VI. Design Methodology

VI.
Design Methodology
Frequency Band: 13 GHZ
Frequency Range: 12.75 GHZ to 13.25 GHZ
Low Band Range: 12.75 GHZ to 12.98 GHZ
High Band Range: 13.01 GHZ to 13.25 GHZ
Channel Bandwidth: 14 MHZ
Frequency to be used:
San Fernando to Mt. Salat=12.764 GHZ
Mt. Salat to Mt. Singakalsa=12.792 GHZ
Mt. Singakalsa to Tawangan=12.82 GHZ
Mt. Salat to San Fernando=13.08 GHZ
Mt. Singakalsa to Mt. Salat=13.052 GHZ
Tawangan Mt. to Singakalsa=13.024 GHZ
Site Computation
San Fernando
N1 = 16°35'
E1 = 120°15'
N latitude = 16°35' + 6.9 x 5'

18.5
= 16°36'51.89"
E longitude = 120°15' + 14.3 x 5'
17.5
= 120°19'1.01"
Tawangan
N1 = 16°35'
E1 = 120°50'
N latitude = 16°35' + 16.5 x 5'

18.5
= 16°39'27.57"
E longitude = 120°50' + 16.7 x 5°
17.8
= 120°54°33°
Mount Singakalsa
E1 = 120°45°
N1 = 16°35°
N latitude = 16°35° + 16.0 x 5°

18.5
= 16°39°20.87°
E longitude = 120°45° + 16.7 x 5°
17.8
= 120°47°4.72°
Mount Salat
E1 = 120°30°
N1 = 16°30°
N latitude = 16°30° + 14.3 x 5°

17.8
= 16°34°1.01°
E longitude = 120°30° + 17.05 x 5°
18.4
= 120 °34 °37 . 9 °
From San Fernando to Mt. Salat

ΔФN = / N1 – N2 /
=16º36’51.89” - 16º34’1.01”
ΔФN = 2’50.88”
ΔθE = / E2 – E1 /
=120º34’37.9” - 120º19’1.01”
ΔθE = 15’36.89”
ФM = Ф2 + ΔФN
2
2’50.88”
= 16º34’1.01” +
2
ФM = 16º35’26.45”
γm = tan -1 ΔθE cos ФM

ΔФN
= tan -1 15’36.89”cos 16º35’26.45”
2’50.88”
γm = 79º13’28.89”
DISTANCE (S) = 1.155 mi X ΔФN X tan γm
sin γm
= 1.115 (2’50.88”) tan (79º13’28.89”)
Sin (79º13’28.89”)
DISTANCE (S) = 17’35.67”
= 17.5945 mi.
=28.31 km.
AZIMUTH
Δ γm = ΔθE sin ФM
= 15’36.89”sin 16º35’26.45”
Δ γm = 4’27.51”
γ(1-2) = Δ γm + γm
2
A1 = γ(1-2)
= 4’27.51”
+ 79º13’28.89”)
2
A1= 79º15’42.65”
γ(2-1) = γ(1-2) - Δ γm
= 79º15’42.65”- 4’27.51”
γ(2-1) = 79º11’15.14”
A1 = 180 º- γ(1-2)
= 180 º - 79º15’42.65”
A1 = 100º44’17.3”
A2 = 360 º- γ(2-1)
= 360 º - 79º11’15.14”
A2 = 280º48’44.8”
From Mt. Salat to Mt. Singakalsa
Δθ E= 12’26.82”
ΔθN = 5’19.86”
ФM = 16º42’0.8”
γm = 65º54’28.48”
sin γm
= 1.115 (5’19.86”) tan (65º54’28.48”)
Sin (65º54’28.48”)
DISTANCE (S) = 15’5.03”
= 15.0838 mi.
=24.27 km.
AZIMUTH
Δ γm = 3’34.61”
γ(1-2) = Δ γm + γm
2
γ(1-2) = 65º56’15.78”
γ(2-1) = γ(1-2) - Δ γm
γ(2-1) = 65º52’41.17”
A1 = 114º3’44.22”
A2= 294º7’18.83”
From Mt. Singakalsa to Tawangan
Δθ E= 7’28.28”
ΔθN = 6.73”
ФM = 16º39’30.93”
γm = 89º6’7.96”
sin γm
= 1.115 (6.73”) tan (89º6’7.96”)
Sin (89º6’7.96”)
DISTANCE (S) = 15’5.03”
= 15.0838 mi.
=24.27 km.
AZIMUTH
Δ γm = 2’8.51”
γ(1-2) = Δ γm + γm
2
γ(1-2) = 89º7’12.21”
γ(2-1) = γ(1-2) - Δ γm
γ(2-1) = 89º5’3.71”
A1 = 90º52’47.79”
A2= 270º54’18.8356.2”
Link Budget
Fade Margin
San Fernando to Mt. Salat
Frequencytransmit=12.764 GHz
Frequencyreceive=13.08 GHz
D=28.31 Km.
Transmitter Antenna Gain
GTdB = 17.8 + 20log(13) + 20log(1.8)

GTdB = 45.18dB
Waveguide Loss
WaveguideLoss = 11.18 / 100m ×15m
WaveguideLoss = 1.677 dB
Free Space Loss

For LBF
FSL1( dB ) = 92.4 + 20 log(28.31) + 20 log(12.764)

FSL1( dB ) = 143.56dB
For HBF
FSL2 ( dB ) = 92.4 + 20 log(28.31) + 20 log(13.08)

FSL2 ( dB ) = 143.77 dB
Rain Loss
For LBF
log12 − log 12.764

M =
log12 − log 15
M = 0.277
k = log −1 [ log k1 − Mx( log k1 − log k 2 ) ]
k = log −1 [ log 0.335 − 0.277 x( log 0.0335 − log 0.0168) ]
k = 0.02767
α = α 1 − Mx(α 1 − α 2 )
α = 1.154 − 0.277(1.154 − 1.217 )
α = 1.17145
γ = ( 0.02767 )(180)
1.17145
γ = 12.13244
 
 28.31 
DE =  
 1 − 28.31 
 
 2.3521 
DE = 2.1717
ARAIN = ( DE ) x( γ )
ARAIN = ( 2.1717 )(12.13244 )
ARAIN = 26.35dB
For HBF
log12 − log 13.08

M =
log12 − log 15
M = 0.386
k = log −1 [ log 0.335 − 0.386 x( log 0.0335 − log 0.0168) ]
k = 0.02566
α = α 1 − Mx(α 1 − α 2 )
α = 1.154 − 0.386(1.154 − 1.217 )
α = 1.17832
γ = ( 0.02566)(180 )
1.17832
γ = 11.65975
 
 28.31 
DE =  
 1 − 28.31 
 
 2.3521 
DE = 2.1717
ARAIN = ( 2.1717 )(11.65975)
ARAIN = 25.32dB
Oxygen Absorption Loss
For LBF
 
AO = 7.19 x10 −3 + 2
6.09
+
4.81 2
( −3
)
 x f x10 (dB / Km)
 f + 0.227 ( f − 57 ) + 1.5 
2
 
AO = 7.19 x10 −3 +
6.09
+
4.81
(2 −3
)
 x 12.764 x10 (dB / Km)
 12.764 + 0.227 (12.764 − 57 ) + 1.5 
2 2
AO = 7.653 x10 −3 (dB / Km)
AO = 7.653 x10 −3 (dB / Km) * 28.31

AO = 0.22dB
For HBF
 
AO = 7.19 x10 −3 + 2
6.09
+
4.81 2
( −3
)
 x f x10 (dB / Km)
f + 0.227 ( f − 57 ) + 1.5 
2

 
AO = 7.19 x10 −3 +
6.09
+
4.81
( 2
)
−3
 x 123.08 x10 (dB / Km)
 13.08 + 0.227 (13.08 − 57 ) + 1.5 
2 2
AO = 7.738 x10 −3 ( dB / Km)
AO = 7.738 x10 −3 (dB / Km) * 28.31

AO = 0.22dB
Water Vapor Loss
For LBF
 
 x ( f xαx10 )( dB / Km)
3 9 4.3 −4
AH 2O = 0.067 + + + 2
 ( f − 22.3) + 7.3 ( f − 183.3) + 6 ( f − 323.8) + 10 

2 2 2
 
AH 2O =  0.067 +
3
+
9
+
4.3 2 −4
(
 x f xα x10 (dB / Km) )
 ( f − 22.3) + 7.3 ( f − 183.3) + 6 ( f − 323.8) + 10 
2 2 2
 
AH 2O =  0.067 +
3
+
9
+
4.3
 x 12.764 xα x10
2 −4
( )
 (12.764 − 22.3) + 7.3 (12.764 − 183.3) + 6 (12.764 − 323.8) + 10 
2 2 2
AH 2O = .0191(dB / Km)
AH 2O = .0191(dB / Km) * 28.31

AH 2O = 0.54dB
For HBF
 
 x ( f xαx10 )( dB / Km)
3 9 4.3 −4
AH 2O = 0.067 + + + 2
 ( f − 22 .3 ) 2
+ 7 .3 ( f − 183 .3 ) 2
+ 6 ( f − 323 .8 ) 2
+ 10 
 
AH 2O =  0.067 +
3
+
9
+
4.3 2 −4
(
 x f xα x10 (dB / Km) )
 ( f − 22.3) + 7.3 ( f − 183.3) + 6 ( f − 323.8) + 10 
2 2 2
 
AH 2O =  0.067 +
3
+
9
+
4.3
 x 13.08 xα x10
2
(
−4
)
 (13.08 − 22.3) + 7.3 (13.08 − 183.3) + 6 (13.08 − 323.8) + 10 
2 2 2
AH 2O = .0205(dB / Km)
AH 2O = .0205(dB / Km) * 28.31

AH 2O = 0.58dB
Basic Thermal Fade Margin

Parameters LBF HBF
Microwave Radio Output Power 27 27
Connector Loss 0.5 0.5
Waveguide Loss 1.68 1.68
Antenna Gain 45.18 45.18
Free-space Loss 143.55 143.77
Power Input to Receiver(RSL) -31.55 -31.77
Minimum Receiver Threshold -80 -80
Thermal Fade Margin 48.45 48.23
Thermal Fade Margin with Rain Attrenuation

Parameters LBF HBF
Rain Attenuation 26.35 25.32
Rain Fade Margin 22.1 22.91
Thermal Fade Margin with Atmospheric Loss
Parameters LBF HBF
Absorption Loss(Oxygen) 0.22 0.22
Absorption Loss(Water Vapor) 0.54 0.58
Mt. Salat to Mt. Singakalsa
D=24.27 Km.
GTdB = 17.8 + 20log(13) + 20log(1.8)

GTdB = 45.18dB
Waveguide Loss
Free Space Loss

For LBF
FSL1( dB ) = 92.4 + 20 log(24.27) + 20 log(12.792)

FSL1( dB ) = 142.24dB
For HBF
FSL 2 ( dB ) = 92.4 + 20 log(24.27) + 20 log(13.052)

FSL 2 ( dB ) = 142.41dB
Rain Loss
For LBF
log 12 − log 12.792

M =
log 12 − log 15
M = 0.286
k = log −1 [ log 0.335 − 0.286 x( log 0.0335 − log 0.0168) ]
k = 0.0275
α = α 1 − Mx(α 1 − α 2 )
α = 1.154 − 0.286(1.154 − 1.217 )
α = 1.175202
γ = ( 0.0275)(180 )
1.175202
γ = 12.09364
 
 24.27 
DE =  
 1 − 24.27 
 
 2.3521 
DE = 2.1443
ARAIN = ( 2.1443)(12.09364)
ARAIN = 25.93dB
For HBF
log12 − log 13.052
M =
log12 − log 15
M = 0.376
k = log −1 [ log 0.335 − 0.376 x( log 0.0335 − log 0.0168) ]
k = 0.02583
α = α 1 − Mx(α 1 − α 2 )
α = 1.154 − 0.376(1.154 − 1.217 )
α = 1.17769
γ = ( 0.02583)(180 )
1.17769
γ = 11.69866
 
 24.27 
DE =  
 1 − 24.27 
 
 2.3521 
DE = 2.1443
ARAIN = ( 2.1443)(11.69866)
ARAIN = 25.08dB
For LBF
 
AO = 7.19 x10 −3 + 2
6.09
+
4.81
( 2
)−3
 x f x10 (dB / Km)
 f + 0 . 227 ( f − 57 ) 2
+ 1 . 5 
 
AO = 7.19 x10 −3 +
6.09
+
4.81
( 2
) −3
 x 12.792 x10 (dB / Km)
 12 . 792 2
+ 0 . 227 ( )
12.792 − 57 + 1.5 
2
−3
AO = 7.661x10 (dB / Km)
AO = 7.661x10 −3 (dB / Km) * 24.27

AO = 0.19dB
For HBF
 
AO = 7.19 x10 −3 + 2
6.09
+
4.81
(
2 −3
)
 x f x10 (dB / Km)
 f + 0 . 227 ( f − 57 ) + 1.5 
2
 
AO = 7.19 x10 −3 +
6.09
+
4.81
( 2 −3
 x 123.052 x10 (dB / Km) )
 13 . 052 2
+ 0 . 227 (13.052 − 57 ) + 1.5 
2
−3
AO = 7.731x10 (dB / Km)
AO = 7.731x10 −3 (dB / Km) * 24.27

AO = 0.19dB
Water Vapor Loss
For LBF
 
 x ( f xαx10 )( dB / Km)
3 9 4.3 −4
AH 2O = 0.067 + + + 2
 ( f − 22.3) + 7.3 ( f − 183.3) + 6 ( f − 323.8) + 10 

2 2 2
 
AH 2O =  0.067 +
3
+
9
+
4.3 2 −4
(
 x f xα x10 (dB / Km) )
 ( f − 22.3) + 7.3 ( f − 183.3) + 6 ( f − 323.8) + 10 
2 2 2
 
AH 2O =  0.067 +
3
+
9
+
4.3
 x 12.792 xα x10
2 −4
( )
 (12.792 − 22.3) + 7.3 (12.792 − 183.3) + 6 (12.792 − 323.8) + 10 
2 2 2
AH 2O = .0192(dB / Km)
AH 2O = .0192(dB / Km) * 24.27

AH 2O = 0.46dB
For HBF
 
 x ( f xαx10 )( dB / Km)
3 9 4.3 −4
AH 2O = 0.067 + + + 2
 ( f − 22 .3 ) 2
+ 7 .3 ( f − 183 .3 ) 2
+ 6 ( f − 323 .8 ) 2
+ 10 
 
AH 2O =  0.067 +
3
+
9
+
4.3 2 −4
(
 x f xα x10 (dB / Km) )
 ( f − 22.3) + 7.3 ( f − 183.3) + 6 ( f − 323.8) + 10 
2 2 2
 
AH 2O =  0.067 +
3
+
9
+
4.3
 x 13.052 xα x10
2 −4
( )
 (13.052 − 22.3) + 7.3 (13.052 − 183.3) + 6 (13.052 − 323.8) + 10 
2 2 2
AH 2O = .0204(dB / Km)
AH 2O = .0204(dB / Km) * 24.27

AH 2O = 0.49dB

Parameters LBF HBF
Parameters LBF HBF
Parameters LBF HBF
Mt. Singakalsa to Tawangan

D=13.3 Km.
GTdB = 17.8 + 20log(13) + 20log(1.8)

GTdB = 45.18dB
Waveguide Loss
Free Space Loss

For LBF
FSL1( dB ) = 92.4 + 20 log(13.3) + 20 log(12.82)

FSL1( dB ) = 137.03dB
For HBF
FSL2 ( dB ) = 92.4 + 20 log(13.3) + 20 log(13.024)

FSL2 ( dB ) = 137.17 dB
Rain Loss
For LBF
log12 − log 12.82

M =
log12 − log 15
M = 0.296
k = log −1 [ log 0.335 − 0.296 x( log 0.0335 − log 0.0168) ]
k = 0.02731
α = α 1 − Mx(α 1 − α 2 )
α = 1.154 − 0.296(1.154 − 1.217 )
α = 1.17265
d = 3.8 − 06 ln( Rp)

d = 3.8 − 0.6 ln 129
d = 0.88411
b = 2.3Rp − 0.17
b = 2.3(129) − 0.17
b = 1.00676
c = 0.026 − 0.03 ln Rp
c = 0.026 − 0.03 ln 129
c = −0.11979
µ = ln(be cd ) / d
µ = (ln 1.00676e ( −0.11979 )(0.8841) ) / 09.88411
µ = −0.11217
[
ARain = kxRp α x (e µα xD − − 1) / µ dx]
 e ( −0.11217 )(1.17265)(13.3) − 1
ARain = (0.02731)(129)(1.17265)  
 (− 0.11217)(1.17265) 
ARain = 25.95dB
For HBF
log12 − log 13.024

M =
log12 − log 15
M = 0.367
k = log −1 [ log 0.335 − 0.367 x( log 0.0335 − log 0.0168) ]
k = 0.026
α = α 1 − Mx(α 1 − α 2 )
α = 1.154 − 0.367(1.154 − 1.217 )
α = 1.17712
d = 3.8 − 06 ln( Rp)

d = 3.8 − 0.6 ln 129
d = 0.88411
b = 2.3Rp − 0.17
b = 2.3(129) − 0.17
b = 1.00676
c = 0.026 − 0.03 ln Rp
c = 0.026 − 0.03 ln 129
c = −0.11979
µ = ln(be cd ) / d
µ = (ln 1.00676e ( −0.11979 )(0.8841) ) / 09.88411
µ = −0.11217
[
ARain = kxRp α x (e µα xD − − 1) / µ dx ]
 e ( −0.11217 )(1.17712 )(13.3) − 1
ARain = (0.026)(129)(1.17712)  
 (− 0.11217)(1.17712) 
ARain = 24.74dB
For LBF
 
AO = 7.19 x10 −3 + 2
6.09
+
4.81 2
(
−3
 x f x10 (dB / Km)
f + 0.227 ( f − 57 ) + 1.5 
2
)

 
AO = 7.19 x10 −3 +
6.09
+
4.81 2
(
−3
 x 12.82 x10 (dB / Km) )
 12.82 + 0.227 (12.82 − 57 ) + 1.5 
2 2
AO = 7.668 x10 −3 ( dB / Km)
AO = 7.668 x10 −3 (dB / Km) * 13.3

AO = 0.10dB
For HBF
 
AO = 7.19 x10 −3 + 2
6.09
+
4.81 2 −3
(
 x f x10 (dB / Km) )
 f + 0.227 ( f − 57 ) + 1.5 
2
 
AO = 7.19 x10 −3 +
6.09
+
4.81 2 −3
(
 x 123.024 x10 (dB / Km) )
 13.024 + 0.227 (13.024 − 57 ) + 1.5 
2 2
AO = 7.723 x10 −3 (dB / Km)
AO = 7.723 x10 −3 (dB / Km) * 13.3

AO = 0.10dB
Water Vapor Loss
For LBF
 
 x ( f xαx10 )( dB / Km)
3 9 4.3 −4
AH 2O = 0.067 + + + 2
 ( f − 22.3) + 7.3 ( f − 183.3) + 6 ( f − 323.8) + 10 

2 2 2
 
AH 2O =  0.067 +
3
+
9
+
4.3 2 −4
(
 x f xα x10 (dB / Km) )
 ( f − 22.3) + 7.3 ( f − 183.3) + 6 ( f − 323.8) + 10 
2 2 2
 
AH 2O =  0.067 +
3
+
9
+
4.3
 x 12.82 xα x10
2
(
−4
)
 (12.82 − 22.3) + 7.3 (12.82 − 183.3) + 6 (12.82 − 323.8) + 10 
2 2 2
AH 2O = .0194(dB / Km)
AH 2O = .0194(dB / Km) *13.3

AH 2O = 0.26dB
For HBF
 
 x ( f xαx10 )( dB / Km)
3 9 4.3 −4
AH 2O = 0.067 + + + 2
 ( f − 22 .3 ) 2
+ 7 .3 ( f − 183 .3 ) 2
+ 6 ( f − 323 .8 ) 2
+ 10 
 
AH 2O =  0.067 +
3
+
9
+
4.3 2 −4
(
 x f xα x10 (dB / Km) )
 ( f − 22.3) + 7.3 ( f − 183.3) + 6 ( f − 323.8) + 10 
2 2 2
 
AH 2O =  0.067 +
3
+
9
+
4.3
 x 13.024 xα x10
2 −4
( )
 (13.024 − 22.3) + 7.3 (13.024 − 183.3) + 6 (13.024 − 323.8) + 10 
2 2 2
AH 2O = .0202(dB / Km)
AH 2O = .0202(dB / Km) *13.3

AH 2O = 0.27 dB
Parameters LBF HBF
Parameters LBF HBF
Parameters LBF HBF
Microwave System Performance

Transmitter at San Fernando
System Gain
G S = PO − Threshold
G S = 27dB − (−86dB )
G S = 113dB
Transmitter at Mt. Salat

System Gain
G S = 27dB − (−86dB )
G S = 113dB
Transmitter at Mt. Singakalsa

System Gain
G S = 27dB − (−86dB )
G S = 113dB
Reliability
San Fernando to Mt. Salat
For LBF
 −47.69 −40

FM Eff = −10 log 10 10
+ (3)(10) 10 
 
FM Eff = 34.9dB
 34.99 
U LB = (1 * 10 −9 )(12.75)1.2 (28.31) 3.5 10 
 10 
U LB = 8.12 * 10 −7
RLB = (1 − 8.12 * 10 −7 ) × 100 0 0

RLB = 99.992 0 0
For HBF
 −47.43 −40

FM Eff = −10 log 10 10
+ (3)(10) 10 
 
FM Eff = 34.9dB
 34.99 
U HB = (1 *10 −9 )(12.75)1.2 ( 28.31) 3.5 10 
 10 
U HB = 8.12 * 10 −7
R HB = (1 − 8.12 * 10 −7 ) × 100 0 0
R HB = 99.992 0 0
Mt. Salat to Mt. Singakalsa
For LBF
 −49.11 −40

FM Eff = −10 log 10 10
+ (3)(10) 10 
 
FM Eff = 35.06dB
 35.06 
U LB = (1 * 10 −9 )(12.75)1.2 (24.27) 3.5 10
 10 
U LB = 4.66 * 10 −7
R LB = (1 − 4.66 * 10 −7 ) × 100 0 0
R LB = 99.99995 0 0
For HBF
 −48.91 −40

FM Eff = −10 log 10 10
+ (3)(10) 10 
 
FM Eff = 35.05dB
 35.05 
U HB = (1 *10 −9 )(12.75)1.2 (24.27) 3.5 10
 10 
U HB = 4.78 * 10 −7
R HB = (1 − 4.78 * 10 −7 ) × 100 0 0
R HB = 99.9995 0 0
Mt. Singakalsa to Tawangan

For LBF
 −54.61 −40

FM Eff = −10 log 10 10 + (3)(10) 10 
 
FM Eff = 35.18dB
 35.18 
U LB = (1 * 10 −9 )(12.75)1.2 (13.3) 3.5 10 
 10 
U LB = 5.52 * 10 −7
R LB = (1 − 5.52 * 10 −7 ) × 100 0 0
R LB = 99.999994 0 0
For HBF
 −54.46 −40

FM Eff = −10 log 10 10 + (3)(10) 10 
 
FM Eff = 35.18dB
 35.18 
U HB = (1 *10 −9 )(12.75)1.2 (13.3) 3.5 10
 10 
U HB = 5.68 * 10 −7
RHB = (1 − 5.68 *10 −7 ) ×100 0 0

RHB = 99.999994 0 0
Over-All Reliability
For LBF
RT = R1 + R2 + R3
RT = 99.999144 0 0
For HBF
RT = R1 + R2 + R3
RT = 99.99904 0 0

VI. Design Methodology

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VI. Design Methodology

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VI.

N latitude = 16°35' + 6.9 x 5'

N latitude = 16°35' + 16.5 x 5'

N latitude = 16°35° + 16.0 x 5°

N latitude = 16°30° + 14.3 x 5°

From San Fernando to Mt. Salat

γm = tan -1 ΔθE cos ФM

= tan -1 15’36.89”cos 16º35’26.45”

DISTANCE (S) = 1.155 mi X ΔФN X tan γm

DISTANCE (S) = 17’35.67”

From Mt. Salat to Mt. Singakalsa

DISTANCE (S) = 1.155 mi X ΔФN X tan γm

= 1.115 (5’19.86”) tan (65º54’28.48”)

DISTANCE (S) = 15’5.03”

From Mt. Singakalsa to Tawangan

DISTANCE (S) = 1.155 mi X ΔФN X tan γm

= 1.115 (6.73”) tan (89º6’7.96”)

DISTANCE (S) = 15’5.03”

San Fernando to Mt. Salat

Transmitter Antenna Gain

GTdB = 17.8 + 20log(13) + 20log(1.8)

Free Space Loss

FSL1( dB ) = 92.4 + 20 log(28.31) + 20 log(12.764)

FSL2 ( dB ) = 92.4 + 20 log(28.31) + 20 log(13.08)

log12 − log 12.764

log12 − log 13.08

Oxygen Absorption Loss

AO = 7.653 x10 −3 (dB / Km)

AO = 7.653 x10 −3 (dB / Km) * 28.31

AO = 7.738 x10 −3 ( dB / Km)

AO = 7.738 x10 −3 (dB / Km) * 28.31

Water Vapor Loss

 ( f − 22.3) + 7.3 ( f − 183.3) + 6 ( f − 323.8) + 10 

AH 2O = .0191(dB / Km) * 28.31

AH 2O = .0205(dB / Km) * 28.31

Basic Thermal Fade Margin

Thermal Fade Margin with Rain Attrenuation

Mt. Salat to Mt. Singakalsa

Transmitter Antenna Gain

GTdB = 17.8 + 20log(13) + 20log(1.8)

Free Space Loss

FSL1( dB ) = 92.4 + 20 log(24.27) + 20 log(12.792)

FSL 2 ( dB ) = 92.4 + 20 log(24.27) + 20 log(13.052)

log 12 − log 12.792

Oxygen Absorption Loss

AO = 7.661x10 −3 (dB / Km) * 24.27

AO = 7.731x10 −3 (dB / Km) * 24.27

Water Vapor Loss

 ( f − 22.3) + 7.3 ( f − 183.3) + 6 ( f − 323.8) + 10 

AH 2O = .0192(dB / Km) * 24.27

AH 2O = .0204(dB / Km) * 24.27

Basic Thermal Fade Margin

Mt. Singakalsa to Tawangan

Transmitter Antenna Gain

GTdB = 17.8 + 20log(13) + 20log(1.8)

Free Space Loss

FSL1( dB ) = 92.4 + 20 log(13.3) + 20 log(12.82)

FSL2 ( dB ) = 92.4 + 20 log(13.3) + 20 log(13.024)

log12 − log 12.82

d = 3.8 − 06 ln( Rp)

log12 − log 13.024

d = 3.8 − 06 ln( Rp)

Oxygen Absorption Loss