atmifpnfrf;oH =um;jyDxifh jynfawmf0ifr,fav

&ef0if; (awmifwHcg;)

tcgawmfa&mufcsdef eD;vdkvmjyDav
a':a': rr ESr wdka& tonf;pJ cspfrdwfaq acwW cJvdkae
rreJ twlwu vdkufygEdkifap
atmifpnfrf;oH =um;jyDxifh jynfawmf0ifr,fav?
jynfawmf0if/ at0rf; q&m!Sm
jynfawmf0if oDcsif;udk at0rf; q&m!Sm a&;onfhtcsdefrSm 'kwd,urBmppf}uD; jyD;cgp jzpfavonf? 1945
ckESpf/ rwfv twif;u AdkvfrSL;}uD;Axl;. wyfrsm;u rEav;r rodrf;wdkufyJ qifEJjyD;onfhaemuf/
ppfab;ppf'%foifh rEav;r}uD; twif;odk rEav;rolrom;rsm; wzJzJjzifh jyefvnf
0ifa&mufvmcsdefjzpfavonf? tysuftpD;rsm;=um;u rEav;r}uD;udk jyefvnfwnfaqmuf=u&ef
tm;rmefay;aom jynfawmf0if oDcsif;udk at0rf; q&m!Sm u rif;uef; t&yfa'orSma&;cJhavonf?

at0rf; q&m!Sm ac: rEvm!Sm

'kwd,urBmppfrD; jrefrmjynftwif;odk ul;puf 0ifa&mufvmaomtcg/ rEav;rolrom;rsm;onf

ppfab;'%frS vwf&m vwfa=umif;tm;jzifh rEav;r . taemufzufrS {&m0wDjrpf udk jzwful;jyD;
ppfudkif;awmifdk;/ rif;0Hawmifdk;
ESifh rif;uef; t&yfa'o Sd olawmfpifrsm; oDwif;oHk;&m

bkef;}uD;ausmif;rsm;/ oDvSifausmif;rsm;wif &wemoHk;yg; . t&dyftm0go

ajy;cdk=u&avonf? a'otac:tm;jzifh xdkausmif;rsm;udk acsmif [kac:onf?

atmufodk

{&m0wDjrpf wzufurf;rS ppfudkif;awmifSKcif;? "gwfyHk/ &ef0if;(awmifwHcg;)

awmifawpdrfhprf;/ acsmif awodef;oef;/ acrmaomifurf; wufvrf; atmifjrifajr

ppfudkif;awmif/ rrjidrf;

bkef;bk&m;&Jt&dyfudkckdyg&ap/
=unfjzLSmoav oem;ruif;Smbl;xifh/
at;vu,fae=uv[Jhpdwfwdkif;us oifhawmfovdkae
xdkoHk;yg;/ rrjidrf;

rrjidrf;

rrjidrf; tygtAif rrtzJom;rsm;ESifh rdom;pkrsm; onfvnf; ppfudkif;awmifkd; Sd edAdENacsmif ESifh

teD;tyg;Sd acsmifrsm;wif cdkem;ae=u&onf? om;orD;yrm cifw,faom bif*sdK/ wa,m/ r,f'vif/
wmyvmAHk tpSdaom wl&d,mypPnf;rsm;udkvnf; &or# ,laqmifcJh=uojzifh rrtzJom;rsm;onf
twD;tr_wf tavhtusifh rjywfvyf=uay?

cspfcif=uwJh tm;vHk;rdwfaq/ aewdkif;yJ owd&w,fav

usKyfwdk rr toif;om;rsm;waw/ awmifdk;wef; ppfudkif;zufrSmae
usef;rm=u&Jvm;vdk rr armif waw aref;olar ar;vdkufoHaw
usef;rm=uyg&Jvdk rr armif waw aref;olar ajymvdkufygav
ppfudkif;rSmyJ pdwfupJ ewfjynf/ wcgwavawmh ar#mfrSef; wrf;w wawaw
jyefcsifaZmaw a&mufcsifaZmeJ pdwfapmvdkomae?
jynfawmf0if/ at0rf; q&m!Sm

'kwd,urBmppf}uD; jyD;cgp/ 1945 ckESpf rwfv 23 &uf/ aom=umaewif rEav;r odk jyef=u&ef
qHk;jzwf=ujyD;v#if rrtzJom;rsm;onf oHk;ESpf oHk;rdk;cef eD;vsuf ESifh a0;ae=u&aom rEav;r}uD;odk
jyefvnf0ifa&muf=uavonf? tif;0wHwm;}uD;rSm ppftwi;f u ysufpD;om;cJhojzifh {&m0wDjrpfudk ul;wdk
jzifh ul;um wzufurf;Sd pHa;qdyfurf;rS pHa;blwm odk pk&yftjzpf a&mufvm=uonf? xdkrSwqifh
ppfoHk;vufusef um;}uD;wpD; wif &&maq;jzifh rr Ak'<a0,sm0pP wl&d,mtoif;}uD; [k a&;jc,fum
ppfudkif;/ rEav; vrf;r}uD; wavsmuf tr&yl&rudk jzwfI rEav;r odkjyef=uonf? at0rf; q&m!Sm

. jynfawmf0if oDcsif;udk oDqdk wD;r_wfvm=uaom rrtzJ}uD;udk wvrf;vHk; Sd ppfab;'%f

ajy;ahmif&mrS tdrfjyefae=uonfh c&D;om;taygif;u aomif;aomif;jzjz tm;ay; uqdk=uavonf?
rEav;rolrom; rsm;onf rEav;r}uD;udk tysuftpD;rsm;t=um;/ jymyHkb0rS Sifoef xajrmufapI
ropf/ b0opf tjzpf xlaxmifae=u&mwif at0rf; q&m!Sm . jynfawmf0if oDcsif;udk rrtzJ}uD;u
vSnfhvnf oDqdk wD;r_wfI tm;rmef wufapcJh=uavonf?

rEav;qdk ar wdk&wemyHkaejynf
wifhw,fom,mpnfum; [dkwkef;tcguav
tJ'gawraw;eJawmh/ aSqufcg pDrH }uHpdkav?
arharhaysmufaysmuf atmufarhvdkae wdkufwmtdrfajc pnf;pdrfSifaw
vl}uH&ifrcHEdkifbl; txl;yifrSwf=uay/
t&ifvdk aysmfaysmf ififae rrtoif;uajymrav
jzpf[Jhqdk jzpf&r,fwJh wufacwfvli,frsm; tm;tif awmifhwif;ap?
jynfawmf0if/ at0rf; q&m!Sm

1969ckESpf/ arv twif;u ppfudkif;r wrvHk; rD;ab; t}uD;tus,f oifhaomtcg/ rrtzJ}uD;u

ppfudkif;rodkom;a&muf I at0rf; q&m!Sm . jynfawmf0if oDcsif;udk yif vSnfhvnf oDqdk wD;r_wfcg
ppfudkif; rolrom; rsm; udk tm;ay;cJh=ujyefonf?
'kwd,urBmppf}uD;tjyD; o}uFefyJ rS pI o}uFefyJwdkif; wif at0rf; q&m!Sm . jynfawmf0if oDcsif; udk
rrtzJ}uD;u
aiief;
o}uFef,mOfay:wif
rSwfrSwf&&
oDqdk
wD;r_wfvmcJh=uonfrSm
,aexufwdkifatmifyif?

armifat;jrifh (jrefrmr_'DZdkif;okawoD)

q,fpkESpf wESpfausmf umv =umSnfpm o}uFefyJwdkif; rrtzJ}uD; ESifh yl;aygif; yg0if azsmfajzcJhonfh
pma&;q&m/ tqdkawmf/ kyfSif okyfaqmif 0if;OD; onf aS;acwfu rrtzJ}uD; jynfawmf0ifcJhonfh
vrf;a=umif;twdkif;/ ppfudkif;rrS rEav;rodk c&D;wavsmuf rrtzJ}uD; ESifh vdkufygvsuf/ at0rf;
q&m!Sm . jynfawmf0if oDcsif; udk *k%fy oDqdkcJhonfrSm ESppf Of ESpfwdkif; jzpfcJhavonf?

'DZkdi;f / udkudkjrifh? twmaw; ESifh rEav;o}uFef/ atmifatmif (,Ofre f)

2010 rEav; o}uFef rS rrtzJ}uD;/ "gwfyHk/ a'gufwm vScdkif/ rEav;

r}uD;rsm;onf jymyHkb0rS jyefvnf pnfyif zHz;vmcJhavonf? tysuftpD;rsm;t=um;u kef;uefI

Sifoef xajrmuf vmEdkifcJhayjyD? rnfodkyif a[mif;Erf; ysufpD;aeonfjzpfap/ ysuftpOf jyifc% qdkouJhodk
tysuf onf taumif;/ ta[mif; onf topf jzpfEdkifay.? at0rf; q&m!Sm . jynfawmf0if oDcsif;
onf tysuf ta[mif; udk taumif; topf jzpfap&ef jyefvnfwnfaqmuf&mwif tm;rmef udk
aqmifchJayonf?

tcgawmfa&mufcsdef eD;vdkvmjyDav
a':a': rr ESr wdka& tonf;pJ cspfrdwfaq acwW cJvdkae
rreJ twlwu vdkufygEdkifap
atmifpnfrf;oH =um;jyDxifh jynfawmf0ifr,fav?
at0rf; q&m!Sm
jynfawmf0if qdkonfrSm udk,fhwdkif;jynf/ udk,fht&yfodk tdrfjyefcsdef yif jzpfavawmhonf? ?

txl;aus;Zl;wifpmjzifh udk;um;jcif;
(1) jynfolcspfaom tEkynmonfrsm;/ vlxka':trm/ arv/ 1964
(2) wdrf,Htdyfruf rdk;xufe&D/ ql;iSuf/ pufwifbm/ 2007
(3) twmaw; ESifh rEav;o}uFef/ atmifatmif (,Ofref)/ rwfv/ 2001
(4) rrjidrf; ESifholtEkynm/ oef;atmifcdkif/ 'DZifbm/ 1997
(5) rEav;r tESpf wpf&mhig;q,fjynfh txdrf;trSwf aqmif;yg;aygif;csKyf