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Lecture 4

Lecture Objectives
D1 D2 D3

D4

vi(t)

RL

vo(t)

Diodes
Rectifiers
(contd..)

To study & understand operation & characteristics of diode rectifiers types of diode rectifiers techniques of analyzing & designing the diode rectifiers

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Power factor of a full-wave rectifier

The output of a single-phase full-wave bridge rectifier with a highly inductive motor load is shown in Fig. below. Find the (i) HF of input current, & (ii) input PF.

Solution:

is (t ) = I dc +

n =1, 3, 5..

(a

cos nt + bn sin nt )

where

1 2 I dc = is (t )d (t ) = 0 2 0

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Power factor of a full-wave rectifier (contd..)

and

1 2 = 2 I cos ntd (t ) = 0 an = i (t ) cos ntd (t ) 0 s 0 a 1 2 = 2 I sin ntd (t ) = 4 I a bn = i (t )sin ntd (t ) 0 s 0 a n

Then

4 I a sin t sin 3t sin 5t + + + .... is (t ) = 1 3 5

rms value of fundamental component rms of input current

4I a Is = 2
2I a 4 I 1 = 0.48 a
2

4I a I s1 = 2
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 + + + + .. = I a 3 5 7

I HF or THD = s 1 = I s1

PF =

I s1 4I a cos = cos 00 = 0.9 Is 2I a

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Multi-phase star rectifier

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Multi-phase star rectifier (contd..)

2 /q = V q sin Vdc = Vm cos td ( t ) m 0 q 2 / q

Vrms
/q 2 2 2 = 0 Vm cos td (t ) 2 / q /q
1/ 2

q = Vm 2

1 2 + sin q 2 q

1/ 2

2 Is = 2

I cos td ( t )
2 m 2

1/ 2

1 = Im 2

1 2 + sin q 2 q

1/ 2

2 n v0 = Vm sin 1 2 cos cos nt q n = q , 2 q ,... n 1 q q

2 2 v0 (t ) = 0.9549Vm 1 cos 6t cos12t + 143 35

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Three-phase bridge rectifier

vbn = Vm sin t 120 0

Phase voltages
van = Vm sin (t )

)
)

vbn = Vm sin t 240 0

)
)

Line-line voltages
vab = 3Vm sin t + 300

vbc = 3Vm sin t 900 vbn = 3Vm sin t 210 0

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Three-phase bridge rectifier (contd..)

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Three-phase bridge rectifier (contd..)

2 /6 Vdc = 3Vm cos td (t ) = 1.654Vm 2 / 6 0

Vrms

/6 2 2 2 = 0 3Vm cos td (t ) 2 / 6

1/ 2

3 9 3 = Vm + 2 4
1/ 2

1/ 2

= 1.6554Vm

4 I d ,rms = 2

/6

2 I m cos 2 td (t )
1/ 2

1 1 2 = I m + sin 6 6 2

= 0.5518 I m

2 2 v0 (t ) = 0.9549Vm 1 cos 6t cos12t + 143 35

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Design of rectifier circuit

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Performance improvement using capacitor filter

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Ripple

The output of a rectifier consists of a dc component and an ac component, which is known as ripple. The ratio of r.m.s. value of ac component to the dc component in the rectifier output is known as ripple factor. vi(t)
Vm 0

vo(t)
Ripple 0 Ripple 0

Input

HWR output

FWR output

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References

1. M. H. Rashid, Power Electronics Circuits, Devices & Applications, 3rd Ed, Pearson, pp. 77121.

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Next class

Transistors