hai phng php tnh nguyn hm

I. Phng php i bin:

Phng php i bin c s dng kh ph bin trong vic tnh cc tch phn bt nh. Phng php i bin s xc nh cc nguyn hm c hai dng da trn nh l sau:

a) Nu

f (x)dx = F (x) + C v u = (x) l hm c o hm th: f (u)du = F (u) + C

b) Nu hm f (x) lin tc th khi ta t x = (t) trong (t) cng vi o hm (t) ca n l nhng hm s lin tc, ta s c: f (x)dx =
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f [(t)]. (t)dt

T ta c hai dng i bin sau:

Dng 1. Thc hin theo cc bc: Bc 1: Chn x = (t), l hm s thch hp. Bc 2: Ly vi phn dx = (t)dt.

Bc 3: Biu th f (x)dx theo t v dt. Gi s rng

Bc 4: Khi I =

g(t)dt.

Lu : Cc du hiu dn ti vic la chn bin ph: a2 x2 , a > 0: chn x = a sin t vi t [ , ] hoc x = a cos t vi t [0, ]. 2 2 a a Du hiu x2 a2 , a > 0: chn x = vi t [ , ] \ {0} hoc x = vi sin t 2 2 cos t t [0, ] \ { }. 2 Du hiu a2 + x2 , a > 0: chn x = a tg t vi t ( , ) hoc x = a cotg t vi t (0, ). 2 2 Du hiu

Du hiu Du hiu

a+x hoc ax

(x a)(b x): chn x = a + (b a) sin2 t. dx (1 x2 )3

w .v

ax , a > 0: chn x = a cos 2t vi t [0, ]. a+x 2

V d 1. Tnh tch phn:

t x = sin t, t ( ,

), tch phn thnh: 2 2 1

ie t

f (x)dx = g(t)dt.

.c o

nh l:

 Vi x > 1: t x =

1 , 0 < t < , suy ra: sin 2t 4

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T c

Ch : li gii trn, ta c kt qu cotg2 t tg2 t = 4x x2 1 v tg t = x x2 1, v:

2 2

ie t

cos4 t sin4 t 4 cos 2t 4 1 sin2 2t cotg t tg t = = = cos2 t. sin2 t sin2 2t sin2 2t 4 1 = 1 = 4x x2 1. sin 2t sin2 2t tg t = sin t 1 cos 2t 1 = = cos t sin 2t sin 2t dx (1 + x2 )3 .

Vi x < 1, tng t nh trng hp trn.

V d 3. Tnh tch phn bt nh: I =

t x = tg t, t ( ,

), khi 2 2 I=

w .v

1 1 I = (cotg2 t tg2 t) ln | tg t| + C 8 2 1 2 1 = x x 1 ln |x x2 1| + C. 2 2

cos tdt = sin t + C =

Dng 2. Thc hin cc bc sau: Bc 1: Chn t = (x), l hm s thch hp, ri xc nh x = (t) (nu c th). Bc 2: Ly vi phn dt = (x)dt. Bc 3: Biu th f (x)dx theo t v dt. Gi s rng f (x)dx = g(t)dt. 2

1 1 = x x2 1. sin2 2t

(cos2 t + sin2 t)dt x2 2dt = 3 = sin 2t 8 sin3 t cos3 t x2 1 1 1 1 2 = (cotg t. 2 + tg t. 2 + )dt. 4 cos t sin t. cos t sin t

x + C. 1 + x2

.c o

dt x = tg t + C = + C. 2t cos 1 x2 (1 x2 )3 = cos3 t x Ch : Do t ( , ) = cos t > 0 = = tg t. 2 2 1 x2 x2 dx V d 2: Tnh tch phn bt nh: I = . x2 1 V iu kin |x| > 1, ta xt hai trng hp: I=

 Bc 4: Khi I =

g(t)dt.

Lu : Cc du hiu dn ti vic la chn bin ph: Du hiu hm c mu s: chn t l mu s.

Du hiu f (x) = Du hiu f (x) =

1 (x + a)(x + b)

+ Vi x + a > 0, x + b > 0 chn t = + Vi x + a < 0, x + b < 0 chn t =

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V d 4. Tnh tch phn bt nh: I =

t t = 1 + sin2 x, khi :

I=

V d 5. Tnh tch phn: I =

t t =

1 x = x = 1 t2 , lc I = 2 =

ie t

x2 dx. 1x

(t4 2t2 + 1)dt =

V d 6. Tnh tch phn: I =

t t =

2x2

1 t3 = x = , khi : 2
2

V d 7. Tnh tch phn

t t =

cos x = t2 = cos x, khi : I=2 2 (3t6 7t2 )t + C 21 2 = (cos3 x 7 cos x) cos x + C. 21 (t6 t2 )dt = 3

w .v

2 (3x2 + 4x + 8) 1 x + C. 15 x5
3

(1 2x2 )2 dx.

I=

3 3 t8 t5 (t7 t4 )dt = ( ) + C 8 8 8 5 3 = (20x4 4x2 3) 3 (1 2x2 )2 + C. 320

sin3 x cos xdx.

1 2

1 1 1 (1 )dt = (t ln |t|) + C = [1 + sin2 x ln(1 + sin2 x)] + C. t 2 2

2 (3t4 10t2 + 15)t + C 15

cos x sin3 x dx. 1 + sin2 x

x + b. x a + x b.

x+a+

.c o

a sin x + b cos x x x : chn t = tg vi cos = 0. c sin x + d cos x + e 2 2

Du hiu f (x,

(x)): chn t =

(x).

V d 8. Tnh tch phn: I =

t t =

dx . 1 + ex

1 + ex t2 = 1 + ex , khi :

(x + 1)(x + 2)

Ta xt hai trng hp:

Vi x > 1
t t =
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x+1 >0 , x+2 >0 x + 2, khi :

x+1+

I=2

Vi x < 2
t t =

(x + 1) +

(x + 2), khi :

II. Phng php tch phn tng phn:

T cng thc o hm ca hm tch suy ra:

w .v

ie t

I = 2

dt = 2 ln | (x + 1) + t

x+1 <0 . x+2 <0

t
vdu.

dt = 2 ln |t| + C = 2 ln | x + 1 + x + 2| + C. t

udv = uv

S dng cng thc ny ta c cc bc tnh tch phn I =

Bc 1: Bin i tch phn ban u v dng: I= f (x)dx = du v. f1 (x).f2 (x)dx.

Bc 2: t:

Bc 3: Khi : I = uv

u = f1 (x) = dv = f2 (x)dx vdu.

Lu : Khi s dng phng php tch phn tng phn ta cn tun th nguyn tc sau: La chn php t dv sao cho v c xc nh mt cch d dng. 4

s
(x + 2)| + C. f (x)dx, nh sau:

.c o

V d 9. Tnh tch phn bt nh: I =

dx

dt t1 1 + ex 1 I=2 = ln + C = ln + C. t2 1 t+1 1 + ex + 1 x x C th t t = e 2 , lc y I = 2 ln |e 2 + ex + 1| + C.

 Tch phn

vdu tnh c d hn so vi

f (x)dx.

t:

Khi :

I= =
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x2 + 1. ln(x + x2 + 1. ln(x +

x2 + 1)

x2 + 1) x + C.

V d 11: Tnh tch phn bt nh: I =

cos(ln x)dx.

Tch phn tng phn vi u = cos(ln x), sau hai bc nhn c:

I=

Ch : Nu bi ton yu cu tnh c hai tch phn: sin(ln x)dx;

ta s dng cng thc tch phn tng phn cho c hai tch phn ri cng v v tr v suy ra tch phn cn tnh.

Ch : Mt s dng hm c bn sau y c cch tnh cho ring tng loi. Loi 1. Tch phn I =
C hai cch:

w .v

ln(cos x) V d 12: Tnh tch phn bt nh: I = dx. cos2 x u = ln(cos x) t , c: I = ln(cos x). tg x + tg x x + C . dx dv = cos2 x

P (x) sin xdx hoc

ie t

P (x). cos xdx.

Cch 1: t

u = P (x) dv = sin xdx

, bng cch ny ta phi tch phn tng phn nhiu ln (s

ln t nht bng bc ca a thc P (x)).

Cch 2: Phng php hng s bt nh Thc hin cc bc sau:

+ Bc 1. Ta c:

x [cos(ln x) + sin(ln x)] + C. 2

cos(ln x)dx,

.c o
dx =

x du = 1 + x2 +1 dx = dx = ln(x + x2 + 1) x = x + x2 + 1 x2 + 1 dx dv = 2 2 + 1. v = x x +1 u

x ln(x + x2 + 1) V d 10: Tnh tch phn: I = dx. x2 + 1 x dx Vit li I = ln(x + x2 + 1). x2 + 1

I=

P (x) cos xdx = A(x) sin x + B(x) cos x + C.

(1)

trong A(x) v B(x) l hai a thc cng bc vi P (x).

+ Bc 2. Ly o hm hai v ca (1), c:

P (x). cos x = [A (x) + B(x)] sin x + [A(x) + B (x)] cos x

S dng phng php h s bt nh ta xc nh c cc a thc A(x), B(x). + Bc 3. Kt lun.

(2)

Nhn xt. Nu bc ca a thc P (x) ln hn hoc bng 3 th cch 1 cng knh hn cch 2.
Do ta i ti nhn nh sau: Nu bc ca P (x) nh hn hoc bng 2, ta la chn cch 1 Nu bc ca P (x) ln hn 2, ta chn cch 2.

V d 13: Tnh tch phn:

Bin i tch phn I =
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x sin2 xdx x 1 cos 2x 2 1 1 dx = x2 4 2

x cos 2xdx.

V d 14: Tnh: I =
Ta c: I =

(x3 x2 + 2x 3) sin xdx.

Vi P3 (x) = a1 x3 + b1 x2 + c1 x + d1 , Q3 (x) = a2 x3 + b2 x2 + c2 x + d2 . Ly o hm hai v ri ng nht c h:

ie t

(x3 x2 + 2x 3) sin xdx = P3 (x) cos x + Q3 (x) sin x

w .v

a2 3a = b 1 2 2b1 + c2 c1 + d2

x 1 1 I = x2 + sin 2x + cos 2x + C 4 4 8

=0 =0 =0 =0

a2 3a b 2 1 2b2 c2 c2 + d1

Tch phn tng phn vo tch phn

x cos 2xdx, c kt qu:

h
=1 = 1 =2 = 3.

Gii hai h c a1 = 1; b1 = 1, c1 = 4, d1 = 1, a2 = 0, b2 = 3, c2 = 2, d2 = 4. Vy I = (x3 + x2 + 4x + 1) cos x + (3x2 2x 4) sin x + C.

Ta cng c th chn mt trong hai cch tng t nh loi 1 trn.

Loi 2. Tch phn I =

eax sin bxdx hoc

eax . cos bxdx.

Cch 1. Ta t

u = cos bx dv = eax dx. eax cos bxdx = [A cos bx + B sin bx]eax + C vi A, B hng s.

Cch 2. I = Ch :

.c o

a) Nu bi ton yu cu tnh gi tr ca mt cp tch phn trn ta c th tch phn tng phn

vo c hai tch phn ri cng v v tr v c kt qu c hai tch phn.

b) Phng php trn cng p dng c cho tch phn: J1 = eax sin2 bxdx, J2 = eax cos2 bxdx.

Cng chn mt trong hai cch nh hai loi trn

Cch 1. t

u = P (x) dv = eax dx.

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Nhn xt Nu bc ca a thc P (x) ln hn hoc bng 3 th cch 1 cng knh hn cch 2. Do

ta i ti nhn nh sau:

Nu bc ca P (x) ln hn 2, ta chn cch 2.

Loi 4. Tch phn I =

t

x ln xdx, vi = 1

u = ln x dv = x dx

V d 15: Tnh tch phn I =

ex . cos2 xdx.

H bc cos2 x ri a v tch phn loi 2, nu s dng phng php ng nht ta vit:

I=

1 2

Ly o hm hai v ri ng nht ta c h phng trnh:

Vy I =

1 (5 + cos 2x + 2 sin 2x)ex + C. 10 xe3x dx. 1 3x 1 3x xe e + C. 3 9 (2x3 + 5x2 2x + 4)e2x dx. 7

V d 16: Tnh tch phn I =

Tch phn tng phn c: I =

V d 17: Tnh tch phn I =

w .v

ex .(1 + cos 2x)dx = (a + b cos 2x + c sin 2x)ex + C.

a = 1 2a =1 2 1 2(2c + b) = 1 b = 10 2(c 2b) = 0 c = 1 . 5

ie t

Nu bc ca P (x) nh hn hoc bng 2, ta la chn cch 1.

Cch 2. I =

P (x).eax dx = A(x)eax + C trong A(x) l a thc cng bc vi P (x).

.c o

Loi 3. Tch phn I =

P (x).eax dx hoc

P (x). cos xdx.

Dng phng php ng nht c I = (x3 + x2 2x + 3)e2x + C .

V d 18: Tnh tch phn I =

Tch phn tng phn c I =

x2 ln 2xdx. x3 x3 ln 2x + C. 3 9

III. Dng hm ph: tng ca phng php dng hm ph l tm mt hm g(x) sao cho nguyn hm ca cc hm s f (x) g(x) d xc nh hn so vi f (x), t suy ra nguyn hm ca f (x), Bc 1: Tm kim hm s g(x).

Bc 2: Xc nh nguyn hm ca hm s f (x) g(x), tc l:

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Dng hm s ph g(x) =

ex . ex ex

1. Tnh cc tch phn I=

w .v

ie t

Bi tp
sin3 x. cos xdx dx x2 + a 2xdx . x + x2 1

x3 (2 3x2 )8 dx cos2 xdx sin8 x x3 dx x8 2

Hm ph cho I l g(x) =

sin4 x cos x v J l g(x) = . sin x cos x sin4 x + cos4 x ex dx. V d 20: Tnh tch phn: ex ex

K=

M=

2. Tnh cc tch phn I=

K= M= K=

dx 1 + e2x (6x3 + 8x + 1)dx (3x2 + 4) x2 + 1 sin xdx cos x sin2 x + 1 x sin xdx 8

V d 19: Tnh I =

sin x dx; J = sin x cos x

cos4 x dx. sin4 x + cos4 x

J= K= N=

J= L= N= L=

1 Bc 3: Cng v (1) nhn c nguyn hm ca f (x) l F (x) = [A(x) + B(x)] + C. 2

dx (x + 1) x2 + 2x + 2 dx 2x 2x + 1 x3 ln xdx ln(sin x) . sin2 x

F (x) + G(x) = A(x) + C1 F (x) G(x) = B(x) + C2 .

.c o

c th ta thc hin cc bc sau:

(1)

3. Tnh cc tch phn sin x I= sin x + cos x

J=

ex . ex + ex

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w .v

ie t

.c o

tch phn xc nh
I. nh ngha v cc tnh cht:
b

1. nh ngha:
a

f (x) dx = F (x)
b

b a

= F (b) F (a) vi F (x) l mt nguyn hm ca f (x).

a b b

f (x) dx =
a a

f (x) dt = = F (b) F (a).

2. Cc tnh cht:
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b

a b a

ii)
a b

f (x)dx =
b

f (x) dx.
b

iii)
a b

kf (x)dx = k
a

f (x)dx.
b b

iv)
a b

[f (x) g(x)]dx =
a c

f (x)
c

v)
a

f (x) dx =
a

f (x) dx +
b

vi) f (x) 0 =
a

f (x) dx 0 (a b).
b b

vii) f (x) g(x) =

w .v

f (x) dx
a

viii) Nu m g(x) M, x [a, b] th

b

m(b a)
a

V d 1. Tnh I =
2

|x2 1| dx; J =
1

Do 1 x 1 = x2 1 0 = |x2 1| = 1 x2 v

ie t

g(x) dx.

f (x) dx.

g(x) dx, a b.

|ex 1| dx.

f (x) dx M (b a).

10

i)

f (x)dx = 0.

.c o

Ch : Tch phn

f (x) dx ch ph thuc f, a, b khng ph thuc cch k hiu bin ly tch phn:

2 x 1 1x1

= x2 1 0 = |x2 1| = x2 1 nn
1 1 2

I=
2

(x 1) dx +
1

(1 x2 ) dx = 4.

Ngoi ra:

1 x 0 = ex 1 = ex 1 0 = |ex 1| = 1 ex .
o 1

nn J =
1

(1 e ) dx +
o

(ex 1) dx = e +

1 2. e

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Ch : f (x) g(x) = x2 3x + 2.

0 x 1 = x2 2x + 2 0 = f (x) g(x)

1 x 2 = x2 2x + 2 0 = f (x) g(x).
1 2

Nh vy: I =
o

x dx +
1

(3x 2)dx =

V d 3. Tnh I =
a

a2 x2 dx; a > 0. y0 x 2 + y 2 = a2

1 ng trn 2 nn theo ngha hnh hc ca tch phn th I l din tch ca na ng trn ny: I = a2 .
Hm s y =

a2 x2 =

w .v

Ch : Nu bit tn dng ngha hnh hc ca tch phn, trong nhiu trng hp ta c ngay c p s ca mt tch phn tng i phc tp.

1. Tnh cc tch phn:

3 4

ie t

= max {f (x), g(x)} = 3x 2.

17 . 6

bi tp

= max {f (x), g(x)} = x2 .

l hm lin tc khng m c th l

t
J=
1

vi f (x) = x ; g(x) = 3x 2.

I=
3 2

|x 2| dx;

K=
o

max {x2 , 2 x}dx.

11

h
|x2 3x + 2| dx;

I=

max {f (x), g(x)}dx

V d 2. Tnh

.c o

0 x 1 = ex 1 = ex 1 0 = |ex 1| = ex 1

2. Tm a, b hm f (x) =

cos

x khi |x| 1 2 |x 1| khi |x| > 1

3

lin tc trn R. T tnh

2

f (x)dx.

II. Hai phng php c bn.

1. i bin s: Gm 2 dng; dng 1 v dng 2 nh tch phn bt nh, ch cn thm cn vo thch

b

hp: I =
a

f (x)dx.

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2 2

V d 1. Tnh I =
o

i bin x = sin t = dx = cos tdt. i cn: x = 0 = t = 0; x =

2 = t = . 2 4 x2 dx = sin2 tdt. 2 1x 1 . 8 4

2 2

I=
o

x dx = 1 x2
o
2 3

sin2 tdt =

V d 2. Tnh I =
1

1 cos t = dx = 2 dt sin t sin t 2 i cn x = 1 = t = ; x = = t = . 2 3 3

i bin x =

dx . x x2 1

w .v

1 2

cos t dt dx sin2 t = = dt. x x2 1 1 1 1 sin t sin2 t 12

ie t

x2 dx. 1 x2

(1 cos 2t)dt =

Cc du hiu la chn x = (t) nh phn tch phn bt nh bit trc y.

v) Kt lun I =

g(t)dt.

i) Chn x = (t). ii) Tnh dx = (t)dt. iii) Tnh cc cn , tng ng vi a, b. iv) Biu th f (x)dx theo t v dt : f (x)dx = g(t)dt.

Dng 1:

.c o

I=
2

dt =
3

dt =

. 6
2 3

2 3

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li i bin u = sin t (i bin ngc)

2 2

u2 (1

I=
1 2

3
1 2

1 2

Tnh cc tch phn:

2

I=
1 o

3 1 4 x2 dx i bin x = 2 sin t; p s I = ( + ) 2 3 8

J=
a
a+b 2

(b a)2 3 i bin x = a + (b a) sin2 t; p s 8 12 8

3

3a+b 4

L=
o

848 x5 1 + x2 dx; t = 1 + x2 ; p s 105 sin x cos3 x 1 dx; t = cos x; p s: (1 ln 2). 2x 1 + cos 2 13

M=
o

K=

(x a)(x b)dx; 0 < a < b.

a+x , a > 0 i bin x = a cos 2t; p s J = a(1 ) ax 4

w .v

ie t

1 1 u1 3 ln u 2 u+1

2 2

3 2

Bi tp.

3du = u2 )

2 2

1 1 2 du 2 u u 1

1 2+1 . 2 + ln 2 3(2 2)

i bin: x 3 = 3tgt x =

3 3tgt = dx = dt. cos2 t x = 1 = t = ; x = 3 = t = . 6 4 4 3 cos t I= dt (1 sin2 t) sin2 t

.c o

1 1 x2 ri li i bin t = sin u c I = . 6 3 9 + 3x2 V d 3. Tnh I = dx. x2 2

x2

Ch : C th bin i I =

dx

ri i bin t =

1 dx = dt = 2 = I = x x
1 2

dt 1 t2

Dng 2:
i) Chn t = (x) ii) Tnh dt suy ra dx. iii) Tnh cn , ng vi a, b iv) Biu th f (x)dx theo t, dt. Gi s f (x)dx = g(t)dt.

v) Kt lun I =

g(t)dt

V d 4. Tnh I =
o 2

sin 2xdx . 2 sin2 x + cos2 x 5 = t = . 6 4

t t = 2 sin x + cos2 x = dt = sin 2xdx

x = 0 = t = 1; x =
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khi I =
1

dt = ln |t| t
8

5 4

5 = ln . 4
7

* Tnh I : t t =

I=
2

dt 1 t1 = ln 21 t 2 t+1

3t2 dt x2 + 1 = t3 = x2 + 1, khi : 3t2 dt = 2xdx = dx = . 2x i cn: x = 0 = t = 1; x = 7 = t = 2.

t t = Khi : 3

x3 dx x3 .3t2 dt = = 3t(t3 1)dt. 2 2xt 1+x

2

* Tnh J :

w .v

tdt x2 + 1 = t2 = x2 + 1 = 2tdt = 2xdx = dx = . x i cn x = 3 = t = 2; x = 8 = t = 3. tdt dt dx = 2 = 2 . xt t 1 x x2 + 1

3 2

1 3 ln . 2 2

ie t

V d 5. Tnh I =

dx ; x x2 + 1

J=

x3 dx . 3 1 + x2

5 4

I=3
1

(t4 t)dt = 3

t5 t2 5 2

t
2

sin 2xdx dt = . 2 t 2 sin x + cos2 x

h
=
1

14

s
141 . 10

.c o

Cc du hiu i bin dng ny tng t phn tch phn bt nh

bi tp
3

a) Tnh I =
6

cos xdx sin x 5 sin x + 6

2

b) Tnh I =
o

i bin t = cos x. p s: I =
2

5 5 + 3 ln 2 6

c) Tnh I =
1

1 + ln2 x dx. x 4 . 3

i bin t = ln x, p s: I =
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ln 2

Nhc li:

ie t

B1 : Bin i tch phn ban u v dng

b

2. Phng php tch phn tng phn:

I=

f (x)dx =
a

B2 : t

u = f1 (x) = dv = f2 (x)dx
b b

w .v

du v

B3 : Khi I = uv

vdu

1) La chn php t dv sao cho v c xc nh mt cch d dng.

b

2) Tch phn
a

3) Nh 4 dng c bn:
(i) I =

Ch : Khi s dng phng php tch phn tng phn tnh tch phn cn tun th cc qui tc sau:

vdu c xc nh mt cch d dng so vi I.

P (x) sin x (hoc

P (x) cos xdx) t u = P (x). 15

i bin t =

1 ex + 2. p s: I = ln (6 4 2)(5 + 2 6) . 2 2

t
b

d) Tnh I =

dx ex + 2

f1 (x).f2 (x)dx

.c o

sin3 xdx cos x + 2

3(6 3) . i bin t = sin x. p s: I = ln 5(4 3)

(ii) I =

eax cosbxdx (hoc

eax sin bxdx); a, b = 0.

t u = cos bx hay u = sin bx. (iii) I = (iv) I =

P (x)ex dx (hoc

P (x)ex dx) t u = P (x).

V d 1. Tnh I =
1

ln(1 + x) dx. x2 dx 1+x

ln(1 + x)

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V d 2. Tnh I =
1

(x ln x)2 dx. x3 2 I= ln x 3 = =

w .v

ie t

3 = ln 3 + 3 ln 2. 2

1 = ln 3 + ln 2 + 3

1 I = ln(x + 1) x

+
1 1 2

t
2

dx x(x + 1)

1 1 dx x x+1

h
e

dx 1 2 x x

1 3 1
2 1 2

e3 1 x ln xdx = 3 3
2 1 e

e3 1 x3 ln x 3 3 3
3 3

1 3
1

x2 dx

V d 3. Tnh I =

e 1 2e 1 7e3 1 + = . 3 3 9 9 27 27

cos x. ln(1 + cos x)dx

I = sin x. ln(1 + cos x)

2

+
o

sin2 x dx 1 + cos x
2

=
o

(1 cos x)dx = (x sin x)

16

s
x2 ln xdx =
o

.c o
. 2

x ln xdx; = 1; t u = ln x.

V d 4. Tnh I =
1 2

ln x dx. (x + 1)2

2
1 2

1 2

e1 + = e+1
1 2

1 1 )dx ( x x+1
2
1 2

e1 + (ln |x| ln |x + 1|) e+1

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a
1 2

V d 1. Tnh I =
1 2

cos x. ln

1x 1+x

dx.

Hm f (x) = cos x. ln

1x 1+x

lin tc trn [ , ] v

f (x) + f (x) = cos x ln

Vy f (x) l hm l, do I = 0. Ch : Khi gp dng tch phn ny thng ta ngh ngay ti phng php tch phn tng phn, tuy nhin cha phi l gii php tt. iu ny cho thy vic nhn nhn tnh cht cn v c tnh ca hm s di du tch phn t la chn phng php gii l rt quan trng. Tuy nhin khi lm bi thi nn trnh by nh sau:
1 2

w .v

1x 1+x + cos(x). ln 1+x 1x 1x 1+x = ln + ln cos x = ln 1. cos x = 0 1+x 1x = f (x) = f (x).

I=
1 2

cos x.

1x 1+x

ie t

1 1 2 2

1. f (x) lin tc v l hm l trn [a, a] th I =

f (x) dx = 0.

III. Mt s tch phn c bit.

h
dx +
0

cos(x). ln

s
1x 1+x dx.
i bin vo tch phn th nht: x = t = dx = dt

17

.c o
2e . e+1

ln x I= x+1

dx x(x + 1)

1 1 x = = t = ; x = 0 = t = 0. 2 2
o
1 2

I=
1 2

cos(t). ln
1 2

1+t 1t 1t 1+t

dt +
o
1 2

cosx. ln

1x 1+x 1x 1+x

dx

=
o

cos t. ln

dt +
o

cosx. ln

dx = 0.

2) Mt s dng tch phn su y tng t nh 1)

(i) Nu f (x) lin tc v chn trn on [a, a] th
a a

f (x) dx = 2
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a o

f (x) dx.

(ii) Nu f (x) lin tc v chn th:

f (x) dx = ax + 1 ] th: 2
2

(iii) Nu f (x) lin tc trn [0,

ie t

f (sin x) dx =
o

(iv) Nu f (x) lin tc v f (a + b x) = f (x) th

b b

w .v

a+b xf (x)dx = 2
a

(v) Nu f (x) lin tc trn [0, 1] th

xf (sin x) dx = 2

V d 2. Tnh I =
1

x4 dx . 2x + 1
o 1

Ta c

I=
1

x4 dx + 2x + 1
o

18

f (x) dx.

f (cos x) dx.

x4 dx . 2x + 1

h
f (x) dx. f (sin x) dx.

.c o

i bin x = t vo tch phn th nht,

o

x4 dx = 2x + 1
1

(t)4 dt = 2t + 1
o

t4 2t dt = 2t + 1
o

x4 2x dx . 2x + 1

I=
o
2

V d 3. Tnh I =
o

cosn x dx. cosn x + sinn x

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I=
o
2

=
o

do : 2I =
o

cos x + sin x dx = cosn x + sinn x

w .v

V d 4. Tnh I =

x sin xdx . 4 cos2 x

ie t

dx =

sin tdt = n t + sinn t cos

= I = . 2 4

I=
o

x sin xdx = 4 (1 sin2 x)

x sin xdx : c dng: 3 + sin2 x

o

t x = t = dx = dt; x = = t = 0; x = 0 = t = .

I=

( t) sin( t) dt = 4 cos2 ( t)
o

t
sinn x dx. cosn x + sinn x

cosn ( t)(dt) 2 cosn ( t) + sinn ( t) 2 2

xf (sin x) dx .

t t = x = dx = dt; x = 0 = t = ; x = = t = 0. 2 2 2

( t) sin tdt 4 cos2 t

=
o

sin tdt 4 cos2 t

o

t sin tdt = 4 cos2 t

o

= 2I =
o

d(cos t) = 4 cos2 t
o

d(cos t) cos2 t 4

= I =

2
o

d(cos tr) 1 cos t 2 = . ln 2t4 cos 2 4 cos t + 2 19

s
o

.c o
o

x4 2x dx + 2x + 1

x4 dx = 2x + 1

x4 (2x + 1) dx = 2x + 1

1 x4 dx = . 5

d(cos t) I 4 cos2 t

ln 9 . 8

Thay vo I:

V d 5. Tnh tch phn I =

o

ln

1 + sin x 1 + cos x

dx.

2 2

=
o

ln

1 + sin t 1 + cos t

dt = I.

Suy ra 2I = 0. Vy I = 0.
1

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V d 6. Tnh I =
1

x4 + sin x dx. x2 + 1
1

I=
1

Ta c:

1 1 2

ie t

I1 =

x4 dx = x2 + 1

x4 dx + x2 + 1

x4 1 + 1 dx = x2 + 1
1

sin x dx. x2 + 1
1

h
x2 1 +
1 1

s
1 x2 + 1 dx dx 4 = + x2 + 1 3
1

=
1

(x 1) dx +

dx . x2 + 1

4 Nh vy: I1 = + 3
1

4 o

w .v

. i bin vo tch phn th hai: x = tgt, t , 2 2 dt dx dx = = (1 + tg 2 t) dt; 2 = dt cos2 t x +1 x = 1 = t = ; x = 1 = t = . 4 4

4

dt =

4 . 2 3
1

I2 =
1

sin x dx = x2 + 1

sin x dx + x2 + 1
o

sin x dx. x2 + 1

i bin x = t vo tch phn th nht ta c

o 1

I2 =
1

sin(t) (dt) + (t)2 + 1

o 1 1

sin x dx x2 + 1

=
o

sin tdt + t2 + 1
o

sin x dx = 0. x2 + 1

20

.c o

I=

ln

1 + sin( 2 1 + cos( 2

t) (dt) = t)

ln

1 + cos t 1 + sin t

m
dt

t t = x = dx = dt. 2 i cn: x = 0 = t = ; x = = t = 0. khi 2 2

Vy: I =

4 . 2 3

Bi tp
Tnh cc tch phn 1) I =
o 2

x cos3 xdx

i bin x = 2 t; I = 2
o
4

cos3 tdt I = 2I = 0 = I = 0.

2) I =
o

ln(1 + tgxdx. x. p s: I = ln 2. 4 8 1 x2 dx 1 + 2x
1

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1 1

I=
1 1

1 x2 dx + 1 + 2x
o

1 x2 dx; i bin x = t vo tch phn th nht: 1 + 2x

Tnh cc tch phn sau:

2

1)
2

2)
1

sin2 x dx; 3x + 1

2
2

3)
1
2

ex sin x + e2 .x2 dx;

w .v

x + cos x dx; 4 sin2 x

x sin2x dx;

x2 .| sin x| dx; 1 + 2x
3 2

3 2 1

4)
o

sin4 x dx; cos4 x + sin4 x

(ex
1

5)
o

x sin xdx ; 3 + cos2 x

o

x sin xdx . 1 + cos2 x

ie t

1 x2 I= dx = 1 + 2x o o li i bin x = sin u; p s: I = . 4

2x 1 x2 dx + 1 + 2x

2 2 cos 2x dx.

dx . + 1)(x2 + 1)

21

1 x2 dx

3) I =

i bin t =

.c o

2x

Tch phn hm hu t
1. Phng php phn tch
Cng thc

Nh vy gp
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f (x) =
ta vit

Do

1 2

V d 1.Tnh I =
0

x2 dx. (1 x)2005

x3 [(x + b) b]3 (x + b)3 3b(x + b)2 + 3b2 (x + b) b3 = = . (x + b) (x + b) (x + b)

1 2

V d 2. Tnh I =
1 b

x3 . (x 1)10

b) I =
a

f (x)dx vi f (x) =

Xt ba trng hp

(i) b2 4ac < 0 : f(x) c dng

ax2 + bx + c = a x +

u2

1 + 2

(ii) b2 4ac = 0 :

b 2 ax2 + bx + c = a x + . 2a 1 f (x) c dng l trng hp a). b 2 a x+ 2a 22

w .v

M rng

ax2

1 . + bx + c

b 2 4ac b2 + . 2a 4a nn i bin u = tg t.

ie t

f (x) =

1 2b b2 1 + . a2 (ax + b)2 (ax + b)1 (ax + b)

x2 =

1 1 2 a2 x2 = 2 (ax + b) b 2 a a 1 = 2 (ax + b)2 2b(ax + b) + b2 . a

x2 (ax + b)

xdx x2 a dx 2 a2 x dx (x + a) dx (ax + b)

1 ln |x2 a| + C 2 xa 1 ln = +C 2a x+a 1 = +C (1 )(x + a)+1 1 1 = + C. a (1 )(ax + b)+1 =

.c o

(iii) b2 4ac > 0 :

ax2 + bx + c = a(x x1 )(x x2 ). 1 f (x) = . Phn tch thnh tng a(x x1 )(x x2 ) 1 1 = (x x1 )(x x2 ) x2 x1 1 1 x x2 x x1 .

Vit

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x2

d) f (x) =

f (x) = Q(x) +
1

V d. Tnh I =
0 2

2x3 10x2 + 16x 1 dx. x2 5x + 6

e) f (x) =

a1 x + b 1 x + c 1 . Ta xt cc trng hp (x )(ax2 + bx + c)

(i) b2 4ac > 0 : lc ax2 + bx + c = a(x x1 )(x x2 ) nn

f (x) =

vi A, B, C l cc hng s, xc nh c nh php ng nht. (ii) b2 4ac = 0 :

ax2 + bx + c = a(x x0 )2 nn f (x) = A B C + + x x x0 (x x0 )2

vi A, B, C l cc hng s xc nh c nh php ng nht.

1

V d. Tnh I =
0

(iii) b2 4ac < 0 :

w .v

a1 x 2 + b 1 x + c 1 A B C = + + (x )a(x x1 )(x x2 ) x x x1 x x2

(x2 + 2)dx . (x + 1)(x2 + 4x + 4) A x + + 2 x ax + bx + c

vi A, , l cc hng s c xc nh nh php ng nht.

ie t

f (x) =

23

P (x) : Chia a thc t cho mu c ax2 + bx + c ax2

x + . + bx + c

V d. Tnh

x1 dx. + 4x + 3

b (2ax + b) + . 2a a2 2ax + b b 1 f (x) = 2 + 2 . 2a ax + bx + c 2a ax + bx + c x + =

.c o

dx . 2 0 x x2 x + c) f (x) = . 2 + bx + c ax V d. Tnh

Tng qut:

f (x) =

P (x) . (x )(ax2 + bx + c) x2 + 2x 2 dx. x3 + 1 + b)2 .

2

Chia t cho mu ri a v trng hp trn.

1

V d. Tnh I =
0

f) f (x) =

1 (x + a)2 (x

= 1 nn
2

.c o

(x + a) (x + b) Ch . V ab f (x) =

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V d 1. Tnh I =
0
1 2

V d 2. Tnh I =
1

x3

Ch .

x3

Phng php i bin

1

V d 1. Tnh I =
6+ 10 2

1 2 +2 x 1 2 x 1 dx. V d 2. Tnh J = 1 x4 + 1 2 x 1 1 x 1 x2
2

x2 1 Ta c = x4 + 1

1 + x2 = Ta c 1 + x4

1+

1 x2

w .v

1 + x2 dx. 1 + x4

ie t

7x 4 1 2 2 = + . 2 3x + 2 (x 1) x1 x+2

. i bin t = x

. i bin t = x +

x+

Ch . C hai tch phn ny u khng i bin c nu khong ly tch phn cha im 0. Lc

y dng cng thc

x2 x 2 + 1 F (x) = ln x2 + x 2 + 1 24

7x 4 dx. 3x + 2

dx . (x + 3)2 (x + 1)2

1 . x

1 . x

(x + a) (x + b) 1 1 1 = 2 x+b (a b)(x + a)(x + b) (a b) xa 1 1 2 1 + = (a b)2 (x + b)2 (x + a)2 (x + a)(x + b) 1 1 1 1 1 1 = + . 2 (x + b)2 2 (a b) (x + a) x+a x+b ba

m
2

 2 2(x2 1) l nguyn hm ca f (x) = . Cn x4 + 1 f (x) =

1

1 + x2 1 = 4 1+x 2

1 1 + x2 x 2 + 1 x2 + x 2 + 1

V d 3. Tnh I =
0

1 + x4 dx. 1 + x6

1 x2 x4 x2 + 1 + x2 1 + x4 = 2 + 6 . = 1 + x6 (1 + x2 )(x4 x2 + 1) x +1 x +1
1

+ i bin x = tg t vo tch phn

0

x2
1

1 dx. +1

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1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0

Tnh cc tch phn sau dx 2x2 x x2 + 3x + 10 dx x2 + 2x + 9

Bi tp

t
3 0 1 0

h
x3 dx x2 + 2x + 1 x dx. (1 + 3x)3
1 0 1 0

+ i bin x3 = tg t vo tch phn

x2 dx. x6 + 1

ie t

w .v

dx x4 + 4x2 + 3 x3 + 2x2 + 10x + 1 dx x2 + 2x + 9 3 dx 1 + x3

s
x dx (1 + 2x)3 4x + 11 dx 2 + 5x + 6 x
3 0

Tch phn hm v t

1. S dng cc nguyn hm c bn xdx x2 a dx x2 a x2 a = x2 a + C x2 a| + C

= ln |x + =

x 2 a x a + ln |x + x2 a| + C. 2 2 25

.c o
3x2 + 2 dx. x2 + 1

Ta c

V d 1.
3

I=
2

dx = 2x1 x

3 2

dx x
3 1 2 5 4 2

I=
2

(x2 + 1)dx = x x4 + 1 = ln = ln

e 2

x2 + 1 x2 x2 +
1 x2

dx =
e

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V d 3.
1

I=
0

xdx 1 + x2 + (1 + x2 )3

1 1 3 + e2 + 2 ln + e e 2

s
=2
0 1 1 0

1 x + x

1 2 +2 x x

1 + x2

i bin i cn

t=

I=
1

tdt = t 1+t

ie t

1 + x2 = t2 = 1 + x2 = tdt = xdx. x = 0 = t = 1, x = 1 = t = 2.
2

.c o
e

V d 2.

d x x

11 . 4

xdx 1+

dt = 2 1+t 1+t

1+

m
1 x 1 2 +2 x

1 = ln x + x2 x 1 2 5+2 5 = ln . 5

= ln
2

5 3 + 5 ln + 1 2 2

1 + x2

2 .

Bi tp lm thm Tnh cc tch phn sau

2 2

w .v

I=
0

x x2 + 1dx

J=

x2

dx . +x+1

2. Dng lng lin hip trc cn mu

V d 4. Tnh I = I=

w
1

dx . x+1+ x x+1 x dx =
3 3 2 (x + 1) 2 x 2 3

4 = ( 2 1). 3

V d 5. Tnh I =
2 6

x2 dx. x+2 x2 dx = x2 4
6

I=
2

xdx 2 x2 4
6 2

dx x2 4

x2 4 2 ln |x +

x2 4| 26

= 4 2 2 ln(3 + 2 2).

Bi tp lm thm Tnh cc tch phn sau

0

I=
1

dx 4x x+2

I=
2

x1 dx. x+1

3. Phng php i bin

Cc du hiu i bin nh tch phn bt nh
1 2

V d 6. Tnh I =
0

x3 dx . 1 x2

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I=
0

sin3 tdt

sin3 t cos tdt = cos t

6

s
6

C1. t x = sin t = dx = cos tdt, x 0,

1 = t 0, . 2 6

C2. t t =

1 x2 = t2 = 1 x2 = tdt = xdx.

ie t

3 2

3 1 (3 sin t sin 3t) = cos t + cos 3t 4 12 0 3 3 1 = 1 . 4 2 12

1 = 4

.c o
0

I=
1

(1 t2 )(tdt) = t

1
3 2

(t2 1)dt =

1 3 t t 3

m
1

3 2

y ch gii thiu C1 v C2, cn kim tra cng thc ri dng cch 3.

3

V d 7. Tnh I =
0

C1. i bin x = tg t.

w .v
1 + x2 dx.
3

I=

dt = cos3 t

cos tdt = cos4 t

cos tdt . (1 sin2 t)2

Tip tc i bin u = sin t, ta c

3 2

I=
0

du 1 = 2 (u 1)2 (u + 1) 4

u+1 2u ln 1 u1 u 1 3 + 2]. t2 1 2t

3 2

.
0

C2. i bin t = x +

1 + x2 , x [0,

3] = t [1,

tx= =

1 + x2 = t x2 = 1 + x2 = x = t2 + 1 . 2t 27

1 + x2 =

 x x + 1 + x2 2t2 dt = 1 + dx = dx dx = 2 t +1 1 + x2 1 + x2 t2 + 1 = dx = dt. 2t2

.c o
3

1 I= 4

3+2

2 1 1 t2 1 t + + 3 dt = + 2 ln |t| 2 t t 4 2 2t

m
1

1 + x2 dx =

t2 + 1 t2 + 1 1 dt = 2 2t 2t 4

t+

2 1 + 3 t t

dt.

3+2

C3. Tch phn tng phn, ta c

s
t3 3

I=

x 2 1 x + 1 + ln |x + x2 + 1| 2 2

h
0 1

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Ch . Ch yu l cch 2: t t = x +
1

1 + x2 c th dng cho

0 1

(1 + x)5

Vit li I =
0

ie t

i bin t =

1x 1 t2 4tdt = x = = dx = . 2 1+x 1+t (1 + t2 )2

0

I=
1

1 + t2 2

dx 1x . 1 + x (1 + x2 )

V d 8. Tnh I =

1x

dx.

t
4tdt = (1 + t2 )2 t2 dt =

dx . 1 + x2

0 1

1 = . 3 ax + b . Ngoi ra cx + d

ax + b th i bin t = Ch . Nu biu thc di du tch phn c cha n cx + d v d 8 c cha 1 x2 v 1 + x2 nn c th i bin x = cos 2t.
7 3

w .v

V d 9. Tnh I =
i bin t =

3x + 1 = t3 = 3x + 1 = 3t2 dt = 3dx.

(x + 1)dx . 3 3x + 1

1 I= 3

(t4 + 2t)dt =
1

46 . 15

V d 10. Tnh I =
0

x2 x3 + 1dx. 52 . 9

C th i bin t = x3 hay t = x3 + 1. p s I =
16

V d 11. Tnh I =
4

xdx . x2 4 x 28

i bin t =

12

x t12 = x = 12t11 dt = dx.

3 2

I=
1

12 t17 dt = 12 t8 t3

t9 + t4 +
1 3 2

t4 dt t5 1

V d 12. Tnh I =
0

dx (x + 1)(x + 8) x + 8 = dt = = 2dt . Vy t
3+ 2

i bin t = Suy ra
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x+1+ dx

(x + 1)(x + 8)

I=
3

1+2 2

2 3

Vit li

I=
2

dx (x 1)(4 x)

ie t

3.

V d 13. Tnh I =

dx (4 + 5x x2 )3

Ta tm nguyn hm

x = a + (b a) sin2 t, 0 t

x = 1 + 3 sin2 t = dx = 2 sin 2tdt.

w .v

dx

dt = 2 ln |t| t

3+ 2 . = 2 ln 1+2 2 1+2 2
3+ 2

. 2

(x 1)(4 x)
Suy ra nguyn hm l

3 sin 2tdt

(3 sin2 t 3 cos2 t)3

5 2x 1 . cotg 2t = 9 2 (x 1)(4 x)
3

Vy

dx . 2 1 x x +1 1 dt i bin x = = dx = 2 . t t

V d 14. Tnh I =

dt 1 dt t2 I= = = ln |t + t2 + 1| 1 1 + t2 1 1 1 2 +1 t t2 5 2+2 2 1 . = ln(1 + 2) ln + = ln 2 2 1+ 5
1 2

I=

1 = .r 2 2 (x 1)(4 x) 2
2

2x 5

1 1 + 2 x+1 2 x+8

3 sin 2tdt dt 1 = . 3 sin3 2t 9 sin2 2t 3

.c o
dx
1
1 2

Ch . Nu biu thc di du tch phn c cha s chung nh nht ca n, m, . . . , r.

x,

x, . . . ,

t10 t5 1 = 12 + + ln |t5 + 1| 10 5 5

.
1

x th i bin t =

x vi l l bi

29

Ch . Gp

dx 1 th t x + = . t (x + ) ax2 + bx + c
1

V d 15. Tnh I =
1

dx . 1 + x + 1 + x2

1 + x2 = t

t2 1 t2 + 1 = . 2t 2t dx =

4t2 2(t2 1) 2t2 + 2 t2 + 1 dt = dt = . 4t2 4t2 2t2

21

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Phn tch

A = 1 t +1 A B C = 2+ + = B = 1 . t2 (t + 1) t t t+1 C =2
2

Vy

1 I= 2

2+1

(t2 + 1)dt . t2 (t + 1)

.c o
2+1

1 I= 2

2+1

Bi tp

Tnh cc tch phn sau

1

ie t

21

1 1 2 1 1 + dt = ln |t| + 2 ln |t + 1| 2 t t t+1 2 t

i bin t = x +

1 + x2 = t x =

1 + x2 = (t x)2 = 1 + x2 = x =

t2 1 = 2t

= 1.
21

x
0 1
1 2

1+
2

x2 dx

3 x3 1 + x2 dx

w .v

0 4 7

1x dx x2
3

dx x x2 + 9 dx 2+x+1 dx . x 1 + x3

0 2 1

x5 + 2x3 dx x2 + 1 dx

2 7 2 1

(x + 1)(x + 2)

x ln(x + x2 + 1) V d 16. Tnh I = dx. x2 + 1 0 u = ln(x + x2 + 1) du = dx 2 t = xdx x + 1 dv = v = x2 + 1. x2 + 1 p s: I = 2 ln 3 3.

V d 17. Tnh I =
0

x2 + x dx. x2 + 1 30

C1.

I=

du = dx v = x2 + 1.
1 1 0

I = (x + 1)

x2

+1
0

x2 + 1dx

.c o
1 0 1

=x+1 C2. t xdx = dv = x2 + 1

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V d 18. Tnh I =
1

C1. Tch phn tng phn

= x2

xdx = dv = x2 + 1 I = x2 x2 + 1
1

du = 2xdx v = x2 + 1. 2 2x x2 + 1dx = (x2 + 1) x2 + 1 3 1

1

w .v

ie t

x3 dx . x2 + 1

x 2 1 x + 1 + ln |x + x2 + 1| =2 21 2 2 3 2 1 = ln |1 + 2| 1. 2 2

m
= 0.
1

x2 + 1 + x 1 dx x2 + 1 0 1 1 2x = dx x2 + 1 + 2+1 2+1 2 x x 0 3 2 1 ln |1 + 2| 1. = = 2 2

C2. Hm di du tch phn l hm l. I = 0.

1

V d 18. Tnh I =
Trc cn mu

w
0

x3 dx. x + x2 + 1 x3 (x x2 + 1) dx = 1

1 0

1 0

I=

x3 x2 + 1dx
0 x2 +1

x4 dx.

i bin t=

p s

2 21 I= . 15

V d 18. Tnh I =
2 3

dx . x x2 1 31

* i bin t =

x2 1 = dt =

dx dt xdx , = 2 . t +1 x2 1 x x2 1 . 12

Tip tc i bin, cui cng c I = * C th i bin x =

Tch phn hm lng gic

1. Php phn tch a v cc dng nguyn hm c bn
4

V d 1. Tnh I =
0

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C1. Ta c

I=

2
0
4

2
0

C2.

w .v

dx I= 2 = 2 0 cos x(sin x + cos x) 4 = 2 ln | tg x + 1| = 2 ln 2.

0
4

ie t

cos 4 = 1= cos 4 cos

x+ x 4 = 2 cos x + x . 4 2 2 cos x + cos x + sin x + sin x 4 4 dx cos x sin x + 4 cos x + 4 sin x 4 dx = 2 ln 2. dx + 2 0 cos x sin x + 4

h
0

cos x sin x +

. ) 4

s
4

dx

pi 4

* Dng ng nht:

Vit li

I=

cos xdx . sin x + cos x

V d 2.Tnh I =

dx . 1 + tg x

a = 1 2 cos x = a(sin x + cos x) + b(cos x sin x) = b = 1 . 2 1 I= 2

4

1+
0

cos x sin x 1 dx = + ln 2. sin x + cos x 8 4 32

.c o
cos2 dx x(1 + tg x)

1 ngay t u. cos t

* C th s dng hm ph.
2

Bi tp. Tnh I =
0
3

4 sin x dx. (sin x + cos x)3 sin2 x dx. cos6 x

3

V d 3. Tnh I =
6

I=
6

42 3 8 . i bin t = tg x ta c I = 15
4 3

s
dx
4 3

V d 4. Tnh I =

dx x , sin 2

1 2

J=

dx . 1 + cos x
4 3

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1 2

Bi tp. Tnh I =
6

tg2 x + cotg2 x 2dx.

V d 4. Tnh I =
0

w .v

1 + sin xdx.

ie t

J=

x x = tg 2 2 cos2 2

dx

1 = tg . 4 0

1 2

I=
0

sin

= =

2 2

x 2 x + cos = 2 2 x sin + dx 2 4 sin x + dx 2 4

1 dx I= x =2 x 2 sin cos 4 4 3 x 4 = 2 ln tg = ln 3. 4

4 3

tg

t
2

x =2 x cos2 4 4

sin
0

x x + cos dx 2 2

3 2

sin
3 2

2. Phng php i bin

Cc du hiu i bin: (i) L theo sin x, t t = cos x. (ii) L theo cos x, t t = sin x.

x + dx = 4 2. 2 4

33

.c o

1 tg x dx = cos4 x
2

tg2 x(1 + tg2 x)

dx . cos2 x

x d tg 4 x tg 4

(iii) Chn theo sin x v cos x, t t = tg x (hoc t = cotg x). Ngoi ra mi tch phn u c th t t = tg

x . 2
4

V d 6. Tnh I =
0

* Tnh I : i bin t = sin x = dt = cos xdx.

1

I=
0
4

* Tnh J : J = 2
0

2 sin 2x cos 2x dx. 3 + cos 2x

i bin t = cos 2x = dt = 2 sin 2xdx

0

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Bi tp. Tnh I =
2
4

2 sin x cos xdx , (2 + sin x)2 cos x + sin x dx. 3 + sin 2x

J=

1 tdt t+33 J = =2 dt t+3 1 1 t+3 0 1 4 3 + 6 ln . = 2(t 3 ln |t + 3|) = 15 4 0

3

0
4

Vit li I =
0

cos x + sin x

4 (sin x cos x)2

w .v

i bin t = sin x cos x, ta c I =

ie t

V d 7. Tnh I =

dx.

dt . 4 t2
0

t
4
2

dx . sin x cos x

h
6 1

2tdt = 2 3+t

Tip tc i bin t = 2 sin u = dt = 2 cos udu. Ta c I =

V d 8. Tnh
2

I=

dx , 1 + cos x + sin x

J=
0

sin x + 7 cos x + 6 dx. 4 sin x + 3 cos x + 5

Tnh I : t t = tg

1 x dt , ta c I = = ln |t + 1| = ln 2. 2 0 t+1 0 x Tnh J : t t = tg . 2 2 3 sin x + 4 cos x Bi tp. Tnh I = dx. 2 2 0 3 sin x + 4 cos x

Gi : Tch ra ri i bin.
2

V d 9. Tnh I =
0

sin2xdx a2 sin2 x + b2 cos2 x

. 34

.c o
du = . 6

(1 t2 )t2 dt =

2 . 15

cos3 x sin2 xdx , 2

J=
0

sin 4x dx. 1 + cos2 x

sin 2xdx 1 = . |a| 4|a| 0 (ii) a = b : i bin t = a2 sin2 x + b2 cos2 x, ta c

(i) a = b :

I=

I=

3. Tch phn tng phn P (x) sin xdx eax cos(bx)dx

2

P (x) cos xdx

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Bi tp. Tnh I =
0 1

(2x 1) cos2 xdx.

0 1

V d 10. Tnh I

x tg2 dx. I=
0

t m
x 1 1 dx = cos2 x
1 0

h
xdx cos2 x
1

s
0

eax sin(bx)dx, a, b = 0.

Tch phn tng phn vo tch phn th nht, ta c I1 = tg 1 + ln(cos 1). Tch phn th hai I2 =

1 . 2

Vy I = tg 1 + ln(cos 1) .
3

Bi tp. Tnh I =
0

4. Dng hm ph
2

V d 11. Tnh I =
2

Xt J =

sin2 x cos2 2xdx. Ta c 1 I +J = 2

0
2

cos2 x cos2 2xdx.

w .v

1 2 x + sin x dx. cos2 x

ie t

3 1 (S: + ln + 1). 2 2

(1 + cos 4x)dx =
0
2

4 (cos 6x + 3 cos 2x)dx = 0.

I J =
Vy I =

1 cos 2xdx = 4
3

. 8

Ch . 35

.c o
xdx.

2 a2 b 2

|a|

dt =
|b|

2(|a| |b|) . a2 b 2

(i) C th bin i lng gic:

1 cos2 x cos2 2x = (1 + cos 2x)(1 + cos 4x) 4 1 = (2 + 3 cos 2x + 2 cos 4x + cos 6x). 8
(ii) i bin t =

x ta c I = J. Tnh I + J ta s suy ra c I . 2

Bi tp. Tnh I =
0

x cos4 x sin3 xdx.

2

(S:

2 ). 35

V d 12. Tnh I =
0

sinn x dx. sinn x + cosn x

i bin t =
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V d 13. Tnh I =
0

esin

sin x cos3 xdx.

t t = sin x.
1

Hm v t:

I=
0

x2 + 1dx.
4

(i) i bin x = tg t
0

cos tdt u=sin t 2 2 (1 sin t)

(ii) i bin t = x +

x2 + 1.

(iii) Tch phn tng phn:

u = x2 + 1 dv = dx.

Tch phn cc hm siu vit

V d 1. Tnh I =

1. S dng nguyn hm c bn
2

ex

w .v

dx . ex
2 2 ex dx d(ex ) 1 ex 1 = = ln x 2x 1 e2x 1 2 e +1 1 e 2 e 1 e1 1 (e + 1)2 ln 2 ln = ln 2 . e +1 e+1 2 e +1 2 1

I=
1

1 = 2
1

Bi tp. Tnh I =
0

ex

dx . + ex 36

ie t

t
2 2

h
du . (u + 1)2 (u 1)2

x. 2

.c o

V d 2. Gi In =
0

enx dx. Tnh S = In + In1 . 1 + ex

1

S=

2. Phng php phn tch

1

V d 3. Tnh I =
0

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Bi tp. Tnh cc tch phn sau

1 0

ie t

dx ; 2x + 3 e

1 x 1 e + 1 ex 1 dx 1 = dx = dx x I= x (ex + 1) x (ex + 1) x e e +1 0 e 0 0 e 1 1 1 ex + 1 ex ex = dx = ex 1 + x dx ex ex + 1 e +1 0 0 1 e1 x x e1 . = e x + ln(e + 1) = ln 2 0 1

dx ; x+1 e

ln 2 0

e2x

dx . + ex

dx ; 5 + ex

3. i bin
1

V d 4. Tnh I =
0

(1 + ex )2 dx. ex
e

i bin t = ex , ta c I =
e

V d 5. Tnh I =

i bin t = ln x = dt =

w .v

(1 + t)2 1 dt = e + 2. 2 t e

2 + ln x dx. 2x dx . Ta c x
1

I=
0

2+t 3 32 2 dt = . 2 3

ln 3

V d 6. Tnh I =
0

dx . ex + 1 37

.c o
ln 2 0

1 (n1)x x e(n1)x e (e + 1) dx = dx x 1 + ex 0 0 1+e 0 1 1 e(1n)x e1n 1 (n1)x e dx = . = = 1n 0 1n 0

enx dx + 1 + ex

1 ex . 1 + ex

i bin t =

1 + ex = t2 = 1 + ex = 2tdt = ex dx.
2

I=2

t1 dt = ln 21 t t+1

2 2

= ln 3(3 2 2).

I=
0

1 tdt = t2 2

ln 3

=
0

ln2 3 . 2

Bi tp. Tnh cc tch phn sau

1

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ln(x +
2 ln 2 0 2

x2 + 1)dx;

0 e 0 e 1

t
1 0 2

(1 + e ) dx 1 + e2x ln x
3

x 2

e2x dx ; ex + 1

ex dx ; ex + 1

s
1 0

2 + ln x dx. x

4. Tch phn tng phn

1

V d 8. Tnh I =
0

x ln(1 + x2 )dx.

du = 2xdx u = ln(1 + x2 ) 1 + x2 = x2 dv = xdx v = . 2 I= = x2 ln(1 + x2 ) 2

1 1 0 1 0

w .v

ie t

x3 dx ln 2 = 2 1+x 2

.c o
(1 + ex )2 dx; ex 0 ln 2 ex 1dx
0 1

i bin t = ln

2+x dx = dt = . 2x 4 x2

x(x2 + 1) x dx x2 + 1
1 0

ln 2 2

x
0

x ln 2 x 1 dx = ln(1 + x2 ) 2 1+x 2 2 2

Bi tp. Tnh cc tch phn

2 1

1 = ln 2 . 2

xe2x dx;
0 1 0

x2 ex dx;

x2 ln(2x + 1)dx.

V d 9. Tnh I =
0

e2x+e dx. 38

V d 7. Tnh I =

1 2+x dx. ln 4 x2 2 x

Vit li I =
0

ex ee ex dx. i bin t = ex = dt = ex dx. Ta c

e e e

I=
1

te dt = te

t 1

et dt = ee+1 ee .

Bi tp. Tnh cc tch phn

2

V d 10. Tnh I =
1

ln

1 + ln2 x dx. x 1 2
1

i bin t = ln x, ta c I =
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ln(1 + t2 )dt.
0

1 I= t ln(1 + t2 ) 2 3 0 = ln 3 2 3 3
1 2 0 1

1 0

t2 dt 1 + t2

t
1 1

2tdt 2 u = ln(1 + t ) du = 1 + t2 v dv = dt = t.

ie t

t +11 ln 3 2 dt = 2+1 t 3 3
1 0

h
dt +
0 1 0 0

s
dt 1 + t2 dt . 1 + t2
1 1

2 ln 3 2 t + = 3 3 0 3

dt ln 3 2 2 = + 1 + t2 3 3 ln 3 2 2 + . 3 3 4

i bin t = tg u, cui cng ta c I =

1

V d 11. Tnh I =
1 1

x4 + sin x dx. x2 + 1

w .v

Hng dn: I =
1

x4 + sin x dx = x2 + 1

1 1

x4 dx + x2 + 1

sin x . x2 + 1

=0 do hm l

1. Tch phn tng phn

1

Tch phn truy hi

V d 1. Cho In =
0

xn 1 xdx.

a) Thit lp h thc lin h gia In v In1 . b) Tnh In . 39

.c o
0

sin2 x

sin x cos xdx;

ex cos xdx.

a) t

du = nxn1 dx u =x = 2 v dv = 1 xdx = (1 x)3 . 3

n 1 2 2n 1 n1 3 + x (1 x) 1 xdx In = x (1 x) 3 3 0 0 1 1 2n xn1 1 xdx xn 1 xdx = 3 0 0 2n = (In1 In ). 3

Vy

In =

2n In1 2n + 3

(1).

b) T (1) ta c

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b) Tnh In .
n

In = = = =

1 cosn1 x sin x sin nxdx sin nx cosn x + n 0 0 1 cosn1 x cos(n 1)x cos(n + 1)x dx 2 0 1 cosn1 x cos(n 1)xdx cosn1 x cos(n + 1)xdx 2 0 0 In1 . 2

w .v

a) t

du = n cosn1 x sin xdx u = cos x = 1 v dv = cos nxdx = sin nx. n

ie t

a) Thit lp h thc lin h gia In v In1 .

V d 2. Cho In =

cosn x cos nxdx.

2 2n n! 1x 5 7 (2n + 3) 3

3 2

t
1 0

h
2n+1 n! . 3 5 7 (2n + 3)

In =

2n 2(n 1) 2(n 2) 2 I0 2n + 3 2n + 1 2n 1 5 1 2n n! = 1 xdx 5 7 (2n + 3) 0

.c o

(1)

b) T (1) ta c In =

1 1 1 1 I0 = n 2 2 2 2 n x sin xdx. 2

dx =
0

. 2n

V d 3. Cho In =
0

a) Thit lp h thc lin h gia In v In2 . b) Tnh I2 , I3 . 40

Tch phn tng phn hai ln. t

u = xn = dv = sin xdx
n
2 2

du = nxn1 dx ta c v = cos x xn1 cos xdx.

In = x cos x
0

+n
0

Tip theo, t

u = xn1 = dv = cos xdx In = n x =n

1 n1

du = (n 1)xn2 dx v = sin x.
2

sin x
0

(n 1)
0

xn2 sin xdx 2

n1

n1

(n 1)In2 = n

n(n 1)In2 .

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b) Tnh In .
4

V d 4. Cho tch phn In =

0

tg2n xdx, n Z+ .

a) Chng minh In In+1 .

c) Chng minh a) 0 x
4

1 1 In . 2(2n + 1) 2(2n 1)

=
0

tg

2(n+1)

xdx

b) Vit In li:

w .v

= 0 tg x 1 = tg2(n+1) x tg2n x 4
4

tg2n xdx = In+1 In , n Z+ .

ie t

b) Lp h thc lin h gia In v In1 .

In = =

tg tg

2n2

x tg xdx =
0

tg2n2 x
2n2

t
1 1 dx cos2 x
4

a) Thit lp h thc lin h gia In v In1 .

2n2

xd(tg x)
0

tg

tg2n1 x xdx = 2n 1

h
In1
0

Bi tp. Cho In =

(1 x2 )n dx.

1 In1 . 2n 1

c) Kt qu a) chng t dy In gim.

2In = In + In 2In = In + In

In + In1 In + In+1

1 2n 1 1 = 2n + 1 = 41

1 2(2n 1) 1 = In . 2(2n + 1) = In

.c o

T y suy ra

1 1 In . 2(2n + 1) 2(2n 1) 5 2
3 2

V d 5. Chng minh
Xt f (x) =

9 2 x2 dx . 4 x2 1

x [2, 3]. Ta c x(x2 2) (x2 1) 2

3

f (x) =
Vy

> 0,

x [2, 3].

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V d 6. Chng minh
Xt hm

2 e2

2 0

2 exx dx 2 4 e.

y = x x2 ,

x [0, 2].

1 = 2 y , 4

x [0, 2] = = pcm.
x

a) Tnh I(x) khi x = ln 2.

b) Gii v bin lun phng trnh I(x) = m.

1 2t 1 2t Ta c I(x) = e e 2 2
a) Vi x = ln 2 ta c

I(ln 2) =

b) t t = e2x > 0. Gii ra t = m +

w .v

V d 7. Cho tch phn I(x) =

(e2t + e2t )dt.

1 1 = e2x e2x . 2 2 0 15 . 8 1 + m2 . Vy vi mi m phng trnh c nghim duy nht

x = ln

m+

1 + m2 .

ng dng tch phn

1. Din tch hnh phng 42

ie t

Ta c y = 1 2x.

4 9 x2 f (2) f (x) f (3) = x2 1 3 2 2 3 3 9 4 f (x)dx dx = 3 2 2 2 2 3 2 5 x dx 9 2 = . 2 4 x2 1 2

.c o
3

m
dx
2

x2 ; x2 1

a) Gii hn bi mt ng:

y = f (x) Ox D: x=a x = b.
b a

b) Gii hn bi mt ng v trc Ox:

D:

y = f (x) (C) Ox.

Tm honh giao im ca (C) v Ox. Gi s cc honh giao im l x1 , . . . , xn . Khi

xn

x1

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c) Gii hn bi hai ng:

SD2 = V d 1.

w .v

ie t

y = f (x) (C1 ) th tm honh giao im ca (C1 ) v (C2 ). Gi s cc honh y = g(x) (C2 ) giao im l x1 < < xn . Khi
Nu D2 :
xn

x1

y = f (x) (C1 ) y = g(x) (C ) 2 th SD1 = Nu D1 : x=a x=b

|f (x) g(x)|dx.
a

|f (x) g(x)|dx.

y = sin2 x cos3 x y = 0 a) D1 : x = 0 x = 2
2

SD1 =

|sin2 x cos3 x|dx ch cos x 0, x 0, sin x cos xdx =

2 3
2

0
2

=
0

0
2

2 1 + cos 2x 3 cos x cos 3x dx 2 4

1 8 1 = 8 =

(3 cos 2x cos x cos 3x + 3 cos x cos 2x cos 3x)dx 1 1 cos 3x cos 5x + 4 cos x dx 2 2
2

0
2

1 1 1 = sin 3x sin 5x + 4 sin x 8 6 10 43

t
x = 1 x = e b) D2 : y = 0 y = ln x . 2 x =
0

h
7 (vdt). 15

SD =

|f (x)|dx.

.c o

SD =

|f (x)|dx.

SD2 =
1

ln x dx = 2 x
e e

x ln x
1

= ln x t dx dv = 1 2 x e x dx = ( x ln x 2 x) = 2 e (vdt). x 1
e

ln xdx 2 x

b) D :

sin3 x + cos3 x y = 0.

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SD = x 6 x 4

V d 4.

1 1 = 0 < sin x cos x = 0. 2 4 sin x cos2 x 1 1 = 0 < cos x sin x = 0. 2 3 sin x cos2 x 4 3 1 1 1 1 8 SD = dx + dx = 4. 2 2 2x 2x cos sin x cos sin x 3 6 4 y = 2x D : y =3x x = 0.

w .v

ie t

(C) . Tnh SD bit D : y = 0 x = 0, x = 1 y = 1 sin2 x V d 3. Tnh SD bit D : y = 1 cos2 x x = , x = . 6 3

1 1 dx. 2 sin x cos2 x

S=
0

(3 x 2x )dx =

Bi tp. Tnh din tch cc min sau: y = 1 2 sin2 3x 2 12x D : y =1+ x = 0, x = 2 44

t
5 2 . 2 ln 2 y = ex D : y = ex x = 1.

c) Kho st v v th hm s

y=

x2 + 3x + 1 x+1

(C).

.c o

Bi tp. Tnh din tch cc min y = x2 2x x = 1 a) D : x = 2 y=0

V d 5. Tnh din tch min D :

3

y = x2 2x y = x2 + 4x. (x2 + 4x x2 + 2x)dx = 9 (vdt).

S=
0

V d 6. Tnh din tch min D :

y 2 2y + x = 0 x + y = 0. y=0 y = 3.

Phng trnh tung giao im: y 2 2y = y

0

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V d 7. Tnh din tch min D :

Phng trnh honh giao im:

|x2 4x + 3| = 3 x

t
x=0 x = 2 x = 3. S= 13 . 6 y = ax2 (a > 0) y = ax + 2a.

y = |x2 4x + 3| y = 3 x.

7 5 S = S1 + S2 + S3 vi S1 = , S2 = , 6 6 Bi tp. Tnh din tch cc min sau: D: y=x x = y 2 y = |x2 1| y = |x| + 5

2

w .v

ie t

3x0 (x2 4x + 3 + 3 x)(x2 4x + 3 3 + x) = 0

1 S3 = . Vy 6

y = x2 + 3 x 3 D: 2 2 y = |x| D: 45

D:

S=

9 | y 2 + 2y + y|dy = . 2

.c o

d) Gii hn bi ba ng:

y = f (x) D : y = g(x) y = h(x).

Tm giao im ca tng cp ng ri suy ra din tch min cn tm.

V d 8. Tnh din tch min

x2 =

x2 x = 0, 27
3

x2 = x2
0

27 x = 3, x x2 dx + 27
9 3

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e) Din tch hnh gii hn bi cc ng bc hai.

V d 10. Tnh din tch hnh Elip

1. Tnh din tch min D :

w .v

x2 y 2 + 2 = 1. a2 b V d 11. Tnh t s din tch hai hnh phng gii hn bi cc ng (P ) : y 2 = 2x v (C) : x2 + y 2 = 8. 3 + 2 . S: 9 2 Bi tp. (P ) : y 2 = 2px (C) : 27py 2 = 8(x p)3 . x2 y 2 x2 y 2 + 2 = 1, 2 + 2 = 1. a2 b b a

2. Tnh din tch phn chung ca hai elip: 3. Tnh t s din tch cc min D1 : (P ) : y = 2x (C) : x2 + y 2 = 24
2

ie t

V d 9. Tnh din tch hnh gii hn bi ng trn (C) : (x 1)2 + y 2 = 1 v ng thng (d) : y = x. Tnh t s din tch hai phn.

V d 12. Xt hnh gii hn bi (P ) : y = x2 v ng thng i qua A(1, 4) c h s gc k. Xc nh k S nh nht. 46

Bi tp. Tnh din tch cc min: y = x2 x2 D: y= D: 8 y=8

y = x2 + 4x 3 (C) Hai tip tuyn ca (C) ti A(0, 3), B(3, 0).

(P ) : y 2 = 2x 2 D2 : (E) : x + y 2 = 1. 2

S = S1 + S2 =

27 x2 dx = 27 ln 3. x 27

.c o

y = x2 x2 D: y= 27 y = 27 . x

x2 27 = x = 9. 27 x

(P ) (d) = {B, C}. Khi xB , xC l hai nghim ca phng trnh x2 xB + xC = k kx + k 4. Vy ta c xB xC = k 4. (d) : k(x 1) + 4,
C x3 kx2 S= (k 4)x (kx k + 4 x )dx = 2 3 xB xB 3 1 k = (xC xB )2 (k 4)(xC xB ) (x3 x3 ) = (k 2 4k + 16) 2 . B C 2 3

xC

(S nh nht) (k 2 4k + 16 nh nht ) k = 2. Vy Smin = 24 3 khi k = 2.

2. Th tch

Tnh th tch khi trn xoay sinh ra do cc min sau y quay quanh Ox.
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1. D = y = tg x, x = 0, x =

,y = 0 . 3

2. D = {y = x ln x, y = 0, x = 1, x = e}. 3. G = {y = 4 x2 , y = x2 + 2}. 4. D = y= 1 x2 ,y = . x2 + 1 2

5. Hnh trn x2 + (y 2)2 1.

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