Stress-strain graph of steel

4.3. What is therange line OAof material How1. Name value of youngs 2. Name stress at yield point to know the ductility based on graph modulus for steel

About graph
(A) For a short period beyond the point O, the material may still be elastic in the sense that the deformations are completely recovered when the load is removed. The limiting point A is termed as Elastic Limit . (B) - There will be permanent deformation or permanent set when load is removed. These two points are termed as upper and lower yield points respectively. The stress at the yield point is called the yield strength (C) The maximum load which the specimen can with stand without failure is called the load at the ultimate strength su = Stress which the specimen can with stand without failure & is known as Ultimate Strength or Tensile Strength. su is equal to load at C divided by the original cross-sectional area of the bar. (D) Beyond point C, the bar begins to forms neck. The load falling from the maximum until fracture occurs at D.

Youngs Modulus or Modulus of Elasticity

Where E = Young's modulus [Nm-2] F = applied load [N] A = cross-sectional area [m2] x = extension [m] L = original length [m] Steel 210000000000 Nm-2

The line 0A in the Stress-Strain curve indicates the range of elastic deformation removal of the load at any point of this part of the curve results in return of the specimen length to its original value. The elastic behavior is characterized by the elasticity limit (stress value at the point A)

ductility
ability of a material to deform under tension without rupture. do not show a sharp yield point but rather they yield continuously curve extends further and the material continues to strain (stretch if under tension) with the stress remaining relatively constant this show high ductility