CONJUNCTIONS & ADVERBS (9th form)

although = though = even though + [clause] in spite of = despite + [noun phrase] Although/ though/ even though its raining heavily, Bob goes out. Bob goes to school in spite of / despite the heavy rain. ; / . however, + [clause] but + [clause] Doris felt so tired; however, she kept working. Doris felt so tired. However, she kept working. Doris felt so tired but she kept working. because = as = since + [clause] because of + [noun phrase / V-ing] for + [noun phrase / V-ing] I couldnt participate in the picnic because / as / since I was ill. I couldnt participate in the picnic because of the illness Thanks for (giving me) the toy ; / . therefore, + [clause] so + [clause] I was ill so / ; therefore, I couldnt go on the picnic. if + [clause] so that + [clause usually with can / could ] in order to = so as to = to + V0 for + [noun phrase / V-ing] We have to come there early so that we can talk to her. We have to come there early in order to / so as to / to talk to her. We have to come there early for a talk to her. so + ADJ / ADV + that + [clause] He is so short that he cant play volleyball. THE WEATHER was so bad that WE couldnt go out. The car was so comfortable that we enjoyed the ride so much. too + ADJ / ADV + (for sb) + to infinitive He is so short that he cant play volleyball. He is too short to play volleyball. THE WEATHER was so bad that WE couldnt go out. THE WEATHER was too bad FOR US to go out. In addition, = Besides, = Moreover, # and + [clause] She is so nice. Besides, / Moreover, she is very intelligent. enough + NOUN + (for sb) + to infinitive ADJ / ADV + enough (for sb) + (not) to infinitive The boy has good health. He can do that hard work. The boy has enough health to do that hard work. THE SUICASE is quite heavy. SUSAN cant carry it upstairs THE SUICASE is heavy enough FOR SUSAN to carry upstairs. The tornado was strong enough to suck the mountain up for 5minutes. instead of + [noun phrase / V-ing]

MC D

NHNG / TUY NHIN

V / BI V

V VY / NN

NU

N NI

N NI KHNG TH

NGOI RA / HN NA

THAY V

They have played soccer instead of baseball. They have played soccer instead of playing baseball.