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10

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85.53 %

5.30 %

3.81 %

7.17 %

3.16 %

2.09 %

3.47 %

3.42 %

6.52 %

11.28 %

6.59 %

10.08 %

4.78 %

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ishsq88@hotmail.com

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kGQheh T e GAk H J Lh WQN c iQCG ,IMS k eHG
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.gT H
a GQCG I``e c ! Lh ee ```SQCG CG SCG :M
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13

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2012 fj 7 aGG `g1433 LQ e 17 G

dG Y
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H FdG jObG OG AH J jL IN Y "jH" hO
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ubaydli@gmail.com

WG jdGY
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abdulazizalkhater@yahoo.com

Se MCG
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A_moussadib2000@yhoo.com

GG N H Qe
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Mu7k20@gmail.com

dG ObH HJ IjL eRCG

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TG q SG ,e SdG d JQGh ,d e QY
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G Y kH ,AM Hh ,Vh H SS RGHG SQ GhCGHh ,e
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Y fCG e Y eDG Qd G c e " : b M G Uh ,d
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g dG FSdG J J H HdG YEG f dG dB
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Y ``NBG fG eh dG dG Y dEG UdG q e H RG``j
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d jdGh dGh dG QJhCG Y fq dGh dGh dG Y dGh

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H HdG d jdG dhDG g dG dG J J b
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Y fq CG iQCG fCG EG H G dG ZQ ;eYEG HdG
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q e
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Y G IYe Jh ,dP c e gCG SGZCd LH fEa NBG
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2012 fj 7 aGG `g1433 LQ e 17 G

ShdG G AGREG GQk a J TGhh ..hO L YJ Se

dG UGj Gh ..IjL eM SFd GOk e z kH{ jh VQG zQhj{ SCG

CH Se hO LG EG eCG h``a
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d Y N HdG idG jDJh
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J ```h .``Y````SCG ```f ```b ``U````TCG
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.e Jh d GkQe d Jh SQJ
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dG H ``LCG e Xj CG OGQCGh ,jG Aeb
e ShQdG USG EG ``gh .G dG hQ
AfG Ia J N e ;eOdG LCG j
.gQhLh JQMh V HQh ,jd

FdG jdG

fG
jdG RH M ;fG Y jd dP H FdG fGh
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hCG "dG fG" hCG G``` ` dG ````SC`H `` Yh ,``j`````f``jBG ``L```S
Y hCG a KCJ N EG j a fG CG VhCGh ."gdG"
dG OJ H ;FHh dG J dG jW Y e
dh ,e CG EG J dK d gOJ Y jh dG
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Gg AGQh j e g gCG dh ,JGP e d -dG J CG
.hCG LQdH dG WJ dG dGh G e OdG
M ,dG H e dG dG Me wQhV c Gg CG cCGh
CG Y J IQe UN d j CG FdG Y j ``c
UCGh ,dG f eY J G dh ,LQN hCG KDe hCG IQU
e fCG FdG LCG ;Ic ATCG Y dG Ao Y dG Y
T a ,jfjBG SCG Y dG OdG NBe fH ,VG LCG
Gaj e gfGh Yh G e j SCG Gg e CG
.OdG G dH
gh ,"FdG fG" SCH j c ,dG SCG CH VCGh
eGQO KCJ H jh ,ahOH ShdG G Gc H TG SCG
d c J H ,FHh dG J dG jW Y e
d c OJ CG e H ,d HdG dG EG GOh GjL T
.jfjBG Y j c dK d Y d
Battleship Potemkin "pH LQdG" a CG VhCGh
gCG e GkMGh j ,1925 dG foCG dGh ,jfjBG LS d
n oj dG HQ M ;dG jQJ GKCJ gcCGh ``aCG
."PdG fe" jfjBG j dGh ,adG fH
dG j dG jQdG gCG Y a fCG EG FdG dh
j "pH LQdG" a E`a ,ddG FdG dG Ie
aCG `` FGhCG ``e ``f``c e ,i`` NCG m G`` f
YG ``d``` ` dG ``` ` e ``` ` TO ``` dG
CG c ,G jOdG dd c
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UCG ```M ,``jQ``` dG SdG `` `aCG
LG H e QO``Z fG f
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ce" a e dGh ,gU dG
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J ``` Y ``` ` ` UG `` ``` L P`` `
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H QG`` `L EG ```````dG ``` ` ` dG
dSQ jEG EG j dh ,a
a ```j ```dG ```j```dG ``Y e
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j c dG ,FdG jd hCG jGdG Y FdG h

;GfBG ``FGhCG FdG j c dG G bGd Ne IQU
fSh U dh ,``bG``dG J fc aGZJdG IQdG EG M
H AL dG CG EG QTCGh .edG JQhS QN IOe h
hdG Y NOCGh ,cq a ;aGZJdG IQd IG YCG eh
Y X YU HZ GNG dG" CH dG a dG bdG
g fc H Ib ge VH eb eY ,ed jNCG j
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h ,fG ``e dG h``N e a ;h```e ``g c G
WTh FdG dGh ,jaG cMh ,GQdG hNh NOh ,QdG
eb aCG g c CG Ve ,eW hj Wh ,MG LGeCGh
d UG ee QJ L fch ,``Y Fe e ``cCG e
e SG dG CH FdG VCGh ."J aCG" hCG ,"J"
GMCGh G bGdG QJ dG dG ``aCG J G dP
CG dH YSGh - gZ hCG YLG hCG SS fc AGS UG H OJ dG EG M ;d Kq Gh FG bGdG jQdG
j CG j a CG Lj a ,dG bH fQe ,edG M gh
.dG iS eeCG Gk FG G bGdG dG
,L e dH JQG jG YdG G``NG Gg CH FdG HJh
dGh YdG H e j kje dG fa ,iNCG L e IQdGh
YdG IQdG GKCJ Y H HdG dG j ;Gdh .IQdGh
YLG ib OH JQG e Gd eh ,Y SdG dG KM dG
.idG HhQhCG G fG Id IjL
fGh IGhG Y j jL YH JQG HdG dG CG VhCGh
jh jdG KGdG e f Y ,YLG dG eCG
Y j ``WG```O ``a H ``c ``fCG c ,dG IS ``e adG
dGh c i``NCG dG e IOSGh G``HEG TCG H OdG
.jGhdGh IQSCGh SGh dGh IAVEGh QjdGh

eCG Oe
Y ,ed jNCd edG dG e d I``Y VY Hh
MG ``gh ;dG jQJ ddG MG Y dG EG FdG
,IOeh jOS dSCG edG dG a eSG dG
MG H dGh ,jL Qhh jO jeCG gCGH dGh
g CG EG a .dG d ,cH dG Y IQdG Y G
dG jL eb dGh ,"eCG Oe" a Y HdG
jG OdG IOh EG M ;dH gCG j dG SG CG cCGh .1915
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Gd h Y IQY g FdG OdG CG EG Q```TCGh
e gh ,f Y IQU Yd j dG gh ,G e
d EG M ,"YG /d jOdG jdG" :Y f CG
jh ,L e j CG Y ``dG UG OS T hCG YL
.NCG L e
LQ" :GH T ``jGhQ ``Y P``NC`e "eCG de" a EG :``bh
e 1905 ``` dG Q``` U ``` dGh ,The Clansman hCG "dG
e S ISCG ;JSCG M dG Qh``jh ,jO SeJ dCJ
HG hec ISC cCG HGh ,G e hech ,dG
J dGh ,OdG jd jOG "c ccdG" Y j
.jOh jY jGQ G e QGT e H
J c Qj ``fEG dH ,dG G``MCG GkOQ```S FdG h
Ie jH fR NG AH Ia J e jdG HdG
a j ```V``G G``gh ,````HCG ```j``eCG Y ddG J
dG c M ;IdG HdG ICf hXh ,jeCG jQdG AV
jdG Jh H ,jG Hc H ak e vSQ Gk a dG
.H a dHEG CG EG SdG Y QU dG
a .OdG ``eCG L bRCe X dG Gg C`H HJh
SCG H ````aQ a ```Y j CG jY ``` VGh d
CG cDG CG Z ?jL eSG dG IQG FdG dGh
j fCH eDj HL Lc f Lh e jGhdG hJ jL
d UNEG :CG ;dG "J dG" H GdG jeCG fR Y
Oj dG a dG dG eCG .eN AdGh HCG jeCG
.JOS Y
If e dG jj e c e ZdG Y ``fCG EG FdG QTCGh
I) jeCG dG jW FGhQ a hCG fCG EG ,VGh jY
N QG g be Z M H gh ,(YS 3
FdG ``FG``G ge e J dG jeCG gCG ``G
GMCd eGQOG HdH dch ,Ud gjJh bGH
e ``M hCG J IhQ``dG dG IdG jdH J dG
.JdG IhQP EG G j CG H jeCG dG Yf

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2012 fj 7 aGG `g1433 LQ e 17 G

IdG Y Y feCG dG cCGh MCG Y z

.eheh dS ``cCG H ,````dG ````G EG
:dG G e ,dHh
jW ``Y ```````dG hCG ``````dG ```Y````dG A``e IOe Y j ``dG fhQddG M GSG
YdG V kah ``WCG Id Ff J T
.bdG Gh
jG ``` ` ` Y ) O`` ` `` `G `` ` `G IO`` ` ` ` SG ,d RG fhQddG M IY (ZdGh
.jL e adG IdG H kGL kc jh
e ``Y H IdG ``j``d e Y) Mesolift zdhe{ j jd Oh
hO dG fhQddG M jW Y j (hG
k FS j Gd ,dG IOG
.kGL Ib JM Ieh
IjGe IQH zje{ M
kGL fe HEG QX H H QJ BG j
bh .YhCG hCG IdG FGO W d dG
d M kDe G M K G I``HEG ``NOEG j
.G b Qq c Vh
(hdEG e d M) d h```dEG f
Hh e H I`` HEG FdG aH J
IQH Jh ,Qqd dG g J h ,e
J CG hO D` e ``Zh jS Hh kjJ de
.ec gAGQh
kGOe kG``` ` ` Y ``jQ``` ` dG ``e``` dG ````H `````J
M `` e ``` J``` ` ` e EG ,``J``` ` G `` g ,I``` ` cC` d
IG jG KCJ e G LCG e ,fhQddG
YJ ```c ````M `` dG ```fhQ``d````dG ````M ```Y
Yd LdG H G .jQGSG IO``jR Y
L d fhQddG M M J IdG
j ,Ve f Y dh .YdG GfCG
H q J dG G dG e f AG``G
LdG HJ Y dG YdG ``Y j .dG
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M jW Y aCG f Y (NdG Y dG
dGh bdG H IdG J M .cJdG
Lh J L AG``LEG j ,SGdG eGh
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{ `d j jdG fi .O
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M dG LY eG dG cCG J
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fhQddG M M Y dG J J M
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G jW G``J h .dG Y ```Gh ``e``dG
e dG J h De Z fhQddG H
d QGSH QJ ,MGG GhOCGh GAG``LEG
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G ,fhQddG Mh ,Yd R``HCG dG
G j IO``e ``gh ,``j```G fCd ```S```SCG
j dh ,G WJ Y YJ W IQH
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M M ```jh ,I`````dG T ``j```Jh YdG ``e
dG IOG e de c j dG fQddG
G NOEG M h .Id dG dG
H HT LdG j ,LdG e dG bG
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G Ga EG ODj ,kg j G Gh
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Ued Hbh jb e
Ch ,FGO W d kGL Yf IHEG GSH IU dh d ``j``Y``dG ```J Y IQ``` dGh ```V``G ``MGQ
dG g Ea ,G g kGL g J IdG
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AGOdG dG Ae
ODJ b fC ;dG g e hj dG
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d ``HhQhCG cG je QTCG c ,LY G
LG M J
Y ``` dG ````G ``e :`` b ```M ``````dGh I`````dG
J fhQddG M CG EG jdG fh
Y ``` M I``Y```` ``aq ``G AGO``` ` dG ``` dG
IOe aVEG h .jf dG GSG M FGa IOG e dG Y j dG fhQddG M
G a dG fCG IG Ie J T H M j H ,aG dG A dG

GhRCG H G bdG Y S KDJ fGdG

JM C` ` `H ``` ` ` ` J CG h`` ` M ,``` ` W``` dG ``` M``` dG `` e c `` b ````j ``G CGh S `` dGR ````W```dG
j `` NB` `d `` MG`` dG `` e ``` ` G `` Y`` dG G``` a ,h`` `` ` dG
.G ``` ` J``` M ``` j `` `dG ``` W``` dG QG``` ` ` SG ``` Y
`` NBG `` ` dG ``` Y ,``` j``H `` Lh`` dG `` `MCG O`` `Lh ``d``M G`` g `` `Y ``` ` j `` ` `d `` `WG`` `` ` dGh `` ` G `` `e `` e`` ` `j CG
je EG `` ` ` G EG OD` ` ` `J ``` ` ` ` Y ``` a IOQ `` `e`` `G
.`` ` W`` ` dG `` ` `` `dG `` `Y ``` ` ` ` ` dG `` `e `` `` ` c `` ` `` `dG `` `e
GPEG dh ,LQG G e H YCG LhdG bdG EG
Y fhj CG LhdG Y S jH Y KDj e Lh
G OLh a ,eCG CG e SCdG Yh dGh ,cG c M
FGdGh SCG G J GS GhdG QGSG ZdGh
.LhdG bdG QGSGh Y QGUEG eCG IU

hCGj LhG CG Mf e Gc
IdG `` `Yh `` `FGR Rh ``` ` ` c``H
edG ````dG Wh ,dG Y
SQ ``Yh ,``c``G SJ ``e
jQdGh c VjdG WdG
dGh ``gQEG H ``dPh G
ISCG ``j````dG ``Y ``` dG
.OhCG jYQh
`` cQ`` ` ` e CG `` ` `a `` ` `T `` ` ` h
,`` ` `d `` `` ` J `` `` ` Lh `` ` c OhCG
Gj CG H FdG ``e dGh
,Y ``` U``M ``e``` ` d``H ``` ` dG `` e
e dG GPEG ``f``d``H Q`````dGh
j `` e G`` ` gh ,`` ` `` `G ``` ` S
.CG `` e `` ` cCG CG `` e ``j``` ` d``H
h ,G Gd LhdG j GPEGh
KDS a R``dG IOjd GM j
G ``` Lh``dG ``b``` dG ```Y G`` g
VGh KCJ e FGdG Rd H
dH .U H bdG S
CGQ H IFGdG fGdG KDJ hd
NGO ``j``e``dG ``` YhCG ```Y A``` WCG
. cdG dG
EG ``fG```dG OD` J Lhd dHh
Y IFGdG dG d dPh cdG edG RGaEG IOjR
f jd ZdG Ga j GHh ,Y j G
c J fGdG CG EG aVEH .OG edG JQG
Yh ,d jGc dG PJG EG KG jh ,H
.NBG ``g``MCG ZQ OHG ``KD`j G G ```eG
,IOLe FGO G C ;e G g f CG
e dG Gg QGSG Y LdGh b bdG h
:G e c H AdG dG FdG H dEGh ,IG
Wh ,jd ``F````NCG G``` TEG `` ```FG``Z ``e```f ````JG d ``dPh ,jGdG VjdG H SQ S
jH LhdG ``MCG ``c GPEGh ,``jQG``G GdG e Q``b ``cCG
.G ``g J JYeh J ``NBG Y a

HdH HUEd G Vj CG NJ
Ia AKCG NdG CG jM jeCG SGQO XCG
.OG HdH HUEG dGG Vj b G
QG`` ` ` VCG `` e ``` j``W `` ` F EG `` ` `SGQ`` dG ``` ` ` Jh
,H `` e ,`` ` `G A`` ` `KCG CG ``N``J `` Y ``` L``` dG
,"VGeCG `` ` `Y I`` ` `` `` `` `dG cGe" `` ` `` `` `Hh
.IO`` ` ` dG i`` ` d ``` ` dG Rh ``` ` f ,I`` ` `` `G IO`` ` ` `dG
S `` ` `fQ`` ` `` `d`` c eL" `` `e `` ` `M`` ` `dG `` ` ` Lhh
Ia A```KCG ```N``G ``` eCG ```WCG CG ",fGa
N ,``F``G 50 Hh ,H ``jG``J ```H ```G
b ```dG ```J ```J``M ```J ``j``b ``HQ ``eRC` H ``H``` UEG
.G I``a A```KCG Nj ```eC ```WCG H j
fdG ``` LG``e ``` Y ``` SGQ``dG ``` U``N ``` ` ` SGh
`` ` `UCG `` e `` ` `j`` eCG ``` W 2500 `` HG`` ` `d ``` ` ` ` dG
Od A`` ` ` ` dG O``` ` ` ` SG `` ` `Hh ,`` ` `` `j`` aCGh ``` ` ` J
VJh ``` ` dG ``` e I`` `KD` ` G i`` ` ` NCG `` eG`` ` `dG `` e
.ddG I`` ` a A`` `` ` KCG ``F``` ` ` dG `` N`` d `` ` ` ` WCG
dG `` ` `HCG ce" `` e ,hCG ``` S ``M``` dG `` ` bh
dG ``` Y J" :``` e``` ` d ``` H``` dG "dGh
d G`` ` `V`` ` `J A`` `` ` ` ` TCG Q`` ` ` `KBG 17 `` ` `S `` ` Z`` ` H i`` ` d
."JM `` ` e hCG `` ` `` `` `dG `` ` ` ` `` ` `TCG A`` ` `` ` ` KCG
f G Ia N j KCJ g" :VCGh
Hh "iNCG IQ````H hCG..`` ` `KGQh H ```j `` fCG
DNA ```j``dG G j ```N``G CG " ```dG
."d

dG fhQddG M CG EG QcO jh
d Hb ,GG J q j L g M q j
Gg q jh .W d dh ,G j ,kjY
MG Y JQb Hh .zYdG A e{ G
.Y je Y IdG HWQ Y aj ,AH
,kGNCGh .IcCd IOe FN Y j fEG c
J ``` dG ``````dG ``j``G ````f ``j```J ```Y ``Y````j
.dG fhQddG Mh LdGh SjEG
cCGh dCG QGSH IjL GQHG J GJ h
MCG AG`` G ````Y q` ` ```dG ```J ```e ,```d```a
e ``j``J ```fCG ```Y ``jOq```e ,dG d ``D`e

fH d LH WCG
ddG S M ``JeCG
;JeCG fH dG EG LH GYCG KK e bCG WCG CH IjL SGQO cCG
jNBGh ,eCG fL EG Gef kGOde 16 Y SGQdG jLCGh .Hb d dPh
Hb VJ gMh Gef jdG WCG CG SGQdG e Jh ,CG Y GH gMh
bCG ef YS j jS kG```Mh dG ``f CG c ,G``e ``K ``cCG OLEd
.JeCG MCG ej ,cCG b ojh
,eOCG H jh ,UCG eCG e HGdG j gMh WCG f CG GhOaCGh
j fEG SGQdH FdG , LH f bh .g N d AS S EG ODj e
e hCG HSCG JeCG MCG Gej CG dGd Uh eCG LCG e
Y EG ```eCG fL EG dGG j CG IQh```V jCG ```VCG c ,``bCG Y IG
. HGdG M hCG ddG
N jJ CG dGh ,jdG dG cQe e Q HS SGQO g dh
.kN h OdG Y CG J CG e ajh ,dG N Vd LG G
d dP Ea , G LG G jh dG j eY" :b LH CG EG
IdG FSdGh dGh FdG e ,iNCG QeCG H H ,fL EG CG OLh H
.dG NdGh IG dCGh

18

d jdG IcGdG
Ie FGO
jjdG R``H eL MH ``SQO
WdG ``j``c``dG J QhO ``d L
QdG ``j````j````dG `` Yo h .``` ` fGh
Jj `` G G`` g ``e `` f ```Y A``` ` UCG
CG :``g f ``K ``dh , jdG IcGdH
SGQO ``````cGh .`` L `` Lh ,`` L CGh ,CG
CG `` d`` H ``` ` j``` S 700 `` e `` ` cCG ``` ` ` T
CG CG ``````dG `````j `` dG ``U``` ` TCG
Ijh HjG hCG IS GQU hcj
eOC YTEG Ua HQ c .WY
e CG CG dG jS 400 e j e
gKCJ c AGS Qd ibCG IcGH G
.S hCG HjEG WdG
f ``G ```Y ```M```dG `` SQO ``K
L G``` T``Y G``` c `` j`` fGhQ ``` L 347
Y G``fGhQ JT dG IO``HEG YCG IN
ch .JH e hdG Y GhLoCGh 1994
100 ````Z G````bo T ``dCG 800 ```f
e HYh e Lg eY ``j
.gOGaCG e WGh JdG bCG JdG
LdG e G 39 CG SGQdG Mh
e ``````dG `````dG G``` ` VG ``e ``f``` j
QGH SMEH j dG , edG H
eGY f H Ghe dG eOdG IG
GUCG S :e G``MC``H M cJ
hjh .```L```e IQ````H ```d``Y A```V```Vh
dG dG G````V``H G`````UCG ``j``dG
g e ``Y O````HG IO``Y edG H ``e
bh ,fY gcJ J dG eGdG
.ch dY Y Gg j

Yj d Y
WH HUEG Ua
fG
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HUEG ```e IO`` jR O`` Lh ``Y AG``` dGh
GG GSG Y fG WH
,hRZH AGhO ``` Y ``` ``` dG
ScCG ``jQ``` ` dG A``` ` SC``H ``b``` ` Gh
ej GdGh ,SZh
id `` `dG R``c``` ` dG i``` ` ` ``` ` ` dG
.ddG
e ``cCG hRZH QY jh
dG ``e `````dG ``V`` ```j``e `` dCG 20
jh ,dG dG j d dG
fG WH T BG 10 f J
T BG 5 e ``cCG aj M ,kjS
GS 5 H M f jh ,KEG Y
.dG e a
GWJ jdG VG CG MdG ``Lhh
WH HUEd VY G``f``c Q````dG G``g
jdG `` `eCG ,%83 EG ``` ` J ``````H ``f``` G
fEa ,cCG hCG edG Y jJ I SG
H ``f```G ``W````H d ```V``Y
MG ``` g CG `````dG ``` ` VhCGh .%88
fG WS h``M e IO``jR H
Y dG GG GSG Y
YG GSG ``M zhRZH{ AGhO
GH ``fQ```e ```H `````G ```d```dG
.iNCG
H ``NCG ,A```WCG e dG Wh
e G``` ` ` SG `` Y ``` e ```````dG
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Yh ,fG Wd Ve ``jQ``J jd
Y hR``` ` ` Z``` H ````````e G``` ` ` SG
dG hO e dG O O``Lh Me
dG ``` j CG ``` j ``` M ,``J``` ` ` ` e
GSG A``` dG ``` b `` dP ``````e ``e
YL bCG GSG jh ,G
fj ```fC ;````dG Q```c i``d AGh`` dG ``e
Mh .fG WH HUEd VY cCG
jYdG Xeh ``jhOCG ee dG
HEG ``N ``e e hdG Y dG
FGhdG ``e````dGh d ```W``dG ``c``G
.jhOCd fL VGYCG jCG hM Y

fEG EG eCG J dH He Ga
N e CGH jjS SGQO he b
EG J SGQdG EG jQjR eL GS
dG Rd a jW c J
CG e KGh Gd fCG GVhCGh .cG
,fEG Y S g gCdG IOYEG J
j GdG id G jG O d
.dG IjL FSh Y
H ``fCG JQc QGjZ QcdG Th
Y ``` gC` J IO`` ` YEG `````Y ``e ``Y``` ` SCG
HQ SGh Fch FHc h
jCG ```c``d``Hh ``````H G````dG CG`` H ,BG
.LGG OJh dG OUh
QcdG M ,FdG J Hh
Fc ``` ` G``` ` dG ``` j``ah ``JQ``c
g ``` UG``` Jh ,``` ` ` ` ` dG `` j`` G `````j
djQOCGh eHhdG e e jG
Y bf Y IQY gh ,fJhdGh
.cdG dG YCG J
dG bdG jG G``g jh
UTCG i``d IO`` Y ````G ``gR``` j ``` dG
f dG ``` dCG de FHc GdG f H MdG ``b ,G J e q h YCG a AUCG
dG bdG je gM dG YCG M YhQe bCG SGH kFHc cdG
.IQhdG Y dG AYCG cM
.bdG jH a ,FdG
.cG dG Rd LQG AdG M ``e ````bO jY EG I````Y ```Hh
T Q`` ` Y EG ``` ` ` ` dG G`` `g iOCGh

VjQ

2012 fj 7 aGG `g1433 LQ e 17 G

19

IQKEG cCG ddG j dG Y ZCG

Gf gCJ ````e 16 ..zHhQhCG ````eCG{

RdG IQ``d z```bdG `HGdG{ ```Y dG
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