2:

1-1:

6

, ...
, ...
, ...
, ...

21/2/2011

 2 - 1-1
1:
2:

2 1-1

3:
4:
5:
6:
7:
8:

9:
10:

11:
12:


6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5

6.6
6.7
6.8

6.1

1. (Bernoulli)
[ , . 6.5]
2. ( )

3.
(1- c2/cu2)h
or

(1- c3/cu3)h

A s2
h

C
Ap

p(0)

As1

s , p

ud

c2
(c3 )

cu2
(cu3 )4

6.1

:
cu3
Ac

nfcd
Fc

As

Fs
s

6.1

6.1

-

( )

k C

ud= 0.9 uk
7

6.1

:
1. ( h) :
, e0 = h/30 20 mm
2. (e/h <
0.1), ,
c2
( c3, c c)
3.
, 5.10

6.1

(n) (z) C50MPa

(Walraven, Workshop Eurocodes: Background and applications, 2008)
9

6.1

,
( s s cc=0.85)
Narayanan, R. and Beeby, A.(2005). Designers' Guide to EN 1992-1-1 and EN 1992-1-2. Eurocode 2:
Design of Concrete Structures. Thomas Telford Ltd, London.

6.1 +

Md/(bd2fcd)

,
:
x/d ( 0.4)/(0.6+0.0014/cu)
:

sc = (M Mlim)/fyd (d d')
: As = As,lim+Asc
Narayanan, R. and Beeby, A.(2005). Designers' Guide to EN 1992-1-1 and EN 1992-1-2. Eurocode 2:
Design of Concrete Structures. Thomas Telford Ltd, London.

(C50),
CEB-FIP Designers' Guide to EC2
/ (.. ,
, .)

6.1

(, )

, C50MPa
Narayanan, R. and Beeby, A.(2005). Designers' Guide to EN 1992-1-1 and EN 1992-1-2. Eurocode 2:
Design of Concrete Structures. Thomas Telford Ltd, London.

12

6.1

(x,My, )

, C50MPa
Beeby, A. W. and Narayanan, R. S. (1995) Designers Handbook to Eurocode 2 Part 1.1: Design of
concrete structures, T. Telford, London .

13

6.2

VdVRd,c
( )
Vd>VRd,c !
:
(1cot 2,5)

( .) !..

:
VRd = VRd,s + Vccd + Vtd
VRd,s : ( )
Vccd :
,
Vtd :
,

14

6.2

:
VRd,c = [CRd,ck(100 l fck)1/3 + k1cp] bwd
VRd,c (vmin + k1cp) bwd
fck MPa, VRd,c [N]
k = 1+

l =

200
2,0
d

Asl
0,02 (d mm)
bw d

Asl (lbd + d)
(A).
bw [mm]

cp = NEd/Ac < 0,2 fcd [MPa]

NEd [ N] (NEd>0 ).
NE .
Ac [mm2]
15

6.2

(CRd,c=0.18/c, k1=0.15):
=0.15)

VRd,c = [0,12k(100 l fck)1/3 + 0,15cp] bwd

VRd,c (0,035 k3/2 fck1/2 + 0,15cp) bwd

, VRd,c fctd

VRd,c =

bw
S

(fctd )2 + l cp fctd

bw ,
S
I = lx/lbpt2 1,0
= 1,0
lx
lpt2 . ( 8.18)

- 45
16

6.2

, Ed
al = d
0,5d av 2d :
VEd = av/2d (av < 0.5d)
av

:
VEd 0,5 bwd fcd

d
d

av

= 0,6 1

fck
250


- (6.5)
17

6.2

:

A

z = 0.9d
V

V(cot - cot )

Fcd

Ftd

Ftd
Fcd

z=0.9d
18

6.2

 : 1 cot 2,5
 ():
A
VRd,s = sw z fywd cot VRd,max = cw bw z 1 fcd/(cot + tan )
s
Asw
s

fywd
1

f

1 = = 0,6 1 ck
250
wd<0.8fyk, 1=0.6 ( fck 60 MPa)

cw
cw= 1
0 < cp -0.,25 fcd
= (1 + cp/fcd)
= 1,25
0,25 fcd < cp 0,5 fcd
= 2,5 (1 - cp/fcd) 0,5 fcd < cp < -1,0 fcd
19

6.2

 ():
A sw
VRd,s =
z f ywd (cot + cot ) sin
s

VRd,max = cw bw z 1 fcd/(cot + cot )(1+ cot2 )

- , Asw,max, cot =1:
1
Asw,max fywd
2 cw 1fcd

bw s
sin

 bw ( VRd,max)
> bw/8 :
bw,nom = bw - 1,2
bw /8, bw,nom = bw

 Ftd VEd:
Ftd= 0,5 VEd (cot - cot )
(MEd/z) + Ftd MEd,max/z

(MEd,maxmaxM )
20

6.2

 0,5d av 2d :
VEd = av/2d (av < 0.5d)
VEd
VEd Aswfywd sin
Aswfywd:
0,75av

0,75av

VEd 0,5 bwd fcd

av
av


0,75 av .
.
21

6.2

 :

cot = 2,5 ( = 21,8)

(sw)

VRd,max

Vd>VRd,max :

Vd>VRd,max
( sw)

 :

:
(sw)
(
, )

 : ,
, ( Vc) 22

6.2

, . (2008).
EC2. -. . .

6.2

, vEd,
vEd = Fd/(hf x)
A

Fd
Fd

b eff
x
sf

f
A

A
hf
Fd + Fd

B
A sf
Fd + Fd
bw

24

6.2

Asf/sf
(Asffyd/sf) vEd hf/ cot f

:
vEd fcd sin f cos f

cot f (. ):
1,0 cot f = 2,0

(45 f = 26,5)

1,0 cot f = 1,25

(45 f = 38,6)

:

Asf = max {Asf,
sf, , 0.5Asf,
sf, +sf,
sf,}
A vEd 0,4fctd



25

6.2

vEdi = VEdi / (z bi)

VEd
z
bi
bi

vEdi vRdi
bi

bi

26

6.2

vRdi = c fctd + n + fyd ( sin + cos ) 0,5 fcd

c
n
( ) n < 0,6 fcd
n fctd=0

= As / Ai
s:
i:

0,25

0,5

0,35

0,6

=0.6(1fck/250)

0,45

0,7

0,50

0,8

45 90
h2 10 d

NEd

V Ed
d

h1 10 d
30

5 mm

V Ed
27

6.3

 ( )

( )


(7.3 9.2)


( )



(.. )

( )
Rd = Rdi

- : tef t

 TE


28

6.3

zi

TEd

B

u

tef/2
tef

tef=A/u
A :
,

u :
.. tef = b2/(4b) = b/4

6.2

 :

Ed

t,i t ef,i

TEd
=
2Ak

VEd,i ( ) i :

VEd,i = t,i t ef,i zi

Ak
, .

t,i

i
zi
i

To tef,i

( tef t)

30

6.2

:

Asl f yd
TEd
cot
=
2A k
uk

fyd Asl
uk Ak

:

()

(Ted) (Ved):

TEd / TRd,max + VEd / VRd,max 1,0

T
Rd,max = 2 cw fcd Ak t ef,i sin cos

, cw

~ :

TEd / TRd,c + VEd / VRd,c 1,0

(: TRd,c= 2fctdtef,iAk)
31

6.4

 :
, ( ),

 : ,
Aload

(Walraven, Workshop
Eurocodes: Background
and applications, 2008)

 .
,


.
32

6.4

2d

= arctan (1/2)
= 26,6
c

B
D

2d

rcont
C

u1

uout,ef ,

33

6.4


2d

2d

2d

u1

d eff

(
d
=

+ dz )
2

u1

u1
2d

bz

by

2d

6d

l1

l2

l2

l1 > l2

(l1.l2)

34

6.4

u1

2d

2d

2d

u1

u1

2d

2d

2d

 :

A

arctan (1/2)

 ...

35

6.4

(vEd)

:

vEd < vRd,max = 0,5fcd

( )

 :
vEd < vRd,c

( )

 vEd > vRd,c

 u1:

v Ed

VEd
=
ui d

MEd u1
= 1+ k

VEd W1
:

W1 =

2d
c1

c2

2
1

c
+ c1c 2 + 4c 2d + 16d 2 + 2dc1
2

c1/c2

0,5

1,0

2,0

3,0

0,45

0,60

0,70

0,80

2d
36

6.4
-

 ( D)
e
= 1 + 0,6
D + 4d

( ey, ez):
2

e y ez
= 1 + 1,8 +
bz by

 :
u
u
= 1 + k 1 epar
u1*
W1

1,5d
0,5c1

:
W1 =

c
+ c1c2 + 4c1d + 8d 2 + dc 2
4
0,5

1,0

2,0

3,0

0,45

0,60

0,70

0,80

u1*

u1*

2
2

c1/2c2

c1

c2

1,5d
0,5c2

c2

2d

2d

2d
c1

2d

1,5d
0,5c1

=u1/u1*

37

6.4
-

 :

(.. )

25%

:
C

= 1,5

= 1,4

= 1,15

 VEd

 VEd ,
.
38

6.4

 ( vEd < vRd,c):

v Rd,c = CRd,c k (100 l fck )1/ 3 + k1 cp (v min + k1 cp )

l=(lylz) ( ) y z
,
+ 3d

cp = (cy + cz)/2
cy, cz

y
z ( MPa, )
N
N
c,y = Ed,y
c,z = Ed,z
Acy
Acz

NEdy, NEdz (.)

( )
.
CRdc=0,18/c=0,12 k1=0.1 (k1,
1,)

[ ]

k , Ac , vmin
39

6.4

 (
2d ):
v Rd = CRd,c k (100 fck )1/ 3 x 2d / a v min x 2d
a

:

VEd,red = VEd - VEd

(VEd
)
vEd = VEd,red/ud vRd,c

:

v Ed

V
= Ed,red
ud

MEd u
1 + k

V
W
Ed,red

W: W1, u

40

6.4

 vEd > vRd,c , :
vRd,cs = 0,75 vRd,c + 1,5 (d/sr) Asw fywd,ef (1/(u1d)) sin
Asw
[mm2]
sr [mm]
fywd,ef
fywd,ef = 250 + 0,25 d fywd [MPa]
d [mm]

1,5d

V
0,5c

 : v = Ed v
Ed
Rd,max
u0 d
1

2d

u0 = [mm]

u0 = c2 + 3d c2 + 2c1 [mm]

u0 = 3d c1 + c2 [mm]

c2
u1*

c1

2d

41

6.4

 :

uout,ef = VEd / (vRd,c d)

kd uout ( uout,ef)
B
uout,ef
A
u

> 2d

out

2d

kd

d
kd

k=1.5


, VRd,cs

42

6.5 M -

-

 :

(.. ,
, )
 : / B
(Bernoulli) D (Discontinuity)

Strut - and - Tie

Resource Web Site
(D. Kuchma)

= D

, , ...
43

6.5 M -

( 2!...)
 D

 ( , FEM)




( !)
 (
, )


(,
...)
44

6.5 M -


: Rd,max = fcd
Rd,max

Rd,max (;...)


: Rd,max = 0,6(1 - fck /250)fcd
Rd,max

 ,
,
6.2.2 6.2.3 ()
45

6.5 M -



.
bef
a

bef
a
F

F
h=b

z = h/2

h = H/2

D
F

F
b
bef = b

,

bef = 0,5H + 0,65a; a h

 T :

(bh/2):

(b>h/2):

T =
T =

1 ba
F
4 b

1
a
1 0,7 F
4
h

46

6.5 M -

 : , ,
,
,


, !

 :
Fcd,2
a2

c0

Rd,2

a3

Fcd,3

:
Rd,3

cd,0

Rd,1
Fcd,1l

Fcd,1r
Fcd,1 = Fcd,1r + Fcd,1l
a1

Rd,max = k1fcd = 0,6(1 - fck /250) fcd

:
Fcd,1/a1 = Fcd,2/a2 = Fcd,3/a3

cd,1 = cd,2 = cd,3 = cd0


Rd,max k4 'fcd = 1.80(1 - fck /250) fcd
3

47

6.5 M -
a2

+,

(CCT):

Rd,max = k2fcd = 0,51(1 - fck /250) fcd

Fcd2

Rd,2

s0
u

Ftd

s
s0

Rd,1

Fcd1

Ftd,1

2s0

a1
lbd

Rd,max

+,

(CTT):
Fcd
Ftd,2

Rd,max = k3fcd = 0,45(1 - fck /250) fcd

 Rd,max 10% [6.5.4(5)]:

55,
,
...

48

6.6

 T :




:
8.4 8.8

49

6.7

 :



( 6.5)

 :
A c0

FRdu = Ac 0 fcd Ac1 / Ac 0 3,0 fcd Ac 0

b1

d1

Frdu :

d2

3d1

b2

3b1

A c1

h (b2 - b1) h (d2 - d1)

50

6.8

 ,

 /
.. ,



( s)
P=1,6 AP

AS + AP
=
P =1,75 wire

AS + AP ( S / P )

P =1,20 wire

fat1.0: tan fat =

tan
51

6.8

C50/60

C70/85

0,3

0,15

0,6

0,5

0,25

0,7

0,6

0,3

0,8

0,7

0,35

:
C50/60 C70/85

, ,

52

6.8



S-N

N* Rsk

S,fat

log Rsk

b = k1
1
b = k2
1

N*

log N

( S-N )

53

6.8

S-N

N*

k1

k2

Rsk (MPa)
N*

162,5

58,5

35

10

10

10

. 1: Rsk .
= 0,35 + 0,026 D /.
:
D


, :

k2=5
54

6.8

S-N
Rsk (MPa)

S-N

N*

k1

k2

N*

10

185

185

10

150

120

80

10

10

10

10

:
: DEd = n( i ) < 1
i N ( i )
(n: i, : )
55

6.8




(

) :

1 : N* () S,eq 1992-2

/ /:

F,fat S,equ ( N* )

Rsk ( N * )

s,fat

Rsk(N*) N* , S-N
S,equ(N*) , N*
: S,equ(N*) S,max (max )

 - : S k1 = 70MPa
 : S k2 = 35MPa
56

6.8



:

E cd ,max, equ + 0,43 1 Requ 1

Requ =

Ecd,min,equ
Ecd,max,equ

Ecd,min,equ =

cd,min,equ
fcd,fat

Ecd,max,equ =

cd,max,equ
fcd,fat

cd: , R: (min/max)
cd: N=106
f

fcd,fat = k1cc ( t0 ) fcd 1 ck

250
0.85

t0

c,max

0,5 + 0,45 c,min

f cd,fat
f cd,fat

0,9 fck 50 MPa

0,8 fck > 50 MPa

c,min , c,min=0
57

6.8


:

Ved,min/Ved,max0:

0,9 C50/60,
| VEd,max |
| VEd,min |
0,5 + 0,45

| VRd,c |
| VRd,c | 0,8
greater
C55 / 67
0.8 C
55/67 than

Ved,min/Ved,max<0:

| VEd,max |
|V
|
0,5 Ed,min
| VRd,c |
| VRd,c |
VEd,max


VEd,min

,
VEd,max
VRd,c

( 6.2)
58

59

60

61

62

63

64

65

66

67

68

69

70

71

72



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73