Module3/Lesson2

20
Applied Elasticity for Engineers T.G.Sitharam & L.GovindaRaju



Now, the strain tensor is given by
(
(
(
(
(
(

=
z zy zx
yz y yx
xz xy x
ij
c
c
c
c
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1

Strain matrix becomes
(
(
(

=
50 . 0 81 . 0 02 . 0
81 . 0 25 . 1 115 . 0
02 . 0 115 . 0 02 . 0
ij
c

Example 3.8
The strain tensor at a point in a body is given by
(
(
(

=
0005 . 0 0004 . 0 0005 . 0
0004 . 0 0003 . 0 0002 . 0
0005 . 0 0002 . 0 0001 . 0
ij
c
Determine (a) octahedral normal and shearing strains. (b) Deviator and Spherical
strain tensors.
Solution: For the octahedral plane, the direction cosines are
3
1
= = = n m l
(a) octahedral normal strain is given by
( ) ( ) nl mn lm n m l
zx yz xy z y x oct n
c c c c c c c + + + + + = 2
2 2 2

Here
yz yz xy xy
c c
2
1
,
2
1
= = and
zx zx
c
2
1
=
( )
(

|
.
|

\
|
+ |
.
|

\
|
+ |
.
|

\
|
+
|
|
.
|

\
|
+
|
|
.
|

\
|
+
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
3
1
0005 . 0
3
1
0004 . 0
3
1
0002 . 0 2
3
1
0005 . 0
3
1
0003 . 0
3
1
0001 . 0
2 2 2
oct n
c

( ) 001 . 0 =
oct n
c
Octahedral Shearing Strain is given by
( ) ( )
2 2
2
oct n oct R oct
c c =
where ( )
oct R
c = Resultant strain on octahedral plane
Module3/Lesson2

21
Applied Elasticity for Engineers T.G.Sitharam & L.GovindaRaju



( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) | |
2 2 2
3
1
y yz xz yz y xy xz xy x oct R
c c c c c c c c c c + + + + + + + + =
( ) ( ) ( ) | |
2 2 2
0005 . 0 0004 . 0 0005 . 0 0004 . 0 0003 . 0 0002 . 0 0005 . 0 0002 . 0 0001 . 0
3
1
+ + + + + + + =

( ) 001066 . 0 =
oct R
c
( ) ( )
2 2
001 . 0 00106 . 0 2 =
oct

000739 . 0 =
oct

(b) Deviator and Spherical strain tensors.
Here Mean Strain =
3
z y x
m
c c c
c
+ +
=

3
0005 . 0 0003 . 0 0001 . 0 + +
=
0003 . 0 =
m
c
Deviator Strain tensor =
( )
( )
( )(
(
(

0003 . 0 0005 . 0 0004 . 0 0005 . 0

0004 . 0 0003 . 0 0003 . 0 0002 . 0
0005 . 0 0002 . 0 0003 . 0 0001 . 0

i.e.,
(
(
(

= '
0002 . 0 0004 . 0 0005 . 0
0004 . 0 0 0002 . 0
0005 . 0 0002 . 0 0002 . 0
E
and spherical strain tensor =
(
(
(

= ' '
m
m
m
E
c
c
c
0 0
0 0
0 0

i.e.,
(
(
(

= ' '
0003 . 0 0 0
0 0003 . 0 0
0 0 0003 . 0
E
Example 3.9
The components of strain at a point in a body are as follows:
( )
2 2
1
y x z c
x
+ = c
z x
y
2
= c
xyz c
xy 2
2 =
where c
1
and c
2
are constants. Check whether the strain field is compatible one?
Module3/Lesson2

22
Applied Elasticity for Engineers T.G.Sitharam & L.GovindaRaju



Solution: For the compatibility condition of the strain field, the system of strains must
satisfy the compatibility equations
i.e.,
y x x y
xy y
x
c c
c
=
c
c
+
c
c
c
c
2
2
2
2
2

Now, using the given strain field,
z c
y
yz c
y
x x
1
2
2
1
2 , 2 =
c
c
=
c
c c c

z
x
xz
x
y y
2 , 2
2
2
=
c
c
=
c
c c c

z c
y x
yz c
x
xy xy
2
2
2
2 , 2 =
c c
c
=
c
c

( )
1 1
2
2
2
2
1 2 2 2 c z z z c
x y
y
x
+ = + =
c
c
+
c
c

c
c
and z c
y x
xy
2
2
2 =
c c
c

Since
y x x y
xy y
x
c c
c
=
c
c
+
c
c
c
c
2
2
2
2
2
, the strain field is not compatible.

Example 3.10
Under what conditions are the following expressions for the components of strain at a
point compatible?
cxy by axy
x
2 2
2 2
+ + = c
bx ax
y
+ =
2
c
y ax xy y x
xy
q | o + + + =
2 2

Solution: For compatibility, the strain components must satisfy the compatibility equation.
i.e.,
y x x y
xy y
x
c c
c
=
c
c
+
c
c
c
c
2
2
2
2
2
(i)
or 0
2
2
2
2
2
=
c c
c

c
c
+
c
c
y x x y
xy y
x
c
c
(ii)
Now, cxy by axy
x
2 2
2 2
+ + = c
cx by axy
y
x
2 2 4 + + =
c
c

c

b ax
y
x
2 4
2
2
+ =
c
c c