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UNIVERSITI MALA YSIA PERLIS

Peperiksaan Semester Pertama
Sidang Akademik 201112012
16 Januari 2012
EAT 314 - Geotechnical Engineering
[Kejuruteraan Geoteknik]
Masa: 3jam
Please make sure that this question paper has Eight (8) printed pages including this front
page before you start the examination.
[Sila pastikan kertas soalan ini mengandungi LAPAN (8) muka sural yang bercetak termasuk muka
hadapan sebelum anda memulakan peperiksaan ini.]
This question paper has TWO (2) sections, SECTION A and SECTION B. Answer ALL
questions from SECTION A and any ONE (1) question from SECTION B. Each question
contributes 20 marks.
[Kertas soalan ini mengandungi DUA (2) bahagian, BAHAGIAN A dan BAHAGIAN B. Jawab SEMUA
soalan daripada BAHAGIAN A dan mana-mana SATU (1) soalan dari BAHAGIAN B. Markah bagi tiap-
tiap soalan adalah 20 markak J
Note: Some formulas are given in the Appendix.
Nota: Beberapa rumus diberikan dalam Lampiran.
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SECTION A: This section has 4 questions. Please answer ALL questions.
BAHAGIAN A: Bahagian ini mengandungi 4 soalan. Silajawab SEMUA soalan.
Question 1
[Soalan 1J
a) A (2 x 2 m) square footing is placed at a depth of 1.5 m below the ground surface.
The subsoil consists of a sand layer with bulk unit weight of 16 kN/m
3
, saturated
unit weight of 18.8 kN/m
3
and angle of friction, <I> is 32. By using Meyerhoff's
equation;
[Sebuah tapak segiempat sama (2 x 2 m) diletakkan pada kedalaman 1.5 m di bawah permukaan
tanah. Tanah bawah terdiri daripada lapisan pasir dengan berat unit pukal16 kNlm
3
, berat unit
tepu 18.8 kNlm
3
dan sudut geseran (/J ialah 32. Dengan menggunakan persamaan Meyerhoff,]
i. Estimate the ultimate bearing capacity of the footing if the ground water
table is located at a depth of 5 m below the ground surface.
[Anggarkan keupayaan galas muktamad tapak tersehut jika aras air bawah tanah terletak
pada kedalaman 5 m di bawah permukaan tanah.)
[9 Marks IMarkah]
ii. Estimate the ultimate bearing capacity of the footing if due to some reasons,
the ground water table increases to the ground surface.
[Anggarkan keupayaan galas muktamad tapak tersebut jika kerana beberapa sebab, aras
air bawah tanah meningkat ke permukaan tanah.}
[9 Marks IMarkah]
iii. Compare the results to see if in this case, the position of ground water table
has an effect on the bearing capacity of foundation.
[Bandingkan keputusan untuk melihat jika da/am kes ini, kedudukan aras air bawah tanah
mempunyai kesan ke atas keupayaan galas tapak.}
[2 Marks IMarkah]
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Question 2
[Soa/an2]
-3 - (EAT314)
a) A retaining structure is supporting a 5.3 m high excavation. This wall has moved
sufficiently to develop active condition. The properties of the soil behind retaining
wall are c' = 0, <1>' = 30, 'Yb = 20.4 kN/m
3
, 'Ysat = 22.0 kN/m
3
The ground water
table exists at 2.5 m below ground surface. Assume that the back of the wall is
smooth so that the wall friction angle, d = O.
[Sebuah dinding penahan menyokong pengorekan setinggi 5.3 m. Dinding ini telah bergerak
secukupnya untuk menyebabkan keadaan aktif. Ciri-ciri tanah di be/akang dinding penahan
adalah c' = 0, c[j' = 3rt, Yb = 20.4 kNlm
3
, Y3OI= 22.0 kN/m3. Aras air bumi adalah 2.5 m di bawah
permukaan tanah. Anggap belakang dinding adalah licin jadi sudut geseran dinding, J = 0 ]
1. Sketch the lateral pressure diagram.
[Lakarkan gambarajah tekanan sisi.]
ii. Estimate the lateral earth pressure using Rankine's theory.
[Anggarkan tekanan sis; menggunakan teori Rankine.]
[6 MarkslMarkah]
[8 MarkslMarkah]
iii. Analyze the hydrostatic pressure and total horizontal pressure on the wall.
[Analisa tekanan hidrostatik danjumlah tekanan sisi pada dinding.]
[6 MarkslMarkah]
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Question 3
[Soalan3]
a) A long natural slope in a fissured over consolidated clay is inclined at 12
0
to the
horizontal. The water table is roughly at the surface of the slope. A slip has
developed on a plane parallel to the surface at depth of 5 m. The saturated unit
weight of the clay is 20 kN/m
3
and the peak strength parameters are c' = 10
kN/m2 and (/)' = 26. Analyze the factor of safety along the slip plane.
b)
[Satu eerun semulajadi yang panjang di clalam rekahan tanah liat terkukuh menyondong pada
sudut 12
0
terhadap paksi mendatar. Aras air bumi seeara kasarnya beracla pada permukaan
eerun. Satu gelinciran telah berlaku pada satah yang selari dengan permukaan pada kedalaman 5
m. Berat unit tepu untuk tanah liat adalah 20 kNlm'dan parameter kekuatan puneak ialah e' = 10
kNlm
2
and (/J' = 26', Analisafaktor kese/amatan sepanjang satah gelineiran tersebut.]
[IS MarkslMarkah]
A vertical cut is to be made through a soil mass. The soil has the following
properties; 'Yb= 16.5 kN/m
3
, c' = 25 kPa and <1>' = 21'. Estimate the safe depth of
the cut using a factor of safety = 2.
[Satu pemotongan menegak telah dibuat melalui jisim tanah. Tanah tersebut mempunyai eM-cir;
seperti berikut: "/h = 16.5 kNlm
J
, e' = 25 kPa and (/J' = 21 '. Anggarkan keclalaman pemotongan
selamat menggunakan faktor keselamatan = 2],
[5 MarkslMarkah]
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Question 4
[Soalan4}
- 5 - (EAT314)
a) Analyse the importance of site investigation prior to any construction works.
[Analisa kepentingan kajian tapak sebelum sebarang kerja pembinaan dijalankan.}
[10 MarkslMarkah]
b) The soil sample is essential for laboratory testing to determine the soil properties
at the construction site. Classify the types of soil sample based on the required
laboratory testing. Evaluate the equipment and the procedure required to obtain a
good quality undisturbed samples for laboratory testing.
[Sampel tanah adalah penting untuk pengzyian makmal untuk mengetahui ciri-ciri tanah di
kawasan pembinaan. Kelaskan jenis-jenis sampel tanah berdasarkan ujian makmal yang
diperlukan. Buat penilaian terhadap peralatan dan prosedur yang diperlukan untuk mendapat
sampel tak terganggu yang berkualiti baik untuk pemeriksaan makmal.}
[10 MarkslMarkah]
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SECTION B : This section has 2 questions. Please answer any ONE of the questions.
BAHAGIAN B: Bahagian ini mengandungi 2 soafan. Silajawab mana - mana SATU (1) soa/an.
Question 5
[Soa/an5J
a) A footing is planned to support an allowable load of 1000 kN. The footing will be
embedded 2.0 m below ground surface. The unit weight of soil is 16.68 kN/m
3
and the ground water table is very deep. Terzaghi's equation for ultimate bearing
capacity, quit for square foundation is given by: quit = 1.3 cNc + qNq + OAByN
y
,
while for circular foundation is given by: quit = 1.3 cNc + qNq + O.3ByN
y
Use
factor of safety 3.
[Sebuah tapak dirancang bagi menyokong beban yang dibenarkan 1000 kN. Tapak tersebut
ter/etak pada keda/aman 2.0 m di bawah permukaan tanak Berat unit tanah adalah 16.68 kNlm
3
dan aras air bawah tanah adalah sangat dalam. Persamaan Terzaghi bagi keupayaan galas
muktamad, quit bagi tapak segiempat sama diberi sebaga;: quit = 1.3 cN
c
+ qNq + O.4B"IN-p
sementara bagi tapak bu/at diberi sebaga;: qull = 1.3 cN
c
+ qNq + 0.3B"INy. Gunakan laktor
keselamatan 3.J
1. Design the size of a circular footing if the soil is cohesive (zero angle of
friction) with cohesion value of 30 kPa
[Rekabentuk saiz tapak bulat jika tanah adalah /empung (sudut geseran kosong) dengan
nilai kejelekitan 30 kPa.J
[5 Marks I Markah)
ii. Design the size of a circular footing if the soil is granular (cohesionless) with
angle of friction of 40 degree.
[Rekabentuk saiz tapak bu/at jika tanah adalah berbutir (tiada kejelekitan) dengan sudut
geseran 40 darjah.]
[6 Marks I Markah]
iii. Design the size of a square footing if the soil is cohesive (zero angle of
friction) with cohesion value of 30 kPa.
[Rekabentuk saiz tapak segiempat samajika tanah ada/ah /empung (sudut geseran kosong)
dengan nitai keje/ekitan 30 kPa.]
[4 Marks I Markah]
IV. Design the size of a square footing if the soil is granular (cohesionless) with
angle of friction of 40 degree.
[Rekabentuk saiz tapak segiempat jika tanah ada/ah berbutir (tiada kejelekitan) dengan
sudut geseran 40 darjah.J
[5 Marks I Markah]
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Question 6
[Soalan 6}
a) A concrete pile of diameter 300 mm is to be driven into a medium dense to dense
sand to a depth of 7.5 m. The bulk unit weight of the soil is 20 kN/m
3
No
groundwater was encountered during site investigation. Estimate the bearing
capacity of the pile.
[Satu cerucuk konkrit bergaris pusat 300 mm dipacu lee dalam sederhana padat lee pas;r padat
pada leedalaman 7.5 m. Berat unit pukal tanah ialah 20 kNlm
3
Air bawah tanah tidak dijumpa;
semasa penyiasatan tapak Anggarkan keupayaan galas cerucuk}
Assume the following:
[Anggap yang berikut:]
- Coefficient oflateral earth pressure K is 0.95.
[Pekali tekanan sisi bumi K ialah 0.95.]
Factor of safety is 2.
[Faktor leeselamatan ialah 2.}
- Critical depth is 20 times pile diameter.
[Kedalaman kritikal adalah 20 kali ganda garis pusat cerucuk}
- Tan 8 for concrete against dense sand is 0045.
[Tan 8 untuk konkrit terhadap pasir padat ialah 0.45.]
- N
q
* value is given as 60 (for friction angle of 36)
[Nilai N
q
* diberi sebaga; 60 (untuk sudut geseran 36.)
[10 Marks/Markah]
b) A pile is to be drilled in a stiff clay deposit. The diameter of the pile is 1.05 m and
the pile is to be extended from a depth of 2 m to 20 m. The undrained cohesion of
the soil along the embedment of the pile is shown in Table 1. If the adhesion
factor, a. along the pile is 004, estimate the allowable load on the pile. Use factor
of safety 2.
[Satu cerucuk akan digerudi dalam endapan tanah liat kukuh. Garis pusat cerucuk adalah 1.05 m
dan cerucuk tersebut dilanjutkan dari leedalaman 2 m hingga 20 m. Kejelekitan tidak tersalir
tanah di sepanjang pembenaman cerucuk tersebut adalah seperti yang d;tunjukkan dalam Jadual
1. Jika faktor rekatan, a di sepanjang cerucuk ialah 0.4, anggarkan beban yang dibenarkan lee
atas cerucuk Gunafaktor leeselamatan 2.]
.... 8/-
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Depth (m)
[Kedalaman (m)]
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
- 8 -
Table 1
{Jaduallj
-0000000-
40
60
110
80
150
175
110
165
170
165
220
(EAT314)
[10 MarkslMarkah]
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APPENDIX
Table 1: Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Factors

N,
N.
Ny
0 5.7 1.0 0.0
1 6.0 1.1 0.1
2 6.3 1.2 0.1
3 6.6 1.3 0.2
4 7.0 1.5 0.3
5 7.3 1.6 0.4
-
6 7.7 1.8 O.S
7 8.2 2.0 0.6
8 8.6 2.2 0.7
9 9.1 2.4 0.9 '
10 9.6 2.7 1.0
11 10.2 3.0 1.2
12 10.8 3.3 1.4
13 11.4 3.6 1.6
14 12.1 4.0 1.9
IS 12.9 4.4 2.2
16 13.7 4.9 2.S
17 14.6 5.5 2.9
18 15.5 6.0 3.3
19 16.6 6.1 3.8
20 11.1 1.4 4.4
21 18.9 8.3 5.1
22 20.3 9.2 5.9
23 21.7 10.2 6.8
24 23.4 11.4 7.9
25 25.1 12.7 9.2
26 27.1 14.2 10.7
27 29.2 15.9 12.5
28 31.6 17.8 14.6
29 34.2 20.0 17.1
30 37.2 22.5 20.1
31 40.4 25.3 23.7
32 44.0 28.S 28.0
33 48.1 32.2 ' 33.3
34 52.6 36.S 39.6
35 57.8 41.4 47.3
36 63.S 47.2 56.7
37 70.1 53.8 68.1
38 77.S 61.S 82.3
39 86.0 ,. 70.6 99.8
40 95.7 81.3 121.5
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Table 2: Bearing Capacity Factors (Meyerhoff and Brinch & Hansen)
2
Nc Ng
Nx<M> NX ~ B H )
0 5.14 1.00 0.00 0.00
1 5.38 1.09 0.00 0.00
2 5.63 1.20 0.01 0.01
3 5.90 1.31 0.02 0.03
4 6.19 1.43 0.04 0.05
5 6.49 1.57 0.07 0.09
6 6.81 1.72 0.11 0.14
7 7.16 1.88 0.15 0.19
8 7.53 2.06 0.21 0.27
9 7.92 2.25 0.28 0.36
10 8.35 2.47 0.37 0.47
11 8.80 2.71 0.47 0.60
12 9.28 2.97 0.59 0.75
13 9.81 3.26 0.74 0.94
14 10.37 3.59 0.92 1.16
15 10.98 3.94 1.13 1.42
16 11.63 4.34 1.38 1.72
17 12.34 4.77 1.66 2.07
18 I3.I<) 5.26 2.00 2.49
19 13.93 5.80 2.40 2.97
20 14.83 6.40 2.87 3.54
21 15.82 7.07 3.42 4.19
22 16.88 7.82 4.07 4.96
23 18.05 8.66 4.82 5.85
24 19.32 9.60 5.71 6.89
25 20.72 10.66 6.76 8.11
26 22.25 11.85 8.00 9.53
27 23.94 13.20 9.46 11.19
28 25.80 14.72 11.19 13.13
29 27.86 16.44 13.23 15.41
30 30.14 18.40 15.67 18.08
31 32.67 20.63 18.56 21.23
32 35.49 23.18 22.03 24.95
33 38.64 26.09 26.16 29.33
34 42.16 29.44 31.15 34.53
35 46.12 33.30 37.16 40.71
36 50.59 37.75 44.42 48.06
37 55.63 42.92 53.27 56.86
38 61.35 48.93 64.07 67.40
39 67.87 55.96 77.34 80.11
40 75.31 64.20 93.70 95.46
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o 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Angle of internal friction,
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FORMULA
qult(net) qult - q quIt - yD
f
qall(net) = P;- = Fs = Fs
q= r{D, - D)+r'D
rav =!fyD+r'(B- D)]
B
s,
Sq =
sr =
de
d
q
}an;(I - sin;Y
d
r
=1
ic =iq =(1- :oJ
i, =(I -;)'
de
d
q

d
r
=1
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