UNIT 3:

THE MATTER

Dimensions: length (l)

length = 30 m Is the distance between two bodies Can be measured in:

km kilometres m metres cm centimetres others (miles, inches, )

We usually use a ruler or a tape measure

Dimensions: surface (S)

Surface area = 200 m2 length = 20 m

width = 10 m

20 x 10 = 200

Is space occupied by two dimensions: length width Can be measured in: km2 square kilometres m2 square metres cm2 square centimetres other square miles

Dimensions: volume (V)

Volume = 20 x 10 x 20 = 4000 m3
height = 20 m length = 20 m width = 10 m Is the space occupied by a body Can be measured in: km3 cubic kilometres m3 cubic metres cm3 cubic centimetres other cubic miles The volume has three dimensions: length width height

Length

length = 30 m

length = 20 m

Surface area

ONCE AGAIN
height = 20 m
length = 20 m

width = 10 m

20 x 10 = 200 m2

Volume

width = 10 m
20 x 10 x 20 = 4000 m3

Mass
MASS: Is the amount of matter in a body

The blue ball is heavier than the red one, it has more mass

Units: kg, g, ton, pound, ......

Density
DENSITY: It is how concentrated the mass is

If the yellow and the green balls have the same size, the green ball is denser than the yellow one

Calculation of density
density

mass volume m

500 g 100 cm3 500 g

d 1000 g 100 cm3

=v

100 cm

=5 3

g/cm3

1000 g 100 cm

= 10 3

g/cm3

Temperature
TEMPERATURE: Is the amount of heat that a body can give off or absorb

20 C

25 C

30 C

The hottest body gives off heat The colder body absorbs heat from the hotter body The final temperature will be the average of both

Temperature scales
KELVIN CELSIUS FAHRENHEIT

0 C = 273K

0 K = - 273 C C = (F 32)/1.8 F = (1.8 x C)/ 32 100 C = 212 F 32 F = 0 C)

The Atom
The atoms are made up of small particles: o Protons with positive charge o Neutrons without charge o Electrons with negative charge
Neutrons Protons Electrons

The nucleus is made up of Neutrons and Protons are turning around the nucleus (crust) InThe our Electrons planet, we can find more than one hundred types of atoms The most commons are Hydrogen, Oxygen, Iron, Carbon,

The Molecule
The molecules are made up of atoms, which can be the same or a different type
made up of two atoms of nitrogen

made up of two atoms of oxygen

molecular oxygen

molecular nitrogen

made up of two atoms of hydrogen and one of oxygen

water vapour

carbon dioxide Main atmospheric molecules

made up of two atoms of oxygen and one of carbon

Elements and compounds

made up of two atoms of nitrogen The molecular nitrogen is a chemical element, because all the atoms are the same types

molecular nitrogen

carbon dioxide

made up of two atoms of oxygen and one of carbon

The carbon dioxide is a chemical compound, because there are atoms of two (or more) different elements

Pure and mixed substances

Pure substances: They only have one component (molecule) iron

pure water

Mixed substances: They are made up of two or more different components (molecule)

sea water
homogenous mixtures

granite heterogeneous mixtures

Solutions
> The solutions are homogeneous mixtures > There are different types of solutions Sea water Liquid Solid

Air
Soft drink Alloy

Gas
Liquid Solid (metal)

Gas
Gas Solid (metal)

The characteristics of matter

the matter is made up of small particles these particles are in constant movement the particles are linking by attract forces

The three states of matter

gas

liquid

solid

The particles are farthest apart from each other and its move easily

In a liquid, the particles can do short movements

The particles in a solid don't have any freedom of movement

The properties of solids

The solids : have a fixed shape have a fixed volume are difficult to compress

The properties of liquids

20 litres
20 litres
The liquids : have no fixed shape have a relatively fixed volume are difficult to compress or expanded

The properties of gases

The gases : have no fixed shape or volume have a low density can be compressed and expanded easily

bye, bye, ..