TRNG I HC BCH KHOA H NI

VIN KINH T V QUN L

*

BI TP LN MN

KINH T VN HNH H THNG

Gio vin hng dn: TS. Phan Diu Hng
Nhm sinh vin thc hin: NHM 5

H v tn

MSSV

Lp

Nguyn Th Hng

20106164

KTCN- K55

Nguyn Hu Khi

20091484

KTCN- K54

Nguyn Hi Thanh

20106217

KTCN- K55

PhmTh Minh Hng

20106264

KTCN- K55

Hong Tin Huy

20106179

KTCN- K55

Quch Trung Ngha

20106203

KTCN- K55

Nguyn Th Thu H

20106165

KTCN- K55

L Thu Hng

20106162

KTCN- K55

Th Hoa

20106176

KTCN- K55

Nguyn Th Ha

20106258

KTCN- K55

V nh Tho

20104771

L Vn Thng

20104824

Nguyn Thnh Trung

20104796

Nhm 5

KTCN- K55

Bn nh gi cng vic cc thnh vin trong nhm

Thanh nh gi nh!!

Nhm 5

Bi 1: Mt h thng in c 5 nh my nhit in v 1 nh my thy in. c tnh ca

cc nh my c cho bng di y:
Nh my
A
B
C
D
E
F

Dng nhin liu

Chi ph vn hnh
(104$/MWthng)
0.7
2.0
0.6
0.9
1.8
-

Than
Du
Nguyn t
Kh
Du
Thy in

Cng sut (MW)

150
200
150
100
200
200

in nng pht ra t nh my thy in cho php l 150MWthng. ng ph ti khai

trin l ng thng t 750MW xung 300MW.
Gi s c mt nh my mi chy than cng sut 100 MW c chi ph vn hnh l 0.8
cent/Kwh c a vo h thng th vic sp xp cc nh my trong th ph ti c g
thay i? Chng minh bng tnh ton.
Vic pht in t nh my chy du s c g thay i?
Chi ph ca h thng s thay i nh th no?
V th ng chi ph bin ngn hn theo ph ti h thng.
Khi nh my thy in tng hoc gim kh nng pht in nng 1 MWthng th h thng
c g thay i?
Gii
TH1: Khi nh my mi chy than cha a vo h thng
Phm vi lm vic kinh t nht ca nh my thy in
+ nu nh my thy in chy nn:
tn dng ht cng sut ca nh my th nh my phi sn xut mt lng in nng:
200 x 1 = 200 MW thng.
Lng in nng ny vt qu 150 MW thng l gii hn cho php ca nh my thy
in. Do , khng cho php chy c.

Nhm 5

 tn dng ht kh nng pht in cho php th cng sut pht ca nh my:

150/1 = 150 MW << 200 MW
Cn nu pht vi cng sut l 200 MW th thi gian vn hnh ca nh my:
150/200 = 0.75 (thng)
Khng iu kin chy nn
C hai trng hp trn u khng tn dng ht cng sut cng nh in nng.
+ nu nh my thy in chy nh
Gi thi gian vn hnh ca nh my ch nh l x
tn dng ht ton b in nng cho php vi cng sut 200 MW th thi gian vn
hnh ca nh my:
150/(200*0.5) = 1.5 (thng)
Khng th chy nh
tn dng ht cng sut pht l 200 MW th lng in nng nh my sn xut ra:
0.5*200*x = 100x < 150 MW thng (do nh my chy nh nn x<1)
C th thy trong trng hp chy nh cng khng tn dng c ht cng sut cng
nh kh nng pht ca nh my
V vy, ta nn cho nh my thy in chy di nh mt cht tn dng c ton b
in nng cng nh cng sut pht ca nh my
Da vo d kin u bi ta c th ph ti khai trin sau:

Nhm 5

750

x
A

200

300

300

Xt 2 tam gic ng dng OAB v OCD ta c:

OA/OC = AB/CD
x/(x + 200) = AB/CD

(1)

Vi rng buc v in nng pht ca nh my thy in ta c:

SABDC = 150 MW thng

(AB + CD)*AC/2 = 150

(AB + CD)*200/2 = 150

AB + CD = 1.5
AB = 1.5 CD

(2)

x/(x + 200) = (1.5 - CD)/CD

(3)

Thay (2) vo (1) ta c:

Xt 2 tam gic ng dng OCD v OEF ta c:

OC/OE = CD/EF
(x+200)/450 = CD/1

Nhm 5

x + 200 = 450CD

(4)

Thay (4) vo (3) ta c:

(450CD 200)/450CD = (1.5 CD)/CD
450CD 200 = 450*1.5 450CD
900CD = 875
CD = 0.972
450CD = 437.5

(*)

Thay (*) vo (4) ta c:

x + 200 = 437.5
x = 237.5
Do phm vi hot ng ca nh my thy in trong th ph ti tn dng ti a
cng sut v in nng l t 312.5 MW 512.5 MW
Kt hp cc d kin u bi cng vi kt qu tnh ton trn ta c bng phn phi sau:
Khong nhu cu ph ti
(MW)
0 150
150 300
300 312.5
312.5 512.5
512.5 612.5
612.5 - 750

Nh my
C
A
B
F
D
E

Chi ph vn hnh
(104$/MW thng)
0.6
0.7
2.0
0.9
1.8

Minh ha bng hnh v nh sau

Nhm 5

E
137.5

100

200

12.5
150

A
C

150

TH2: khi nh my mi chy than c a vo h thng

Nh my mi chy than c chi ph vn hnh l 0.8 cent/Kwh tng ng vi 0.576
104$/MW thng . Gi nh my mi c a vo l G ta c bng sau:
Nh my
A
B
C
D
E
F
G

Dng nhin liu

Than
Du
Nguyn t
Kh
Du
Thy in
Than

Chi ph vn hnh
(104$/MWthng)
0.7
2.0
0.6
0.9
1.8
0.576

Cng sut (MW)

150
200
150
100
200
200
100

Do nh my thy in coi nh khng c chi ph vn hnh nn khong lm vic ca nh

my thy in vn khng thay i t 312.5 MW 512.5 MW
Phn phi tng t nh trn ta c bng sau:

Nhm 5

Khong nhu cu ph ti
(MW)
0 100
100 250
250 312.5
312.5 512.5
512.5 652.5
662.5 - 750

Nh my
G
C
D
F
A
E

Chi ph vn hnh
(104$/MW thng)
0.576
0.6
0.9
0.7
1.8

Ta c th thy vi vic a nh my mi chy than vo h thng t t sp xp cc nh

my c s thay i. l s thay i phn nn, do nh my mi c chi ph thp nht
trong s cc nh my nhit in nn n c u tin tng ti trc. V trong thng hp
ny chng ta khng phi s dng ti nh my B, phn cng sut ca nh my B c nh
my D m nhn. phn cng sutb ca nh my E cng gim i v c m nhn bi
nh my A.
Minh ha bng hnh v nh sau

E
87.5

150

200

62.5

150

C
G

100

Nhm 5

Nh trnh by trn trong trng hp c nh my mi chng ta khng phi

a nh my B vo vn hnh. Do vic pht in t nh my chy du thay i
l chng ta ch phi vn hnh 1 nh my c chi ph 1.8 104$/MW thng thay v
phi vn hnh c 2 nh my nh trc kia. V nh my chy du vn hnh
khong cng sut 662.5 MW 750 MW. Thay v 612.5 MW 750 MW nh trc
kia.
Da vo bng cng nh th ta c th thy chi ph ca h thng s gim i. Ta c
th tnh c lng chi ph h thng gim xung nh sau: gi lng chi ph gim
c l
= CFVH( C +A + B +D +E)TH1 CFVH( G + C +D + A +E)TH2
+Tnh CFVH( C +A + B +D +E)TH1
tnh c trng hp ny ta cn tnh c thi gian vn hnh ca nh my E
Ta c hnh sau

E
137.5

x
100

200

12.5

B
z

150

A
C

150

Theo tnh ton t trc ta c z= 0.972; y= 1.5 0.972 = 0.528

Theo t s ng dng ta c
x/y = 137.5/(137.5 + 100)
x/0.528 = 0.58

Nhm 5

x = 0.306 (thng)
CFVH( C +A + B +D +E)TH1 = 150*1*0.6 + 150*1*0.7 + 0.5*12.5(1+0.972)*2 +
0.5*100*(0.306 + 0.528)*0.9 + 0.5*137.5*0.306*1.8 295.05 ( 104$)
+ Tnh CFVH( G + C +D + A +E)TH2
tnh c trng hp ny ta cn tnh c thi gian vn hnh ca nh my E
Ta c hnh sau

E
87.5

A
150
y

200

D
z

62.5

150

100

Theo tnh ton t trc ta c z= 0.972; y= 0.528

Theo t s ng dng ta c
x/y = 87.5/(87.5 + 150)
x/0.528 = 0.368
x = 0.195 (thng)
CFVH( G + C +D + A +E)TH2 = 100*1*0.576 + 150*1*0.6 + [50*1 + 0.5*12.5*(1
+ 0.972)]*0.9 + 0.5*150*(0.195+0.528)*0.7 + 0.5*87.5*0.195*1.8 257.01 (104$)
= CFVH( C +A + B +D +E)TH1 CFVH( G + C +D + A +E)TH2

Nhm 5

10

= 295.05 257.01
= 38.04 (104$)

th ng ch ph bin ngn hn ca h thng

+TH1
SRMC(10^4$/MW thng)
2
1.8

0.9
0.7
0.6

0
150

300 312.5

512.5

312.5

512.5

612.5

750

+TH2
SRMC(10^4$/MW thng)

1.8

0.9
0.7
0.6
0.576

0
100

250

662.5

750

Khi kh nng pht in ca nh my thy in tng gim 1 MW thng

C th thy ngay iu ny s khin phm vi lm vic ca nh my in thay i

+ TH1: kh nng pht in ca nh my thy in l 151 MW thng

Nhm 5

11

Vn da vo th

750

x
A

200

300

300

Bng lp lun tng t ta c c cc phng trnh:

x/(x + 200) = AB/CD
AB = 1.51 CD

(1)
(2)

x/(x + 200) = (1.51 - CD)/CD

(3)

x + 200 = 450CD

(4)

Thay (4) vo (3) ta c:

(450CD 200)/450CD = (1.51 CD)/CD
450CD 200 = 1.51*450 450CD
900CD = 879.5
450CD = 439.75 (**)
Thay (**) vo (4) ta c:
x + 200 = 439.75

Nhm 5

12

x = 239.75
Khi phm vi hot ng ca nh my thy in s l t 310.25 MW 510.25 MW
Ta c th thy khi kh nng pht in tng phn ph ti ca nh my thy in c xu
hng m rng xung pha di. iu ny s gip tit kim chi ph cho h thng
+ TH1: kh nng pht in ca nh my thy in l 149 MW thng
Tng t ta cng c cc phng trnh
x/(x + 200) = AB/CD
AB = 1.49 CD

(1)
(2)

x/(x + 200) = (1.49 - CD)/CD

(3)

x + 200 = 450CD

(4)

Thay (4) vo (3) ta c:

(450CD 200)/450CD = (1.49 CD)/CD
450CD 200 = 1.49*450 450CD
900CD = 870.5
450CD = 435.25 (**)
Thay (**) vo (4) ta c:
x + 200 = 435.25
x = 235.25
Khi phm vi hot ng ca nh my thy in s l t 314.75 MW 514.75 MW
Ta c th thy phn ph ti ca nh my thy in trong trng hp ny c xu hng
tin ln phn nh. iu ny ng ngha vic h thng phi tn thm chi ph khi lng
in nng gim do nh my thy in c b p bi cc nh my nhit in trong
h thng.

Nhm 5

13

Bi 2: Trong mt h thng in bao gm c nh my thy in v nh my nhit in.

nhu cu in nng v d liu v dng nc qua nh my thy in trong nm c d
bo nh sau:

Cc s liu
Nhu cu in (MWthng)
Dng nc vo (MWthng)

Thi k
I
500
300

II
600
100

III
500
200

IV
500
300

in nng c pht ra t cc nh my thy in khc nhau c th c xem nh t mt

nh my chung, c h cha dung lng 400MWthng. Mc nc thp nht ca h cha
bt k thi gian no khng c thp hn 100MWthng.
Trong h thng cn c 2 nh my nhit in cng pht in vi nh my thy in. Cng
sut v chi ph vn hnh tng ng nh sau:
Nh my
A
B

Cng sut (MW)

100
100

Chi ph (106$/Twh)
1.1
1.7

Tnh tng chi ph nh nht pht in p ng nhu cu ph ti v d tr nc ti u

trong nm bit rng d tr nc ban u v cui cng l 300MWthng.
V ng d tr nc ti u trong nm?
Tnh chi ph bin ngn hn mi thi k?
Xc nh lng in pht ra t nh my nhit in mi thi k?
Nu mc d tr ti thiu ca nh my thy in trong h thng tng thm 1MWthng th
c g thay i? Chng minh bng tnh ton.
Nu mc d tr giai on cui l 400MWthng th c g thay i trong cc tnh ton.
Chng minh bng tnh ton.

Nhm 5

14

Gi thit rng cc nh my nhit in c phn phi theo phng php xp hng.

Gii
Trc ht thng nht n v tnh ta c bng sau
Nh my

Cng sut (MW)

A
B

100
100

Chi ph (104$/100MW
thng)
7.92
12.24

Vi cng sut ca mi nh my nhit in l 100 MW in nng sn xut tng nh

my trong tng thi k dao ng trong khong t 0 300 MW thng
Bi ton yu cu phn phi ti u cho cc nh my trong h thng trong c thi k v
phi m bo cc yu cu rng buc t ra . Hm mc tiu c th biu din nh sau:
T

t (St ) min

vi cc rng buc nu trn.

Trong :
t(St): Chi ph vn hnh h thng thi k t.
Ta cn tnh ton chi ph hot ng ca h thng Ct(Ht) i vi cc mc khc
nhau v nhu cu in v lng nc cho sn xut in. Bng 1 th hin cc chi ph
ny.
Bng 1. Chi ph vn hnh ca h thng in
n v tnh: 104$/100MW thng
Nhu cu

Tng nng lng thy in c th pht trong k Ht (MW thng)

(MW thng)

100

200

300

400

100

7.92

200

15.84

7.92

Nhm 5

15

300

23.76

15.84

7.92

400

36

23.76

15.84

7.92

500

48.24

36

23.76

15.84

7.92

600

60.48

48.25

36

23.76

15.84

p dng phng php quy hoch ng Bellman. Biu thc lp xui chi ph h thng
c th hin:
fij(n) = Cij(n) + f*i(n-1)
Trong :
: Tng chi ph ca h thng trng thi j ca bc n qua trng thi i ca

fij(n)

bc n-1;
Cij(n)

: Chi ph chuyn t trng thi i ca bc n-1 sang trng thi j bc n;

f*i(n-1)

: Chi ph nh nht ca h thng t c trng thi i bc n-1.

t :
Sn

: Trng thi n;

Sn-1

: Trng thi ngay trc trng thi n;

It

: Dng nc chy vo nh my trong k hin ti (TWh) (dng nc vo);

Ht

: Tng lng nc chy qua trong k hin ti

Ht = St + It Sj

ht

: Tng in nng c sn xut bi nh my thy in trong k hin ti;

: Tng in nng sn xut trong k hin ti bi cc nh my nhit in.

Tnh ton c th cho mi giai on c th hin:
(4) = (2) +(3) - (1);
(4) > D spill ; (4) D

Nhm 5

Hj = hj;

16

(6) = (4) Dt

; (7) = Dt (5) ; (9) = 8 + min fi (n-1)

+) Bc 1: D = 500 MW thng

Kt qu tnh ton bc 1 c trnh by trong bng di

1

Sj(n)

Si(n-1)

Ij

Hi

hj

100
200
300
400

300
300
300
300

300
300
300
300

500
400
300
200

500
400
300
200

6
X
tha
Sj
0
0
0
0

10

Cij

fij(n)

f*j(n)

0
100
200
300

0
7.92
15.84
23.76

0
7.92
15.84
23.76

0
7.92
15.84
23.76

10

Cij

fij(n)

f*j(n)

500
400
300
200
600
500
400
300
*
600
500

48.24
36
23.76
15.84
60.48
48.24
36
23.76
*
60.48
48.24

48.24
43.92
39.6
39.6
60.48
56.16
51.84
47.52
*
68.4
64.08

+) Bc 2: D = 600 MW thng
Kt qu tnh ton bc 2 c trnh by trong bng di
1

Sj(n)

Si(n-1)

Ij

Hi

hj

100
100
100
100
200
200
200
200
300
300
300

100
200
300
400
100
200
300
400
100
200
300

100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100

100
200
300
400
0
100
200
300
*
0
100

100
200
300
400
0
100
200
300
*
0
100

Nhm 5

6
X
tha
Sj
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

39.6
39.6

47.52
*

17

300
400
400
400
400

400
100
200
300
400

100
100
100
100
100

200
*
*
0
100

200
*
*
0
100

0
0
0
0
0

400
*
*
600
500

36
*
*
60.48
48.24

59.76
*
*
76.32
72

59.76
*
*

10

Cij

fij(n)

f*j(n)

300
200
100
0
400
300
200
100
500
400
300
200
*
500
400
300

23.76
15.84
7.92
0
36
23.76
15.84
7.92
48.24
36
23.76
15.84
*
48.24
36
23.76

63.36
63.36
67.68
72
75.6
71.28
75.6
79.92
87.84
83.52
83.52
87.84
*
95.76
95.76
95.76

63.36
63.36

72

+) Bc 3: D = 500 MW thng
Kt qu tnh ton bc 3 c trnh by trong bng di
1

Sj(n)

Si(n-1)

Ij

Hi

hj

100
100
100
100
200
200
200
200
300
300
300
300
400
400
400
400

100
200
300
400
100
200
300
400
100
200
300
400
100
200
300
400

200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200

200
300
400
500
100
200
300
400
0
100
200
300
*
0
100
200

200
300
400
500
100
200
300
400
0
100
200
300
*
0
100
200

6
X
tha
Sj
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

71.28

83.52
83.52
*
95.76
95.76
95.76

+) Bc 4: D = 500 MW thng

Nhm 5

18

Kt qu tnh ton bc 4 c trnh by trong bng di

1

Sj(n)

Si(n-1)

Ij

Hi

hj

300
300
300
300

100
200
300
400

300
300
300
300

100
200
300
400

100
200
300
400

6
X
tha
Sj
0
0
0
0

10

Cij

fij(n)

f*j(n)

400
300
200
100

36
23.76
15.84
7.92

99.36
95.04
99.36
103.68

95.04

Tng chi ph nh nht : 95.04 x 10^4$

-

V ng d tr nc ti u trong nm
D tr
cui mi
giai on
(MW
thng) 5

4
4

3
2

Thi k

II

III

IV

Ch c mt phng n tha mn yu cu bi ton

Phng n
Ti u

Mc d tr cui mi thi k (MW thng)

0

II

III

IV

300

400

200

200

300

Lng in nng pht t nh my nhit in theo phng n ti u

Nhm 5

19

Phng n

in pht t nh my nhit in trong thi k (MW thng)

Ti u

II

III

IV

300

300

300

300

Chi ph bin ngn hn ti mi thi k

Chi ph bin ngn hn trong thi k (104$/100MW thng)

Phng n
Ti u

II

III

IV

7.92

7.92

7.92

7.92

Mc d tr ti thiu ca nh my thy in tng 1 MW thng

iu ny c th khin chi ph tng thm khi nh my nhit in phi vn hnh
b vo phn cng sut thiu ht do nh my thy in tng d tr
Vi cc gi nh tng t nh trn ta c

+) Bc 1: D = 500 MW thng
Kt qu tnh ton bc 1 c trnh by trong bng di
1

Sj(n)

Si(n-1)

Ij

Hi

hj

101
200
300
400

300
300
300
300

300
300
300
300

499
400
300
200

499
400
300
200

Nhm 5

6
X
tha
Sj
0
0
0
0

10

Cij

fij(n)

f*j(n)

1
100
200
300

0.0792
7.92
15.84
23.76

0.0792
7.92
15.84
23.76

0.0792
7.92
15.84
23.76

20

+) Bc 2: D = 600 MW thng
1

Sj(n)

Si(n-1)

Ij

Hi

hj

101
101
101
101
200
200
200
200
300
300
300
300
400
400
400
400

101
200
300
400
101
200
300
400
101
200
300
400
101
200
300
400

100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100

100
199
299
399
1
100
200
300
*
0
100
200
*
*
0
100

100
199
299
399
1
100
200
300
*
0
100
200
*
*
0
100

6
X
tha
Sj
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

10

Cij

fij(n)

f*j(n)

500
401
301
201
599
500
400
300
*
600
500
400
*
*
600
500

48.24
36.1224
23.8824
15.9192
60.3576
48.24
36
23.76
*
60.48
48.24
36
*
*
60.48
48.24

48.3192
44.0424
39.7224
39.6792 39.6792
60.4368
56.16
51.84
47.52
47.52
*
*
68.4
64.08
59.76
59.76
*
*
*
*
76.32
72
72

+) Bc 3: D = 500 MW thng

Nhm 5

21

Sj(n)

Si(n-1)

Ij

Hi

hj

101
101
101
101
200
200
200
200
300
300
300
300
400
400
400
400

101
200
300
400
101
200
300
400
101
200
300
400
101
200
300
400

200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200

200
299
399
499
101
200
300
400
1
100
200
300
*
0
100
200

200
299
399
499
101
200
300
400
1
100
200
300
*
0
100
200

6
X
tha
Sj
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

10

Cij

fij(n)

f*j(n)

300
201
101
1
399
300
200
100
499
400
300
200
*
500
400
300

23.76
15.9192
7.9992
0.0792
35.8776
23.76
15.84
7.92
48.1176
36
23.76
15.84
*
48.24
36
23.76

10

Cij

fij(n)

f*j(n)

63.4392 63.4392
63.4392 63.4392
67.7592
72.0792
75.5568
71.28
71.28
75.6
79.92
87.7968
83.52
83.52
83.52
83.52
87.84
*
*
95.76
95.76
95.76
95.76
95.76
95.76

+) Bc 4: D = 500 MW thng
1

Sj(n)

Si(n-1)

Ij

Hi

hj

300
300
300
300

101
200
300
400

300
300
300
300

101
200
300
400

101
200
300
400

6
X
tha
Sj
0
0
0
0

399
300
200
100

35.8776 99.3168
23.76
95.04
15.84
99.36
7.92
103.68

95.04

Tng chi ph nh nht : 95.04 x 10^4$

Qua kt qu nhn c ta thy khng c s thay i trong chi ph vn hnh ca h
thng do ti phng n ti u, trong sut 4 giai on th ko c giai on no nh
my phi d tr ti mc d tr ti thiu (101 MW thng) nn khng xy ra s tng
chi ph do nh my thy in tng d tr.
Nhm 5

22

Nu mc d tr giai on cui l 400MWthng th c g thay i

C th thy do ch thay i giai on cui nn s thay i ch din ra ti bng th 4

+) Bc 4: D = 500 MW thng
1

Sj(n)

Si(n-1)

Ij

Hi

hj

400
400
400
400

100
200
300
400

300
300
300
300

6
X
tha
Sj
0
0
0
0

0
0
100
100
200
200
300
300
Tng chi ph nh nht : 107.28 x 10^4$

10

Cij

fij(n)

f*j(n)

500
400
300
200

48.24
36
23.76
15.84

111.6
107.28
107.28
111.6

107.28
107.28

C th thy chi ph vn hnh ti u ca h thng tng ln v chng ta cng c thm

cc phng n ti u
Minh ha thng qua hnh v d tr nc ti u ca nh my thy in
D tr
cui mi
giai on
( MW
thng)
5

3
2

Thi k

Nhm 5

II

III

IV

23

Nhm 5

24

Nhm 5

25