Study On The Possibility of Inspecting The Presence of Stratified Water Masses Using An Echosounder

Introduction
The Amundsen sea, West Antarctica

The EM122 multibeam echo-sounder
Comparison WCD/CTD
Simulation
Comments and conclusions
Stockholm University
Study on the possibility of inspecting
the presence of stratied water masses
using an echosounder
Lorenzo Rossato MSc
lorenzo.rossato@gmail.com
Department of Physics
Project Presentation
3rd December 2012
Lorenzo Rossato Academic Year 2011-2012 Physics Department Master of Science 1 / 15
Introduction
Comparison WCD/CTD
Simulation
Table of Contents
Introduction
Comparison WCD/CTD
Simulation
Introduction
Comparison WCD/CTD
Simulation
The Pine Island Bay survey
0 500 km
Ross Sea
Amundsen
Sea
Bellingshausen
Sea
WEST
ANTARCTICA
EAST
ANTARCTICA
Weddell
Sea
McMurdo
Station
This cruise is the result of a
synergy between Stockholm,
Lund and Rice University.
Projects on board:
- Geophysics (bathymetry)
- Oceanography (CDW)
- Ecology (zooplankton
pigmentation)
- Physics (cosmic rays)
Introduction
Comparison WCD/CTD
Simulation
The Pine Island Bay survey
0 500 km
Ross Sea
Amundsen
Sea
Bellingshausen
Sea
WEST
ANTARCTICA
EAST
ANTARCTICA
Weddell
Sea
McMurdo
Station
This cruise is the result of a
synergy between Stockholm,
Lund and Rice University.
Projects on board:
- Geophysics (bathymetry)
- Oceanography (CDW)
- Ecology (zooplankton
pigmentation)
- Physics (cosmic rays)
Introduction
Comparison WCD/CTD
Simulation
Acquired geophysical data
XBT probes were completed regularly;
CTD stations were used in PIB.
80
S
78
S
76
S
74
S
72
S
70
S
l
a
t
i
t
u
d
e
90
W 100
W 110
W 120
W 130
W 140
W 150
W 160
W 170
W 180
W
longitude
-1000
-800
-600
-400
-200
0
d
e
p
t
h
[
m
]
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
T
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
[
C
]
2 1 0 1 2
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
d
e
p
t
h
[
m
]
(a)
2 1 0 1 2
t [
C]
(b)
2 1 0 1 2
(c)
Introduction
Comparison WCD/CTD
Simulation
Apparatus description
Components:
- Transducer unit
- Transceiver unit
- The operator system
- Ancillary systems
Signal
+
t
L
Beamsteering procedure:
= sin
c n t
L

Introduction
Comparison WCD/CTD
Simulation
Sonar equation
The sonar equation is a mean for
determining the eects of the
medium, targets and sonar
equipment on sound propagation:
SL 2TL +TS
NL +TVG > DT
SL = 10 log
10
12
c
4
P
A
+DI
DI = 46.2 log(
x
y
)
2TL = 40 log r + 2 10
3
r
TVG = Xlog r + 2
r +C
70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 10
Intensity [dB]
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
d
e
p
t
h
[
m
]
Theoretical model and experimental
data; here X = 30 dB, = 2.3 dBm
1
,
C = 0 dB and TS NL 230 dB.
Introduction
Comparison WCD/CTD
Simulation
Data structure
Main features
- Data organised in pings
- Ping rate up to 5 Hz
- 288 beams per ping
- Operative freq. of 12 kHz
1000 500 0 500 1000
width [m]
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
d
e
p
t
h
[
m
]
56
48
40
32
24
16
8
0
8
I
n
t
e
n
s
i
t
y
[
d
B
]
Introduction
Comparison WCD/CTD
Simulation
Analisys procedure
Steps
- Mean along horizontal lines per each ping.
- Median of 200 pings.
1000 500 0 500 1000
width [m]
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
d
e
p
t
h
[
m
]
60 45 30 15 0
Signal [dB]
Introduction
Comparison WCD/CTD
Simulation
Comparison WCD/CTD
Introduction
Comparison WCD/CTD
Simulation
Comparison WCD/CTD
106
52
106
51
longitude
1000
800
600
400
200
0
d
e
p
t
h
[
m
]
65 60 55 50 45 40
Signal [dB]
2 1 0 1 2
t [
C]
Introduction
Comparison WCD/CTD
Simulation
Comparison WCD/CTD
153
37
153
35
longitude
1600
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
d
e
p
t
h
[
m
]
65 60 55 50 45 40
Signal [dB]
2 1 0 1 2
t [
C]
Introduction
Comparison WCD/CTD
Simulation
Simulation
Reproduction of medium:
R =
z
1
z
2
z
1
+z
2
z = c
=
g
P
S
A
,t
1
c =
S
A
,
= g
P
g
TT
g
2
TP
g
TT
g
PP
Signal:
x = sin 2t
z
1
=
1
c
1
z
2
=
2
c
2
R
1
R
2
Result:
y = R x
Introduction
Comparison WCD/CTD
Simulation
Results
2 1 0 1 2
t [
C]
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
d
e
p
t
h
[
m
]
40 20 0 20 40
conv [.]
Long. 107
W
t = 0.01 s
2 1 0 1 2
t [
C]
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
d
e
p
t
h
[
m
]
40 20 0 20 40
conv [.]
z
Long. 107
W
t = 0.1 s
Introduction
Comparison WCD/CTD
Simulation
Results
2 1 0 1 2
t [
C]
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
d
e
p
t
h
[
m
]
40 20 0 20 40
conv [.]
Long. 161
W
t = 0.01 s
2 1 0 1 2
t [
C]
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
d
e
p
t
h
[
m
]
40 20 0 20 40
conv [.]
Long. 161
W
t = 0.1 s
Introduction
Comparison WCD/CTD
Simulation
Conclusions
Comments
- There is no evidence of a direct identication of water masses.
- The weird signal could be due to biological activity.
- Under particular conditions is theoretically possible to resolve
weak thermoclines.
Further perspectives
- To map biological activity.
- To evaluate a EM122 transfer function.

Study On The Possibility of Inspecting The Presence of Stratified Water Masses Using An Echosounder

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Introduction

The Amundsen sea, West Antarctica

Lorenzo Rossato Academic Year 2011-2012 Physics Department Master of Science 5 / 15

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