1

(a)

Diagram 1 shows part of the Supermarket ABC. In the supermarket, similar foods are
grouped together to make it easier for us to shop. The products sold on the supermarket
are classified into sections for canned food, drinks, frozen food, biscuits, fruits, detergents,
plastic products and so on. If the food products are mixed up it will take ages for us to find
what we want. Similarly, in the Periodic Table, elements with the same chemical properties
are grouped together.
Rajah 1 menunjukkan sebahagian daripada Pasar Raya ABC. Di pasar raya, makanan
yang sama dikumpulkan bersama-sama untuk membuat ia lebih mudah bagi kita untuk
membeli-belah. Produk yang dijual di pasar raya dikelaskan ke dalam bahagian untuk
makanan dalam tin, minuman, makanan sejuk beku, biskut, buah-buahan, bahan pencuci,
barangan plastik dan sebagainya. Jika produk makanan yang bercampur ia akan
mengambil masa yang lama bagi kita untuk mencari apa yang kita mahu. Begitu juga,
dalam Jadual Berkala, unsur-unsur dengan sifat kimia yang sama dikumpulkan bersama.

Diagram 1 / Rajah 1
How to arrange the elements in the Periodic Table?
Bagaimana untuk menyusun unsur-unsur dalam Jadual Berkala?

[1 mark / markah]
(b)

Diagram 2 shows the symbols for two elements, T and U. The letters that are used are not
the actual symbols for the elements.
Rajah 2 menunjukkan simbol bagi dua unsur, T dan U. Huruf yang digunakan bukanlah
simbol sebenar unsur-unsur itu.

23

T
11

39

U
19

Diagram 2 / Rajah 2

Diagram 3 shows two experiments conducted by student A to study reaction of elements T

and U in water. Each of a small piece of element T and element U are put into two different
containers containing distilled water.
Rajah 3 menunjukkan dua eksperimen yang dijalankan oleh pelajar A untuk mengkaji
tindak balas unsur-unsur T dan U dalam air. Setiap satu daripada sebahagian kecil
daripada unsur T dan unsur U dimasukkan ke dalam dua bekas yang berbeza yang
mengandungi air suling.

Element T
Unsur T

Element U
Unsur U
Diagram 3 / Rajah 3

(i)

What is the method that is used to determine the position of the elements in the
group?
Apakah cara yang digunakan dalam menentukan kedudukan unsur dalam
kumpulan?
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
[3 marks / 3 markah]

(ii)

Why is there a difference in the observations of the reactions with water for the two
elements?
Mengapakan terdapat perbezaan pemerhatian bagi tindak balas dengan air untuk
kedua-dua unsur tersebut?
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
[1 mark / 1 markah]

(iii)

State the relationship between the reactivity and the position of the valence electron.
Nyatakan hubungan antara kereaktifan dengan kedudukan elektron valens.
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
[1 mark / 1 markah]

(c)

Heliox is a mixture of gas X and gas Y used by technical divers on very deep / long
decompression dives. It is not used by recreational divers. The characteristic of gas X and
gas Y are shown in Table 1.
Heliox adalah campuran gas X dan gas Y yang digunakan oleh penyelam teknikal yang
sangat dalam / selaman penyahmampatan panjang. Ia tidak digunakan oleh penyelam
rekreasi. Ciri-ciri gas X dan gas Y adalah seperti dalam Jadual 1.
Gas X
- Inert gas
Gas lengai

Gas Y
- Essential for breathing
Penting untuk pernafasan

- Less soluble in water

Kurang larut dalam air

- Dissolve in water
Larut dalam air
Table 1 / Jadual 1

(i)

What is gas Y?
Apakah gas Y?
.......................................................................................................................................
[1 mark / 1 markah]

(ii)

Can you fill your tank with pure gas Y? Explain your answer.
Bolehkah anda mengisi tangki anda dengan gas Y tulen? Jelaskan jawapan anda.
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
[2 marks / 2 markah]

(iii)

Under pressure in deep water, gas X is uses to dilute gas Y. Name the gas X.
Di bawah tekanan dalam air yang dalam, gas X digunakan untuk mencairkan gas Y.
Namakan gas X.
.......................................................................................................................................
[1 mark / 1 markah]

Diagram 4 shows two chemical compounds that are used daily, table salt and cooking oil.
Rajah 4 menunjukkan dua sebatian kimia yang digunakan dalam kehidupan seharian, iaitu
garam biasa dan minyak memasak.

Diagram 4 / Rajah 4
(a)

State the types of chemical bonds that are formed in the two substances.
Nyatakan jenis ikatan kimia yang membentuk kedua-dua bahan tersebut.
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
[2 marks / 2 markah]

(b)

State two physical properties that can differentiate between the two compounds.
Nyatakan dua sifat fizik yang membezakan kedua-dua sebatian tersebut..
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
[2 marks / 2 markah]

(c)

Compare the forces of attraction that exist in the two compounds.

Bandingkan daya tarikan yang wujud dalam kedua-dua sebatian tersebut.
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
[2 marks / 2 markah]

(d)

Explains how the chemical bond of table salt is formed.

Terangkan bagaimana ikatan kimia garam biasa terbentuk.
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
.
...............................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
[4 marks / 4 markah]

Format borang pembinaan item KBAT

KONTEKS

Ikatan kimia

KONSTRUK

Menganalisis, Menilai

ARAS KESUKARAN

Sederhana

DEFINISI
PENGETAHUAN

Langkah /
No

Domain
kognitif

Pengetahuan

Kefahaman

Aplikasi

Analisis

Sintesis

(evidens)

CIRI UTAMA KBAT

(a)

Jenis soalan: Esei

Konsep

STIMULUS

PELBAGAI TAHAP/ ARAS PEMIKIRAN

KONTEKS BAHARU/ BUKAN LAZIM

SITUASI SEBENAR DALAM KEHIDUPAN

SEHARIAN

ITEM TIDAK BERULANG

Carbon dioxide is one of two oxides of carbon. Carbon dioxide is a linear covalent
compound.

Karbon dioksida adalah salah satu daripada dua oksida karbon. Karbon dioksida adalah
sebatian kovalen linear.

Diagram 3 / Rajah 3
(i)

State the type of covalent bond in carbon dioxide?

Nyatakan jenis ikatan kovalen dalam karbon dioksida?
.
[1 mark / 1 markah]

(ii)

Write the chemical formula for carbon dioxide.

Tulis formula kimia bagi karbon dioksida.
..
[1 mark / 1 markah]

(iii)

Explain how the compound is formed and draw the electron arrangement of the
compound formed.
Jelaskan bagaimana sebatian ini boleh terbentuk dan lukiskan susunan elektron
bagi sebatian yang terbentuk.
.
.
.

..
[8 marks / 8 markah]

(iv)

Name the other oxide of carbon.

Namakan oksida karbon yang lain.

.
[1 mark / 1 markah]
(b)

Oxygen can also react with sodium to form another compound with the formula Na2O.
Oksigen juga boleh bertindak balas dengan natrium untuk membentuk sebatian lain
dengan formula Na2O itu.

(i)

Compare the melting point of compound Na2O with the melting point of carbon
dioxide.
Bandingkan takat lebur sebatian Na2O dengan takat lebur karbon dioksida
.......................................................................................................................................
[1 mark / 1 markah]
Suggest an answer in 7(b) (i)

(ii)

Cadangkan jawapan dalam 7 (b) (i)

.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
[2 mark / 2 markah]

(c)

Dry ice / ais kering

Carbon dioxide can exists as solid carbon dioxide and is known as dry ice. Dry ice has
super cold surface temperature of -79 C. As it breaks down it turns directly into carbon
dioxide gas.
At much higher pressure carbon dioxide can exist in liquid form.
Karbon dioksida boleh wujud sebagai pepejal dan dikenali sebagai ais kering. Ais kering
mempunyai suhu permukaan super sejuk -79 darjah celsius. Ia akan berubah terus ke
dalam bentuk gas karbon dioksida apabila terdedah kepada persekitaran..
Pada tekanan lebih tinggi karbon dioksida boleh wujud dalam bentuk cecair.
(i)

Name the process which turns solid carbon dioxide directly into gas.
Namakan proses bilamana karbon dioksida pepejal bertukar secara
langsung kepada gas.

[1 mark / 1 markah]

(ii)

If Siva wants to transport frozen food to Thailand which type of Carbon dioxide would
you suggest him to use?
Jika Siva mahu mengangkut makanan sejuk beku ke Thailand jenis karbon dioksida
apakah yang anda cadangkan supaya beliau guna?
.......................................................................................................................................
[1 mark / 1 markah]

(iii)

Explain your answer.

Jelaskan jawapan anda.
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................
[2 marks / 2 markah]
(iv)

This is a fire extinguisher used to put out small fire. Suggest why liquid
carbon dioxide under pressure is used to fill in the tank?
Ini adalah alat pemadam api yang digunakan untuk memadamkan
kebakaran kecil. Cadangkan mengapa karbon dioksida cecair di bawah
tekanan digunakan untuk mengisi tangka tersebut?

..

..

..
[2 marks / 2markah]

Answer:
1

(a)

Increasing order of proton number

(b)

(i)

(iii)

1. By used of the proton number and construct electron arrangement for both
elements
2. Element T 2.8.1
3. Element U 2.8.8.1
This is because U element reacts more reactive with water as compared to T
element
Reactivity increases if the position of valence electron is further away from nucleus

(i)

Oxygen

(ii)

1. No
2. Oxygen becomes rapidly toxic at depth // Oxygen is highly reactive and can make
other substances flammable
Helium

(ii)

(c)

(iii)
2

(a)
(b)

(c)
(d)

1. Table salt Ionic bond

2. Cooking oil Covalent bond
1. Table salt has high melting point / in solid state, cooking oil has low melting point / in
liquid state
2. Table salt can dissolve / soluble in water, cooking oil cannot dissolve / soluble in water
1. The forces of attraction in table salt are stronger than those in cooking oil
2. because the melting point of table salt is higher than that of cooking oil
1. Table salt (sodium chloride) is formed through the transfer of electrons between sodium
atom and chlorine atom
2. Sodium atom donates / releases one electron to form sodium ion // Na Na+ + e
3. Chlorine atom accepts / receives one electron to form chloride ion // Cl + e Cl
4. One sodium ion and one chloride ion are attracted to one another by strong electrostatic
force to form compound NaCl
(i)
Double covalent bond
(ii)

CO2

(iii)

Carbon atom with electron arrangement 2.4 needs four electrons to achieve a
stable octet electron arrangement.
Oxygen atom with electron arrangement 2.6 needs two electrons to achieve a
stable octet electron arrangement.
One carbon atom share 2 pairs of electrons with 2 oxygen atoms to form
carbon dioxide molecule with the formula CO2
One carbon atom contributes four electrons and each of the two oxygen atom
contributes 2 electrons for sharing to form double covalent bond.
One carbon atom forms 2 double covalent bonds with 2 oxygen atoms
Carbon and oxygen atoms achieve octet electron arrangement.

Correct no of shells
Correct no of electrons

(iv)

Carbon monoxide

(i)

The melting point of compound sodium oxide is higher than carbon dioxide.

(ii)

(i)

The positive ion and negative ion in Na2O are attracted by strong electrostatic force
so large amount of energy is needed to overcome it.
The weak forces of Van der Waals between molecules needs a small amount of
energy to overcome it.
sublimation

(ii)

Dry ice

(iii)

(iv)

It has a high cooling capacity due to the evaporation heat which is

extracted from the environment

When it sublimes it will not leave any residue

Food will remain frozen when it reaches its destination.

it smothers the oxygen
because it's so cold, it also removes heat.

Soalan Objektif (Jadual Berkala Unsur)

1. School A will hold a science fair on this Saturday. Yee Soon was commissioned by his
chemistry teacher to carry out a simple experiment on the elements in the Periodic Table of
Elements. After searching for information on the Internet, Yee Soon intends to conduct
experiment 'Jumping Sodium' as shown in Diagram 1.
Sekolah A akan mengadakan pameran sains pada hari Sabtu ini. Yee Soon telah
ditugaskan oleh guru kimianya untuk menjalankan satu eksperimen ringkas tentang unsurunsur dalam Jadual Berkala Unsur. Setelah mencari maklumat daripada Internet, Yee Soon
bercadang hendak menjalankan eksperimen Jumping Sodium seperti yang ditunjukkan
dalam Rajah 1.
Octane
Oktana
Sodium
Natrium

Water + phenolphthalein indicator

Air + petunjuk fenolftalein

Which of the following is not the reason why octane is used in the experiment?
Antara berikut, yang manakah bukan sebab mengapa oktana digunakan dalam eksperimen
ini?
A Octane is one of the few things that sodium doesn't react with
Oktana adalah salah satu daripada beberapa bahan yang tidak bertindak balas dengan
natrium
B Octane provides a little support for the lump of sodium
Oktana menyediakan sedikit sokongan untuk mengapungkan natrium
C Octane keeps oxygen from getting to the reaction
Oktana menghalang oksigen daripada sampai ke tindak balas
D Octane absorbs the hydrogen gas produced
Oktana menyerap gas hidrogen yang terbentuk

Answer: D

Soalan Objektif (Ikatan kimia)

2.

This compound is produced from the transfer of electrons. It has high melting point and boiling
point. Which of the following statements best describes why the melting point and boiling point
of this compound is very high.
Kompaun ini dihasilkan daripada pemindahan elektron. Ia mempunyai takat lebur dan takat
didih yang tinggi . Antara pernyataan berikut, yang manakah menerangkan mengapa takat lebur
dan takat didih sebatian ini adalah sangat tinggi.
A. The particles are bonded to each other by Van Der Waals forces.
Zarah terikat antara satu sama lain oleh daya tarikan Van Der Waals.
B. The electrostatic forces between particles are very strong
Daya elektrostatik antara zarah adalah sangat kuat
C. The compound has low density.
Sebatian ini mempunyai ketumpatan yang rendah.
More heat is needed to overcome the force of attraction because the compound has big
size.
Lebih banyak haba diperlukan untuk mengatasi daya tarikan kerana sebatian itu
mempunyai saiz yang besar.

Answer : B