K thut vin chn on

Khi qut

H thng np

Khi qut
1. Chc nng ca h thng np
Xe c trang b rt nhiu thit b in li xe c an
ton v thun tin.
Xe cn s dng in khng ch khi ang chy m c khi
dng.
V vy, xe c c qui cung cp in v h thng np
to ra ngun cung cp in khi ng c ang n my.
H thng np cung cp in cho tt c cc thit b in v
np in cho c qui.
(1/12)

2. Cu to ca h thng np v dng in trong mch

(1) Cu to ca h thng np
H thng np ch yu bao gm cc thit b sau y:

My pht in.
B iu p (t ngay trong my pht)
c qui
n bo np
Kho in
(2/12)

My pht in
Khi ng c ang n my, my pht to ra mt lng in
gn cho cc thit b in s dng trn xe v np in
cho c qui.
(3/12)

-1-

K thut vin chn on

Khi qut

H thng np

Khi qut
B iu p (t ngay trong my pht in)
Thit b ny c dng iu chnh in p c to ra
ngay c khi tc ca my pht thay i hoc khi cng
dng in chy trong mch thay i.
(4/12)

c qui
y l ngun cung cp in khi ng c tt my. N cung
cp in cho cc thit b in khi ng ng c hoc
khi my pht khng pht in. Tuy nhin dng in to ra
bi my pht v c np cho c qui ngay lp tc khi ng
c bt u n my.
(5/12)

n bo np
n ny bo s c trong h thng np.
(6/12)

-2-

K thut vin chn on

Nguyn tc chung

H thng np

Nguyn tc chung
Kho in
Kho in dng khi ng ng c lm cho my pht
pht in.
(7/12)

(2) Dng in trong h thng np

Hy xem dng in chy trong mch np tng ng vi mi
v tr ca kho in.
(8/12)

Kho in v tr ACC hoc LOCK.

(9/12)

-3-

K thut vin chn on

Khi qut

H thng np

Khi qut
Kho in v tr ON (khi ng c cha n my)
Gi :
Khi kho in v tr ON, dng in i t c qui ti my pht l
do l:
Nhn chung my pht c dng to ra dng in bng
cch quay nam chm.
Nam chm khng phi l nam chm vnh cu m l nam chm
in to ra lc in t nh dng in chy trong mch. V vy
cn phi cung cp in cho my pht trc khi khi ng ng
c chun b cho vic pht in.
(10/12)

Kho in v tr ON (khi ng c ang n my).

(11/12)

3. Chc nng ca my pht in xoay chiu

My pht in xoay chiu ng vai tr chnh trong h thng
np. My pht in xoay chiu c 3 chc nng: To ra
dng in, chnh lu thnh dng in mt chiu v iu
chnh in p.

(1) Pht in
Vic truyn chuyn ng quay ca ng c ti puli thng
qua ai ch V s lm quay rto my pht v do to ra
dng in xoay chiu trong cun dy stato.

(2) Chnh lu dng in

V dng in c to ra trong cun dy stato l dng in
xoay chiu nn n khng s dng c cho cc thit b in
mt chiu c lp trn xe.
s dng c dng in xoay chiu ny ngi ta s
dng b chnh lu chnh lu dng in xoay chiu thnh
dng in mt chiu.

(3) iu chnh in p
B iu chnh in p IC iu chnh in p sinh ra c
in p n nh ngay c khi tc my pht hoc cng
dng in trong mch thay i.
(12/12)

-4-

K thut vin chn on

Khi qut

H thng np

Nguyn l hot ng ca my pht in

1. Dng in xoay chiu 3 pha
(1) Khi nam chm quay trong mt cun dy, in p s
c to ra gia hai u ca cun dy. iu ny s lm
xut hin dng in xoay chiu.
(2) Mi quan h gia dng in sinh ra trong cun dy v v
tr ca nam chm c ch ra hnh v. Cng dng
in ln nht c to ra khi cc cc nam (S) v cc bc
(N) ca nam chm gn cun dy nht. Tuy nhin chiu
ca dng in trong mch thay i ngc chiu nhau
sau mi na vng quay ca nam chm. Dng in hnh
sin c to ra theo cch ny gi l "dng in xoay
chiu mt pha". Mt chu k y l 3600 v s chu k
trong mt giy c gi l tn s.
(1/3)

(3) pht in c hiu qu hn, ngi ta b tr 3 cun

dy trong my pht nh hnh v.
(4) Mi cun dy A, B v C c b tr cch nhau 1200 v
c lp vi nhau. Khi nam chm quay trong cc cun
dy s to ra dng in xoay chiu trong mi cun dy.
Hnh v di y cho thy mi quan h gia 3 dng in
xoay chiu v nam chm dng in c to y l dng
in xoay chiu 3 pha. Tt c cc xe hin i ngy nay u
s dng my pht xoay chiu 3 pha.

(2/3)

-5-

K thut vin chn on

Khi qut

H thng np

Nguyn l hot ng ca my pht in

2. B chnh lu
(1) C cu chnh lu ca my pht in xoay chiu
Cu to
My pht in xoay chiu trong thc t c trang b mch
chnh lu nh hnh 1 nn dng in xoay chiu 3 pha.
Mch ny c 6 it v c t trong gi ca b chnh
lu nh hnh v.

Chc nng
Khi rto quay mt vng, trong cc cun dy Stato dng
in c sinh ra trong mi cun dy ny c ch ra t (a)
ti (f) trong hnh 3. v tr (a), dng in c chiu dng
c to ra cun dy III v dng in c chiu m c
to ra cun dy II. V vy dng in chy theo hng t
cun dy II ti cun dy III.
Dng in ny chy vo ti qua it 3 v sau tr v cun
dy II qua it 5. thi im ny cng dng in
cun dy I bng 0. V vy khng c dng in chy trong
cun dy I.
Bng cch gii thch tng t t cc v tr (b) ti (f) dng in
xoay chiu c chnh lu bng cch cho qua 2 it v
dng in ti cc ph ti c duy tr mt gi tr khng
i.
(3/3)

Khi qut

My pht in c in p im trung ho
1. in p im trung ho
(1) My pht in xoay chiu thng thng dng 6 it chnh lu
dng in xoay chiu 3 pha (AC) thnh dng in mt chiu (DC).
in p ra ti im trung ho l ngun cung cp in cho rle n
bo np. C th thy in p trung bnh ca im trung ho bng 1/2
in p ra mt chiu. Trong khi dng in ra i qua my pht, in p
ti im trung ho phn ln l dng in mt chiu nhng n cng c
mt phn l dng in xoay chiu. Phn dng in xoay chiu ny
c to ra mi pha. Khi tc ca my pht vt qu 2,000 ti
3,000 vng/pht th gi tr cc i ca phn dng in xoay chiu
vt qu in p ra ca dng in mt chiu.
(2) iu c ngha l so vi c tnh ra ca my pht in xoay chiu
khng c cc it ti im trung ho, in p ra tng dn dn t
khong 10 ti 15% tc my pht thng thng l 5,000
vng/pht.
(1/2)

1. S mch in v cu to
b xung s thay i in th ti im trung ho vo in p ra mt
chiu ca my pht khng c it im trung ho ngi ta b tr 2
it chnh lu gia cc ra (B) v t (E) v ni vi im trung ho.
Nhng it ny c t gi b chnh lu.
(2/2)

-6-

K thut vin chn on

Khi qut

H thng np

iu chnh dng in pht ra

1. iu chnh dng in pht ra
(1) S cn thit phi iu chnh cng dng in
pht ra
My pht in dng trn xe quay cng vi ng c. V vy,
khi xe hot ng tc ng c thng xuyn thay i v
do tc ca my pht khng n nh. Nu my pht
khng c b n p th h thng np khng th cung cp
dng in n nh cho cc thit b in.
Do , mc d tc ca my pht thay i th in p
cc thit b in vn phi duy tr khng i v tu theo s
thay i cng dng in trong mch cn phi iu
chnh. Trong my pht xoay chiu vic iu chnh nh trn
c iu chnh bi b iu p IC.

(2) Nguyn l iu chnh

Nhn chung cng dng in to ra c th c thay i
bng phng php sau y.

Tng hoc gim lc t trng (Rto)

Tng tc hoc gim tc quay ca nam chm.
Khi p dng phng php ny i vi my pht in xoay
chiu trn xe, tc quay ca rto khng th iu khin
c v n quay cng vi ng c. Ni cch khc, iu kin
c th thay i mt cch t do trong my pht xoay chiu
trn xe l lc t trng (rto). Trong thc t vic thay i
cng dng in i vo cun dy rto (dng to t
trng) s lm thay i lc t trng. B iu p IC iu
chnh cng dng in ca my pht xoay chiu bng
cch iu khin dng in to t trng do in p to
ra lun n nh khi tc quay ca rto thay i v khi
dng in s dng thay i.
(1/2)

(3) T iu khin i vi dng in ra cc i

c tnh ca my pht in l dng in ra hu nh n nh
khi tc quay ca my pht vt qu mt tc nht nh
(t iu khin) v vy khi ti vt qu dng in ra cc i
th in p st. Mt c tnh khc ca my pht in xoay
chiu l dng in ra gim i khi my b nng v in tr
mi b phn thay i theo nhit ngay c khi tc
khng i.

Gi khi sa cha:
Nu ai ch V b trt th tc my pht s thp hn
yu cu v dng in to ra s gim xung lm cho c
qui b ht in.
Nu dng in tiu th ln hn so vi dng in to ra th
in p vo c qui s b tiu th v lm cho c qui b ht
in.
Khi my pht quay tc thp (khi ng c quay khng
ti) dng in to ra c cng thp. V vy khi nhiu
thit b in chng hn nh b si m v n pha ang
bt, th phi s dng in t c qui. Nu tnh trng ny b
ko di th ko n tnh trng c qui s ht in.
(2/2)

-7-

K thut vin chn on

Cc b phn v cu to

H thng np

Cc b phn
My pht in xoay chiu gm cc b phn nh sau:

1. Puli
Tham kho:
Puli c khp ni mt chiu
2. Khung pha trc, khung pha sau
Cc khung 2 u c chc nng: rto v nh mt gi
lp vo ng c. C 2 pha u c rnh thot kh ci
thin kh nng lm mt.
Stato c lp cng vo khung pha trc. B chnh lu, gi
chi than, b iu p IC.v.v. c lp bng bulng vo
pha sau ca khung sau.

3. bi trc
4. Roto
5. Vng bi sau
6. Khung sau
7. Gi b chnh lu
8. B iu p IC
9. Chi than
10. Gi chi than
11. Np pha sau
(1/1)

Tham kho

Puli c khp mt chiu

Cu to:
Mt s ng c c s dng Puli c khp ni mt chiu.
Vic lp t cc con ln v l xo b tr theo chu vi gia vng
trong v vng ngoi ca puli gip cho puli c th quay c
mt chiu. Kt cu ny cng gip cho hp th s thay i
ca tc ng c v truyn nng lng theo chiu quay
ca ng c. Kt qu l ti t ln trn ai ch V c gim
i.
(1/1)

-8-

K thut vin chn on

Cc cm chi tit v cu to

H thng np

Cu to
1. Rto
(1) Rto l mt nam chm quay bn trong cun dy Stato
sinh ra t trng to ra lc in trng trong cun dy
Stato. Cun dy c qun xung quanh 6 cp li cc (12
cc t) v lc in t c to ra khi c dng in chy
bn trong.
V cng dng in chy vo rto tng dn, nn lc in
t cng mnh ln.

(2) 2 u ca Rto, ngi ta lp mt qut lm mt

cun dy rto, cun dy stato v b chnh lu lm cho
nhit ca chng thp hn nhit gii hn bng cch
ht khng kh t l thng gi khung pha trc nh rto
quay.
2. Chi than v c gp
(1) Cc chi tit ny to ra t trng bng cch cho dng
in i vo cun dy rto v c lp vo pha sau ca
rto.
(2) Nhn chung chi than c lm t Graphit kim loi c
s dng gim in tr v in tr tip xc v ng
thi chng c s n mn.
(1/5)

3. Stato
(1) Stato to ra dng in xoay chiu 3 pha bng cch thay
i t thng sinh ra bi rto quay. Stato gm c li v
cun dy c t trong khung pha trc.
Gi :
Cch cun dy Stato
Cun dy Stato gm c 3 cp. im ni 3 u ca cc cun
dy c gi l cc im trung tnh.

(2) V stato to ra nhit nhiu hn bt k mt b phn no

khc trong my pht in xoay chiu, nn ngi ta s
dng v cch nhit bo v cc cun dy.
(2/5)

4. B chnh lu
(1) B nn dng thc hin chc nng chnh lu y ton
b chu k chuyn ton b dng in xoay chiu 3 pha
c to ra t cc cun dy stato thnh dng in mt
chiu nh 6 it hoc (8 it vi cc it im trung
tnh)
(2) B chnh lu gm c cc (cc ra), cnh tn nhit, it v
gi c cu trc 2 lp ci thin kh nng bc x
nhit ng thi gip cho kch thc ca b nn dng nh
li.
Gi :
Nhit ca b chnh lu
it c s dng chnh lu s sinh nhit khi c dng in
i qua. Tuy nhin v cc phn t ca it li chu nhit km
(cht bn dn) nn vic nung nng it s lm gim kh nng
chnh lu. V vy, cn phi b tr cc cnh tn nhit din tch
to nhit c tng ln ti mc c th.
(3/5)

-9-

K thut vin chn on

Cc b phn v cu to

H thng np

Cu to
5. B iu chnh IC
(1) Cu to ca b iu p IC
B iu p IC ch yu gm c IC lai, cnh tn nhit v gic ni. Vic s
dng IC lai lm cho b iu p c kch thc nh gn.

(2) Cc loi b iu p IC
Loi nhn bit c qui: Loi iu p IC ny nhn bit c qui nh cc S
(cc nhn bit c qui) v iu chnh in p ra theo gi tr qui nh.
Loi nhn bit my pht: Loi iu p IC ny xc nh in p bn trong
ca my pht v iu chnh in p ra theo gi tr qui nh.

(3) Chc nng ca b iu p IC.

<1> B iu p IC c cc chc nng sau y.

iu chnh in p.
Cnh bo khi my pht khng pht in v tnh trng np khng bnh
thng.

<2> B iu p IC cnh bo bng cch bt sng n bo np khi xc

nh c cc s c sau y.
t mch hoc ngn mch cc cun dy rto.
Cc S b ngt.
Cc B b ngt.
in p tng vt qu ln (in p c qui tng do ngn mch gia cc
F v cc E).

(4/5)
(4) Cc c tnh ca b iu p IC
c tnh ti ca c qui
in p ra khng i hoc t thay i (nh hn hoc bng 0,1 ti 0,2 V)
khi tc my pht thay i.

c tnh ph ti bn ngoi
in p ra nh i khi dng in ph ti tng ln. S thay i in p,
thm ch ti nh mc hoc dng in ra cc i ca my pht vo
khong gia 0,5 ti 1 V. Nu ti vt qu kh nng ca my pht th in
p ra s st t ngt.

c tnh nhit
Nhn chung in p ra s gim i khi nhit tng ln.
V in p ra st nhit cao (V d v ma h tng ln nhit cao,
v ma ng th gim xung). Vic np y ph hp vi c qui c
thc hin mi thi im.

(5/5)

iu khin u ra

iu khin u ra bng b iu p IC
Sau y s gii thch c ch m b iu p IC gi c in p
to ra n nh v nguyn l hot ng ca n t c chc
nng ny. y s dng b iu p IC loi nhn bit c qui
lm v d.

1. Hot ng bnh thng

(1) Khi kho in v tr ON v ng c tt my
Khi bt kho in ln v tr ON, in p c qui c t vo cc
IG. Kt qu l mch M.IC b kch hot v Tranzisto Tr1 c
m ra lm cho dng kch t chy trong cun dy rto. trng
thi ny dng in cha c to ra do vy b iu p lm
gim s phng in ca c qui n mc c th bng cch
ng ngt Tranzisto Tr1 ngt qung. thi im ny in p
cc P = 0 v mch M.IC s xc nh trng thi ny v truyn tn
hiu ti Tranzisto Tr2 bt n bo np.
(1/12)

-10-

K thut vin chn on

iu khin u ra

H thng np

iu khin u ra bng b iu p IC
(2) Khi my pht ang pht in (in p thp hn
in p iu chnh)
ng c khi ng v tc my pht tng ln, mch M.IC
m Tranzisto Tr1 cho dng kch t i qua v do in
p ngay lp tc c to ra. thi im ny nu in p
cc B ln hn in p c qui, th dng in s i vo c qui
np v cung cp cho cc thit b in. Kt qu l in p
cc P tng ln. Do mch M.IC xc nh trng thi pht
in c thc hin v truyn tn hiu ng Tranzisto
Tr2 tt n bo np.
(2/12)

(3) Khi my pht ang pht in (in p cao hn in

p iu chnh)
Nu Tranzisto Tr1 tip tc m, in p cc B tng ln.
Sau in p cc S vt qu in p iu chnh, mch
M.IC xc nh tnh trng ny v ng Tranzisto Tr1. Kt qu
l dng kch t cun dy rto gim dn thng qua it 1
hp th in t ngc v in p cc B (in p c to
ra) gim xung. Sau nu in p cc S gim xung ti
gi tr iu chnh th mch M.IC s xc nh tnh trng ny
v m Tranzisto Tr1. Do dng kch t ca cun dy rto
tng ln v in p cc B cng tng ln. B iu p IC gi
cho in p cc S (in p cc c qui) n nh (in p
iu chnh) bng cch lp i lp li cc qu trnh trn.
(3/12)

2. Hot ng khng bnh thng

(1) Khi cun dy Rto b t
Khi my pht quay, nu cun dy Rto b t th my pht
khng sn xut ra in v in p cc P = 0.
Khi mch M.IC xc nh c tnh trng ny n m
Tranzisto Tr2 bt n bo np cho bit hin tng
khng bnh thng ny.
(4/12)

-11-

K thut vin chn on

iu khin u ra

H thng np

iu khin u ra bng b iu p IC
(2) Khi cun dy Rto b chp (ngn mch)
Khi my pht quay nu cun dy rto b chp in p cc
B c t trc tip vo cc F v dng in trong mch s
rt ln. Khi mch M.IC xc nh c tnh trng ny n s
ng Tranzisto Tr1 bo v v ng thi m Tranzisto
Tr2 bt n bo np cnh bo v tnh trng khng
bnh thng ny.

(5/12)

(3) Khi cc S b ngt

Khi my pht quay, nu cc S tnh trng b h mch th
mch M.IC s xc nh khi khng c tn hiu u vo t cc
S do m Tranzisto Tr2 bt n bo np. ng thi
trong mch M.IC, cc B s lm vic thay th cho cc S
iu chnh Tranzisto Tr1 do in p cc B c iu
chnh ( 14V) ngn chn s tng in p khng bnh
thng cc B.

(6/12)

(4) Khi cc B b ngt

Khi my pht quay, nu cc B tnh trng b h mch, th
c qui s khng c np v in p c qui (in p cc
S) s gim dn.
Khi in p cc S gim, b iu p IC lm tng dng kch
t tng dng in to ra. Kt qu l in p cc B tng
ln.
Tuy nhin mch M.IC iu chnh dng kch t sao cho in
p cc B khng vt qu 20 V bo v my pht v b
iu p IC.
Khi in p cc S thp (11 ti 13 V) mch M.IC s iu
chnh c qui khng c np. Sau n m tranzito Tr2
bt n bo np v iu chnh dng kch t sao cho
in p cc B gim ng thi bo v my pht v b iu
p IC.

(7/12)

-12-

K thut vin chn on

iu khin u ra

H thng np

iu khin u ra bng b iu p IC
(5) Khi c s ngn mch gia cc F v cc E
Khi my pht quay, nu c s ngn mch gia cc F v cc
E th in p cc B s c ni thng vi mt t cc E qua
cun dy rto m khng qua cc tranzisto Tr1. Kt qu l
[in p ra ca my pht tr ln rt ln v dng kch t
khng c iu khin bi tranzisto Tr1 thm tr in p
cc S s vt in p iu chnh. Nu mch M.IC xc nh
c cc ny n s m tranzisto Tr2 bt n bo np
ch ra s khng bnh thng ny.

(8/12)

tham kho:
1. Hot ng ca b iu p IC loi nhn bit my pht
V c bn hot ng ca loi ny cng ging nh loi nhn
bit c qui nhng b iu p IC loi nhn bit my pht
khng c cc S xc nh in c qui. Nh vy mch
M.IC trc tip xc nh in p to ra bi my pht t cc B
v iu chnh in p n my pht cng nh iu chnh
n bo np.
(9/12)

2. B iu p IC c cc M
(1) Vai tr ca cc M
i vi xe c b phn si in PTC nu b phn si PTC
c s dng trng thi khng ti ca ng c th in
nng tiu th s ln hn in nng do my pht to ra. V l
do ny ngi ta trang b thm cc M. Cc M truyn tnh
trng pht in ca my pht ti ECU ng c thng qua
tranzisto Tr3 c lp ng b vi tranzisto Tr1 iu
khin dng kch t. ECU ng c iu khin ch khng
ti ca ng c v b phn si in PTC theo tn hiu
c truyn t cc M

* B phn si in PTC:
B phn si ny c dng hm nng nc lm mt
ng c khi hiu sut si khng (t trong li si)
(2) Hot ng
V tranzisto Tr3 c ni ng b vi tranzisto Tr1 nn khi
Tr1 m th Tr3 cng m. Cc M s pht ra tn hiu thay i
di dng xung.
(10/12)

-13-

K thut vin chn on

iu khin u ra

H thng np

iu khin u ra bng b iu p IC
Khi b phn si in PTC lm vic

(11/12)

Khi b phn si in PTC khng lm vic

(12/12)

Tham kho

My pht in loi SC
1. M t
My pht xoay chiu loi SC s dng phng php qun
dy stato bng cch ghp cc on dn vo v hn li.
Phng php ny cho php gim in tr i mt na so vi
my pht thng thng ng thi gim c kch thc
my, tng cng sut v hiu qu pht in.

2. V tr ca cc cm chi tit
c tnh ca cc cm chnh ca my pht xoay chiu loi
SC s c gii thch di y

(1) Stato
on dn (dy tit din hnh vung)
on dn + mi hn + lp ph ngoi
Cun dy kp
(2) B chnh lu
i km vi cun dy kp, s dng 12 it

(3) B iu p IC
Khc vi loi thng thng c mch in trn bng IC bng
s, b iu p IC c kch thc nh gn nh b tr mch
in trong 1 chp.
(1/3)

-14-

K thut vin chn on

Tham kho

H thng np

My pht in loi SC
3. Cu to v nguyn l hot ng
(1) H thng on dn
My pht ny s dng h thng on dn cc on
dy dn c hn vi nhau trong stato so vi h thng
qun dy thng thng in tr nh hn do cu to ca
on dn v vic b tr dy cng lm cho kch thc ca
my pht nh gn v chc chn.
(2/3)

(2) H thng cun dy kp

H thng ny c 2 cun dy 3 pha lch nhau 300. V sng
c to ra t mi cun dy tng ng s trit tiu ln nhau
nn ting n do t trng to ra c gim xung.

(3) Tranzisto pha HI

b iu p IC lp trong my pht loi SC tranzisto Tr1
iu chnh tranzisto c lp pha cao.

Gi :
Mch in c cc phn t ng ngt mch (cc tranzisto
pha (+)) i din vi ti (cun dy rto) c gi l pha cao.
Trong khi mch c cc thit b ng ngt ny pha (-) c
gi l pha thp.
(3/3)

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K thut vin chn on

Tham kho

H thng np

B iu p loi tip im
1. c tnh ca b iu p loi tip im
(1) Loi ny ln hn loi iu p IC.
(2) Loi ny c s dng kt hp vi my pht xoay chiu
loi thng thng
2. Cu to ca b iu p loi tip im
(1) Loi ny gm c b iu p v rle n bo np.
(2) Vic bt tt tip im s iu chnh c to ra bi my
pht xoay chiu loi thng thng.
Gi :
Chc nng ca tip im
B iu p v Rle n bo np c cu to nh hnh v v 3
tip im c iu khin bi lc in t.

3. S mch in ca b iu p loi tip im

S mch in ca b iu p loi tip im v my pht
xoay chiu loi thng thng c ch ra trn hnh v. Vic
iu khin tip im P0 ca b iu p v l tip im P3
ca rle n bo np s iu chnh in p c to ra bi
my pht v iu khin s hot ng ca n bo np
(1/1)

Tham kho

My pht xoay chiu c bm chn khng

1. My pht xoay chiu c bm chn khng
(1) c tnh ca my pht c bm chn khng
N c trang b bm chn khng v to ra p sut m
cho b tr lc phanh.
Bm chn khng c lp trn trc ca my pht v
quay cng trc ny.
C th s b chia my pht ny thnh 2 loi sau: Loi c
bm chn khng pha puli v loi c bm chn khng
pha i din vi puli.
(1/1)

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K thut vin chn on

Kim tra

H thng np

Kim tra h thng np

1. Kim tra khng ti (Kim tra mch np khi khng
c ti)
Trong kim tra khng tI, in p to ra c duy tr mt
mc n nh (in p iu chnh) s c kim tra ngay
c khi tc my pht thay i khi ph ti nh nht (cc ln
nht l 10 ampe). Kim tra khng ti l cn thit v c
tin hnh trong iu kin dng in ra ln nht l 10 Ampe.
Nu dng in ra vt qu 10A th kt qu kim tra c th
tho mn gi tr qui nh thm tr ngay c khi b iu p IC
c vn v do khng th kim tra chnh xc in p
iu chnh.
Trong my pht loi b iu p IC gi tr tiu chun ca
in p iu chnh nm trong khong 13,5 V-15.1 V (khi tc
ng c l 2,000 vng pht).
Nu kt qu o nm ngoi khong gi tr tiu chun, th
my pht c s c. Nu gi tr ny cao hn gii hn trn th
c th b iu p IC c s c. Nu gi tr ny nh hn gii
hn di th c th mt cm no ca my pht tr b
iu p IC c s c.
(1/2)

2. Kim tra c ti (kim tra mch np c ph ti)

Trong kim tra c ti, ngi ta cho ph ti vo mch in
v cho dng in ra kim tra xem my pht c p ng
c yu cu ca ph ti khng.
im quan trng trong kim tra ny l tng ph ti cao ti
mc c th. Nu ph ti khng th ngay c khi my pht
bnh thng dng in cng khng th vt qu gi tr qui
nh l 30A (khi tc ng c l 2,000 vng/pht).
V vy nu dng in ra cc i l 30A, th cn phi tng
ph ti v kim tra li. Nu kt qu o c nh hn gi tr
qui nh th my pht c s c, trong trng hp ny kh
nng s c c th nm b phn c chc nng pht in
hoc chnh lu.

Gi :
Ngay c khi kt qu o vt qu 30A. Th cng sut nh
mc cc i y cng khng phi l cng sut ra. C th
kim tra cng sut nh mc cc i bng cch o gii hn
dng in to ra khi in p c duy tr n nh, khi tc
ng c khong 2,000 vng/pht v ph ti c tng ln.
(2/2)

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K thut vin chn on

H thng np

Bi tp
Hy s dng cc bi tp ny kim tra mc hiu bit ca bn v cc ti liu trong chng ny. Sau khi tr li
mi bi tp, bn c th dng nt tham kho kim tra cc trang lin quan n cu hi v cu hi . Khi cc bn
c cu tr li ng, hy tr v vn bn duyt li ti liu v tm cu tr li ng. Khi tr li ng mi cu hi,
bn c th chuyn sang chng tip theo.

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K thut vin chn on

H thng np

Cu hi- 1
i vi mi chi tit to nn h thng np sau y (t 1 ti 4) hy chn m t ng v chc nng ca chng (t a ti d).
1.

3.

B iu p

2.

n bo np

4.

c qui

My pht in

a) Khi ng c ang n, thit b ny to ra dng in cho s hot ng ca thit b in trn xe v np in cho c qui.
b) Thit b ny thng bo v s c trong h thng np.
c) Thit b ny iu chnh in p ra lm cho n n nh ngay c khi tc my pht thay i hoc khi cng dng in
trong mch thay i.
d) Thit b ny l ngun in khi ng c tt my v n cp in cho cc thit b in khi ng ng c hoc khi my
pht khng pht in.

Tr li: 1.

2.

3.

4.

Cu hi- 2
Bng di y ch ra chc nng iu chnh my pht. Hy hon thnh bng ny bng cch chn cc t ph hp v in vo
ch trng (t 1 ti 4) trong nhm t di y.

a) Tng ln (s cao hn)

Tr li: 1.

2.

b) Gim xung (s thp hn)

3.

c) Khng i

4.

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K thut vin chn on

H thng np

Cu hi- 3
Cc cu sau y lin quan n s thay i dng kch t v dng in/in p ra ca my pht trong iu kin nu ra di y.
Hy chn cu ng.
Khi tc khng ti ca ng c l 600 vng/pht v khi n pha, b phn si, b sy knh v gt nc cng c bt ln.
Dng kch t v dng in ra tng ti gi tr cc i nhng in p ra gim xung.

1.
2.
3.
4.

Dng kch t, dng in ra v in p ra cng gim xung.

Dng kch t v dng in ra gim xung, nhng in p ra n nh.
Dng kch t n nh, nhng dng in ra v in p ra gim xung.

Cu hi- 4
i vi mi chi tit chnh ca my pht sau y (t 1 ti 4). Hy chn s m t ng v chc nng ca chng (t a ti d).
1.

3.

Rto

2.

B chnh lu

4.

B iu p IC

Chi than v c gp

a) Chi tit ny cho dng in i vo cun dy rto to ra t trng.

b) Chi tit ny c s dng nn dng in xoay chiu 3 pha thnh dng in mt chiu.
c) B phn ny l thit b iu chnh n nh in p do my pht to ra.
d) Chi tit ny l nam chm in quay trong cun dy Stato.

Tr li: 1.

2.

3.

4.

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K thut vin chn on

H thng np

Cu hi- 5
Lin quan n s hot ng ca b iu p IC, tnh trng ca tranzisto1, tranzisto2 v n bo np ang trong iu kin no
sau y? Hy hon thnh bng di y bng cch chn cc t ph hp v in vo ch trng (t 1 ti 4) t cc nhm t
cho.

a) ON

b) Bt v tt ngt qung

Tr li: 1.

c) OFF

2.

d) Bt

e) Tt

3.

4.

Cu hi- 6
Khi nhng s c c m t di y xy ra i vi b iu p IC th in p to ra c iu khin nh th no? Hy hon
thnh on vn di y bng cch in vo ch trng (t 1 ti 4) bng cch chn t ph hp t nhm t cho di y.
Khi my pht quay, nu cc B b ngt th vic np in ca c qui khng thc hin c v in p c qui dn dn gim
xung. Khi in p (1) gim xung, b iu p IC tng (2) tng cng dng in. Kt qu l in p cc B tng ln.
Tuy nhin mch M.IC iu chnh (2) sao cho in p cc B khng vt qu 20 V bo v my pht v b iu p IC. Khi
in p (1) thp (khong gia 11 V v 13 V) th mch M.IC s iu chnh c qui khng c np. Sau n bt (3)
(4) n bo np v iu chnh (2) sao cho in p cc B ng thi gim xung bo v my pht v b iu p IC.

a) Tr1

b) Bt ON

Tr li: 1.

c) Dng kch t
2.

d) dng in ra
3.

e) Tr2
4.

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f) Tt OFF

g) Cc S

h) Cc B

i) Cc P