2001 2()

1. (Porosity) Vs, Vp ?
(Vp)
(Vs) + (Vp)

100 = (%)

? : .

2.
(, , , , , )

3. S, T, P ?
(salinity), (Temperature), (Pressure)

4. 3?
a+c

()

a+b

()

a+

,()

?

.
?
,
.
?
.
Ex) , , , .

5. 3?
, ,
, , , .

6. 3
, XBT(), BT(), DT, ()

7. , .(3-, , )
(Plankton)
; ex),
(Benthos)
;
ex) , , , .
(Nekton)
; ex) , , , .

8.
Femtoplankton : 0.02-0.2
Picoplankton: 0.22
Nanoplankton: 220 ,
Microplankton: 20200 , copepoda ,
Mesoplankton : 0.2-20mm
Macroplankton: 2-20cm ,
Megaplankton: 20cm ,

9. 2
30% .
; : . ex), .
; : . ex), , .

1. .
2. .

10.
(, , , , )

11. 200ml 2% (36%) ml ?

NV = N'V'

202ml * 2% = xml * 36%

x = 11.11ml

12. =90m, =9m/sec ?

(T) = (L)/(C)

(T) =

90m (L)
9m/sec (C)

(T) = 10sec

13. ?
.

/
( vs )

/
( vs )

/
( vs )

/
( vs )

()
, ,
.
, ( : )
<< ( : ,

14. 3

.
< 100km
:
2km

,
~1,000km
, < 500m

( km/)

50sv

;
;
;
.

(km/)

10~15sv

;
;
.

15. 5

16. Infauna size 3

(microbenthos) : 0.1mm
(meiobenthos) : 0.1 ~ 1mm
(macrobenthos) : 1mm

17. ,
(in-situ temperature)
, .
(potential temperature; )
, 1
.

.
( )
.
( .)

18. (Phylum)
( : , , , , , , , , )
( : , , , , )

:
:
:
:
:

,
,

, ,
,

2002 2()
1. , .
(Lagrangian method) :
. ex), , ,
(Eulerian method) : .
ex), ADCP

2. .
(compensation depth)

.
(critical depth, )
() ()

.

3. , .

4. .
.

/
( vs )

/
( vs )

/
( vs )

/
( vs )

()
, ,
.
, ( : )
<< ( : ,

5. 4m 100m 15 .
C = (g = :9.8) (h = )
C =
C = 6.26
() (h) .

6. 4 .
,

7. . 3
-

(standing crop)

14

() ()

8. ?

9. .
, (collision cost)
(trailing - edge coast)
(marginal seacoast)

10. , ,
(: 6m, : 2m, : 1m)

11.
CO2+H2O
H+
H+

( )
( )
( )

H2CO3
HCO3CO3-

12.
(Gravel)

2 ~ 256mm

-1 < < -8

(Sand)

1/16 ~ 2mm

4 < < -1

(Silt)

1/256 ~ 1/16mm

8 < < 4

(Clay)

1/256mm

>8

= -log2D (D :mm )

(, Grain size)
,
, , ,
- , , ,

13. (Phylum)
( : , , , , , , , , , )
( : , , , , )

:
:
:
:
:

,
,

, ,
, ,

14.

, ,

, , ,

15.

: ,
: , .
: .
: .
: .
: 1m .
: , , , .
: .

(Bottom sampler):

(ex) ,

(corer):

(ex), ,

(dredge):
(core sampler):
:

16. 8 30 ?
. 12 25.
8 30 + 12 25 = 20 55

17. , , ?
(geostrophic current)
.
(Ekman current)
.
(inertial current)
.

18.
(

H2Bo-4,

Cl-(),
Br-(),

Mg2+,

Br-,

Ca2+,

HCO-3,

Cl-,

Na+,

Sr2+,

Na+(),
So2-4(),
Mg2(),
2+
Sr (),
H2Bo 4(),
F-()

K+,

F-,

So2-4,

Ca2+(),

K+(),

HCO-3(),

19. .

.

2003 2()
1. 3 .
;
, ,

2. 4 .
;

(progressive wave) (standing wave)

; (free wave) (forced water)

; (wind wave), (seismic sea wave),,
; (deep water wave) (shallow water wave)
; (capillary wave) (gravity wave)
; .

3.

1) , ,

2) t .

( 3-2 = 1.02567 , t .)
3-1 .
( .)
3-2
(t) = ( (Ps,t,o) 1) 1000

t = (1.02567-1) 1000

25.67g/

4. 4 .

: .
: , , .
: .
HF-Radar : Radar Station , .

5. 1? 1? ( )
1 = 1.83 = 6ft = 1fathom (fathom: , )
1 = 1.852m/h (1knot = 1 1(1.852m) )

6. () , (2 ), ( ),
( ).

7. mesh size .

0.054~1.364mm .

8. 30% () , ( ), (diatom)
. ( , , Co2
).

9.
(-plankton) , (-phytoplankton) (
-zooplankton) . (-nekton),
(-benthos) .

10. infauna 3
(microfauna) : 0.1mm
(meiofauna) : 0.1~1mm
(macrofauna) : 1mm

11. 4 .

12.
(, , , , , )
(, , CaCo3) (NaCl)

13. .
(, , , , , , )

:
, :
, :
:
:

14. 3 .

: .
: .
: .
: ().

15. Cl() , ?
.

(S,) = (Cl) 1.80655

16. T-S ?

(y), (x)

, ,

17. ?
(geostrophic current)
.

18.

: ,
: , .
: .
: .
: .
: 1m .
: , , , .
: .

(Bottom sampler):

(ex) ,

(corer):

(ex), ,

(dredge):
(core sampler):
:

2004 2()
1. Redfield N/P ? (5)
16:1

2. 3 . (5)
( ), 4000m .

3. (Positive) ,
(negative) . ? (4)
8

4. (Eh) 1.23V ? (4)

5. Loran-C ? (4)
Loran-C :
=1() =2() ,

6. Turbidity current . (5)

,
(Turbidity current) .
. (turbidite)
.

7. . (6)

8. (trench) (in situ temperature)

(convection) ? (5)

(>) (
)
9. (GEK), MBT, XBT, CTD, STD
, ? (4)
GEK() : .
MBT :
XBT :
CTD : ,
,
STD : , . ()
.

10. . (3)
(), a+c
(), a+b
,(), a+
?
- .
?
- , .
?
- .
Ex) , , , .

11. (in situ temperature) (Fotential temperature) . (4)

(in-situ temperature)
, .
(potential temperature; )
, 1

.

.
( )
.
( )

12. . (5)
: 20C




( )

13. . 5 . (5)

14. 4 . (4)

CO2 pH CaCO3


, , CO2, pH

15. pH CO . (6)

PH

CO

(CO) pH
(pH) .

16. (tsunami) 4 .(4)

,

17. () 5 . (10)
Femtoplankton : 0.02-0.2
Picoplankton: 0.22
Nanoplankton: 220 ,
Microplankton: 20200 , copepoda ,
Mesoplankton : 0.2-20mm
Macroplankton: 2-20cm ,
Megaplankton: 20cm ,

18. 4
(root) ? (9)

a b,

a c,

, ,

a d,

a b, ,

19. (Secchi disk) , ? (5)

30 cm
: ,
.

20. ? (3)