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한지6 0
한지6 0
6.0
2008 7
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Dictionary
Microsoft Bookshelf
- NEWACE English-Korean Dictionary, 2nd Edition
- American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language,
3rd Edition
-
Update History
ver. 1.0 - GRE 4.0
ver. 2.0 - GRE 4.5 update
ver. 2.1 - KOREA GRE Fifth Edition
ver. 3.0 - Revised and Modified through proofreading
ver. 3.5 -
ver. 4.0 - GRE Verbal Rainbow Bible 0801 version
ver. 4.5 - v. 2.0 Antonym (2004. 3. 21) (hgycap@hotmail.com)
ver. 5.0 - ??????????
ver. 5.5 - 1.1(1.1.4) (2005. 7. 15)
ver. 5.5 2006, 2007 , , (2007. 7. 4)
ver. 6.0 2008 6 , , (2008. 7. 24)
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A
abacus
abacus
abacus
abacus
abacus
quill :
[bks] n.
: calculate :: balance : weigh ::::
: calculate :: sextant : navigate
:::
: calculated :: balance : weighted ::::
: calculator :: quill : pen ( ( ))
abandon
abdicate usurp
usurp ,
aberrant [brnt, br- ] a. ,
: ATYPICAL deviating from the proper or expected course
aberration : course :: digression : theme
aberrant : standard :: digressive : topic
aberrant typical, normal, conventional (relevant )
abet
[bt] v.t.
1. to approve(), encourage(), and support() (an
action or a plan of action); urge and help on
2. to urge, encourage, or help (a person)
abet : assistance :: counsel : guidance (A = B , : )
abet : encouragement :: elucidate : clarity (A = B)
elucidate to make clear or plain, especially by explanation; clarify
abet : assistance :: counsel : guidance
abet thwart, impede, stymie, frustrate, obstruct, forestall, hinder,
hamper
stymie , ; Companies have been stymied by
the length of time it takes to reach an agreement.
forestall , ; ()
abeyance [bins] n. ()
: SUSPENSION temporary inactivity
abeyance continuance, fulfillment
abhor [bhr] v.t.
: LOATHE to regard with extreme repugnance
abhorrence : dislike :: adoration : fondness (A >> B)
abhor greatly admire
abiding
[bidi]
a. ,
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1. to reduce the length of (a written text); condense
2. to cut short; curtail
abbreviate : sentence :: abridge : essay
abbreviation : word :: abridgment : article
abridge : sentence :: abbreviation : word
abridge : duration :: truncate : length (A B )
abridge : length :: attenuate : thickness (A B )
abridge : length :: dilute : concentration (A B )
abridge : length :: enervate : energy (A B )
abridge : length :: abase : prestige (A B )
prestige ,
abridge extend in length, amplify, protract
protract; to draw out or lengthen in time; prolong
abridgement extension, complete sentence, expansion, sufficiency,
enlargement
condensed unabridged
[bnigit] v.t. (, ) :
SURRENDER, RELINQUISH
abnegate reaffirm
v.
aboveboard [bvbrd] a.
: in a straightforward manner
surreptitious barefaced, aboveboard
surreptitious , ;
chicanery aboveboard action
chicanery , , deception by trickery or sophistry;
a trick
abrasion
[brin] n. ,
* abrade [brid] v. , ,
1. to wear down or rub away by friction; erode
2. to make weary through constant irritation; wear down
spiritually
abrade augment
abraded : friction :: desiccated : dehydration (B cause A)
desiccate , ;
abraded : friction :: vaporized : heat
scuff : abrasion :: heat : vaporization (A lead to B)
scuff ,
lubricate : abrasion :: seal : leakage (A prevent B)
lubricate ,
abrasion : stroke :: boil : heat
abrade augment
abridge [brd]
: CONDENSE
v.t. , (, )
abrogate [brgit] v. ( )
: ANNUL, to abolish by authoritative action
abrogate uphold, embrace, institute
abscission [bsn, -n] n.
: REMOVAL, the act or process of cutting off
abscission process of grafting
graft , ,
abscond [bsknd / -sknd] v.
:to depart secretly and hide oneself
abscond : depart, leave :: pilfer, steal : take :: conspire : plan :: lurk :
wait (DEFECTIVE)
pilfer to steal (a small amount or item)
abscond : depart :: eavesdrop : listen :: shadow : follow :: secrete :
store
follow : shadow :: leave : abscond :: plot : scheme
abscond : depart :: lurk : wait
lurk , ; ,
lurk : wait :: purloin : appropriate (purloin appropriate
defective )
purloin [p:rlin] to steal, often in a violation of trust
appropriate; ; ,
absolute [bslt] a.
1. perfect in quality or nature; complete
2. not mixed; pure
3. a. not limited by restriction or exceptions; unconditional
b. unqualified in extent or degree; total
4. unconstrained by constitutional or other provisions
absolute qualified
qualified / ;
absolve [bzlv, -slv / -zlv] v.t. ,
1. to pronounce clear of guilt or blame ,
2. to relieve of a requirement or an obligation
exculpatory : absolve :: motivational : stir ( : )
exculpate to clear of guilt or blame
hortative : encourage :: exculpatory : absolve
hortative, hortatory , marked by strong urging
absolve inculpate, indict, sentence
inculpate = incriminate , ;
indict , ; /
absorb [bsrb, -zrb] v.t. ;
1. to take (something) in through or as through pores or
interstices
2. to occupy the full attention, interest, or time of; engross
absorb : sponge :: seal : caulk
absorb dissipate, exude, reflect
exude ( ) /
abstain
[bstin]
vi. ,
[bt]
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: to touch along a border or with a projecting part
contiguous : abut :: simultaneous : coincide ( : )
abysmal [bzml] a. , ,
stygian : dark :: abysmal : low (A >> B)
Stygian (stygian) (Styx), /
accede [ksd] v.
1. to give one's consent, often at the insistence of nother;
concede
2. to arrive at or come into an office or dignity
3. to become a party to an agreement or treaty
accede demur, dissent, oppose
demur to voice opposition; object
dissent v.i. ,
accelerate [kslrit] v. ,
expedite : process :: accelerate : pace
expedite , ; ;
accelerate : speed :: prolong : duration (B A )
accelerate : speed :: expand : size (B A )
accelerate : velocity :: prolong : duration :: crescendo : loudness ::
expedite : process
accelerate retard
accentuate
[ksntuit] v. ; ;
accentuate underplay
underplay
accessible
[kssbl] a. , capable
of being understood or appreciated
1. easily approached or entered
2. easily obtained
3. easy to talk to or get along with ,
4. easily swayed or influenced
accessible : approach :: irascible : enrage (A B )
abstruse accessible, patent
v.
[klid]
n. (); ,
v. to praise or honor
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acerbity saccharine
achromatic [krmtik] a.
: designating color perceived to have zero saturation and
therefore no hue, such as neutral grays, white, or black
hue ; ,
1. the property of colors by which they can be perceived as ranging
from red through yellow, green, and blue, as determined by the dominant
wavelength of the light
2. a particular gradation of color; a shade or tint
3. color
4. appearance; aspect
achromatic : hue :: transitory : permanence (A lack B)
achromatic : hue :: extraneous : essence (A lack B)
acid [sid] n. adj. , ,
1. a substance having a sour taste
2. the quality of being sarcastic, bitter, or scornful
acid savory
acme [kmi] n. , : APEX, CULMINATION, ZENITH
acme : surpass :: impossibility : execute (B = A)
surpass ,
acme : mountain :: crest : wave (A = B , )
vagary : predict :: acme : surpass (A B )
vagary , an extravagant or erratic notion or action
acme nadir
acoustic [ek:stik] a. ,
acoustic : sound :: optical : light
(autumnal : season, aquatic : wave )
acquiesce [kwis] v.
: to accept, comply, or submit tacitly or passively
intransigent : acquiesce :: deferential : offend
intransigent ,
deferential ,
acquiesce defy, resist, refute
defy , ;
refute ;
acquisition [kwzn] n. ,
divestiture acquisition
divest ( ) ; ( )
acquit [kwt] v.t.
1. (law) to free or clear from a charge or accusation
,
2. to release or discharge from a duty ( )
acre [ikr] n. [ ]; ,
ream : paper :: acre : land :: volt : electricity :: quart : liquid
acrid
[krid] a. , : IRRITATING
1. unpleasantly sharp, pungent, or bitter to the taste or smell
2. caustic in language or tone
acrid : gentleness :: forthright : guile (A lack B)
grating, strident : sound :: acrid : odor
strident ,
acrid : odor :: grating, piercing : sound
acrid gentle, savory
savory ; , ; ,
acrimonious [krmunis] a. ,
: caustic, biting, or rancorous especially in feeling, language,
or manner
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habitually or obsessively
inured : tolerance :: addicted : dependency (A = B )
inure ,
[dmnt, -mnt] n. a.
, : UNYIELDING
: unshakable or immovable especially in opposition
adamant : flexibility :: refractory : control
refractory , ; obstinately resistant to
authority or control
impossible : execute :: adamant : move
adamant : moved :: intractable : led :: incorrigible : reformed
adamant : yield :: cautious : gamble (A = B )
gamble , ;
adamant : yield :: slothful : assiduity (A = B )
adamant easily changing mind
adamant vacillatory, moved, inclined to yield, flexible, irresolute,
pliable, yielding, easily swayed, pliant, tractable, vacillant
vacillatory; inclined to waver; irresolute
vi. ( ) /
adjudicate [ddkeit] v. ; ( )
1. (law) to hear and settle (a case) by judicial procedure
2. to study and settle (a dispute or controversy)
adjudicator [ddikitr] n. one that act as
judge
adjunct
addicted [dktid] a. ,
addict; to devote or surrender (oneself) to something
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adulterate : purity :: enervate : vigor (A remove B)
unalloyed adulterated
tainted unadulterated
adulteration purification
adumbrate [dmbrit, dmbrit] v.
1. to give a sketchy outline of
2. to prefigure indistinctly; foreshadow
3. to disclose partially or guardedly
adumbrate : punctuality (A B )
revelation adumbration
advent [dvent] n. ,
advent end, exit, disappearance, departure
adversary [dvrsri / -sri] n. : ENEMY, FOE
opposition : adversary :: instruction : mentor
supplicant : humility :: adversary : resistance (A have B, CHARACTER)
supplicant n. a. ,
humility ,
adversary ally
ally [li] , ; ,
advertence [dvrtns, d-] n. , ;
advert ; to call attention; refer
advertence inattention
advertent inattentive
inadvertence careful attention
advertise [dvrtiz] v.t.
: to announce publicly especially by a printed notice or a
broadcast
advertising : commercial :: publishing : journal
advocate [dvkit] v.t.
: to speak, pled, or argue in favor of
advocacy : champion :: criticism : evaluate
champion; v. (),
exponent : advocate :: pollster : canvass
exponent ,
pollster, polltaker
canvass ; () ;
advocate attack, impugn, oppose, thwart, impede
aerate
[reit, irit] v. , ;
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affliction
[flkn] n.
1. a condition of pain, suffering, or distress
2. a cause of pain, suffering, or distress
affluent [flu()nt, fl-] a.
: having a generously sufficient and typically increasing
supply of material possessions
affluent needy, indigent
indigent [ndidnt] , experiencing want or need;
impoverished
impecunious wealthy, prosperous, affluent
impecunious lacking money; penniless
penury affluence
penury ,
affront [frnt] v. n. ,
(=OFFEND : to cause displeasure, anger)
: to insult intentionally, especially openly
: an open or intentional offense, slight, or insult
affront please(, ) (*countenance( )
)
agape [gip] adv. adj. (), (),
()
agape closed
aghast [gst, gst] a. : SHOCKED
: struck by shock, terror, or amazement
agenda [dnd] n. ()
: a list or program of things to be done or considered
program : concert :: agenda : meeting
repertoire : performance :: agenda : meeting
curriculum : class :: menu : dish
curriculum, syllabus : course :: agenda : meeting
itinerary : travel, trip :: agenda : meeting
minute : agenda :: log : itinerary ( )
minute a note or summary covering points to be remembered
itinerary , ,
log; a record of a ship's speed, its progress, and any shipboard events
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of navigational importance
aggrandize [grndaiz, grndiz] v.t. , ()
, (, )
: to make appear great or greater; praise highly
aggrandize disparage, efface
aggrandize downplay
aggrandize relegate (undermine 2?( 2-6-31))
relegate
effacing aggrandizing
efface , ;
conspicuous ;
aggravate [grvit] v.t.
: to make worse, more serious, or more severe; intensify
unpleasantly
succor aggravate
succor [skr] , to give assistance to in time of want,
difficulty, or distress
aggravate alleviate, ameliorate
alleviate , to make (pain, for example) more bearable
ameliorate / to make or become better; improve
console aggravate grief
allay increase the intensity of, aggravate, intensify
allay [li] ,
aggregate [grigit] v. n. a. , ,
: to collect or gather into a mass or whole
coalesce disaggregate
coalesce ,
disaggregate, disintegrate join together
aggregate isolated units ()
aggregate disperse ()
aggregated detached, separated, unfastened, part, split, polarized,
bifurcated, broken apart
aggressive [grsiv] a. ,
: inclined to behave in a hostile fashion
aggressive even meaning, even-tempered
[lkrti] n. , : promptness
in response; cheerful readiness
husbandry : dissipate :: alacrity : procrastinate (OPPOSITE)
husbandry , , ; ,
procrastinate ,
alacrity : prompt :: acumen : shrewd (EQUAL, : )
alacrity : apathetic :: temerity : timid (OPPOSITE)
apathetic ; ,
temerity foolhardy disregard of danger; recklessness
timid lacking self-confidence; shy; fearful and hesitant
alacrity dilatoriness, hesitancy, hesitance, reluctance, delay, footdragging
dilatory; intended to delay; tending to postpone or delay
foot-dragging; , ,
alacrity recalcitrance, sluggishness
recalcitrant marked by stubborn resistance to and defiance of authority
or guidance
albino
[lbinou / -b-] n. (
, , )
albino : pigment :: prairie : tree
pigment ,
prairie treeless grassland
agile
agitate
[ditit]
alchemy [lkmi] n. ,
alchemy : chemistry :: false drug : treatment
astrology : astronomy :: alchemy : chemistry
alchemy : science :: nostrum : remedy
nostrum ; (, )
alibi
v. ; ,
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[lbi] n.
: an explanation offered to avoid blame or justify action; an
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abate : tax :: alleviate : distress
alleviate : intensity :: abate : tax :: console : grief (A remove B)
alleviate : strength :: dampen : ardor :: assuage : sorrow
alleviation : immitigable ::
:
alleviate intensify, exacerbate, increase intensity
exacerbate to increase the severity, violence, or bitterness of;
aggravate
excuse
alibi : exculpatory :: warning : admonitory
exculpatory , ,
admonitory ,
alibi : exculpatory :: admonishment : warning
alibi : exculpate :: sophism : deceive (A is for B)
sophism ,
alienate
[iljn`eit] v. , , / ,
1. To cause to become unfriendly or hostile; estrange:
alienate a friend; alienate potential supporters by taking
extreme positions. ESTRANGE
2. To cause to become withdrawn or unresponsive; isolate
or dissociate emotionally: The numbing labor tended to
alienate workers.
3. To cause to be transferred; turn away: He
succeeded . . . in alienating the affections of my only
ward (Oscar Wilde).
4. Law. To transfer (property or a right) to the ownership
of another, especially by an act of the owner rather than
by inheritance.
alienate unite, reunite
align
[lin] v. , , (,
) ()
; aligned nations
align divide, disjoin
aligned awry, not affiliated, askew, improperly adjusted, badly
adjusted, warped, irregular
awry [ri] , ; ,
affiliate , ,
warp [w:rp] , ,
allay
[li] v. , : ALLEVIATE
1. to reduce the intensity of; relieve
2. to calm or pacify; set to rest
allay : relief :: (A B )
allay increase the intensity of, excite, galvanize, arouse, exacerbate,
foment, aggravate, compel, intensify, irritate, provoke
exacerbate to increase the severity, violence, or bitterness of;
aggravate
allegiance [ldns] n.
: devotion or loyalty to a person, group, or cause
authority : pundits :: allegiance : partisans (B have A)
pundit ,
partisan ,
renegade : allegiance :: apostate : faith
renegade ,
apostate [psteit] ,
apostasy abandonment of one's religious faith, a political party, one's
principles, or a cause
allegory [lgri / -gri] n. ;
: the expression by means of symbolic fictional figures and
actions of truths or generalizations about human
existence
allegory : fiction :: (B use A)
allergy [l:rd3i] n. ; ,
1. an abnormal high sensitivity to certain substances, such
as pollens, foods, or microorganisms
2. (informal) an adverse sentiment; antipathy
allergy : reaction :: lancet : instrument (A is a kind of B)
alleviate [lviit] v. : RELIEVE, LESSEN
: to make (as suffering) more bearable
alliterate [ltrit] v.
alliterate : remove :: blazon : efface
* alliteration exaggeration, duplication (alliterate means
repetition of sounds, indicating lengthiness or wordiness. Remove, on
the other hand, means cut short or make more concise)
/ blazon means proclaim widely, like in obvious and open manner, while
efface (as in self-effaced) mean behaving modest or reserved.
blazon , ; ,
efface , ;
alloy
[li] v. , ,
: to debase by the addition of an inferior element
alloy : purity :: thin : density (A reduce B)
allowance [luns] n. ()
: a share or portion allotted or granted
pittance : allowance :: rivulet : stream (A is small B)
pittance /;
rivulet ,
allude [ld] vi.
: to make indirect reference
intimate : communicate :: allude : refer
intimate , ;
allude mention explicitly
ally [li] n. ,
ally adversary, rival
aloft
aloof [luf] a. ,
: removed or distant either physically or emotionally
aloof : objectivity :: (A B )
aloof : solitude :: (A B )
aloof : reserve :: sluggish : torpor (A B )
aloof : associate :: politic : offend (OPPOSITE) ( : )
politic , ; ; ,
aloof having affinity, gregarious, intimate
gregarious ; (sociable); ,
alphabetical [lfbtikl] a.
dictionary : alphabetical :: annals : chronological
annals ;
altruism [ltruzm] n.
altruist : selflessness :: connoisseur : expertise (A have B)
connoisseur ,
expertise /
altruism egocentrism, egoism
vulture altruist
vulture , ; ,
amalgamate [mlgmit] v. ,
: to unite in or as if in an amalgam, especially to merge into a
single body
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ameliorate : improve :: admonish : caution (EQUAL, : )
ameliorate : improve :: persuade : convince
ameliorate aggravate, exacerbate
damper ameliorator
damp ; ,
[mbl] vi. , n. :
SAUNTER
: to walk slowly or leisurely; stroll
walk : amble :: talk : chat :: draw : doodle
doodle ,
amble : wander (EQUAL)
wander ,
amble step/stride/walk quickly, scurry , march rapidly
scurry () , ,
ambrosial
[mbruil] a. , extremely
pleasing to taste or smell in food
mellifluous : music :: ambrosial : food
mellifluous ,
mellifluous : sound :: savory : taste
savory ,
grateful , ;
amenity nuisance
amiable [imibl] a.
: being friendly, sociable, and congenial
inimical, rancorous friendly, amiable, amicable
amicable [mikbl] a. : PEACEABLE
: characterized by friendly goodwill
amicable : malign :: negligible : elevate (OPPOSITE)
malign to make evil, harmful, and often untrue statement
about; speak evil of
elevate , ;
amicable : friendliness :: ( )
inimical friendly, amiable, amicable
asperity amicableness
amicable rancorous
amiss [ms] adj. adv. , : IMPERFECTLY
1. out of proper order
2. not in perfect shape; faulty
amnesia [mn:] n. ,
: partial or total loss of memory, usually resulting from shock,
psychological disturbance, brain injury, or illness
amnesia : memory :: enervation : vigor
amnesia retention, remembrance, consciousness, awareness
amorphous [mrfs] a. : SHAPELESS
: having no definite form
amorphous : shape, structure :: errant, wandering : course :: ignorant :
knowledge :: equivocal : certainty : disjointed : coherence
errant , () , ( )
disjointed ; , (, ) ,
amorphousness : definition :: lassitude : energy (LACK)
lassitude , a state or feeling of weariness, diminished
energy, or listlessness
amorphous defined, definite
amphibian
[mfbin]
n. ; ;
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4. one that is greatly reviled, loathed, or shunned
anathema : curse :: theocracy : state (A is a kind of B)
anathema ; () state
anathema panegyric, blessing
panegyric /, (laudation)
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answerable not responsible for, exempt from liability
[ntik] n. , a. , v.
: a ludicrous or extravagant act or gesture
antic : gravity :: (A lack B)
facetious : speech :: antic : behavior
facetious [fs:s] ; , playfully jocular;
humorous
anomalous
a.
a. ,
antidote [ntidut] n.
antidote : poisoning :: balm : irritation :: remedy : disease
balm ; ,
antidote : poison :: tonic : lethargy
lethargy ,
antidote intoxication
antipathy [ntpi] n. , : DISTASTE
: settled aversion or dislike
antipathy affection, affinity, benevolence, fondness, predilection,
proclivity, settled fondness
predilection , (preference)
proclivity , , (tendency)
agreeable : antipathy :: tedious : engrossment (A B )
agreeable ,
antique [ntk] a. : ANCIENT
1. belonging to, made in, or typical of an earlier period
2. of or belonging to ancient times, especially of, from, or
characteristic of ancient Greece or Rome
3. of or dealing in antiques
4. old-fashioned
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antique recent
antiseptic [ntsptik] n.
oil : lubricate :: antiseptic : disinfect
sedative : pacify :: antiseptic : sterilize
sedative
sterilize /; ;
antithetic, antithetical [ntitik] adj. ; ,
[ipeks] n.
1. the highest point; the vertex
2. the point of culmination
3. the usually pointed end of an object; the tip
apex nadir [nidr]
apex : career :: summit : mountain (zenith : horizon )
apophasis [pfss] n.
: allusion to something by denying that it will be mentioned
apophasis : claim :: oxymoron : paradox
oxymoron
apoplectic [pplktik] a. ,
: greatly agitated; extremely angry
apoplectic : angry :: emaciated : thin (A >> B)
emaciate to make or become extremely thin
apoplectic : calm :: callow : mature :: incorrigible : tractable (OPPOSITE)
callow () ; lacking adult maturity or
experience; immature
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apoplectic calm
apostasy [pstsi / ps-] n. , : DEFECTION
: renunciation of a religious faith; abandonment of a
previous loyalty
apostasy : faith :: recantation : heresy (B = A)
recant ( ) /
heresy , ,
apostasy fidelity
apostrophe [pstrfi / ps-] n.
a mark(') used to indicate the omission of letters or figures,
the possessive case, or the plural of letters or figures
apostrophes : word :: ellipsis : sentence
ellipsis ()
parenthesis : explanation :: apostrophe : omission
* ellipsis (, ..., ***) : omission
* asterisk(*) : annotation(), indicate an omission or a reference
to a footnote
* caret (^) : interpolation, indicate something is to be inserted in a
line of printed or written matter
apothecary [pkri / ap-] n.
apothecary : medicine :: butcher : meat (A sell B)
(librarian () : book )
appall [pl] v.t.
: to overcome with consternation, shock, or dismay
appall embolden, nerve, encourage
nerve; v.t. to give strength or courage to
apparel [prl] v.t, ; ,
1. to clothe or dress
2. to adorn or embellish
gaudy : apparel :: grandiloquent : speak
gaudy ; showy in a tasteless or vulgar
way
tonsorial : hair :: sartorial : apparel
tonsorial ()
sartorial ,
appeal [pl] vi.
1. to make an earnest or urgent request, as for help
2. to have recourse, as for corroboration; resort
3. (law) to make or apply for an appeal
4. to be attractive or interesting
recourse ,
corroborate to strengthen or support with other evidence; make more
certain
resort , , ; ()
remonstrator : dissuade :: applicant : appeal (A = B )
remonstrate , to say or plead in protest,
objection, or reproof
appealing
[pli] a. ; , :
PLEASING
appealing noisome
noisome , ; ,
[prntis] n. : novice
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a. : PERTINENT
apt
aquarium [ekw(:)rim] n. ,
aquarium : fish :: arboretum : tree
aquatic
a.
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presage , ; , ; ,
archipelago [rkplgu] n. ,
: a group of islands
archipelago : island :: range () : mountain :: chain : link ::
school : fish
archipelago : islands :: grove : trees :: galaxy : stars :: bouquet :
flowers
grove ;
oasis : desert :: archipelago : ocean :: glade : wood
glade
[rid] a.
1. lacking moisture, especially having insufficient rainfall to
support trees or woody plants
2. lacking interest or feeling; lifeless and dull
* aridness n.
marsh : sodden :: desert : arid
marsh ,
sodden (soaked)
arid damp, marshy
aridness humidness
architect [rkitkt] n.
choreographer : movement :: architect : building (A compose B)
(sculptor : statue )
archive [rkaiv] n.
1. often archives a place or collection containing records,
documents, or other materials of historical interest
2. a repository for stored memories or information
archive : book :: museum : painting
archive : manuscript :: arsenal : weapon
arsenal [:rsnl]
archive : records :: museum : artifacts, paintings
book : library :: file : archive
archness [rtnis] n. /
archness straightness
archness subordinate/obedience
arch [:rt] n. , a. , ;
1. chief; principal
2. mischievous; roguish
roguish [rugi] , ; ,
archness straightness
archness subordinate, obedience
arctic [rktik] a. , : FRIGID
: extremely cold
torrid arctic
ardent [:rd:nt] adj. , ;
1. expressing or characterized by warmth of feeling;
passionate
2. displaying or characterized by strong enthusiasm or
devotion; fervent
3. a. burning; fiery b. glowing; shining
ardent arctic, dispassionate, apathetic, indifferent
arctic a. ,
ardent : zeal :: ascetic : self-denial :: glutton : overindulgence ::
busybody : intrusiveness (A B , :)
ardor [rdr] n. , : INTENSITY
1. fiery intensity of feeling
2. strong enthusiasm or devotion; zeal
3. intense heat or glow, as of fire
assuage : sorrow :: dampen : ardor :: alleviate : strength
torpor ardor
torpor , ,
arduous [rdus / -dju-] a. ,
1. demanding great effort or labor; difficult
2. testing severely the powers of endurance; strenuous
3. hard to traverse, climb, or surmount
arduous facile, painless, undemanding
facile [fsil] , ; ,
argot
[rgout, -gt]
n.
armory [rmri] n.
: a place where arms and military equipment are stored
pantry : food :: armory : weapons
pantry
arousal [ruzl] n. ,
stimulation : arousal :: pathogen : diseasing (A make B)
pathogen ,
arouse [ruz] ; ,
1. to awake from or as if from sleep
2. to stir up; excite
phlegmatic : arouse :: (A = B )
quell, quash, quench arouse, foment, instigate, rouse, incite, stir up
arrest [rst] v.t. ( ) ;
1. to stop; check
2. to seize and hold under the authority of law
3. to capture and hold briefly (the attention, for example);
engage
arrest vitalize, stimulate, advance, forward, promote
arresting [rsti] a. : STRIKING, IMPRESSIVE
: attracting and holding the attention
blatant : arresting :: odious : disgusting (A B )
blatant ;
odious , arousing or meriting strong dislike, aversion, or
intense displeasure
arresting banal
arrhythmic [rmik] a.
arrhythmic : regularity :: apathetic : concern
arrhythmic exhibiting regularity, regular
arrogance [rgns] n.
: a feeling or an impression of superiority manifested in an
overbearing manner or presumptuous claims
arrogant a.
1. making or disposed to make claims to unwarranted
importance or consideration out of overbearing pride
2. marked by or arising from arrogance arrogance the state
or quality of being arrogant; overbearing pride
mean : prodigality :: meek : arrogance (OPPOSITE)
prodigal , ; ,
meek , , ;
confidence : arrogant :: inquiry : interrogatory ( : )
interrogatory ; asking a question; of the nature
of a question = interrogative
intentional : accidental : arrogant : humble (OPPOSITE)
arrogance : defer :: lassitude : stir (A B )
defer , ; ,
lassitude , , a state or feeling of weariness,
diminished energy, or listlessness
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artlessness duplicity, guile
duplicity ,
artlessness urbanity, sophistication, affectation, sophism
urbanity ; refinement and elegance of manner;
polished courtesy
affectation , ; ,
sophism
1. a plausible but fallacious argument
2. deceptive or fallacious argumentation
ascend [snd] v. , ; ( )
v.i.
1. to go or move upward; rise
2. to slope upward
v.t.
1. to move upward upon or along; climb
2. to succeed to; occupy
* ascendency , , Superiority or decisive
advantage; domination
* ascendant = ascendent [sndnt] n. : DOMINATION
a. : a state or position of dominant power or
importance
ascendant having no influence, having no power, declining
ascendant nonentity
nonentity /;
ascend decline, go down
ascendency lack of influence, nonentity
ascetic [stik] a. n. ,
1. leading a life f self-discipline and self-denial, especially for
spiritual improvement
2. pertaining to or characteristic of an ascetic; self-denying
ascetic : self-denial :: glutton : overindulgence :: busybody :
intrusiveness :: ardent : zeal
glutton , ;
busybody
intrusive ;
ascetic : self-denial :: bodybuilding : self-development
ascetic : luxury :: teetotaler : alcohol (A B )
teetotaler
one who abstains completely from alcoholic beverages
ascetic sybarite, voluptuary, sumptuous, indulgent, hedonic
sybarite
voluptuary [vlpturi] ,
hedonism pursuit of or devotion to pleasure, especially to the
pleasures of the senses
sumptuous , ; ,
ascetic hedonist ()
asceticism indulgence
aseptic [sptik, ei-] a.
aseptic : disinfections :: anesthetic : numbs
anesthetic n. a. ; ,
aseptic contaminated
aside [sid] n. ; ; ,
1. a piece of dialogue intended for the audience and
supposedly not heard by the other actors on stage
2. a remark made in an undertone so as to be inaudible to
others nearby
3. a parenthetical departure; a digression
aside : digression :: overture : introduction (CHARACTER)
aside : digression :: summary : excerpt
excerpt ;
ad-lib : impromptu :: aside : divergent
askew [skj] adv. , a. : AWRY
: to one side
awry [ri] , ; () ,
put up a poster askew
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assertive [srtiv] a. ,
: disposed to or characterized by bold or confident assertion;
aggressively self-assured
obsequious : servile :: belligerent : assertive (B A, A B
)
obsequious , full of or exhibiting servile compliance
belligerent ,
assertive ; inclined to bold or confident assertion; aggressively selfassured
bumptious : assertive :: garish : colorful (A >> B)
bumptious , (arrogant); crudely or
loudly assertive; pushy
garish
unassertive brassy
brassy , ; , ;
, ;
assess [ss] v.
1. to estimate the value of (property) for taxation
2. to set or determine the amount of (a payment, such as a
tax or fine)
3. to charge (a person or property) with a special payment,
such as a tax or fine
4. to determine the value, significance, or extent of; appraise
assess : value :: plumb : depth
asset [set] n.
asset liability
liability , (debts)
assiduous [sdus] a. ; ,
1. constant in application or attention; diligent
2. unceasing; persistent
assiduous : diligent :: bootless : futile (CHARACTER)
assiduous : sluggish :: (OPPOSITE)
rakish : restraint :: slothful : assiduity (OPPOSITE)
rakish ,
slothful , disinclined to work or exertion; lazy
assiduous indolent, desultory, slipshod, remiss, careless
indolent ,
desultory ,
slipshod ,
remiss , ,
assistance [sst:ns] n. , ,
1. the act of assisting 2. aid; help
assistance interference
assuage [swid] v.t. (), : APPEASE,
EASE
1. to make (something burdensome or painful) less intense
or severe
2. to satisfy or appease (hunger or thirst, for example)
3. to pacify or calm
assuage : sorrow :: dampen : ardor
assuage intensify, inflame, exacerbate, vex, incite, aggravate, chafe,
irritate
inflame , ,
chafe , ; ,
gall calm, assuage
gall ; ; , ; ,
assume
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[sjm]
v.t.
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atrophy [trfi] n. , ; ,
1. (pathology) a wasting or decrease in size of a bodily organ,
tissue, or part owing to disease, injury, or lack of use
2. a wasting away, deterioration, or diminution
attentive [tntiv] a. ;
1. giving care or attention; watchful
2. marked by or offering devoted and assiduous attention to
the pleasure or comfort of others
3. expressing affectionate interest through close observation
and gallant gestures
inattentive adj.
inattentive : enthusiasm ::
attentive : fussy :: talkative : garrulous (A << B)
fussy ( ) ,
attentive : officious :: refined : snobbish (A << B)
officious ,
attentive : meddlesome :: envious : jealous (A << B)
meddle , ;
fawning : attentive :: garish : colorful (A >> B)
attenuate [tnjuit] v. , ,
a. , ,
1. to make slender, fine, or small
2. to reduce in force, value, amount, or degree; weaken
3. to lessen the density of; rarefy
attenuate : force :: decelerate : speed
attenuate : density :: blunt : sharpness
blunt v.
attenuate : strength, length, thickness :: decelerate : speed :: enervate :
vitality :: cool : temperature :: weaken : potence (B A , A B
)
(compact : extent )
enervate; to weaken or destroy the strength or vitality of
potence, potency , ; , ; ,
attenuate : thickness :: debilitate : strength :: collapse : volume
debilitate = enervate
attenuate : force :: debase : value :: retrench : money
debase (, ) , to lower in character,
quality, or value; degrade
retrench , ; to cut down, reduce; to remove,
delete, or omit
attenuate : thickness :: attenuate : force :: simplify : complexity
attenuate intensify, strengthen
attenuate expand, fortify, increase
attenuated dense
attorney [trni] n. ,
: a legal agent qualified to act for suitors and defendants in
legal proceedings
attorney : disbar :: student : expel
attorney : defendant :: (EQUAL)
attrition n. , ; , ;
1. a rubbing away or wearing down by friction
2. a gradual diminution in number or strength because of
constant stress
3. a gradual, natural reduction in membership or personnel,
as through retirement, resignation, or death
4. (theology) repentance for sin motivated by fear of
punishment rather than by love of God
unrepentant attritional
attribute [tribjt] /[trbjut] n. / ,
v. ~ : impute, ascribe, accuse
: a legal agent qualified to act for suitors and defendants in
legal
auction [kn] n.
auctioneer : gavel :: referee : whistle :: judge : gavel :: surgeon : scapel
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(B A )
[dis] a. , , :
ADVENTUROUS
1. fearlessly, often recklessly daring; bold
2. unrestrained by convention or propriety; insolent
3. spirited and original ,
audacious : trepidation :: laconic : volubility (OPPOSITE, : )
audacious : cautious :: audacious : careful :: abandon : inhibiting
circumspect audacious, reckless, directly encountering, indescreet
audacious timid, craven, timorous, pusillanimous (meticulous (
) )
audaciousness, audacity trepidation
audacious
audible [dbl] a.
audible : stentorian :: discernable : obvious, manifest (A << B)
audible : stentorian :: discerned : obvious (A << B)
stentorian extremely loud
audition [ :dn] n. , ; ,
interview : applicant :: audition : actor
augment [gmnt] v.
: to make (something already developed or well under way)
greater, as in size, extent, or quantity
* augmentation n.
augmentation : abatement :: (OPPOSITE)
augment retrench, abate
retrench , to cut down, reduce; to remove, delete,
or omit
abate ,
augmentation abatement, diminution, reduction
abatement , ,
diminution
a. the act or process of diminishing; a lessening or reduction
b. the resulting reduction; decrease
n, v. ,
augur [gr]
: one held to foretell events by omens
intercessor : mediate :: augur : predict :: translator : interpret
intercessor ,
intercession , ; ,
augur : predict :: pundit : opine
pundit a source of opinion; a learned person
opine , to hold or state as an opinion
worship : sacrifice :: prediction : augury (A B )
maven : experience :: luminary : eminence :: pundit : opine (A = B
)
maven a person who has special knowledge or
experience; an expert
luminary ;
maven : experience :: augur : prediction
auspicious [sps] a. : PROPITIOUS
1. attended by favorable circumstances; propitious
2. marked by success; prosperous
auspicious boding ill, untoward, ominous, unfavorable, ill-omened,
unpropitious
boding / an omen or foreboding, especially of evil
foreboding a sense of impending evil; an evil omen
omen , ,
ominous ; ,
inauspicious favorable
austere [str] a. ,
1. severe or stern in disposition or appearance; somber and
grave
2. strict or severe in discipline; ascetic
3. having no adornment or ornamentation; bare
22
aver
[vid] a. ,
1. having an ardent desire or unbounded craving; greedy
2. marked by keen interest and enthusiasm
reverence : respect :: avidity : enthusiasm (A >> B)
reverence
avid diffident, indifferent
diffident
1. lacking or marked by a lack of self-confidence; shy and timid
2. reserved in manner
avulsion [vln] n.
: a tearing away of a body part accidentally or surgically
1. (medicine) the forcible tearing away of a body part by
trauma or surgery
2. the sudden movement of soil from one property to
another as a result of a flood or a shift in the course of a
boundary stream
avulsion suture, link
suture [s:tr] ( ) ; ,
awash [w, w / w] a. : FLOODED
: filled, covered, or completely overrun as if by a flood
awash dry
awe
[] n.
: a mixed emotion of reverence, respect, dread, and wonder
inspired by authority, genius, great beauty, sublimity, or
might
sublime , ; , ;
redoubtable : regard, awe :: despicable : scorn, contempt, disregard
(A = B )
redoubtable ; arousing fear or awe
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awe irreverence
irreverence ,
awkward [kwrd] a. ,
craven : admirable :: deft : awkward (OPPOSITE)
craven , characterized by abject fear; cowardly
dexterous, lithe awkward
lithe [lai] ,
svelte paunchy and awkward
svelte , ; , slender or graceful in figure
or outline; slim
paunchy [p:nti] having a potbelly
deft awkward
deft quick and skillful; adroit
awl [l] n.
awl : pierce :: pestle : hash
pestle ,
awning [ni] n.
awning : sun :: umbrella : rain (PROTECT)
awry
[ri] a. , : ASKEW
1. in a position that is turned or twisted toward one side;
askew
2. away from the correct course
awry aligned, orderly, planned, straight
axiomatic [ksimtik]
: taken for granted
axiomatic controversial
a. : SELF-EVIDENT
B
babble [bbl] v.t.
: to utter meaningless or unintelligible sounds
babble : sense :: parrot : originality (LACK)
parrot ; to repeat or imitate especially
without understanding
babble : talk :: scribble : write
babble, waffle express succinctly
waffle , ,
backdrop [bkdrp / bkdrp] n.
: a painted cloth hung across the rear of a stage
placebo : painkiller :: backdrop : vista
vista , ;
backhanded [bkhndid]
: not straightforward
backhanded forthright
a. , : DEVIOUS
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cart 2 ;
badger [bdr] v.t.
: to harass or annoy persistently
badger : bother :: belabor : mention (A B
)
belabor , ; ,
badger : bother :: importune : request
badger mollify
badinage [bdin, bdinid] n. : BANTER
: light, playful banter
playful : banter :: exaggerated : hyperbole (CHARACTER)
hyperbole () a figure of speech in which exaggeration is used
for emphasis or effect
badinage clear reference, serious discourse, sincere conversation
baffle [bfl] v. ; ,
1. to frustrate or check (a person) as by confusing or
perplexing
2. to impede the force or movement of
baffle : confusion :: bewitch : temptation
baffle encourage
bait [beit] v.t. , : ENTICE, LURE
1. to place a lure in (a trap) or on (a fishing hook)
2. to entice, especially by trickery or strategy
4. to attack or torment, especially with persistent insults,
criticism, or ridicule
5. to tease
bait disarm, mollify
disarm ; , ,
balance [blns] n, v. ,
: to determine the weight of (something) in or as if in a
weighing device
abacus : calculate :: balance : weigh
balance : weight :: verify : accuracy (A = B )
bale [beil] n. ; ,
1. evil
2. mental suffering; anguish
bale happiness, success, good fortune
bale benefit, mirth
mirth , , gladness and gaiety, especially when
expressed by laughter
baleful [bilfl] a.
: deadly or pernicious in influence pernicious
a. tending to cause death or serious injury; deadly
b. causing great harm; destructive
baleful : menace :: solicitous : concern (EQUAL)
baleful beneficent
balk
[bk] v. , n. , ()
1. to stop short and refuse to go on
2. to refuse obstinately or abruptly
balk move ahead willingly
balky [bki] a. ()
1. given to stopping and refusing to go on
2. difficult to operate or start
balky acquiescent, eager, tractable, accommodating, compliant,
cooperative, agreeable, complaisant, pliable, obedient
acquiesce ; () to consent or comply
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passively or without protest
accommodating , ,
complaisant , ,
ballad [bld] n. ( ) ,
ballad : stanza :: novel : chapter :: prose : paragraph :: symphony :
movement (A B)
stanza ()
ballad : song :: lyric : poem :: comedian : actor(A B)
ballast [blst]
n.
: something that gives stability (as in character or conduct)
ballast : balance :: (PURPOSE)
truss, girder : support :: ballast : stability
truss
girder ;
ballast : instability :: purchase : slippage (A prevent B)
purchase n. a grip applied manually or mechanically to move
something or prevent it from slipping
ballast : stability :: camouflage : disguise
ballast : stabilize :: camouflage : disguise
disguise n. v.
ballet [blei, bli] n. ,
instrumentalist : symphony :: dancer : ballet (A play B)
singer : opera :: dancer : ballet
balloon [bl:n.] v. ; ,
1. to ascend or ride in a balloon
2. to expand or swell out like a balloon
3. to increase or rise quickly
balloon decrease slowly
ballot [blt] n. ; ;
: a list of candidates running for office
ballot : candidates ::
balm [bm] n. , ; , ;
antidote : poisoning :: balm : irritation (A prevent B)
balm harmful substance, irritant, noxious substance, piquancy
noxious , ;
piquant , ;
balm : soothing :: (A B )
balmy [bmi] a.
1. having the quality or fragrance of balm; soothing
2. mild and pleasant
balmy inclement, piquant, irritant
inclement , ;
piquant () , ; ,
bamboozle [bmbzl] v. : DUPE, HOODWINK
: (informal) to take in by elaborate methods of deceit;
hoodwink
hoodwink (blindfold); to take in by deceptive
means; deceive
ban
[bn] n.
: to prohibit, especially by official decree
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bane
[bein] n. /;
1. fatal injury or ruin
2. a cause of death, destruction, or ruin
3. a deadly poison
bane benefit, blessing
barb
barbarous
barefaced
[brfist] a. , ; ,
: OPEN, UNCONCEALED
1. a. having no covering over the face
b. having no beard
2. without disguise; unconcealed
3. undisguisedly bold; brazen
headlong : forethought :: barefaced : shame (A lack B)
headlong , ; ,
barefaced, aboveboard surreptitious
surreptitious , ;
bargain [brgn] v. : HAGGLE
haggle () ;
1. to bargain, as over the price of something
2. to argue in an attempt to come to terms
debate : issue :: bargain : price
baroque [bruk] a. ; ,
: characterized by grotesqueness, extravagance, complexity,
or flamboyance in ornamentation
baroque austere
barrage [br:d3] n. , ;
1. a. a heavy curtain of artillery fire directed in front of
friendly troops to screen and protect them
b. a rapid, concentrated discharge of missiles, as from small
arm
2. an overwhelming, concentrated outpouring, as of words
barrage : explosives :: deluge : rain
barrack(s) n. v.
1. a building or group of buildings used to house military
personnel
2. often barracks. A large, unadorned building used for
temporary occupancy
barracks : soldier :: monastery : monk
barrel [brl] v. ,
barrel plod
barren [brn] a. ,
barren prolific, fecund
prolific , ;
barricade [brkid] n. , ; ,
1. a structure set up across a route of access to obstruct the
passage of an enemy
2. something that serves as an obstacle; a barrier
barricade permit passage
barter [brtr] v. n. ()
correspond : letters :: barter : commodities (B A )
correspondence : letters :: barter : commodities : conversation :
language
jog : exercise :: barter : trade (A B)
base [beis] a. ,
base virtuous, noble, patrician, sublime
virtuous , having or showing virtue, especially moral
excellence
patrician , ;
sublime [sblim] , ; ,
baseboard [bisbrd] n.
: a molding that conceals the joint between an interior wall
and a floor
veneer : furniture :: baseboard : wall
veneer , ; ,
baseness [bisnis] n. the quality or state of being contemptible,
mean-spirited, or selfish
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befitting inappropriate
batch [bt] n. /; ; (, ) 1;
1. an amount produced at one baking
2. the quantity produced as the result of one operation
3. the quantity needed for one operation
4. a group of persons or things
batch : cookie :: compound : element (a batch of cookies ,
element , compound )
bathe [bei] v. ~ , ~ ,
bathe : water :: cover : coat
bathetic [btik] a. , : TRITENESS
offbeat bathetic, hackneyed, trite, commonplace
offbeat () ; not conforming to an ordinary
type or pattern; unconventional
bathos [bias] n. ; ,
1. a. an abrupt, unintended transition in style from the
exalted to the commonplace, producing a ludicrous
effect
b. an anticlimax
2. a. insincere or grossly sentimental pathos
b. banality; triteness
[bbl] n. , : trivial, trifle, trinket,
tawdry
bauble valuable thing
bauble
befriend [bifrnd] ~ ~
befriend neglect
befuddle [bifdl] v.t. ; ; PERPLEX
1. to confuse; perplex
2. to stupefy with or as if with alcoholic drink
befuddlement : understanding ::
begin
1. to take the first step in performing an action; start
2. to come into being
3. to do or accomplish in the least degree
begin conclude
begrudge [bigrd]
begrudge grant
[bili] v. , ~ , ~ ,
beacon [bkn] n. ,
siren : sound :: beacon : light
siren : heard :: beacon : seen ()
castle : turret :: sea : beacon
beatific [btfik]
beatific dreadful
adj.
beatitude [bittjd] n.
: supreme blessedness or happiness
beatitude misery [mzri]
bedeck [bidk] v.t. : DECK
: to adorn or ornament in a showy fashion
bedeck strip
bedecked unadorned
bedlam [bdlm] n.
: a place or situation of noisy uproar and confusion
tumultuous : bedlam :: active : hive (B = A )
tumultuous [tjumltus] , , ; ,
v.
[bllitrstik]
n.
bellicose [blikus] a.
: warlike in manner or temperament; pugnacious
imperious : servile :: bellicose : peaceable
imperious , ;
bellicose peaceful, appeasing, inclined to make peace, conciliatory,
pacifist(ic), pacific, peaceable
belligerent [bldrnt] a. ,
1. inclined or eager to fight; hostile or aggressive
2. of, pertaining to, or engaged in warfare
befitting [bifti] a. , , ,
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benison curse
bent
[bent] a. n. ,
. 1. altered from an originally straight or even condition
2. determined to take a course of action
. 1. a tendency, disposition, or inclination
2. a transverse structural member or framework used for
strengthen a bridge or trestle
bent ineptitude
inept ;
incompetent , ,
(nonchalance (, casual lack of concern) )
[bend] v.
: to bring (something) into a state of tension
bend : rigid :: submerge : buoyant (OPPOSITE)
bend : rigid :: dissolve : insoluble (OPPOSITE)
dissolve , ; ,
benediction [bndkn] n.
1. a blessing
2. an invocation of divine blessing, usually at the end of a
church service
benediction curse
beneficent [bnfsnt] a. ,
: doing or producing good; performing acts of kindness and
charity
1. characterized by or performing acts of kindness or
charity
2. producing benefit; beneficial
* beneficience n.
beneficent : harm :: tenacious : yield
tenacious ; ,
philanthropist : beneficence :: comedian : humor
beneficence meanness
beneficence , , ,
meanness , ,
noxious, toxic beneficial
noxious ,
toxic (poisonous);
benevolent [bnvlnt] a. , ,
1. characterized by or suggestive of doing good
2. of, concerned with, or organized for the benefit of charity
* malevolent; , ,
benevolent : meanness :: (A B )
meanness : , , ,
malevolent benevolent, polite, benign, flattering, good
benign [binin] a.
1. of a kind and gentle disposition
2. showing gentleness and mildness
3. tending to exert a beneficial influence; favorable
benignant [bingnnt] a. , ;
1. favorable; beneficial
2. kind and gracious
benignant noxious, toxic, vicious, harsh, relentless, malevolent
vicious , ; , ; ; ,
benison
[bnzn, -sn]
n. : a blessing; a benediction
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[blnt] v. , ; (, )
;
1. to take the color from; bleach
2. to whiten (a growing plant or plant part) by covering to
cut off direct light
3. to whiten (a metal) by soaking in acid or by coating with
tin
4. a. to scald (almonds, for example) in order to loosen the
skin
b. to scald (food) briefly, as before freezing or as a
preliminary stage in preparing a dish
5. to cause to turn white or become pale
scald ; ;
mottle blanch
[bilk] v. n. , ,
1. to defraud, cheat, or swindle
2. to evade payment of
bilk pay in full, deal with earnesty, be forthright, be honest, help
biography [baigrfi] n.
biography : nonfiction :: sonnet : poem (A B )
bit [bit] n.
bit : drill :: blade : razor
biting [biti] adj. , , ,
biting gentle, mild, kind, conciliatory, flattering, feeble
blackout
[blkut] n. , , , /
: SUPPRESSION
: the concealment or extinguishment of lights that might be
bland
[blnd] a. , ; , : DULL,
INSIPID
1. characterized by a moderate, unperturbed, or tranquil
quality, especially:
a. pleasant in manner; smooth
b. not irritating or stimulating; soothing
c. exhibiting no personal worry, embarrassment, or concern
2. dull and insipid
pungency blandness
tangy bland
tangy [ti] ,
28
[blst, blst]
n, v.t.
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[blizn] v. ; , ;
, : PROCLAIM n. ()
1. (heraldry)
a. to describe (a coat of arms) in proper terms
b. to paint or depict (a coat of arms) with accurate detail
2. to adorn or embellish with or as if wit a coat of arms
3. to proclaim widely
alliterate : remove :: blazon : efface (OPPOSITE)
alliterate ,
blazon : adorn :: pillar : support (A B )
blazon efface
diffidence blazonment
[blndr]
n. ,
blur
blurb [blrb] n.
: a short publicity notice (as on a book jacket)
blurb : notice :: gloss : explanation :: glance : look :: cameo :
appearance (A B )
gloss , ; , ; , ,
[blrt] v.
: to utter abruptly and impulsively
blurt : utter :: flit : move
flit , to move quickly from one
condition or location to another
conceal blurt
blurt : utterance :: bolt : movement :: yank : pull (A= B )
bolt (, ) [ ]; ()
, ; .
blurt
blight [blait] n. v. , ; ( )
1. to cause (a plant, for example) to undergo blight
2. to have a deleterious effect on; ruin
blight flourish
blighted, barren grassy
blighted hale, sound, robust, unblemished, thriving, lush
hale , free from infirmity of illness; sound
blimp [blimp] n.
: a pompous, reactionary, ultra-nationalistic person
blimp man of progressive ideas
bliss
[blis] n. ,
1. extreme happiness; ecstasy
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: grandiloquent, pompous speech or writing
* bombastic a.
nonsensical : drivel :: pompous : bombast :: exaggerated : hyperbole ::
critical : tirade
drivel ;
bombast down to earth language
down to earth (, , ) , ,
bombastic understated, unpretentious, humble, restrained, subtle,
unaffected, unimpassioned
bluster
boast [boust] v.
: to glorify oneself in speech; talk in a self-admiring way
boast : pride :: complain : discontent (A show B)
blowhard : boastful :: toady : obsequious
blowhard
toady ,
boast belittle, depreciate, degrade, minimize
boding [budi] n. : FOREBODING
: an omen or foreboding, especially of evil
portent, omen
auspicious boding ill
auspicious ,
bookworm [bkwrm] ,
: one who spends much time reading or studying
bookworm : read :: gourmet : eat
gourmet ,
boon
[bu] n.
: a shout of disapproval or contempt
boor [bur] n.
insensitive : boor :: mischievous : imp
mischievous ; ,
imp ; ,
sensitivity : boor :: sagacity : simpleton
sagacity , the quality of being discerning, sound in judgment,
and farsighted; wisdom
simpleton ,
insensible : boor :: stingy : miser
boor civil person
boisterous
bolster [bulstr] n. v. ,
: to support with or as if with a bolster
bolster : support :: leash : restrain :: tackle : hoist (A is a tool for B)
tackle , ; , ; ( )
hoist ,
adulterant : pure :: bolster, brace : weak (OPPOSITE)
bolster : strength :: whet : sharpness ( : , A increase B)
thwart foment, foster, bolster
bolster decrease support of, undermine
bolt [boult] n. , , ,
v. ; , [
]; ; .
; Because the officer who entered was a colonel, he ed
to attention.
.
blurt : utterance :: bolt : movement
bombast
[bmbst / bm-]
n. ,
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bough [bau] n.
: a tree branch, especially a large or main branch
bound [baund] n. ,
* boundless adj. ,
boundless : limit :: impeccable : flaw
boundless : excessive :: interminable : lengthy (A >> B)
boundless : extensive :: interminable : lengthy
boundless limited
boundary unrestrained
bouquet [bouki, bu-] ; ( ) ,
1. a cluster or flowers; a nosegay
2. the fragrance typical of a wine or liqueur
nosegay [nuzgi] ; , a small bunch
of flowers
fragrance ,
1. the state or quality of having a pleasant odor
2. a sweet or pleasant odor; a scent
bouquet : flower :: constellation : star :: woodpile : log
bowdlerize [budlraiz, bud-] v. ()
to expurgate prudishly
to modify, as by shortening or simplifying or by skewing
the content in a certain manner
bowdlerize allow, approve, endorse, permit
[brti]
: a child, especially a spoiled or ill-mannered one
brattish a.
tightfisted : parsimonious :: brattish : mischievous
tightfisted ,
parsimonious ,
bravado [brvdou] n.
1. a. defiant or swaggering behavior
b. a pretense of courage; a false show of bravery
2. a disposition toward showy defiance or false expression of
courage
courageous : bravado :: complimentary : fulsomeness (A << B)
fulsome ( ) ,
swagger : bravado :: caress : affection
caress , a gentle touch or gesture of fondness, tenderness,
or love
[brvj-r] a. n. () ,
1. (music) a. brilliant technique or style in performance
b. a piece or passage that emphasizes a performer's
virtuosity
2. a showy manner or display
bravura : performance :: resplendence : appearance
resplendent , , splendid or dazzling in
appearance; brilliant
bravura
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bromide : hackneyed :: equivocation : misleading ( : )
hackneyed; overfamiliar through overuse; trite
bromide unhackneyed speech
[brzwi] n. ( )
breezeway : building :: stairway : floor stairway() (floor,
level) .
brevity [brvti] n.
brevity : aphorism :: distortion : caricature
brevity : epigram :: exaggeration : caricature :: condemnation :
philippic
philippic n.
brevity lengthiness
bribe [braib] v.
n. 1. something, such as money or a favor, offered or given
to a person in a position of trust to influence that
person's views or conduct
2. something serving to influence or persuade
bribe : incorruptible :: affect : insensible (B = A )
bribe : incorruptible :: rouse : insensible
bridle [bridl] n. v.
bridled without restraint
brilliance n. , (brightness); ,
1. the state or quality of being brilliant, as
a. extreme brightness
b. exceptional clarity and agility of intellect or invention
2. splendor; magnificence
brilliance dullness
brisk
[brisk] a. : LIVELY
1. marked by speed, liveliness, and vigor; energetic
2. keen or sharp in speech or manner
3. stimulating and invigorating
4. pleasantly zestful
ponderous lively, vibrant, brisk
bristle [brs-l] n. v. ( )
: to raise the bristles (as in anger)
bristle : anger :: vacillate : irresolution, indecision (A = B )
bristle cower
cower , to cringe in fear
brittle [brtl] a.
manifest : perceive :: brittle : break (A = B )
broach [brout] v. ;
1. a. to bring up (a subject) for discussion or debate
b. to announce
2. to pierce in order to draw off liquid
3. to draw off (a liquid) by piercing a hole in a cask or other
container
cf. brooch [brout] ,
broach bring off, close off
broaden [br:dn] v. , ,
broaden : width :: compact : density
width : broad :: weight : heavy
bromide [brumaid] n. /
1. a commonplace remark or notion; a platitude
2. a tiresome person; a bore
brood [bru:d] , ; () , ()
[bfr]
v. ()
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drawer : bureau :: trunk : tree
buoy
33
[brou , br-]
n. (, ) ;
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1. a mark or a quality, as of distinction, individuality, or
authenticity
2. a seal on a document, such as a letter
cachet mark of disapprobation
[bt] v.
: to thrust or push head foremost; strike with the head or
horns
butt : head :: nudge : elbow
nudge ,
butter n.
butter : margarine :: sugar : saccharin ( : )
buttress [btris] n. v. (),
buttress : wall :: strut : wing (A support B)
strut , ; ,
buttress : wall :: bracket : shelf
buttress : edifice, building :: splint : limb :: splint : fracture
edifice , ; ,
splint ()
limb ,
fracture ; , ;
aegis : protection :: buttress : support
aegis [:dis] ,
buttress contravene, challenge
contravene , ; ,
bygone[bign, -gn / -gn]
n. : PAST, OUTMODED
byline
[bilin] n.
: a line at the beginning of a news story, magazine article,
or book giving the writer's name
newspaper : byline :: letter : signature (play : script )
article : byline :: movie : credits
Byzantine [bznti:n, bizntain] adj. ;
; ,
often byzantine
1. of, relating to, or characterized by intrigue; scheming or
devious
2. highly complicated; intricate and involved
byzantine straightforward
C
cabal
[kbl] n. , , () , v.
,
1. a conspiratorial group of plotters or intriguers
2. a secret scheme or plot
cabal : association :: plot : plan (DEFECTIVE)
plot , , a secret plan to accomplish a hostile
or illegal purpose
cast : actor :: cabal : conspirator
cabal : crime :: coterie : interest
cackle [kkl] ,
cackle : laugh ::
cacophony [kkfni / -kf-] n. : DISSONANCE
: harsh or discordant sound
* cacophonous adj.
cacophony : sound :: malodor : scent :: glare : light
glare ; ,
cacophony : voice :: gaucherie : skill
gaucherie , , , an awkward or
tactless act, manner, or expression
cacophony : melody :: genteel : churl
genteel , ,
churl ;
malodorous : smell :: cacophony, jarring : sound
jar , ; ,
fetid : smell :: cacophonous : sound
fetid , having an offensive odor
cacophony euphony, harmony
cacophonous dulcet, euphonious
dulcet ,
cadet [kdt] n. , ;
1. a student at a military school who is training to be an
officer
2. a. a younger son or brother
b. a youngest son
cadet : veteran :: tadpole : frog
cadge [kd] v. : BEG, SPONGE
: to beg or obtain by begging
: to ask someone for food or cigarettes because you do not
have any or do not want to pay ()
cadge earn ( )
cagey [kidi] adj. , ,
* caginess n.
caginess incautiousness
[kisn, -san / -sn]
;
chevron : badge :: caisson : cart
caisson
n.( ) ; ;
cache [k] n.
: a place for concealment and safekeeping, as of valuables
cache : hidden, hoard :: (summit : inaccessible summit
accessible )
summit , , ; ,
calamitous [klmits] a. , ,
: being, causing, or accompanied by calamity; disastrous
calamitous felicific
felicific , ,
(cf>felicitous (, ) , ()
felicity , , )
cachet
calcify
[ki]
n. , ;
34
[klsfi]
vi.
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imputations about
calumny approbation, eulogy, flattering, praise
approbation , ; ,
corroborate : evidence :: calumniate : falsehood
corroborate ( )
calumny : assertion :: perjury : testimony
calumny , ,
perjury
calumny : representation :: perjury : testimony
calumniate vindicate
vindicate / ; ,
calumnious flattering
[kls] a. () , ; , ,
, v. , n. =callus ()
adj.
1. having calluses; toughened
2. emotionally hardened; unfeeling
callous : impassivity :: dupe : duplicity (EQUAL)
():():::() (v:n)
impassive , ; ,
dupe; v. , ... n.
callous : moved ::
callous sympathetic, compassionate
sympathetic
compassionate , (sympathetic) feeling or
showing compassion; sympathetic
callow [klou] a. : IMMATURE, GREENHORN
: lacking adult sophistication
frank : secretiveness :: callow : maturity (OPPOSITE)
callow : mature :: greenhorn : experienced :: capricious : deliberate
expertise : green (OPPOSITE)
expertise , /
experience : green :: pelf : impecunious
pelf () wealth or riches, especially when dishonestly
acquired
impecunious , lacking money; penniless
apoplectic : calm :: callow : mature
apoplectic , ;
callow behaving with sophistication, mature
cameo [kmiu] n. , ; (
) a. ,
1. a small piece of sculpture on a stone or shell
2. a brief but dramatic appearance of a prominent actor, as in
a single scene of a motion picture
cameo : sculpture :: peccadillo : offense :: knoll : hill (A B)
(truck : vehicle, sedan : automobile !!)
blurb : notice :: cameo : appearance (A = B)
blurb ( , ) a brief publicity notice, as
on a book jacket
cameo leading role
camouflage [kmfl] n. , ;
1. the method or result of concealing personnel or equipment
from an enemy by making them appear to be pat of the
natural surroundings
2. concealment by disguise or protective coloring
3. fabric or a garment dyed in splotches of green, brown, tan,
and black so as to make the wearer indistinguishable from
the surrounding environment
camouflage : location :: code : meaning (A B )
camouflage : location :: mask : face
camouflage : deception :: flattery : ingratiating
camouflage : detection :: disguise : identification
camouflage : detection :: malinger : duty
malinger to feign illness or other incapacity in order to
avoid duty or work
mimicry : camouflage :: variation : mutation
ballast : stabilization :: camouflage : indetection (PURPOSE)
camouflage exposure
canard [knrd] n. ,
: an unfounded or false, deliberately misleading story
aspersion : discredit :: canard : deceive ()
callus [kls] n. ,
gully : erosion :: callus : friction (B make A)
gully
candid [kndid] a. ,
candid : ingenuousness ::
calorie [klri] n.
power : watt :: heat : calorie :: sound : decibel :: electricity : volt
heat : calorie :: liquid : gallons :: distance : odometer
odometer
calumny [klmni] n. ,
1. a false statement maliciously made to injure another's
reputation
2. the utterance of maliciously false statements; slander
* calumnious adj.
* calumniate [klmniit] v. ,
: to utter maliciously false statements, charges, or
n.
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cane [kein] n.
cane : walk :: glasses : see ( : )
canon [knn] n. ,
: an accepted principle or rule; the authentic works of a
writer
* canonical adj.
religion : devoutness :: canon : orthodoxy
orthodoxy ; ,
canonical : conforming :: qualified : limited
qualified , ; ,
canon apocrypha
apocrypha [pkrf] ;
canonical nontraditional, heterodox
canonize debase, vilify, forbid, condemn, disrespect
canopy [knpi] n. , ,
canopy : cover :: tag : identify (A = B)
cantankerous [kntkrs, kn-] a. ,
1. ill-tempered and quarrelsome; disagreeable
2. difficult to handle
canvas [knvs] n. , ; ,
canvas : painter :: marble : sculptor
easel : canvas :: tripod : camera
carefree
caretaker [krtikr] n. ,
1. one that is employed to look after or take charge of goods,
property, or a person; a custodian
2. one that temporarily performs the duties of an office
custodian ;
janitor ,
canyon [knjn] n.
ditch : canyon :: burrow : cavern (A << B)
burrow (, ) ; ,
careworn [krwrn] a.
: showing the effect of grief or anxiety
careworn lighthearted, fresh, healthy
caret [krt] n.
a proofreading symbol(^) used to indicate where something
is to be inserted in a line of printed or written matter
caret : insertion :: comma : pause
capitulate [kptlit] v. , ,
1. to surrender under specified conditions
2. to give up all resistance; acquiesce
capitulate resist, oppose, stand firm, fight, defend, withhold
capitulation resistance
caprice [kprs] n.
1. an impulsive change of mind
2. an inclination to change one's mind impulsively
3. a sudden, unpredictable action, change, or series of
actions or changes
* capricious adj.
36
[kruz]
v. ,
libertine , ;
licentious [laisns] , ,
complain : carp :: drink : guzzle (A << B)
carp
carpentry [ka:rpntri] n. , ,
* carpenter n.
carpentry : craft :: (A B )
wood : carpenter :: brick : mason
trade : carpentry :: clothing : outfit (B A )
trade an occupation, especially one requiring skilled labor
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catalyze [ktliz] v.t. : BRING ABOUT, INSPIRE
enzyme : catalyst :: bacterium : microbe (A B)
enzyme biochemical catalyst
catalytic : initiate :: synthetic : create
supervisor : oversight :: catalyst : initiate (A = B /)
catalyze inhibit, retard, prevent
catalyst prevention, inhibitor
catastrophe [ktstrfi] n.
1. a great, often sudden calamity
2. a complete failure; a fiasco
3. the concluding action of a drama, especially a classical
tragedy, following the climax and containing a resolution
of the plot
4. a sudden violent change in the earth's surface; a cataclysm
catastrophe : mishap :: humiliation : embarrassment (A >> B)
mishap
oxymoron : contradictory :: mishap : catastrophic (CHARACTER)
oxymoron
categorical
[kst, kst] n. v. ()
: the set of actors in a dramatic production; to assign a
certain role to (an actor)
appoint : official :: cast : actor (cast )
cast : actor :: cabal : conspirator :: choir : singer :: corporation :
employee :: company : employee (cast )
cabal , ;
letter : signature :: playbill : cast :: playbill : actor :: recipe :
ingredient (A have B)
playbill , a poster announcing a theatrical
performance
castigate [kstgit] v.
1. to inflict severe punishment on
2. to criticize severely
castigation : disapproval :: crime : misbehavior :: blasphemy :
irreverence (A >> B)
blasphemy
irreverence
castigation : reproof :: denunciation : denial :: loathing : dislike ::
soaking : damp (A >> B)
reprove to voice or convey disapproval of
denounce ;
peccadillo : sin :: admonishment : castigation (A << B)
castigate extol, flatter, highly praise, commend, admire, accolade
castigation approbation, flatter, accolade, extol
v. ()
cavalier
37
[kvl] v.
: to find fault unnecessarily; raise trivial objections
cavil : criticize, object :: prate : talk :: saunter : walk (A B
, )
caviler : carping :: libertine : licentious
licentious [laisns] , ,
encomiast : eulogize :: quibbler : cavil
encomiast a person who delivers or writes an encomium; a
eulogist
quibble ; = cavil
nitpick : criticize :: cavil : object (trivial B = A)
nitpick to be concerned with or find fault with insignificant details
faultfinding : criticize :: nitpicker : criticize :: quibbler : cavil
[sid] v.
1. to surrender possession of, especially by treaty
2. to yield; grant
cede : possession ::
cede possess
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celerity [slrti] n.
celerity delay, languor, sluggishness
cell [sel] n. , ,
cell : membrane :: seed : hull (B = A )
cell : confined :: (CHARACTER)
cement [simnt] v.
: to unite or make firm by or as if by cement
cement fracture, sever
sever /; () ; (break up)
censor [snsr] v.t. n. ,
1. a person authorized to examine books, films, or other
material and to remove or suppress what is considered
morally, politically, or otherwise objectionable
2. an official, as in the armed forces, who examines personal
mail and official dispatches to remove information
considered secret or a risk to security
3. one that condemns or censures
censorship : communication :: preservative : decay (A prohibit B)
censorship : information :: sanitation : disease (A prevent B)
sanitation ,
vendor : purvey :: censor : expurgate
vendor, vender ,
purvey /
expurgate (, ) ; ( )
salesman : buy :: censor : expunge :: proselytizer : convert ::
grandstand : impress
expunge ,
censorious [sensris] a.
1. tending to censure; highly critical
2. expressing censure
censorious : critical :: (A >> B)
censorious : censor :: recalcitrant : resist
recalcitrant ,
censorious eulogistic
censure [snr] n. v. , ()
: to find fault with and criticize as blameworthy
n. 1. an expression of strong disapproval or harsh criticism
2. an official rebuke, as by a legislature of one of its member
lamentable : pity :: reprehensible : censure
lamentable , ,
reprehensible , , deserving rebuke
or censure; blameworthy
remonstrance : dissuade :: reprehension : censure :: syllogism :
disprove (B use A)
remonstrance ; , ,
remonstrate to say or plead in protest, objection or reproof
syllogism
censure : blameless :: approbation : reprehensible (OPPOSITE)
reprehensible ,
censure applaud, applause, exonerate, extol, commend, exonerate,
adulate
exonerate (, ) ,
census [snss] n.
: a usually complete enumeration of a population
census : population :: inventory : stock, merchandise
centrifuge [sntrfjd] n.
centrifuge : separate :: colander : drain
colander
ceramic [srmik] n.
shard : ceramic :: crumb : cake
shard
crumb ,
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chaperon : propriety ::
chaplain [tplin] n. , ();
a clergyman officially attached to a branch of the military, to
an institution. or to a family or court
chaplain : religious ::
charade
[rid / -rd] n. ; (
) ,
1. a game in which words or phrases are represented in
pantomime
2. a readily perceived pretense
charade : word :: mime : story
charade : dissimulate :: void : empty
dissimulate ( ) ,
empty v. ,
certitude [srttjd] n.
: the state of being or feeling certain
certitude obscurity
cessation [sesin] n. , : STOP
: a bringing or coming to an end; a ceasing
cessation commencement, start(), continuation()
commencement , ;
chaff [tf / tf] n.
winnow : chaff :: filter : impurities
winnow , ; ,
chaff : wheat :: shell : pecan :: shell : peanut :: peel : banana
pecan ( )
dross : metal :: chaff : grain
chagrin [grn / grin] n. ,
: disquietude or distress of mind caused by humiliation.
disappointment, or failure
chagrin : mind :: grimace : face
grimace [grms] ,
chagrin elation, cheerfulness, contentment, proud satisfaction,
delight
elation ,
elate , to make proud or joyful
challenge , ; ,
challenge buttress
chamber [timbr] n. /
: a natural or artificial enclosed space or cavity
chameleon [kmlin, -ljn] n.
salmon : ichthyologist :: chameleon : herpetologist
ichthyology [kildi]
herpetology
champion
channel [tnl] v. ; ()
: to direct or guide along some desired course
channel evade, disperse
chaotic [keitik / -t-] a.
chaos : predictability :: pallor : color (LACK)
chaotic strictly structured, strictly featured
chaperon [proun] n.
1. a person, especially an older or married woman, who
accompanies a young unmarried woman in public.
2. an older person who attends and supervises a social
gathering for young people.
3. A guide or companion whose purpose is to ensure
propriety or restrict activity
charismatic
a.
charisma :
1. a rare personal quality attributed to leaders who arouse
fervent popular devotion and enthusiasm
2. personal magnetism or charm: a television news program
famed for the charisma of its anchors
charismatic : appeal :: presumptuous : panache
charismatic lackluster (awkward, pliant, complacent, melancholic
)
charismatic repugnant
charitable [tritbl] adj. ,
1. generous in giving money or other help to the needy
2. mild or tolerant in judging others; lenient
3. of, for, or concerned with charity
charitable : malign :: (OPPOSITE)
rancor good will, concord, charitableness
charitable malign, harsh, heartless
charlatan [rltn] n. , : FRAUD, FAKER
: a person who makes elaborate, fraudulent, and often
voluble claims to skill or knowledge; a quack or fraud
charlatan : deceive :: mentor : guide, advise :: juggernaut : crush
chary [tri] a. , ,
1. very cautious; wary
2. not giving or expending freely; sparing
chary : caution :: imperturbable : composure (A have B)
chary bold, rash
chasm [kzm] n. , : GORGE
: a deep cleft in the surface of a planet (as the earth)
cleft : chasm :: cut : gash (A << B)
cleft ;
gash / (slash) a long, deep cut; a deep flesh wound
chaste [teist] adj.
chaste wanton
wanton , , , ,
chaste corrupt, defiled
defile ~ , , ~ , (, )
,
chasten [tisn] v.
: to correct by punishment or reproof; take to task.
chasten : humbled :: vex : irritate (A B )
chasten reward
chateau [tu] n. () ,
1. a. A French castle. b. A French manor house.
2. A large country house.
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humor ,
mollycoddle to be overprotective and indulgent toward
chide praise
chimera [kaim(:)r] n. ,
melodrama : subtlety :: chimera : authenticity (LACK)
chimera real possibility
chip [tip] n.
chip : stone :: shard : glass
choke
[touk] v.t. , ; ( )
.
1. to interfere with the respiration of by compression or
obstruction of the larynx() or trachea(, )
2. a. to check or slow down the movement, growth, or action
of
b. to block up or obstruct by filling or clogging
c. to fill up completely; jam
smother : choke ::
smother , ; ,
* smother
1. a. to suffocate (another) b. to deprive (a fire) of the oxygen
necessary for combustion
2. to conceal, suppress, or hide
3. to cover (a foodstuff) thickly with another foodstuff
4. to lavish a surfeit of a given emotion on (someone)
* suffocate
1. to kill or destroy by preventing access of air or oxygen
2. to impair the respiration of
3. to cause discomfort to by or as if by cutting off the supply of fresh
air
4. to suppress the development, imagination, or creativity of; stifle
* stifle
1. to interrupt or cut off (the voice, for example)
2. to keep in or hold back; repress
3. to kill by preventing respiration; smother or suffocate
chef [ef] n.
author : novel :: chef : banquet :: writer : novel
chef : kitchen :: scientist : laboratory :: chemist : laboratory
cherish [tri] v. , ; ( )
1. to treat with affection and tenderness; hold dear
2. to keep fondly in mind; entertain
cherubic [trbik] a. ,
cherubic somber
somber [smbr] , ; ;
chevron [vrn] n. ()
chevron : badge :: caisson : cart
caisson [kisan] ( ) ; ; ;
chiaroscuro [kirskjrou] n.
1. the technique of using light and shade in pictorial
representation
2. the arrangement of light and dark elements in a pictorial
work of art
chiaroscuro : contrast :: tapestry : intricacy :: filigree : delicacy
tapestry
intricacy ()
filigree / ; /
chic
[i()k] a.
1. conforming to the current fashion; stylish
2. adopting or setting current fashions and styles;
sophisticated
chicanery
[ikinri] n. , , ; :
TRICKERY
1. deception by trickery or sophistry
2. a trick; a subterfuge
gullible : chicanery :: servile : domination
chicanery : clever :: tactlessness : truthful ( : ,
, :: : , ) ( 14-6) chicanery
clever clever , tactlessness truthful
truthful )
chicanery guilelessness, honest dealing, scrupulous practice,
aboveboard action, forthrightness, lack of suberfuge, absence of guile,
absence of trick, probity, lack of trickiness
probity , ,
scrupulous , ; ;
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cinch difficulty
cinch free, loosen, unbind
cinch be uncertain, be unsure
chortle [trtl] n. v.
chortle : amusement :: sneer : contempt
cinder
chorus n.
troupe : perform :: chorus : sing (A = B )
troupe [tru:p] ( ) ,
chromatic [kroumtik] a. ; ()
1. a. relating to colors or color
b. relating to color perceived to have a saturation greater
than zero
2. (music)
a. of, relating to, or based on the chromatic scale
b. relating to chords or harmonies based on nonharmonic
tones
chromatic colorless
cipher [sifr] n.
cipher : cryptic :: precis : concise
precis , a concise summary of a book, an article, or another
text; an abstract
cipher : crack ::
[sndr]
n. , , (slag)
[-st]
n.
circuitous [srkjits] a. ,
: not being forthright or direct in language or action
* circuity n.
immaterial : relevance :: circuitous : directness (OPPOSITE)
immaterial , ; ,
circuitous : directness :: irresolute : decision
circuitous : straightforward :: varicolored : monochromatic (OPPOSITE)
circuity forthrightness, straightforwardness, directness
circuitous direct
circular
chronicle
[krnikl / krn-]
[s :rkjul:r] adj. , ; ,
circuitous; roundabout
circular : asymmetrical :: protean : rigid (OPPOSITE)
n. ,
a.
chuckle [tkl] v. , ;
1. to laugh quietly or to oneself
2. to cluck or chuck, as a hen
chuckle : laughing :: whisper : speaking
chunk [tk] n.
1. a thick mass of piece
2. (informal) a substantial amount
chunk flake
flake , ,
churl [t:rl] n. , ;
1. a rude, boorish person
2. a miserly person
churl : affront :: instigator : foment
affront , ; (confront),
churlish [t()rli] a. , , : SURLY
: marked by a lack of civility or graciousness
1. of, like, or befitting a churl; boorish or vulgar
2. having a bad disposition
3. difficult to work with, such as soil; intractable
annoying : gadfly :: rude : churl (B = A )
uncouth : churl :: conspiratorial : conniver
uncouth [nk:] , , ; ,
connive [kniv] , ; ,
circumference [srkmfrns] n.
border : country :: circumference : circle
circumference : circle :: perimeter : rectangle
circumlocution [srkmloukjn] n. ,
1. the use of unnecessarily wordy and indirect language
2. evasion in speech or writing
3. a roundabout expression
circumlocutory straightforward, succinctly expressed
circumlocution pithy uttering, aphoristic uttering, straightforward
utter, direct encounter, succinctness
circumscribe [srkmskrib, ---] v. ; ;
()
1. to draw a line around; encircle
2. to limit narrowly; restrict
3. to determine the limits of; define
4. a. to enclose (a polygon or polyhedron) within a
configuration of lines, curves, of surfaces so that every
vertex of the enclosed object is incident on the enclosing
configuration
b. to erect (such a configuration) around a polygon or
polyhedron()
circumscribed unlimited, ecumenical
ecumenical , of worldwide scope or applicability;
universal
circumspect [srkmspkt] a. : PRUDENT
: careful to consider all circumstances and possible
consequences
rash : circumspective :: imperious : servile (OPPOSITE)
circumspect : prudence :: urbane : polish (EQUAL, : )
circumspect : tactful ::
circumspection temerity
temerity , = recklessness
circumspect audacious, rash, reckless, indiscreet, imprudent,
foolhardy
circumvent
41
[srkmvnt]
v.t.
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misunderstood : clarify :: erroneous : retract (10 section2 10)
ramshackle : soundness :: garbled : clarity
ramshackle ;
garble ; ,
obfuscate, opaque, roil, equivocate, muddy clarify, appease
roil ; ,
clairvoyant
clamorous
[klmrs]
STRIDENT
clamorous silent
adj. : VOCIFEROUS,
[kli] v.
1. to hold fast or adhere to something, as by grasping,
sticking, embracing, or entwining
2. to remain close; resist separation
3. to remain emotionally attached; hold on
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coarse : surface ::
dislocate : place :: coarsen : texture (A=B )
fastidious coarse
fastidious ,
[klt / klt] n. v. ,
: a coagulated mass produced by clotting of blood
clot : dissolved :: crowd : dispersed (clot not dissolved
, crowd not dispersed ) (pp2. chain :
disengaged chain engage )
freeze : water :: clot : blood
solvent : dissolve :: coagulant : clot
cloture [klutr] n.
: the closing or limitation of debate in a legislative body
especially by calling for a vote
voting : roll call :: termination : cloture (A B ;
. roll call(
) , cloture )
roll call ,
cloudburst [klaudbrst] n.
: a sudden, heavy rainstorm; a downpour
gust : wind :: cloudburst : rainfall :: yank : pull (A >> B)
clout [klaut] n. : PULL, INFLUENCE
1. a blow, especially with the fist
2. (informal) a. influence; pull b. power; muscle
clout impuissance, impotence
impuissance lack of power or effectiveness; weakness
cloying [kli] a. ,
cloy [kli] : to cause distaste or disgust by supplying with
too much of something originally pleasant, especially
something rich or sweet; surfeit
garrulous, loquacious : talkative :: cloying : sweet (A >> B)
garrulous given to excessive and often trivial or rambling
talk; tiresomely talkative
clumsy [klmzi] a. ,
1. lacking physical coordination, skill, or grace; awkward
2. awkwardly constructed; unwieldy
3. gauche; inept
clumsy comely, seemly, adept
comely , ;
seemly , ; ,
coagulant [kougjlnt] n.
coagulant : thicken :: solvent : dissolve
astringent : pucker :: coagulant : congeal
coagulant liquefier, dissolvent
coagulate [kougjul`eit] v.
: to cause transformation of (a liquid or sol, for example)
into or as if into a soft, semisolid, or solid mass
coagulate dissolve, liquefy, thin
coalesce [kuls] v. : FUSE
1. to grow together; fuse
2. to come together so as to form one whole; unite
coalesce disaggregate, sunder, polarize, break apart, bifurcate,
grow apart, separate
sunder , to break or wrench apart; sever
asunder ; ,
sever [svr] , ; ,
polarize ; ;
coarse [krs] a. , , ; ,
: rough, especially to the touch; adjusted or designed for
heavy, fast, or less delicate work
coax
coda
[kud] n.
: a concluding passage of a movement or composition
dessert : meal :: epilogue : play :: coda : sonata
coda overture, prelude
coddle [kdl/kdl] v. , ;
1. to cook in water just below the boiling point coddle eggs
2. to treat indulgently; baby
coddle scorn, deplore, treat harshly
deplore /; ,
coerce [kours] v.
1. to force to act or think in a certain way by use of pressure,
threats, or intimidation; compel
2. to dominate, restrain, or control forcibly
3. to bring about by force or threat
wheedle : cajolery :: extort : coercion
wheedle to persuade or attempt to persuade by flattery or
guile; cajole
cajole to urge with gentle and repeated appeals,
teasing, or flattery; wheedle
extort , to obtain from another by coercion or
intimidation
coercive voluntary
coeval [kouvl] a.
: of the same or equal age, antiquity, or duration
congruent : dimension :: coeval : age
congruent , , ;
cogent [kudnt] a. : CONVINCING
: appealing to the intellect or powers of reasoning
* cogency n.
cogent : convince :: repugnant : repel
cogent : validity :: germane : pertinence (A B )
validity , ,
cogent unconvincing, unsound
cogency unconvincingness
cogitate [kdtit / kd-] v. ,
: to take careful thought or think carefully about; ponder
philosopher : cogitate :: iconoclast : attack
iconoclast ;
cognizant [kgnznt / kg-] a. ,
: knowledgeable of something especially through personal
experience
incognizance : knowledgeable :: penury : wealthy (OPPOSITE)
cognizant oblivious, unaware
oblivious , lacking all memory; forgetful
coherent [kouh(:)rnt] adj. ,
* incoherent [nkouh(:)rnt] a. ,
43
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immerse , ;
collapse : volume :: attenuate : thickness
reinforcement : collapse :: (A B )
colloquial [klukwil] v. ,
: characteristic of or appropriate to the spoken language or
to writing that seeks the effect of speech; informal.
colloquial polished
collude [kld] v. : CONSPIRE, PLOT
: to act together secretly to achieve a fraudulent, illegal, or
deceitful purpose
collude, connive : cooperate :: smuggle : convey :: stalk, shadow :
follow :: eavesdrop : listen :: pry : watch :: steal : take :: lurk : wait
(DEFECTIVE)
stalk ,
pry ,
collusion : conspirators :: cooperation : partners
collude act independently
colonnade [klnid / kl-] n.
: a series of columns set at regular intervals and usually
supporting the base of a roof structure
colonnade : pillar :: queue : person
colossal [klsl] adj. ,
: of a size, extent, or degree that elicits awe or taxes belief;
immense
antediluvian : age :: colossal : size
antediluvian ; ; ;
colossus : figurine :: boulder : pebble (A >> B)
colossus
boulder
colt [koult] n. ; ,
1. a young male horse
2. a youthful or inexperienced person; a novice
coltish [kulti] a. ;
1. relating to or suggestive of a colt
2. lively and playful; frisky
coltish : discipline :: loutish : grace (A lack B)
loutish ; ,
lout [laut] a person regarded as awkward and stupid; an oaf
coma [kum] n.
coma : unconsciousness :: delirium : confusion
combustible [kmbstbl] a. ,
1. capable of igniting and burning
2. easily aroused or excited
* incombustible
impervious : friable :: nonflammable : combustible (OPPOSITE)
impervious ( ) , ;
commencement [kmnsmnt] n. ,
1. a beginning; a start
2. a. a ceremony at which academic degrees or diplomas are
conferred
b. the day on which such a ceremony occurs
commencement cessation
cease inaugurate, commence
inaugurate ( ) , ; ,
commencement matriculation
matriculation () ;
commend [kmnd] v.t. : PRAISE
1. to represent as worthy, qualified, or desirable; recommend
2. to express approval of; praise
3. to commit to the care of another; entrust
execrable commendable, laudable
execrable , ;
execrate , ;
commend berate, deplore
commensurate [kmnrit] a. ,
: of the same size, extent, or duration as another
1. of the same size, extent, or duration as another
2. corresponding in size or degree; proportionate
3. measurable by a common standard; commensurable
commensurate preponderant
preponderant , , having superior weight,
force, importance, or influence
tantamount incommensurate
tantamount , equivalent in effect or value
parity uncommensurateness
commentary [kmntri / kmntri] n. , ;
annotate : commentary :: gloss : definition
annotate ,
gloss , ~
commercial [kmrl] n.
: an advertisement on television or radio
advertising : commercial :: publishing : journal
commingle [kmgl] v. ,
: to become blended
commingle separate
commitment [kmtmnt] n. , ; ; , ; ,
1. the act or an instance of committing, especially:
a. the act of referring a legislative bill to committee
b. official consignment, or to a person or mental health
facility
c. a court order authorizing consignment to a prison
2. a. a pledge to do
b. something pledged, especially an engagement by contract
involving financial obligation
3. the state of being bound emotionally or intellectually to a
course of action or to another person or persons
44
[kmtid]
a. , ; (,
)
profligate : solvent :: mercurial : committed
(profligate solvency() , mercurial
commitment(, ) 3 16)
profligate , ;
solvent ; , ; ,
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price variations
complacent [kmplisnt] a. ,
: self-satisfied and unconcerned
complacency anxiety
complaisant [kmplisnt, -znt|kmpliznt] adj.
, , , ,
* complaisance [kmplisns, -zns, kmplzns] n.
, : AFFABILITY : the inclination to comply
willingly with the wishes of others; amiability
complaisance : intractable :: adeptness : maladroit
intractable ,
adept , very skilled
complaisance churlishness, obstinacy
churlish , ;
obstinacy ,
complaisant obdurate, intransigent
complement [kmplmnt|km-] n. , () v.t.~
,
. 1. something that completes, makes up a whole, or brings
to perfection
2. the quantity or number needed to make up a whole
3. either of two parts that complete the whole or mutually
complete each other
complement : complete :: illuminate : clear
compliant [kmplint] a. : SUBMISSIVE
: disposed or willing to comply; submissive, obedient
compliant : servile :: trusting : gullible (A << B)
obsequious : fawn :: compliant : yield (EQUAL, : )
obsequious , full of or exhibiting servile compliance;
fawning
compliment [kmplmnt / km-] v.t. ,
n. 1. an expression of praise, admiration, or congratulation
2. a formal act of civility, courtesy, or respect
3. compliments good wishes; regards
apologize : contrite :: compliment : impressed
contrite ;
compliment : flattery :: deference : subservience (DEFECTIVE)
subservient ,
courageous : bravado :: complimentary : fulsomeness (A << B)
bravado , ;
fulsome ( ) offensively flattering or insincere
complimentary vituperative
vituperative , , using, containing, or
marked by harshly abusive censure
comply [kmpli] vi.
: to act in accordance with another's command, request, rule,
or wish
mandatory : comply :: forbidden : abstain (EQUAL, : )
mandatory ; ,
comport [kmprt] n. ,
: to conduct or behave (oneself) in a particular manner
: to agree, correspond, or harmonize:
composed [kmpuzd] a. : CALM, SELF-POSSESSED
: free from agitation; serenely self-possessed
composed distraught, frenetic
distraught , ; ,
frenetic ; wildly excited or active; frantic;
frenzied
compose discombobulate
discombobulate ( ) ,
45
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concession , , ,
concede refuse to grant
concession aggression, denial
composure restless
compound [kmpaund] n. ,
a combination of two or more elements or parts
soldier : army :: element : compound
compound separate, elemental
compress [kmprs] v.t.
constrict : diameter :: compress : size
compression increase in volume, distention
distention ,
distend to swell out or expand from or as if from internal pressure
compromise [kmprmiz / km-] n. v. ,
(, , ) (),
1. to settle by concessions
2. to expose or make liable to danger, suspicion, or
disrepute
mediation : compromise :: prosecution : conviction
prosecution , ; ,
conviction ; ,
implacable : compromise :: honest : swindle (if A then not B)
implacable ( ) , ,
swindle ,
intransigent : compromise :: deferential : offend (A B )
intransigent open to compromise
intransigent ,
polemical compromising
polemical
temporize unwilling to compromise
temporize ; , ;
compromise protect from discredit
[knsliit] v. , , (, ) , ~
, , ,
1. to overcome the distrust or animosity of; appease
2. to regain or try to regain (friendship or goodwill) by
pleasant behavior
3. to make or attempt to make compatible; reconcile
* reconciliation n. , , , ,
* conciliatory adj.
sop : conciliatory :: subsidy : supportive
sop ; ,
subsidy ,
reconciliation : harmony ::
conciliate vex, nettle, discontent, rile
nettle to irritate; vex
discontent ,
rile to stir to anger
conciliation vexation
conciliatory vexing
conciliatory contentious, belligerent
contentious ,
belligerent , ; ,
conciliate aggrieve, aggravate
aggrieve , ,
conciliate alienate
: compunctious
impartial : prejudice :: unshameness : compunction
compunction absence(lack) of misgiving, unrepentant
misgiving , , , a feeling of doubt, distrust, or
apprehension
concatenate [knktneit|k n-] v. () a.
,
v. to connect or link in a series or chain
a. connected or linked in a series
concatenate separate (v, a )
concave [knkiv|k n-] adj.
: curved like the inner surface of a sphere
scoop : concave :: spatula : flat (CHARACTER)
spatula ( ),
conceal [knsi:l] v. ; , ()
concise [knsis] a.
: expressing much in few words; clear and succinct
synopsis : conciseness :: distillate : purity
distillate ; ,
conciseness : aphorism :: exaggeration : caricature
conclude [knkl:d] v. , ; ( )
1. to bring to an end; close
2. to bring about (a final agreement or settlement)
3. to reach a decision or form an opinion about
4. to arrive at (a logical conclusion or end) by the process of
reasoning; infer on the basis of convincing evidence
conclude embark on
concomitant [knkmtnt] a. , ,
: occurring or existing concurrently; attendant
preponderant concomitant
preponderant , , having superior weight,
force, importance, or influence
concord [kkrd] n. , , : HARMONY
1. harmony or agreement of interests or feelings; accord
2. a treaty establishing peaceful relations
46
* condescend v.
1. to descend to the level of one considered inferior; lower
2. to deal with people in a patronizingly superior manner
condescending : patronize :: obsequious : fawn (EQUAL, : )
obsequious , full of or exhibiting servile
compliance; fawning
fawn ,
patronize : condescension :: deride : mockery (EQUAL, : )
deride , ,
patronizing : condescending :: peeved : annoyed (EQUAL)
condign
[kndin] a. , : DESERVED,
APPROPRIATE, ADEQUATE
condign undeserved, unmerited
unmerited (undeserved), ; ,
condolence [kndulns] n. ,
: sympathy with a person who has experienced pain, grief,
or misfortune
condolence : sympathy, compassion :: gibe : derision
compassion ,
gibe , n. a derisive remark
condone [kndun] v.t. ,
: to overlook, forgive, or disregard (an offense) without
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protest or censure
condone denounce, exact
exact , ; ,
conducive [kndjsiv] a. , ~
: tending to cause or bring about; contributive
conducive : motivate :: tonic : invigorate
conducive : foment :: tonic : invigorate
foment , to promote the growth of; incite
tonic a. producing or stimulating physical, mental, or emotional vigor
conductor [kndktr] n.
conductor : instrumentalist :: director : actor
confederacy
[knfdrsi]
n. , , : ALLIANCE
confess [knfs] v.
1. to disclose (something damaging or inconvenient to
oneself); admit
2. to acknowledge belief or faith in; profess
3. a. to make known (one's sins) to God or to a priest b. to
hear the confession of (a penitent)
confession : culpability :: testimonial : appreciation(A is a sign of B,
A=expression of B) ** testimonial .. appreciation
.. confession (M. Webster)
a disclosure of one's sins,
. culpable GUILTY, CRIMINAL
. confession culpablity
. culpable culpa - crime, fault, blame -
. inculpate exculpate
.(sung 2006/12/10)
recantation : error :: confession : crime
recant , to make a formal retraction or disavowal of
confidant [knfidnt, -dnt, knfidnt / knfidnt]
n. ,
1. one to whom secrets or private matters are disclosed
2. a character in a drama or fiction, such as a trusted friend
or servant, who serves as a device for revealing the inner
thoughts or intentions of a main character
confident [knfidnt / kn-] a.
confident : timid :: open : shy (OPPOSITE)
confidence : arrogant :: inquiry : interrogatory (A << B)
interrogatory [ntrgt:ri] asking a question; of the nature of a
question; interrogative
interrogative ; ;
confident : arrogant :: wary : paranoid :: frugal : miserly (A << B, B
)
confine [knfin] v.t.
1. to keep within bound; restrict
2. to shut or keep in, especially to imprison
3. to restrict in movement
loose : confinement :: disabuse : misconception
disabuse ( ) , ( )
conflate [knflit] v.
: to combine (as two readings of a text) into a composite
whole
conflate disseminate
disseminate , ; ,
confluence [knfluns / kn-] n. ,
1. a. a flowing together of two or more streams
b. the point of juncture of such streams
c. the combined stream formed by this juncture
2. a gathering, flowing, or meeting together at one juncture
or point
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incongruent : conform :: recalcitrant : obey
congruent disagreeable, antithetical, polemical
congruity variance
congruence disagreement
confound
[kndnjl] a. , , :
SOCIABLE, GENIAL
1. having the same tastes, habits, or temperament;
sympathetic
2. of a pleasant disposition; friendly and sociable
3. sited to one's needs or nature; agreeable
congenial : bonhomie ::
dour, grouchy, surly genial, congenial
dour marked by sternness or harshness; forbidding
congenial unrelated, not innate
48
[knsnss]
n. , : UNANIMITY
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n. /
conserve [knsrv] v.
: to avoid wasteful or destructive use of
conserve waste, squander, exhaust
squander ; , to spend wastefully or
extravagantly; dissipate
considerable [knsdrbl] a. , : SIGNIFICANT
1. large in amount, extent, or degree
2. worthy of consideration; significant
* inconsiderable , ,
* consider v.
restive : calm :: piddling : considerable (OPPOSITE)
restive , ; ,
piddling , so trifling or trivial as to be beneath one's
consideration
consider table
table ; , ; ( ) /
consignment [knsinmnt] n. ,
*consign v. , ; ; ,
1. to give over to the care of another; entrust
2. to turn over permanently to another's charge or to a
lasting condition; commit irrevocably
3. to deliver (merchandise, for example) for custody or sale
4. to set apart, as for a special use or purpose; assign
consignment : invoice ::
invoice , ; ( )
itemize; to set down item by item; list
consistent [knsstnt] a. , , ,
49
[knst:rnin]
n. ,
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[kntmpt]
n. : DISDAIN
[kntndnt] a. , ;
; ,
1. liable to occur but not with certainty; possible
2. dependent on conditions or occurrences not yet
established; conditional
3. happening by chance or accident
contingent on:dependent on STH that may or may not happen
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contumacious obedient
conundrum [knndrm] n. ,
1. a riddle in which a fanciful question is answered by a pun
2. a paradoxical, insoluble, or difficult problem; a dilemma
conundrum : solve :: tangle : unravel :: dilemma : ??? (A = B
)
unravel , ;
conundrum : perplexing :: polemic : contentious ()
(countermand : invalid )
countermand
,
convalesce [knvls / kn-] vi.
: to return to health and strength after illness; recuperate
recuperate ,
recidivism : relapse :: rehabilitation : convalesce
recidivism /
relapse , ,
rehabilitation ; , ; ,
convene [knv:n]
v. ( )
to come together usually for an official or public purpose;
assemble formally
convene adjourn
convenience [knvnjns] n.
1. the quality of being suitable to one's comfort, purposes, or
needs
2. personal comfort or advantage
3. something that increases comfort or saves work
opportune : convenience :: impermanent : transience (EQUAL)
opportune , , suited or right for a
particular purpose
opportune inconvenient
convention [knvnn] n. ,
overdose : prescription :: indiscretion : convention
discreet / , ,
eccentric : conventional :: doyen : uninitiated
doyen [din] a man who is the oldest or senior member of a
group
uninitiated , not knowledgeable or skilled;
inexperienced
offbeat conventional
ossify transcend conventions
ossify to become set in a rigidly conventional pattern
transcend , ,
convergent [knvrdnt] a. : CONVERGING
: tending to move toward one point or to approach each
other
converge spread out, ramify
ramify , to have complicating
consequences or outgrowths
convergent moving apart
discrepancy convergence
discrepancy , divergence or disagreement, as between
facts or claims; difference
conversant [knvrsnt, knvr- / knvr-]
: familiar, as by study or experience
* conversance
conversant unfamiliar, ignorant
conversance lack of familiarity
a.
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corral : horses :: coop : chickens
corral (, )
cooperate [koupr?t|-p-] v. ()
cooperate : connive :: take : steal
cooperative : conspire ::
copious [kupis] a.
1. yielding or containing plenty; affording ample supply
2. large in quantity; abundant
3. abounding in matter, thoughts, or words; wordy
wordy , ; ,
copious : abundant ::
copious sparse, dearth, meager, scanty
coquette [koukt] n. (flirt)
supplicant : beseeching :: coquette : flirtatious
beseech , to address an earnest or urgent request
to; implore
[krd] n. , ; ; [1 =
128 ]
ream : paper :: cord : wood :: acre : land :: volt : electricity :: quart :
liquid
ream ()
[ , 500]
cord
cordon [krdn] n. , ;
1. a line of people, military posts, or sips stationed around an
area to enclose or guard it
2. a cord or braid worn as a fastening or an ornament
3. a ribbon usually worn diagonally across the brest as a
badge of honor or a decoration
levee : river :: cordon : crowd
levee ,
[krnjukupi] n. , ; ( )
: ABUNDANCE
cornucopia : abundance :: mace : authority (A = B )
mace ( ) ( )
cornucopia dearth, lack, pittance, modicum, paucity
pittance /;
cornucopia
convoke [knvuk] v.
: to cause to assemble in a meeting; convene
convoke adjourn
convoluted
[knvltid / kn-] a. , :
INVOLVED, INTRICATE
1. having numerous overlapping coils or folds
2. intricate; complicated
convoluted : complexity :: ephemeral : transience :: transient :
evanescence (EQUAL, :)
ephemeral , lasting for a markedly brief time
evanescent , ; , vanishing or
likely to vanish like vapor
convoluted : simplicity :: threadbare, timeworn : novelty (A B
, )
threadbare , ;
timeworn , ; ,
convoluted straightforward
convulsion [knvln] n. , ; ,
1. an intense, paroxysmal, involuntary muscular
contraction
2. an uncontrolled fit, as of laughter; a paroxysm
3. violent turmoil
paroxysm , ; a sudden outburst of emotion or action
convulsion : contraction :: frenzy : emotion
frenzy , , a state of violent mental agitation or wild
excitement
coop
[ku()p] n.
: an enclosure or cage, as for poultry or small animals
corona [krun] n. , (, )
corona : sun :: atmosphere : planet
coronation [krnin, kr-] n.
: the act or ceremony of crowning a sovereign or the
sovereign's consort
coronation : reign :: wedding : marriage
reign , ; ,
corporeal [krpril] a. , : SUBSTANTIAL
1. of, relating to, or characteristic of the body
2. of material nature; tangible
corporeal intangible, disembodied, spiritual, immaterial
disembody
incorporeal incarnate
incarnate [ink:rnit] , ();
corpulent [k:rpjlnt|k:pju-] a. , (
) ; excessively fat
corpulent emaciated, thin, gaunt
corral [krl / krl] n.
1. an enclosure for confining livestock
2. an enclosure formed by a circle of wagons for defense
against attack during an encampment
corral : horses :: coop : chickens
correlative [krtiv|k -] adj. () related;
corresponding
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2. venal; dishonest
3. containing errors or alterations, as a text ,
perversion , , ; ,
pervert , ; /
venal , ; ,
corruption purity
cosmopolitan [kzmpltn / kzmpl-] a. ,
: having worldwide rather than limited or provincial scope
or bearing
bigot : tolerant :: provincial : cosmopolitan (OPPOSITE, : )
tolerant ,
bigoted : tolerance :: servile : domination
servile ; , , , abjectly
submissive; slavish
insularity cosmopolitanism
insular cosmopolitan
insular [nsjlr] ; , ; ,
cosset
[ksit / ks-] v. , :
PAMPER n.
: to treat as a pet
cosset : denounce ::
cosset slight
cosset bemean, ignore, denounce, mistreat
cosseted unspoiled ( 1)
coterie [kutri] n. / ,
: an intimate and often exclusive group of persons with a
unifying common interest or purpose
: a small, often select group of persons who associate with
one another frequently
coterie : group :: (A B)
coterie: intimate :: flock : bird, sheep (A B )
intimate n.
countenance [kuntnns] v. , , ,
n. , ; , : SANCTION
: to give or express approval to
n. 1. appearance, especially the expression of the face
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[kau] v. (, ) , (intimidate)
: to destroy the resolve or courage of
cow hearten, embolden
cowed undaunted
undaunted not discouraged or disheartened;
resolutely courageous
embolden abash, faze, cow
abash , to make ashamed or uneasy;
disconcert
faze , to disrupt the composure of;
disconcert
coward [kurd] n. , a. ,
: n. one who shows ignoble fear in the face of danger or
pain
cowardice .
coward : intimidate :: perplexed : obfuscate
obfuscate , ;
cowardice : intimidate :: choler : antagonize :
:: :
pluck cowardice
pluck , ;
cower [kur] vi. ( ) ,
: to cringe in fear
fear : cower :: anger : rant (A B )
rant , ; to utter with violence
or extravagance
cower bristle, brazenly confront, advance brashly
bristle ( ) ;
coy
a. , ; ,
RESERVED
1. tending to avoid people and social situations; reserved
2. affectedly and usually flirtatiously shy or modest
3. annoyingly unwilling to make a commitment
coy blatant, brash, brass, brazen, impudent
coy frank, unabashed, immodest
cozen
[ki]
[kzn]
v. ,
[krft / krft] n. , ; , ; ()
: DEXTERITY
1. skill in doing or making something, as in the arts;
proficiency
2. skill in evasion or deception; guile
3. a. an occupation or trade requiring manual dexterity or
skilled artistry
b. the membership of such an occupation or trade; guild
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credence [krdns] n. , ,
credence disbeliever, distrust, doubt, skepticism
credence dislodgement, misplacement
credulous [krduls] adj. ,
1. disposed to believe too readily; gullible
2. arising from or characterized by credulity
* incredulity n. , , ,
credulous : cozen :: tractable : control
cozen /
skeptic : credulous :: penitent : obdurate (OPPOSITE)
incredulous : persuade :: (A B )
credulity skepticism
incredulity faith (sincerity, gullibility )
crop
crouch [kraut] v. , n. ,
1. a. to stoop, especially with the knees bent
b. to pres the entire body close to the ground with the limbs
bent
2. to bend servilely or timidly; cringe
crouch : spring :: hover : plunge (OPPOSITE)
crouch stand upright
crouch erect
crouch erect posture, upright posture
creep [krip] v. ,
: to go very slowly; to go timidly or cautiously so as to
escape notice
creep moved swiftly ()
creep swift/quick movement ()
crescendo [krindou] n. ; v. ,
a. gradually increasing in volume, force, or intensity
crescendo : sound :: acceleration : tempo
crescendo decrease in volume
crest
[krest] n. [ ],( ), () ,
()
crest : wave :: summit, peak : mountain
euphoria
exultant , , marked by great joy or
jubilation; triumphant
jubilant exultingly joyful; expressing joy
crime [kraim]
crime : theft ::
crime : peccadillo :: quarrel : tiff (A>>B)
cringe [krind] v. ( ) ; ,
1. to shrink back, as in fear; cower
2. to behave in a servile way; fawn
criterion [krait(:)rin] n. , ,
: a standard, rule, or test on which a judgment or decision
can be based
pl. criteria
[kraitri] n.
: a standard on which a judgment or decision may be based
cronyism [krunizm] n.
: favoritism shown to old friends without regard for their
qualifications, as in political appointments to office
nepotism ,
nepotism : relative :: cronyism : friend
nepotism : favoritism :: embezzlement : fraud (A B)
embezzle to take (money, for example) for one's own use
in violation of a trust
fraud , ; , ; ,
croon
[krun]
crotchety [krtiti|krt-] a. , ;
capriciously stubborn or eccentric; perverse
crotchety genial, sweet, yielding, stable
[krmbl] v. ( ) , :
DISINTEGRATE, COLLAPSE
: to break into small fragments or particles
friable : crumble :: malleable : alter
malleable ( ) ; ,
friable : crumbled :: lucid : comprehended (A B)
friable not easily crumbled, resistance to be pulverized, difficult to
crumble
pulverize , (grind); (demolish)
crumple [krmpl] v. ( ) , ;
1. to crush together or press into wrinkles; rumple
2. to cause to fall apart
v. ,
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[krks] n. ( )
: an essential point requiring resolution or resolving an
outcome
1. The basic, central, or critical point or feature: the crux of
the matter; the crux of an argument
2. A puzzling or apparently insoluble problem ()
crux peripheral element, pettiness, unimportant element
petty , ; , ; ,
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cunning [kni] a. ,
1. marked by or given to artful subtlety and deceptiveness
2. executed with or exhibiting ingenuity
3. delicately pleasing; pretty or cute
cunning : gulled :: watchful : waylaid :: wary : duped
waylay ,
cunning artless, ingenuous
ingenuous ,
cupidity [kjupdti] n.
cupidity generosity
curative [kjrtiv] a.
1. serving or tending to cure
2. of or relating to the cure of disease
curator [kjuritr] n. ,
ranger : forest :: curator : museum
ranger ; ;
curators : paintings :: librarians : books
curator : art :: archivist : documents
[krb] n. v. ,
: to check or control with or as if with a curb
curb goad, spur, lack of restraint
goad ( ) ; (stimulus)
spur ; , ;
curb promote to proceed, unbridle
bridle , ; ,
curb
cuisine [kwizn] n. , ;
connoisseur : art :: gourmet : cuisine
connoisseur , ; ,
culpable [klpbl] a.
: deserving of blame or censure as being wrong, evil,
improper, or injurious
exemplary : imitation :: culpable : blame
culpable : condemnation ::
culpable : calumniation ::
calumniation; ,
confession : culpability :: testimonial : appreciation (A is a sign of B,
A=expression of B)
testimonial ,
culpable above reproach, innocent
cultivate
[kltvit] v. , , :
ENCOURAGE
1. To improve and prepare (land), as by plowing or
fertilizing, for raising crops; till. To grow or tend (a plant
or crop).
2. To promote the growth of (a biological culture).
3. To nurture; foster.
4. To form and refine, as by education.
5. To seek the acquaintance or goodwill of; make friends
with.
cultivate : crop :: foster, nurture : child
cultivate : garden :: explore : cave
cultivate cause to wither, decline, impede, neglect, stunt, inhibit
growth on
stunt ,
cultivated
[kltvitid] a. , : REFINED,
EDUCATED, POLISHED
cultivated feral
feral [frl] ,
cumbersome [kmbrsm] a. () ;
1. difficult to handle because of weight or bulk
2. troublesome onerous
onerous; troublesome or oppressive; burdensome
cumbersome easy to handle, handy, wieldy
wieldy , (manageable) easily wielded or
managed
curmudgeon [krmdn] n.
: an ill-tempered person full of resentment and stubborn
notions
curmudgeon agreeable person
current
current : dated :: (OPPOSITE)
curriculum [krikjulm] n.
curriculum : course :: menu : dish
curry
[kri, kri] n. v. () / () , (
)
curry favor , to seek or gain favor by
fawning or flattery
curse [k:rs]
1. a. an appeal or prayer for evil or misfortune to befall
someone or something
b. the evil or misfortune that comes in or as if in response to
such an appeal
2. one that is accursed
3. a source or cause of evil; a scourage
4. a profane word or phrase; a swearword
curse benediction
cursory [krsri] a. , : HASTY
: performed with haste and scant attention to detail
; a cursory glance at the headlines
cursory painstakingly thorough, pinpoint(a., ), slow
and thorough
fastidious easygoing, cursory, uncritical
fastidious ,
[krt] a. , : TERSE
1. rudely brief or abrupt, as in speech or manner
2. using few words; terse
3. having been shortened
curt : words :: parsimonious : resource, money
parsimonious () , excessively sparing or frugal
curt
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curt protracted
curtail [krtil] v.t.
: to cut short; abbreviate
curtail : period :: enervate : energy
curtail : duration :: abase : strength
curtail protract, prolong
custody [kstdi] n. , ; ,
1. the act or right of guarding, especially such a right
granted by a court
2. care, supervision, and control exerted by one in charge
3. the state of being detained or held under guard,
especially by the police
[dmp] n. a. v. , (, ), ()
: MOISTURE, HUMIDITY, DAMPNESS
v. 1. to make damp or moist; moisten
2. to extinguish (a fire, for example) by cutting off air
3. to restrain or check; discourage
abase : prestige :: damp : ardor
abase (, ) ,
prestige , ; ,
damp amplify
sere lush, damp
sere , withered; dry
lush ; ; (profitable)
damper ameliorator
ameliorate to make or become better; improve
cyclone [sikloun] n.
snow : precipitation :: hurricane : cyclone (snow precipitation
, hurricane cyclone( cyclone
) )
cynical [snikl] a. ,
: contemptuously distrustful of human nature and motives
ingenue : sophistication :: cynic : trustfulness (LACK)
ingenue [nn:] / an artless, innocent girl or
young woman
[dmpn] v. , (, , )
: DEADEN
1. to make damp
2. to deaden, restrain, or depress
3. to soundproof
dampen : ardor :: abase : prestige
dampen : sound :: dim : light
dim ~
dampen increase intensity, parch, scorch, intensify, strengthen,
invigorate, enliven
parch , ; ,
scorch , ; ; ,
dampen
D
dab [db] v. ~ , ( ) n.
,
dab coat thoroughly
dabble [dbl] vi.
: to work or involve oneself superficially or intermittently
especially in a secondary activity or interest
dabble in Latin
dabbler (amateur)
dabbler : dedication :: martinet : leniency (LACK)
leniency , ,
dabbler : dedicated :: artlessness : canny, cunning, clever, shrewd (A
B )
canny , ,
cunning ,
shrewd , ,
dabble : superficial :: (CHARACTER)
dabble dedicate, devote, specialize
dabbler specialist, dedicated professional, devotee
daft
[dli] vi. ; ,
1. to play amorously; flirt
2. to trifle; toy
dander [dndr] n.
: temper or anger
dandy [dndi] n.
miser : hoard :: dandy : preen :: sycophant : fawn :: pundit : opine
hoard , , a hidden fund or supply stored for future use;
a cache
preen ( ) ; ; ,
[dk] a.
: disagreeably damp or humid
dank : moisture :: dappled : spot (A = B )
dank : moisture :: sweltering : heat
dank arid, parched, desiccated
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dawdler
daze [deiz] v. ,
1. to stun, as with a heavy blow or shock; stupefy
2. to dazzle, as with strong light
daredevil
[drt] v.
: to move suddenly or rapidly
descend : plummet :: move : dart :: lessen : eliminate (A << B)
dart : missile :: skiff : boat (A B)
skiff , 1
dart
[ddl] v. , , ,
()
1. to take more time than necessary
2. to move aimlessly or lackadaisically
lackadaisical [lkdizikl] ; ,
dawdler : punctilious :: philistine : cultivated (A B +B
A OPPOSITE)
dawdle, ramble : move :: doodle : draw
punctilious , ,
dawdle hie
hie , to go quickly; hasten
dazzle [dzl] v. .
: to dim the vision of, especially to blind with intense light.
deactivate [diktvit] v.t. ,
: to make inactive or ineffective
1. to render inactive or ineffective
2. to inhibit, block, or disrupt the action of (an enzyme or
other biological agent)
3. to remove from active military status
deactivate potentiate
potentiate ; ( )
deaden [ddn] v.t. : BLUNT
1. to render less intense, sensitive, or vigorous
2. to make soundproof
3. to make less colorful or brilliant
tonic : invigorate :: analgesic : deaden
analgesic
deadpan [ddpn] a. ;
1. a blank, expressionless face
2. a person, especially a performer, who has or assumes a
blank expression
deadpan : impassive :: impudent : brazen :: insightful : discerning
impudent , ; , ,
dearth [dr] n. , : LACK
1. a scarce supply; a lack
2. shortage of food; famine
surfeit, spate, copiousness, plethora dearth
spate ; , a sudden flood, rush, or
outpouring
plethora , (overfullness) a superabundance; an excess
debacle [deibkl, -bkl, d-] n. , , ; ,
1. a sudden, disastrous collapse, downfall, or defeat; a rout
2. a total, often ludicrous failure
3. the breaking up of ice in a river
4. a violent flood
rout , ; , , ;
debacle complete success, eclat
eclat , ; ; ,
debark [dib:rk] v. , = disembark
: to unload, as from a ship or an airplane
debark : ship :: unload : truck
debark embark, get on, depart
debase [dibis] v. (, )
: to lower in character, quality, or value; degrade
debase : value :: attenuate : density, force, power, intensity, strength (B
A , A B ) (alleviate : power )
enervation : vitality :: debasement : value
debase : status :: lower : height :: chill : temperature
debase ennoble
ennoble ; to make noble; to confer
nobility upon
debasement deification, elevation, ennoblement
deify ,
debate [dibit] v. /,
1. to consider something; deliberate
2. to engage in argument by discussing opposing
3. to engage in a formal discussion or argument
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debauchery [dibtri] n. ,
: extreme indulgence in sensual pleasures; dissipation.
debauchery ascetism
debilitate [dibltit] v.t. : ENFEEBLE
: to sap the strength or energy of; enervate
attenuate : thickness :: debilitate : strength
debilitate invigorate, fortify, give energy, energize
debonair [dbnr] adj. , , ;
: suave; urbane
: affable; genial
: carefree and gay; jaunty
debonair awkward
debonair, sophisticated uncouth
uncouth ,,
debris [dbr, dibri / db-]
debris : destroy :: ash : burn
n. , ,
debunk [dibk] v. () ,
: to expose the sham or falseness of
debunk : deceive :: (OPPOSITE)
debunk( ) affirm, verify( )
debunk perpetuate to sham, unexpose, shroud, deceive
perpetuate ,
sham , , , ; () ,
shroud [raud] ; ; ,
debut [deibj, di-, di- db-] n.
debut : career :: embark : journey
embark , ; () , ( )
debut farewell performance
decadence [dkdns, dikidns] n. ,
: a process, condition, or period of deterioration or decline,
as in morals or art; decay
decadence wholesomeness
wholesome , ;
decant [diknt] v.t. ()
1. to pour off (wine, for example) without disturbing the
sediment
2. to pour (a liquid) from one container into another
subterfuge : deceive :: decantation : pour (A << B)
subterfuge , a deceptive stratagem or device
decentralize [disntrliz] v. ( ) ;
: to distribute the administrative functions or powers of (a
central authority) among several local authorities
decibel [dsbl, -bl] n.
decibel : sound :: volt : electricity :: watt : power :: lumen : light ::
light-year : distance :: kilometer : distance :: pound : weight
decipher [disifr] v.t.
1. to read or interpret (ambiguous, obscure, or illegible
matter)
2. to convert from a code or cipher to plain text; decode
* indecipherable ()
declamation [dekli:n] n. ; /
1. a recitation delivered as an exercise in rhetoric or
elocution
2. a. vehement oratory b. a speech marked by strong feeling;
a tirade
declamation : grandiloquence :: diatribe : abuse
grandiloquence ,
decode [dikud] v.t.
: to convert from code into plain text
tacit : infer :: encoded : decode, decipher
tacit , ; ,
taciturn , ; habitually untalkative
indecipherable : decoded :: unmanageable : controlled
decorum [dikrm] n. ,
1. appropriateness of behavior or conduct; propriety
2. the conventions of polite behavior
3. the appropriateness of an element of an artistic or literary
work, such as style or tone, to its particular circumstance
or to the composition as a whole
* indecorous adj. , ,
miscalculation : judgment :: gaffe : decorum
gaffe [gf] , a clumsy social error; a blatant
mistake or misjudgment
decorum impropriety
mangy, unseemly sleek, decorous
mangy [mindi] ( ) ; ; ,
sleek , ;
indecorous proper
decrepit [dikrpit] adj. ,
: weakened, worn out, impaired, or broken down by old age,
illness, or hard use
decrepit vigorous, sound, sturdy, robust, hale, firm, alive, lively
decrepitude sturdiness, cheerfulness, alacrity
decry [dikri] v. , ,
1. to condemn openly
2. to depreciate (currency, for example) by official
proclamation or by rumor
celebration : decry :: slight : show respect (OPPOSITE)
decry acclaim, applaud, extol, praise, compliment, honor, appreciate
dedication [ddikin] n. ,
: a devoting or setting aside for a particular purpose
bigot : dedication :: rage : anger (A >> B)
bigot ,
zeal : dedication :: mesmerism : interest (A >> B)
mesmerism [mzmrzm] , a strong or
spellbinding appeal; fascination
dabble dedicate, devote
default [diflt] ,
: a failure to pay financial debts
default : pay :: yield : resist (OPPOSITE)
default fulfill an obligation, pay one's debt
defeasible [dif:zbl] adj. , ()
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definitive [difntiv] adj. ; ; ,
1. precisely defined or explicit
2. supplying or being a final settlement or decision;
conclusive
3. authoritative and complete
definitive provisional
deflate [diflit] ;
1. a. to release contained air or gas from b. to collapse by
releasing contained air or gas
2. to reduce or lessen the size or importance of
puncture : deflated :: jar : unsettled
jar n. , v. , ; (, ) ,
defoliant [di()fulint] n.
defoliant : tree :: insecticide : insect
deforest v. ; afforest
to cut down and clear away the trees or forests from
deforestation : tree :: insecticide : insect
defraud [difrd] v.t.
: to deprive of something by deception or fraud; swindle
defray [difri] v. (, ) , ~
to undertake the payment of (costs or expenses); pay.
defray entrust
entrust v. ( )
deft
[deft] a. ,
: quick and skillful; adroit
craven : admirable :: deft : awkward (OPPOSITE)
craven ,
maladroit : deft :: voluble : terse (OPPOSITE)
expedite v., , a. ,
deft maladroit, clumsy, awkward, ham-handed, inept
ham-handed ; ,
defuse
[di()fjz] v.t. ; (, )
: to make less harmful, potent, or tense
defuse foment
defy
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ingenuous : guile :: delicate : offense (A lack B, : )
ingenuous , ; ,
chiaroscuro : contrast :: filigree : delicacy (CHARACTER)
chiaroscuro
delicacy crudity
crude ; (, ) , ;
,
husky delicate
husky () ; () hoarse or rough in quality
[d:f`ai] v. ;
1. to make a god of; raise to the condition of a god
2. to worship or revere as a god
3. to idealize; exalt
deify speak/watch with contempt
[dliksi]
n. , , : FINENESS
delinquent [dilkwnt] a. , ;
1. failing to do what law or duty requires
2. overdue in payment
delirium [dilrim] n. ,
1. a temporary state of mental confusion and clouded
consciousness resulting from high fever,
intoxication, shock, or other causes
2. a state of uncontrolled excitement or emotion
coma : unconsciousness :: delirium : confusion
delude
deluge [dljud] n. , v.
: a great flood; a heavy downpour; something that
overwhelms as if by a great flood
rain : deluge :: wind : hurricane (A << B)
droplet : deluge :: pebble : landslide (A << B)
landslide , ;
deluge drizzle, trickle
drizzle , to rain gently in fine, mistlike drops
delusive [dil:siv] adj. , ;
1. tending to delude
2. having the nature of a delusion; false
delusive transparent
delve [delv] v. ,
: to make a careful or detailed search for information
quaff : sip :: delve : skim (A >> B)
skim ( ) ; /
scrutinize : gloss :: delve : skim
scrutinize to examine or observe with great care;
inspect critically
gloss ; ,
demagogue [dmgg, -gg / -gg] n.
demagogue : instruct :: shirk : malinger
shirk (, ) , , n.,
(=shirker)
demanding adj. ;
: requiring much effort or attention
demanding : satisfactory :: closed-minded : sway
closed-minded intolerant of the beliefs and opinions of others;
stubbornly unreceptive to new ideas
demise [dimiz] n. , ( )
1. a. death b. the end of existence or activity
2. (law) transfer of an estate by lease or will
3. the transfer of a ruler's authority by death or abdication
appropriate demise
appropriate a. , v. (, ) ;
; /
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[dimrliz] v.t. , :
DISCOURAGE, DISPIRIT
1. to undermine the confidence or morale of; dishearten
2. to put into disorder; confuse
3. to debase the morals of; corrupt
dispirit : morale :: enervate : strength :: disiccate : moisture
dispirit to lower in or deprive of spirit; dishearten
morale [mr l]
demoralize invigorate, cheer ckl
den
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denigrate [dnigrit] v.t. , : DEFAME
1. to attack the character or reputation of; speak ill of
2. to disparage; belittle
denigrate exalt, honor ()
exalt ( ) (elevate); /(glorify)
denigration, rebuke, reprobation accolade ()
denouement [deinm] n. (, )
1. a. the final resolution or clarification of a dramatic or
narrative plot b. the events following the climax of a
drama or novel in which such a resolution or clarification
takes place
2. the outcome of a sequence of events; the end result
joke : punch line :: plot : denouement
punch line (, ) the climax of a joke or
humorous story
denounce [dinuns] v. () , , (, ,
)
1. to condemn openly as being evil or reprehensible
2. to accuse formally
3. to give formal announcement of the ending of (a treaty)
admonish : denounce :: punish : pillory :: tell : proclaim (B A
)
pillory : , to
expose to ridicule and abuse; to put a pillory as punishment
admonish : denounce :: persuade : convince
libel : criticize :: denounce : reject
libel n. v. ,
fulfillment : denouncement :: (OPPOSITE)
castigation : reproof :: denunciation : denial (A >> B)
castigation : reproof :: glorification : merit (A >> B)
castigate , to inflict severe punishment; to criticize
severely
reprove , ,
denounce condone, embrace, eulogy, extol, advocate
condone ( ) ,
denunciation accolade, eulogy, panegyric
denouncing bracing
dent
[dent] n. ; ; ()
1. a depression in a surface made by pressure or a blow
2. (informal) a significant, usually diminishing effect or
impression
dent convex
denture [dnt:r] n. ,
denture : teeth :: toupee : hair :: wig : hair
toupee [tu:pi]
denude [dinjd] v. ~
: to divest of covering; make bare
denude cover
denude, uncover blanket
blanket ~
denunciation [dinnsiin, -i-] n. ,
1. the act or an instance of denouncing, especially a public
condemnation or censure
2. the act of accusing another of a crime before a public
prosecutor
* denunciate ,
castigation : reproof :: denunciation : denial
denunciation accolade, eulogy, panegyric, praise
accolade ; ,
denunciate praise
deny [dini] n. : controvert, dispute, refute, rebut,
disprove
* deniable adj. (, )
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deny corroborate
deniable incontrovertible
depart [diprt] vi. : LEAVE
abscond : depart :: pilfer : take :: lurk : wait :: purloin : take
pilfer , to steal (a small amount or item)
lurk , ; ,
purloin [p:rlin] to steal, often in a violation of trust
depreciate [dipriit] v.
1. to lessen the price or value of
2. to think or speak of as being of little worth; belittle
* depreciation n.
fawn : hauteur :: self-depreciate : swagger
hauteur [hout :r] ( ) haughtiness in bearing and attitude;
arrogance
swagger ; ,
imperious : fawn :: swaggering : self-depreciate
depreciation : value :: ossification : flexibility :: attenuation : power
depress [diprs] v.t. ,
1. to lower in spirits; deject
2. a. to cause to drop or sink; lower b. to press down
3. to lessen the activity or force of; weaken
4. to lower prices in (a stock market)
depressant : mood ::
depressant ; tending to lower the rate of vital
physiological activities
despondent : depressed :: expert : skilled (EQUAL, : )
protuberant depressed
protuberant , ; , ; swelling
outward; bulging
deprivation [dprvin] n. ,
1. a. the act or an instance of depriving; loss b. the condition
of being deprived; privation
2. a removal of rank or office
privation , ; ,
deprivation surfeit ( 10)
deracinate [dirsnit] v.t. , : UPROOT
1. to pull out by the roots; uproot
2. to displace from one's native or accustomed environment
deracinate plant
derelict
[drlikt] a. , , n. :
VAGRANT, BUM
1. deserted by an owner or keeper; abandoned
2. run-down; dilapidated
3. neglectful or duty or obligation; remiss
stickler : derelict :: poseur : unaffected (OPPOSITE, : )
poseur [pouz:r]
derelict pillar of society, affection
derelict extremely careful, dutiful
depose
[dipuz] v.t. ( ) ; (
)
v. 1. a. to remove from office or power b. to dethrone
2. (law) a. to state or affirm in a deposition or by affidavit b.
to take a deposition from
3. to put or lay down; deposit
perjure depose, attest
perjure [p:rdr]
deposit [dpzit] n. , ; , , ()
v. 1. to put or set down; place
2. to lay down or leave behind by a natural process
3. a. to give over or entrust for safekeeping b. to put
(money) in a bank or financial account
4. to give as partial payment or security
deposit, deposition process of eroding
depravity [diprvti] n. ,
1. moral corruption or degradation
2. a depraved act or condition
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derogatory
a. ; ,
descend
[disnd] v. () , ; ()
; ,
descend : altitude :: dehydrate : moisture
descendant [disndnt]
forbears descendants
n.
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detritus [ditrits] n. : DEBRIS
debris : destroy :: ash : burn
detritus valuable mass, valuable product
devastate [dvstit] v. ; ,
1. to lay waste; destroy
2. to overwhelm; confound; stun
spry devastated
spry ,
deviation [dviin] n. ; ()
: noticeable or marked departure from accepted norms of
behavior
* deviate v.
deviate follow strictly
devious [dvis] adj.
: not straightforward; shifty
devious straightforward, sincere
devise [diviz] v.t. : INVENT
: to form, plan, or arrange in the mind; design or contrive
devoted [divutid] a. ,
1. feeling or displaying strong affection or attachment;
ardent
2. having been consecrated; dedicated
consecrate ; , ;
devoted : zealous :: careful : fastidious (A << B)
fastidious ;
fanatic : devoted :: prude : proper (A = B )
fanatic a person marked or motivated by an extreme,
unreasoning enthusiasm
prude
elegiac : sorrow :: devotional : reverence
dabble dedicate, devote
dabble ; /
devoutness impiety
impiety ; ,
deteriorate [dit(:)ririt] v. , ( ) ,
( )
: to diminish or impair in quality, character, or value
deterioration improvement, amelioration
deteriorate ameliorate, improve, strengthen, fortify
devout [divut] a. , ;
1. devoted to religion or to the fulfillment of religious
obligations
2. displaying reverence or piety
3. sincere; earnest
religion : devoutness :: canon : orthodoxy
orthodoxy ; ,
impiety devoutness
impiety ; ,
dew [d:ju:] n. ,
dew : condensation :: rust : corrosion
detoxify [di:tksfai|-tk-] ,
detoxificatin : poison :: neutralization : acid
diabolic
[diblik / -bl-] a. ; , :
DEVILISH
1. of, concerning, or characteristic of the devil; satanic
2. appropriate to a devil, especially in degree of wickedness
or cruelty
detract [ditrkt] v. ( ) ;
1. to draw or take away; divert
2. (archaic) to speak ill of; belittle
extol condemn, impugn, detract
impugn , to attack as false or questionable;
challenge in argument
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diabolization benediction
diabolic seraphic, benefic, benevolent
benefic , (beneficent)
diagnose [dignus, ---] v.
: to recognize (as a disease) by signs and symptoms
diagnose : treat :: proofread : correct (B A )
proofread to read (copy or proof) in order to find errors and mark
corrections
diaphanous [daifns] a. ,
: INSUBSTANTIAL, ETHEREAL
1. of such fine texture as to be transparent or translucent
2. characterized by delicacy of form
3. vague or insubstantial
diaphanous opaque, substantial, substantive, opaque, murky,
impermeable/impervious of light
substantial ; , ; ; ,
impervious ;
diatribe [ditrib] n.
diatribe : abuse :: burlesque : mockery
burlesque , ,
lullaby : song :: diatribe : discourse
discourse , ; , ,
declamation : grandiloquence :: diatribe : abuse
declamation ; /
grandiloquence , pompous or bombastic speech or
expression
diatribe encomium, laudatory piece of writing
dicey [disi] a. , ,
dicey lacking danger
didactic [daidktik] a. ;
1. intended to instruct
2. morally instructive
3. inclined to teach or moralize excessively
didactic : teach :: hortatory, exhortative : urge
( inclined to teach : teach ::
intended to urge : urge)
didactic : teach :: comic : amuse
( inclined to teach : teach ::
comic : amuse)
die [dai] n. ,
die : shaping :: drill : boring :: reel : winding
diehard [dihrd] n. ;
: one who strongly resist change
a. stubbornly resisting change or clinging to a seemingly
hopeless or outdated cause
palter : candor :: budge : diehard (A lack B)
palter
budge ; () to move or stir slightly; to
alter a position or attitude
diehard : budge :: vagary : predict (A B )
diffident [dfidnt] a. , ; ,
1. lacking or marked by a lack of self-confidence; shy and
timid
2. reserved in manner
diffident brassy, brazen, nervy, bold, expansive
diffuse [difjz] v. , ; ( ) ,
a. , , ,
v. 1. to pour out and cause to spread freely
2. to spread about or scatter; disseminate
3. to make less brilliant; soften
a. 1. widely spread or scattered; not concentrated
[ddit] n. (),
1. a. a human finger or toe. b. A corresponding part in other
vertebrates
2. a. one of the ten Arabic number symbols, 0 through 9. b.
Such a symbol used in a system of numeration
; The thumb is the most powerful of all.
.
fang : tooth :: finger : digit (A B )
fang ( ) ,
dignity [dgnti] n. ,
1. the quality or state of being worthy of esteem or respect
2. inherent nobility and worth
3. a. poise and self-respect b. stateliness and formality in
manner and appearance
4. the respect and honor associated with an important
position
5. a high office or rank
digress [daigrs, di-] v.
: to turn aside, especially from the main subject in writing or
speaking; stray
digress : excursive :: reiterate : redundant
excursive , ;
reiterate ; to say or do again
or repeatedly
digress : topic :: stray : group :: detour : route :: detour : path
digressive : topic, subject :: random : pattern :: aberrant : standard ::
circuitous : route
stray () , () ;
digress : topic :: veer : direction
aside : digression :: summary : excerpt
excerpt [ks:rpt] ,
dike [daik] n. , , v. ,
dike : water :: fence : livestock (B A )
dilapidate [dilpdit] v. ;
: to bring or fall into a state of partial ruin, decay, or disrepair
dilapidated restored, still in use
dilate [dailit, di-] v.t. : DISTEND, WIDEN
: to make wider or larger; cause to expand
dilate : circumference :: protract : length
dilate contract, narrow
dilatory [dltri / -tri] a. : TARDY
: intended to delay; tending to postpone or delay
laggard : dilatory :: rascal : mischievous (A B )
rascal , , a.,
dilatory : procrastinate :: malcontent : complain
procrastinate ;
malcontent , dissatisfied with existing conditions
alacrity dilatoriness, hesitance
precipitate retard, dilatory
dilatory alacritous
dilettante
[dltnt, -tnti] n. ; :
DABBLER
1. a dabbler in an art or a field of knowledge
2. a lover of the fine arts; a connoisseur
dilettante : commitment :: nonentity : consequence (A lack B)
nonentity /;
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2. urgent; desperate
dire pleasant, fortunate, propitious, favorable
[din] n. v. ,
: a jumble of loud, usually discordant sounds
stench : nose :: din : ear
stench , a strong, foul odor; a stink
din hush, silence, stillness, quietness
hush , ,
[dsbjz] v. (, ) , (
)
: to free from a falsehood or misconception
loose : confinement :: disabuse : misconception, fallacy,
miscomprehension :: cure : disease :: rehabilitate : addiction ::
vindicate : blame
mislead, lead into error disabuse
[dair] a. , ; , : DISMAL,
OPPRESSIVE
1. warning of or having dreadful or terrible consequences;
calamitous
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discerning
[distrd] v.t. () , ( )
, ,
discharge hire
discharge
disciple [disip:l] n. , ; 12
1. one who embraces and assists in spreading the teaching
of another
2. an active adherent, as of a movement or philosophy
disciple : follow :: apologist : defend
discord
disclaim [disklim] v. ,
1. to deny or renounce any claim to or connection with;
disown
2. to deny the validity of; repudiate
* disclaimer n. (), (), , ,
A repudiation or denial of responsibility or
connection./ A renunciation of one's right or claim.
conversation : exchange :: disclaimer : denial (EQUAL)
discography [diskgrfi / -kg-] n.
list : discography :: tool : hoe (A B)
hoe [hou]
discombobulate [dskmbbjlit / -bb-] v. ( )
, ;
to throw into a state of confusion
discombobulated : order :: erratic : consistency
discombobulate make clear, clarify, explain, settle
discombobulate compose
discomfit
[diskmfit] v. , :
DISCONCERT, THWART
1. to make uneasy or perplexed; disconcert
; He was ed at being seen by someone.
.
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1. to regard or treat with haughty contempt; despise
2. to consider or reject as beneath oneself
contemptible : disdain :: hilarious : laugh
snub : disdain :: double-cross : disloyalty
snub , ; ,
double-cross to betray by acting in contradiction to a prior
agreement
adulation, treat favorably disdain
adulation excessive flattery or admiration
disembark [dsembrk] v. , ;
= debark
1. to go ashore from a ship
2. to leave a vehicle or aircraft
debark, disembark : ship :: dismount : horse
debark : ship :: unload : truck
disembarrass [dsembrs|-im-] v. ( ) ,
; ; ( )
to free from something bothersome or encumbering; relive
disembarrass : impediment :: emancipate : servitude
() : , :: (shirk : duty )
disembarrassment engagement
disembarrassment impediment
impediment , ()
disembody [dsimbdi] ( ) ()
1. to free (the soul or spirit) from the body
2. to divest of material existence or substance
disembodied corporeal
disengage [dsengid] v.t.
1. to release from something that holds fast, connects, or
entangles
2. to release (oneself) from an engagement, pledge, or
obligation
disengage mesh
mesh , ;
disentangle [dsintgl] v. ;
1. to extricate from entanglement or involvement; free
2. to clear up or resolve (a plot, for example)
disentangle snarl
disgorge [disgrd] v. ; : VOMIT
1. to bring up and expel from the throat or stomach; vomit
2. to discharge violently; spew
3. to surrender (stolen gods or money, for example)
unwillingly
disgorge ingest, swallow
disgruntle [disgrntl] v.t. ,
: to make ill-humored or discontented
disgruntle refresh
disgruntled contented, rapturous
rapturous filled with great joy or rapture; ecstatic
disdain
disgust
[disdin]
n. : SCORN
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[disgst]
n. v. : REPUGNANCE
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adj. ,
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disposed disinclined
disposed [dispuzd] adj.
: To put into a willing or receptive frame of mind; incline.
disposed disinclined
dispute [dispj:t] v.
1. to argue about; debate
2. to question the truth or validity of; doubt
3. to strive to win (a prize, for example); contest for
4. to strive against; resist
dispute accept
disputable incontrovertible
dissemblance : deception ::
ingenuous : dissemble :: raffish : preen :: polite : snub
ingenuous , , ; ,
raffish , ; ,
preen ( ) (trim); ,
dissembler : forthright :: sadist : benignant
dissemble behave honestly
dissembling candid
disseminate [dismnit] v.t. , ; ( )
,
1. to scatter widely, as in sowing seed
2. to spread abroad; promulgate
promulgate , ;
disseminate : information :: foment : discontentment
disseminate garner, nucleate
garner , ,
nucleate ;
dissension [disnn] n. , ,
: difference of opinion; disagreement
concord dissension
dissent [disnt] v.
1. to differ in opinion or feeling
2. to withhold assent or approval
dissenter : orthodox :: maverick : group
dissent conform, consent, accede, acquiesce, agree, subscribe,
assent, concur
dissertation [dsrtin] n. , ()
: a lengthy, formal treatise, especially one written by a
candidate for the doctoral degree at a university; a thesis
dissimulate v. ( ) ; ...
: to disguise (one's intentions, for example) under a feigned
appearance
disregard
dissipate [dspit] v. () ,
1. to drive away; disperse
2. to attenuate to or almost to the point of disappearing
3. a. to spend or expend intemperately or wastefully;
squander b. to use up, especially recklessly; exhaust
4. to cause to lose (energy, such as heat) irreversibly
husbandry : dissipate :: alacrity : procrastinate (OPPOSITE)
husbandry , , ; ,
procrastinate ,
dissipation : temperate :: fecundity : sterile (OPPOSITE)
dissipate : stir ::
dissipate accumulate, gather, amass, pile up
[dsrig:rd] v. , ; ,
dissociate [disuiit] v. ,
: to separate from association or union with another;
separate
affiliation dissociation
affiliation , ; ,
dissolute [dslt] a. ,
: lacking moral restraint; indulging in sensual pleasures or
vices
libertine : dissolute :: sycophant : obsequious
ludicrous : buffoon :: dissolute : libertine :: humorous : wag
ludicrous , ;
buffoon ,
wag (, ) ; ,
voluble : speech :: licentious : dissoluteness
voluble , marked by a ready flow of speech; fluent
licentious [laisns] ,
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dissolute thrift
dissolve [dizlv / -zlv] v.
clot : dissolved :: crowd : dispersed
coagulant : thicken :: solvent : dissolve :: caustic : burn
coagulant ;
dissolve : insoluble :: bend : rigid :: submerge : buoyant
consolidate, coagulate dissolve
dissonance [dsnns] n. ,
1. a harsh, disagreeable combination of sounds; discord
2. lack of agreement, consistency, or harmony; conflict
dissonance concord
dissonant [dsnnt] () , ;
,
1. harsh and inharmonious in sound; discordant
2. being at variance; disagreeing
3. (music) constituting or producing a dissonance
dissuade [diswid] v.t.
: to deter from a course of action or a purpose by
persuasion or exhortation
ex.dissuaded my friend from pursuing such a rash scheme.
remonstrator : dissuade :: applicant : appeal
remonstrance : dissuade :: reprehension : censure ( : )
remonstrance , ; , ,
resolute : dissuade :: obstreperous : control
obstreperous , ; ,
inexorable : dissuasion : indomitable : conquest
inexorable , ; ,
dissuade abet, enhance, exhort
distain [dstin] v. ,
distain treat favorably
distal
[dstl] adj. , /
1. anatomically located far from a point of reference, such
as an origin or a point of attachment
2. situated farthest from the middle and front of the jaw, as
a tooth or tooth surface
distal proximal
proximal ;
distemper [distmpr] n. ,
1. an infectious viral disease occurring in dogs,
characterized by loss of appetite, a catarrhal discharge
from the eyes and nose, vomiting, fever, lethargy, partial
paralysis caused by destruction of myelinated nerve
tissue, and sometimes death. Also called canine
distemper.
2. a similar viral disease of cats characterized by fever,
vomiting, diarrhea leading to dehydration, and
sometimes death. Also called feline distemper,
panleukopenia.
distend [distnd] v. ,
to swell out or expand from or as if from internal pressure
distend constrict, condense, deflate, contract
distention compression
distill [distl] v. ,
distill : pure :: liquefy : fluid
distill : purity :: leaven : volume
distillation [dstlin] n. (); ,
distillate [dstl`eit] n.
1. a liquid condensed from vapor in distillation
2. a purified form; an essence
[dti] n.
: a simple song
fable : tale :: ditty : song (A B)
ditty : oratorio :: anecdote : novel
diurnal [dairnl] a. , ;
1. relating to or occurring in a 24-hour period; daily
2. occurring or active during the daytime rather than at night
3. (botany) opening during daylight hours and closing at
night
diurnal nocturnal, chiefly active at night
diverge
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[divrd, dai-]
vi. , ;
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doff don
dogged [d()gid, dg-] a. ,
: stubbornly persevering; tenacious; marked by stubborn
determination
dogged yielded, easily discouraged, reluctant, hesitating
doggerel [d()grl, dg-] n. ,
: crudely or irregularly fashioned verse, often of a humorous
or burlesque nature
doggerel : verse, poem :: burlesque : play :: sketch : drawing ::
potboiler : article, novel
burlesque , ,
potboiler
A literary or artistic work of poor quality, produced quickly
for profit.
doggo [d()gou, dg-]
: in hiding
ad.
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dominant recessive
recessive , /;
domineering [dmnri / dmnr-] a. , ,
: tending to domineer; overbearing
contemptuous, imperious, domineering deferential
don
[dn / dn] , ,
1. to put on (clothing)
2. to assume or take on
doff don
[douz] v.
: to sleep lightly and intermittently
doze : sleep :: nudge : prod (A << B)
nudge ,
prod , ; ,
donor [dunr] n.
legacy : predecessor :: gift : donor
predecessor , ;
doodle [ddl] v. ;
1. to scribble aimlessly, especially when preoccupied
2. to kill time
draw : doodle :: travel : ramble :: walk : amble
amble () ; / (stroll) to walk
slowly or leisurely; stroll
drab
dormant
[d:rmnt] adj. , ; ,
1. lying asleep or as if asleep; inactive
2. latent but capable of being activated
3. temporarily quiescent
4. in a condition of biological rest or inactivity
characterized by cessation of growth or development
and the suspension of many metabolic processes
dormant : inactivity :: malleable : plasticity
dormant active, dynamic, attentive, conscious, energetic, vigorous
dormancy activity
dose
[dous] n. 1 v. (medicine)
1. a specified quantity of a therapeutic agent, such as a
drug or medicine, prescribed to be taken at one time or
at stated intervals
2. the amount of radiation administered as therapy to a
given site
dose : medicine :: ration : food
dose : medicine :: sentence : punishment
dote
[dout]
: to show excessive love or fondness
upbraid : reproach :: dote : like (A >> B)
upbraid [pbrid] ; to reprove sharply; reproach
[dur, daur] a. STERN; ,
1. marked by sternness or harshness; forbidding
2. silently ill-humored; gloomy
3. sternly obstinate; unyielding
; a dour look
dour : geniality :: bumptious : humbleness
genial , ; ,
bumptious , crudely or loudly assertive; pushy
dour : tractable :: bumptious : humble
dour congenial, genial, jocund
dour
dove [dv] n. ; , , ; ,
1. a gentle, innocent person
2. a person who advocates peace, conciliation, or
negotiation in preference to confrontation or armed
conflict
dove warmonger, jingoist
downpour [daunpr]
: a heavy fall of rain
n.
[drb] a. ; , ;
1. (color) a. of a dull light brown b. of a light olive brown or
khaki color
2. faded and dull in appearance
3. dull or commonplace in character; dreary
drab : cheer :: simple : profundity (OPPOSITE)
draw [dr] v. (, , )
draw : penchant ::
penchant , ; , a definite liking; a strong
inclination
drawl [drl] v.
: to speak with lengthened or drawn-out vowels
inch : move :: drawl : speak :: lope : run :: nibble : eat :: lessen :
eliminate (A << B)
inch; to move or cause to move slowly or by small degrees
lope () ; ( )
pontificate : pompous :: scoff : derisive :: drawl : slow :: bluster :
loud :: prate : aimless
scoff , , to mock at or treat with derision
bluster ;
prate to talk idly and at length; chatter
drawl : slow :: deaden : impassive (CHARACTER)
dreary [drri] a. : GLOOMY, DISMAL
1. dismal; bleak
2. boring; dull
jocund dreary
jocund , sprightly and lighthearted in disposition,
character, or quality
dredge [dred] n. v.
dredge fill in
drench [drent] v. , (steep)
1. to wet through and through; soak
2. to administer a large oral dose of liquid medicine to (an
animal)
3. to provide with something in great abundance; surfeit
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dubious certain
indubitable questionable
[droul] a. , n. a buffoon v.
: having a humorous, whimsical, or odd quality
: Amusingly odd or whimsically comical
grisly : flinch :: droll : laugh
grisly , inspiring repugnance
flinch (, ) /;
grouch : irritable :: wag : droll
grouch : , , ,
droll grave, serious, somber, solemn
drone
[droun] v. , ;
n. ,
1. to make a continuous low dull humming sound
2. to speak in a monotonous tone
3. to pass or act in a monotonous way
hiss : sibilant :: drone : monotonous :: stammer : halting
(CHARACTER)
sibilant ;
drone speak animatedly, excite,
ductile [dktil] ; , ;
1. easily drawn into wire or hammered thin
2. easily molded or shaped
3. capable of being readily persuaded or influenced; tractable
ductility : malleable :: toxicity : poisonous
ductile incompliant, unyielding, not bending
dulcet [dlsit] a. MELODIOUS
1. pleasing to the ear; melodious
2. having a soothing, agreeable quality
cacophonous dulcet, euphonious
dulcet : sweet :: raucous : harsh
off-key dulcet
off-key ; , ;
dull [dl] a. ,
tarnish : dull :: vitrify : smooth
tarnish , ; () ,
vitrify to change or make into glass or a glassy
substance
brilliance dullness
resplendent, perspicuous dull
resplendent , , splendid or dazzling in
appearance; brilliant
perspicuous , clearly expressed or presented; easy to
understand
trenchant vague, dull
trenchant , ; , ; ,
dullard [dlrd] n.
: a person regarded as mentally dull; a dolt
dullard wit ()
droop [dru:p] v. ; () ;
1. to bend or hang downward
2. to bend or sag gradually
3. to sag in dejection or exhaustion
sag , ; ,
dupe
[drid, - d]
n. / : WOOD NYMPH
dubious [djbis] a.
1. fraught with uncertainty or doubt; undecided
2. arousing doubt; doubtful
3. of questionable character
disaffected : contentment :: dubious : conviction, commitment (A B
)
disaffected () , ;
conviction ; , ; ,
duplicity [dju(:)plti] n. ,
1. a. deliberate deceptiveness in behavior or speech b. an
instance of deliberate deceptiveness; double-dealing
2. the quality or state of being twofold or double
duplicity probity
durable adj. ,
1. capable of withstanding wear and tear or decay
2. lasting; stable
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vision
E
eaglet [glit] n.
: a young eagle
eaglet : bird :: fawn : mammal
fawn ; , ,
[rmrk] n. v. () ; (,
)
1. to reserve or set aside for a particular purpose;
ALLOCATE
2. to place an identifying or distinctive mark on
3. to mark the ear of (a domestic animal) for identification
budget : earmark :: time : schedule
earmark : funds :: schedule : time
earmark
earnest [rnist] a.
1. marked by or showing deep sincerity or seriousness
2. of an important or weighty nature; grave
facetious earnest
facetious [fs:s] , ; playfully jocular;
humorous
earplug [irplg] n.
earplug : noise :: shield : impact
earshot [rt / -t] n.
: hearing distance
: The range within which sound can be heard by the
unaided ear
; listened until the parade was out of earshot.
earshot : hear :: ken : see
ken ; , perception, understanding; range of
earsplitting [rsplti] a.
: loud and shrill enough to hurt the ears
earsplitting : loud :: heartrending : sad
heartrending ,
earsplitting : voice ::
earthly [:rli] adj. ,
earthly spiritual
earthshaking [riki] a. : MOMENTOUS,
CONSEQUENTIAL
: of great consequence or importance
earthshaking trivial, inconsequential
easel [:z:l] n.
easel : canvas :: tripod : camera
eavesdrop [ivzdrp / ivzdrp] v. ,
: to listen secretly to the private conversation of others
hear : eavesdrop :: follow : shadow
eavesdrop : listen :: collude : cooperate
listener : eavesdropper :: observer : spy
ebullient [ibljnt] adj. ;
1. zestfully enthusiastic
2. boiling or seeming to boil; bubbling
* ebullience [ibljns, -bl-] n. :
EXUBERANCE
: zestful enthusiasm
ebullience calm restraint, impassiveness, lifelessness, torpor, lethargy,
lassitude
ebullient : exuberant ::
ebullient torpid, tepid, lethargic
torpid , ;
tepid ;
ebullient reticent, somber, impassive
eccentric [iksntrik, ek-] n. a. ,
[ln / -ln] n. (, ) , ; (,
) ,
a level of responsibility or authority in a hierarchy; a rank
echelon : hierarchy :: (A B )
eclat
[eikl, --] n. ; ,
1. great brilliance, as of performance or achievement
2. conspicuous success
3. great acclamation or applause
eclat fiasco
eclectic [eklktik] a. ;
1. selecting what appears to be best in various doctrines,
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edify leading astray
homily : edifying ::
methods, or styles
2. made up of combining elements from a variety of sources
eclipse
ecstatic [eksttik] a. ;
1. marked by or expressing ecstasy
2. being in a state of ecstasy; enraptured
pleasure : ecstasy :: surprise : astonishment (A << B)
astonishment great surprise or amazement
ecstasy self-control
pleased : ecstatic :: tired: exhausted (A<<B)
ecumenical [kjumnikl / k-] a. ,
1. of worldwide scope or applicability; universal
2. a. of or relating to the worldwide Christian church
b. concerned with establishing or promoting unity among
churches or religions
ecumenical : generality :: entire : integrity
diocesan, parochial ecumenical
parochial [prukil] ; ,
diocesan [daisisn] of or relating to a diocese
ecumenical circumscribed, provincial, insular, factional, parochial
ecumenism factionalism
insular ; ,
eddy
[di] n. , ;
1. a current, as of water or air, moving contrary to the
direction of the main current, especially in a circular
motion
2. a drift or tendency that is counter to or separate from a
main current, as of opinion, tradition, or history
stream : eddy :: trend : anomaly
anomaly , ; ,
v. , ~
efface
[ifis] v. , ; ,
,
1. to rub or wipe out; erase
2. to make indistinct as if by rubbing
3. to conduct (oneself) inconspicuously
* self-effacing
a. , : not drawing
attention to oneself; modest
* ineffaceable adj. , ( )
self-effacing self-aggrandizing
effacing aggrandizing
alliterate : remove :: blazon : efface (OPPOSITE)
alliterate ,
blazon ,
efface aggrandize, blazon, emboss
efface bring to prominent/preeminent, institute
prominent ; , ; ,
effacing aggrandizing
ineffaceable erasable
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[efldnt]
a. : BRILLIANT
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elation dejection, sullenness
sullen ,
elbow [lbou] n.
elbow : joint :: heart : organ (A B)
elective [ilktiv] adj., ; ,
1. of or relating to a selection by vote
2. filled or obtained by election
3. having the power or authority to elect; electoral
4. permitting or involving a choice; optional
elective obligatory
eleemosynary [limsnri, -mz / liimsnri]
1. of, relating to, or dependent on charity
2. contributed as an act of charity; gratuitous
philanthropist : eleemosynary ::
a. ,
elegant [lignt] a.
: characterized by or exhibiting refined, tasteful beauty of
manner, form, or style
insolent polite, elegant
insolent , presumptuous and insulting in manner or
speech; arrogant
elegy [ldi] n.
1. a poem composed in elegiac couplets
2. a. a poem or song composed especially as a lament for a
deceased person b. something resembling such a poem or
song
3. (music) a composition that is melancholy or pensive in
tone
pensive , ;
elegy : sorrow :: satire : ridicule :: hymn : praise :: eulogy : admiration
(A express B)
satire , ;
hymn , ;
elegiac : sorrow :: devotional : reverence
elegy : poem :: paean : song :: tango : dance
elemental [lmntl] adj. ,
: Of, relating to, or being an element
* element n. , ,
nitrogen : element :: biology : science (blue : spectrum )
elemental tangential, incidental (vague )
tangential; only superficially relevant; divergent
incidental; , occurring or likely to occur as an
unpredictable or minor accompaniment / of a minor, casual, or
subordinate nature
elephantine [lfntain, -ti()n] a. ; , :
MASSIVE
: enormous in size or strength; ponderously clumsy
microscopic elephantine
elevate [lvit] v.t. : EXALT
1. to move (something) to a higher place or position from a
lower one; lift
2. to increase the amplitude, intensity, or volume of
3. to promote to a higher rank
4. to raise to a higher moral, cultural, or intellectual level
5. to lift the spirits of; elate
debasement elevation
elicit
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[ilsit] v.t.
1. a. to bring or draw out (something latent); educe b. to
arrive at (a truth, for example) by logic
2. to call forth (a reaction, for example); evoke
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eligible [lidbl] a. , ,
1. qualified or entitled to be chosen
2. desirable and worthy of choice, especially for marriage
elitism [iltizm, ei-] n.
: leadership or rule by an elite
ellipsis [ilpsis] n.
1. a. the omission of a word or phrase necessary for a
complete syntactical construction but not necessary for
understanding
b. an example of such omission
2. a mark or series of marks (... or , for example) used in
writing or printing to indicate an omission, especially of
letter or words
ellipsis : sentence :: apostrophes : word, letter
elliptical [ilptikl] a. ; , ( )
1. of or relating to extreme economy of oral or written
expression
2. marked by deliberate obscurity of style or expression
elliptical palpable
palpable ; ,
elongate [ilgeit / lgit]
: to make or grow longer
elongate shorten, truncate, curtail
v.
elucidate [ilsdit] v.
: to make clear or plain, especially by explanation; clarify
elucidate : clarity :: abet : encouragement
garble, obfuscate, obscure elucidate, illuminate, explain clearly
garble , ;
obfuscate ;
elucidate obscure, obfuscate
elude [ild] v. ,
1. to evade or escape from, as by daring, cleverness, or skill
2. to escape the understanding or grasp of
elusive [il:siv] a. ;
1. tending to elude capture, perception, comprehension, or
memory
2. difficult to define or describe
elusive : define :: (A = B )
elusive transparent, accessible
emaciate [imiiit] v.
: to make or become extremely thin, especially as a result
of starvation
emaciated : thin :: apoplectic : angry
apoplectic , ; , ,
emaciate invigorate, fatten
emaciated corpulent (200510)
emanate
emancipate [imnspit] v.
: to free from bondage, oppression, or restraint; liberate
emancipate enslave, shackle, lasso
lasso ( )
emancipation bondage
[imbrgou] n. v. ; ;
(, , )
1. a government order prohibiting the movement of
embargo
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[mnnt] a. ; (, ) ; ,
; ,
1. towering or standing out above others; prominent
2. of high rank, station, or quality; noteworthy
3. outstanding, as in character or performance;
distinguished
eminent undistinguished, unextraordinary
emit
[imt] v. , ; () ;
()
1. to give or send out matter or energy
2. a. to give out as sound; utter b. to voice; express
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3. to issue with authority, especially to put (currency) into
circulation
emit absorb
emollient [imljnt / iml-] n. ()
: something that softens or soothes
a. 1. softening and soothing, especially to the skin
2. making less harsh or abrasive; molifying
emollient : soothe :: dynamo : generate
emollient : suppleness :: desiccant : dryness
supple , ; ,
emphasis [mfsis] n. , ,
underscore : emphasis :: brand : ownership (SIGN)
underscore v. ; , n.
empathetic, empathic [emptik] a. ,
empathy n. [mpi]
1. identification with and understanding of another's
situation, feelings, and motives; pity
2. the attribution of one's own feelings to an object
empathetic insensitive
empirical [emprikl] adj. , ,
empirical theoretical
emporium [imp:rim] n. ,
emporium : commerce :: laboratory : experimentation :: court : trial ::
stadium : game
empower [impur] v. , <>~
to invest with power, especially legal power or official
authority
empower revoke the authority
enfranchise disempower
empty-handed [mptihndid] a. ,
1. bearing nothing
2. having received or gained nothing
emulate [mjlit] v.t. ,
1. to strive to equal or excel, especially through imitation
2. to compete with successfully; approach or attain equality
with
obviate : unnecessary :: reduce : smaller (A B )
emulate : exemplary :: obviate : unnecessary (A B /B
A)
obviate ( ) ;
exemplary ,
emulate : exemplar :: admire : paragon
emulation : exemplar :: deference : authority
emulous [mjls] a. ; ,
1. eager or ambitious to equal or surpass another
2. characterized or prompted by a spirit of rivalry
enact [enkt] v.t. () ;
1. to make into law
2. to act (something) out, as on a stage
rescission enactment
rescission [risn] , ,
rescind [risnd] to make void; repeal or annul
enact repeal, rescind
enamel [inml] n. ;
enamel : tooth :: bark : tree :: skin, rind : apple :: crust : loaf
rind a tough outer covering such as bark, the skin of some fruits
enclosure [enklur] n.
1. a. the act of enclosing b. the state of being enclosed
2. something enclosed
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encomium [enkumim] n.
1. warm, glowing praise
2. a formal expression of praise; a tribute
* encomiast ,
encomiast : eulogize :: quibbler : cavil
quibble , ;
cavil ; to find fault
unnecessarily; raise trivial objections
encomium : eulogize :: discontent : complain :: quibble : cavil
encomium harsh criticism, invective
encompass [inkmps] v. ,
1. to form a circle or ring around; surround
2. to enclose; envelop
3. to constitute or include
4. to accomplish; achieve
encompass exclude, leave out
encounter [enkuntr] n. ; ,
1. a meeting, especially one that is unplanned, unexpected,
or brief
2. a. a hostile or adversarial confrontation; a contest b. an
often violent meeting; a clash
circumlocution direct encounter
circumlocution () ;
encourage v. , , ~ ,
1. to inspire with hope, courage, or confidence; hearten
2. to give support to; foster
3. to stimulate; spur
encourage appall
endow [endu] v. ; (, ) ,
1. to provide with property, income, or a source of income
2. a. to equip or supply with a talent or quality b. to imagine
as having a usually favorable trait or quality
endow : income :: endorse : approval
endow divest, deprive, deny, disown
enduring [indjri, en-] a. : LASTING, DURABLE
1. lasting; continuing; durable
2. long-suffering; patient
ephemeral : endure :: inelastic : stretch (OPPOSITE)
inelastic ; ,
ephemeral : enduring :: inanimate : living
transitory : endure :: immutable : change
transitory enduring
enduringness transitoriness
[nrvit] v.t. a. ,
(=enervated)
: to lessen the vitality or strength of
cf> enervation , ()
enervate : vitality, strength :: debase : value :: hamstring : effectiveness
curtail : period :: enervate : energy :: desiccate : moisture
eclipse : prestige :: enervation, enfeeblement : vigor :: amnesia :
memory
eclipse ( ) ,
prestige , ; ,
dispirit : morale :: enervate : strength
dispirit , to lower in or deprive
of spirit; dishearten
enervate : vigor, vitality :: palliate : nerve :: debase : value
palliate ,
enervate invigorate, fortify, strengthen
enervation vitality
enervate
encumber [enkmb:r] v. ; ()
1. to put a heavy load on; burden
2. to hinder or impede the action or performance of
3. to burden with legal or financial obligations
* encumbrance n.
encumbrance : hinder :: palliative : mitigate
palliative , ( ),
encumber remove impediment, unburden, assist, aid, facilitate
impediment , ;
encyclopedia [ensikloupdi] n.
* encyclopedic a. , , (
)
encyclopedia : compendious :: assay : objective :: summary :
condensed :: abstract : concise
compendious , containing or stating briefly
and concisely all the essentials
assay [sei] , ; ,
encyclopedia : compendious :: abstract : condensed
encyclopedic narrow, specific, exclusive, selective, restricted
endemic [endmik] a. ,
: prevalent in or peculiar to a particular locality, region, or
people
endemic : region :: inborn : individual
inborn , ,
endemic exotic, foreign
endorse [endrs / in-] v.t. ,
1. to write one's signature on the back of (a check, for
example) as evidence of the legal transfer of its
ownership, especially in return for the cash or credit
indicated on its face
2. to place (one's signature), as on a contract, to indicate
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[nigmtik, n-] a. , :
MYSTERIOUS
: of or resembling an enigma; puzzling
enigma n.
enigma : perplexing :: (CHARACTER)
enigma : impenetrable :: juggernaut : unstoppable
enigmatic : simplistic :: (OPPOSITE)
enigmatic : lucid :: (OPPOSITE)
enigmatic broadly known, readily understandable, free of
ambiguity
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emotion; ecstasy
enraptured indifferent, distracted, impassive
distracted ,
enrich [enrt] v. , ,
1. to make rich or richer
2. to make fuller, more meaningful, or more rewarding
3. to add fertilizer to
4. to add nutrients to
5. to add to the beauty or character of; adorn
enrich deplete, impoverish
ensconce
[inskns / -skns] v. , ; ,
ensemble [`:ns:mbl] n. , ; ,
1. a unit or group of complementary parts that contribute to
a single effect, especially
a. a coordinated outfit or costume
b. a group of supporting musicians, singers, dancers, or
actors who perform together
2. (music)
a. a work for two or more vocalists or instrumentalists
b. the vocalists or instrumentalists who perform such a work
ensemble solo
enslave [ensliv] v.t. : SUBJUGATE
: to make into or as if into a slave
manumit enslave
manumit ( ) to free from slavery or bondage;
emancipate
ensuing [ensi] adj.
: to take place afterward or as a result
* ensue [insj:] v. , ;
1. to follow as a consequence or result
2. to take place subsequently
anterior ensuing
anterior ; , ,
follow : , .
succeed : .
ensue precede
anterior ensuing
entangle
[entgl] v.t. , ( )
;
1. to twist together or entwine into a confusing mass; snarl
2. to complicate; confuse
3. to involve in or as if in a tangle
exonerate : blame :: disentangle : snarl (OPPOSITE)
disentangle snarl
snarl [sna:rl] ;
; , to become tangled or
confused
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enumerate [injmrit] v.t. : LIST
1. to count off or name one by one; list
2. to determine the number of; count
numberless : enumerate :: irreparable : remedy (motionless : activity
)
enunciate
[innsiit, -i-] v. ; :
ARTICULATE
1. to pronounce; articulate
2. to state or set forth precisely or systematically
3. to announce; proclaim
waffle : enunciate :: embed : disinter (OPPOSITE)
waffle , to speak or write evasively
embed ; ()
enunciate : mumbling :: clarify : confusing
enunciate : words :: limn : lines
limn , ()
enunciate mumble
mumble to utter indistinctly by lowering the voice or
partially closing the mouth
[pik] a. ; ,
1. of, constituting, having to do with, or suggestive of a
literary epic
2. surpassing the usual or ordinary, particularly in scope or
size
3. heroic and impressive in quality
epic modest
entrench [intrnt] v. , (, , )
,
entrenched changing, flexible, questionable
entry [ntri] n. , ; ,
: a descriptive record (as in a card catalog or an index)
1. a. the act or an instance of entering b. the privilege or
right of entering
2. a means or place by which to enter
3. a. the inclusion or insertion of an item, as in a record b.
an item entered in this way
4. a. an entry word, as in a dictionary; a headword b. an
headword along with its related text
5. one entered in a competition
journal : entry :: range : mountain
epicenter [pisntr] n. , ,
epicenter periphery
epicure [pikjr] n. ;
1. a person with refined taste especially in food and wine
2. a person devoted to sensuous pleasure and luxurious living
epicure : discriminating :: spectator : watching
sentinel : watchful :: epicure : discriminating
sentinel [sntnl] ,
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2. not easily disturbed; serene
equanimity , ,
equable intemperate, unsteady, uneven, hostile
intemperate , ; ,
equanimity agitation, excitability
[pt] n. (, );
()
1. a. a term used to characterize a person or thing b. a term
used as a descriptive substitute for the name or title of a
person
2. an abusive or contemptuous word or phrase
; shower a person with insulting epithets
epithet : disparage :: alias : mislead
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number of people
2. a. confined to a small group b. not publicly disclosed;
confidential
esoteric commonly accepted, generally known, commonplace
(indisputable )
espouse [ispuz, es-] v.t. , ;
1. a. to take in marriage; marry b. to give (a woman) in
marriage
2. to give one's loyalty or support to (a cause, for example);
adopt
abjure, repudiate embrace, espouse
abjure to renounce under oath; to recant solemnly
repudiate /;
esteem [istm] n. , v. ,
1. to regard with respect; prize
2. to regard as; consider
esteem : idolatry :: favor : bribe (DEFECTIVE)
idolatry , blind or excessive devotion to
something
desire : covet :: esteem : idolize :: favor : bribe (A << B)
covet , to feel blameworthy desire for
obeisance : esteem :: embrace : affection (A show B)
obeisance , ; ,
infuriate : rage :: commend : esteem (EQUAL)
stigma mark of esteem
stigma , ,
esteem abomination, odium, loathing, ignominy, abhor, disdain
odium , ; ,
estimable [stmbl] a.
1. possible to estimate
2. deserving of esteem; admirable
estimable : admiration :: questionable : doubt (disparage : contempt
)
estimable contemptible, infamous
estrange [istrind] v.t. ,
1. to make hostile, unsympathetic, or indifferent; alienate
2. to remove from an accustomed place or set of associations
* estragement n. , , ,
estrangement rapprochement, reconciliation
rapprochement [rpr:ma:] ,
reconciliation , ,
etch
[et] v. ; n. ,
1. a. to cut into the surface of (glass, for example) by the
action of acid
2. to impress, delineate, or imprint clearly
etch : corrosive :: glue : adhesive (CHARACTER)
eternal [it:rn:l] a. , ; ,
1. being without beginning or end; existing outside of time
2. continuing without interruption; perpetual
3. forever true or changeless
4. seemingly endless; interminable
5. of or relating to spiritual communion with God, especially
in the afterlife
eternal ephemeral
ethereal
[iril] a. , ; ; :
IMMATERIAL, INTANGIBLE
1. characterized by lightness and insubstantiality; intangible
2. highly refined; delicate
3. a. of the celestial spheres; heavenly b. not of this world;
spiritual
ethereal material, ponderous, worldly
ponderous , ; , ;
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ethics [iks] n.
logic : reasoning :: ethics : behavior (A B )
etymology [mldi|-ml-] n. ,
etymology : language :: genealogy : family (A B )
etymology : word :: genealogy : human :: physiology : body
genealogy ,
eulogize [jldiz] v.t. : EXTOL
: to praise highly in speech or writing
* eulogy n. , = eulogium
eulogium : invective :: (OPPOSITE)
eulogy : speech :: ode : poem
encomiast : eulogize :: quibbler : cavil
encomiast , a person who delivers or rites an
encomium; a eulogist
quibble , ;
eulogy : praise :: elegy : lament
panegyric : eulogize :: lampoon : satirize
panegyric /
satirize [striz] , to ridicule or attack by means
of satire
eulogy : admiration :: hymn : praise
hymn [him] , ;
encomium : eulogy :: discontent : complain
quatrain : stanza :: eulogy : speech (A B)
quatrain [kwtrein] 4 () a stanza or poem of four lines
stanza ,
eulogize pan, cavil, criticize, scathe
pan ; ; to criticize or review
harshly
eulogy stricture, defamation, vilification, criticism, accusation,
invective
stricture ; , a restraint, limit, or restriction; an
adverse remark or criticism
invective , , ,
euphemism [jfmzm] n.
: the substitution of an agreeable or inoffensive expression
for one that may offend or suggest something
unpleasant
equivocation : truth :: euphemism : offense :: obfuscation : clarity
obfuscate , ;
euphemism : offend :: invulnerability : injure
invulnerable , ; ,
euphemism : offense :: aphorism : diffuse
aphorism a tersely phrased statement of a truth or opinion; a
brief statement of a principle
diffuse ; ( )
euphonious [jufunis] a.
: pleasing or agreeable to the ear
euphonious : sound :: graceful : movement
cacophonous dulcet, euphonious
dulcet , pleasing to the ear; melodious
euphoria [jufri] n.
: a feeling of great happiness or well-being
satisfaction : euphoria :: (A << B)
euphoria depression / wretchedness, infelicity
evade [ivid] v.
1. to escape or avoid by cleverness or deceit
2. a. to avoid fulfilling, answering, or performing
3. to avoid giving a direct answer to
4. to baffle or elude
evade : answer :: goldbrick : work
goldbrick to shirk one's assigned duties or responsibilities
evade channel
channel to direct or guide along some desired course
evanescent [vnsnt] a. ,
: vanishing or likely to vanish like vapor
evanescent : permanence :: archaic : currency (WITHOUT
OPPOSITE)
evanescent : disappear, vanish :: pliant : yield :: periodic : recur (A = B
, )
(transparent : penetrate . (A = B , ))
evanescent : vanish :: consistent : perpetuate
perpetuate ; make perpetual; to prolong
the existence of
evanescence : transient :: complexity : convoluted
evanescent : enduring :: inert : react
evanescent : endure :: immutable : change (A B )
evanescent : permanence :: archaic : currency (A B )
evanescent enduring, abiding, lasting, permanent, perpetual
abiding , lasting for a long time; enduring
evasive [ivisiv] a. ; ,
1. inclined or intended to evade
2. intentionally vague or ambiguous; equivocal
evasive intended to, frank, candid, direct, forthright, honest, straight,
straightforward, unambiguous
evenhanded [vn-hndid] a. showing no partiality; fair
evenhanded lopsided, partial, unfair
lopsided , ( )
everlasting [vrlsti, -lst-] a. : ETERNAL
1. lasting forever; eternal
2. a. continuing indefinitely or for a long period of time b.
persisting too long; tedious
everlasting, interminable : duration :: countless, innumerable, myriad,
untold : number
myriad [mrid] constituting a very large, indefinite number;
innumerable
untold , ; ;
,
everlasting : permanence :: fitful : discontinuity (A B
, :)
fitful a. , , , ,
everlasting ephemeral
everyday [vridei] a. (daily), , ,
(ordinary), (commonplace)
everyday extraordinary, abnormal, exceptional, special, uncommon,
unexpected, unusual
evict
evacuate [ivkjuit] v. , ,
1. a. to empty or remove the contents of b. to create a
vacuum in
2. to excrete or discharge (waste matter), especially from
the bowels
3. a. to relinquish military possession or occupation of (a
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exaltation condemnation, degradation
exalt pillory, lower in status, condemn
pillory , ;
exalted humble
exasperate
evince [ivns] v.
: to show or demonstrate clearly; manifest
evince keep hidden, conceal, obscure, keep secret, conceal, hide
eviscerate [ivsrit] v.
1. To remove the entrails of; disembowel
2. To take away a vital or essential part of
evoke [ivuk] v.t. ; ;
1. to summon or call forth
2. to call to mind by naming, citing, or suggesting
3. to create anew, especially by means of the imagination
evoke fail to elicit, repress
elicit ,
ewe [ju:] n.
sheep : ewe :: swan : pen
pen cob
exacerbate [igzsrbit, ikss-] v.t. ;
:to increase the severity, violence, or bitterness of;
aggravate
exacerbate allay, palliate, mitigate, assuage, mollify
exacerbate ameliorate
allay ( ) , ( )
palliate , ;
exact [igzkt] v.; /; ()
1. to force the payment or yielding of; extort
2. to demand and obtain by or as if by force or authority
exact condone, forgive
exactness impreciseness
exactitude imprecision
exactitude , ; ,
exacting [igzkti] a. ;
1. making severe demands; rigorous
2. requiring great care, effort, or attention
exacting : satisfied :: vigilant : entrapped :: wary : gulled ::
indomitable : controlled (B = A)
wary [wri] , ;
gull , to deceive or cheat
exacting forgiving, lenient, compromising
exaggerate [igzdrit] v. : OVEREMPHASIZE
1. to represent as greater than is actually the case;
overstate
2. to enlarge or increase to an abnormal degree
anger : tirade :: exaggeration : hyperbole : pompous : bombast
tirade a long angry or violent speech, usually of a
censorious or denunciatory nature
exaggeration : caricature :: brevity : epigram : pithiness : aphorism
malicious : ill-will :: exaggerating : hyperbole (B A )
pithiness : aphorism :: exaggeration : caricature
pithy ; , precisely meaningful; forceful and
brief
exaggerated : hyperbole :: pompous : bombast
exaggerate minimize, downplay
exalt
[igzlt] v.t. (, ) , :
GLORIFY
1. to raise in rank, character, or status; elevate
2. to glorify, praise, or honor
3. to increase the effect or intensity of; heighten
excavate [kskvit] v. ,
: to expose to view by or as if by digging away a covering
1. to make a hole in; hollow out
2. to form by hollowing out
3. to remove by digging or scooping out
4. to expose or uncover by or as if by digging
excavate fill in, entangle
exceptional [ikspnl] a. ; ;
1. being an exception; uncommon
2. well above average; extraordinary
3. deviating widely from a norm, as of physical or mental
ability
commonplace, ordinary, prosaic exceptional, imaginary, exciting
excerpt [ksrpt] n. , : EXTRACT
a passage or segment taken from a longer work, such as a
literary or musical composition, a document, or a film
aside : digression :: summary : excerpt
excise [ksaiz, -sais|eksiz] ,
to remove by or as if by cutting
; excised the tumor
excise implant, embed
exclaim [iksklim] v. (, )
: to cry out suddenly or vehemently, as from surprise or
emotion
vehement ;
exclaim : utter :: flare : shine (A >> B)
excoriate [ikskriit] v. ;
1. to tear or wear off the skin of; abrade
2. to censure strongly; denounce
excoriation : glorification :: (OPPOSITE)
excoriation glorification
excoriate exalt, extol, praise lavishly, accolade, flatter, glorify
excrete [ikskrt] v.t. ,
: to separate and discharge (waste matter) from blood,
tissues, or organs
stomach : ingest :: lung : respiration
ingest , to take into the body by the mouth for
digestion or absorption
excrete ingest, absorb
excruciate [ikskr:iit] v.
1. to inflict severe pain on; torture
2. to inflict great mental distress on
excruciate exult
exult , ; (...)
excruciating [ikskriiti] a. ; ,
1. intensely painful; agonizing
2. very intense or extreme
gargantuan : large :: excruciating : painful (A >> B)
gargantuan [ga:rgntjun] , of immense size,
volume, or capacity; gigantic
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exemplary : imitation :: specious : doubt :: notable : attention
specious ;
exemplary : emulate :: portable : move (A = B )
exemplary : emulate :: redoubtable : regard
exemplary : imitation :: redoubtable : regard
redoubtable , ;
exemplar atypical example
exemplary reprehensible, culpable, inferior, mediocre, atypical
excursive [ikskrsiv] a. ; ;
: of, given to, characterized by, or having the nature of
digression
digress : excursive :: reiterate : redundant
reiterate ; to say or do again or
repeatedly
exemplify [igzmplfi] v. ; ;
1. a. to illustrate by example b. to serve as an example of
2. (law) to make a certified copy of (a document)
execrate : denounce :: exemplify : imitate (EQUAL)
harbinger : presage :: archetype : exemplify
harbinger ; , one that indicates or foreshadows what
is to come; a forerunner
presage , ; ,
archetype ,
corrective : amend :: paradigm : exemplify
amends ,
amend /
exempt [igzmpt] v.
: to free from an obligation, a duty, or a liability to which
others are subject
exempt : liability :: pardon : penalty
liability ,
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3. disposed to be open, communicative, and generous;
outgoing
4. grand in scale
* expand
expand : volume :: proliferate : number
expand : extent :: intensify : degree
expansive reserved, diffident, limited, taciturn, withdrawn
diffident , ;
expansive malicious
expedite
[kspdit] v.t. ; a. (
) ,
1. to speed up the progress of; facilitate
2. to perform quickly and efficiently
3. to issue officially; dispatch
expedite : process :: accelerate : pace
consensus : factionalism :: expedition : foot-dragging
foot-dragging
n. , ,
expedite retard
expedition [kspdn] , ; , ; ,
1. a. a journey undertaken by a group of people with a
definite objective b. the group undertaking such a journey
2. speed in performance; promptness
expedition : foot dragging :: consensus : factionalism (OPPOSITE)
expedition foot-dragging
expeditious foot-dragging, sluggish, laggard, leisurely
expertise n. /
1. expert advice or opinion
2. skill or knowledge in a particular area
selflessness : altruist :: expertise : connoisseur (B has A)
expiate [kspiit] v. ( ) ;
to make amends or reparation for; atone
expiate : guilt :: correct : error :: repose : fatigue
expire [ikspir] v. ; : DIE
1. to come to an end; terminate
2. to breathe one's last breath; die
3. to exhale; breathe out
expire come to life
explicate [ksplkit] v.
: to make clear the meaning of; explain
explicit [iksplsit] a. ,
: fully revealed or expressed without vagueness, implication.
or ambiguity
explicit obscure, immanent, inchoate
immanent
inchoate , ; ,
exploit [kspl it] n. , ,
: an act or deed, especially a brilliant or heroic one
exploit : heroic :: gaffe : tactless
exponent [ikspunnt] n. ; ,
1. one that expounds or interprets
2. one that speaks for, represents, or advocates
expound ; /
exponent : advocate :: pollster : canvass
pollster
canvass , ,
exponent detractor
detract (, ) , (, )
expound [ikspund] v. ; /
1. to give a detailed statement of; set forth
2. to explain in detail; elucidate
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[ikstnjuit] v.t. , :
MITIGATE
: to lessen or to try to lessen the seriousness or extent of by
making partial excuses
moderate : intensify :: extenuate : seriousness
moderate to lessen the violence, severity, or extremeness of
extenuating aggravating
exterminate
[ikstrmnit]
v.t.
[ikstgwi] v.t. ; ( ) :
QUENCH
1. to put out (a fire, for example); quench
2. to put an end to (hopes, for example); destroy
3 to obscure; eclipse
4. (law) a. to settle or discharge (a debt) b. to nullify
extinguish kindle, ignite
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faade nature ,
faade essence
facetious
[fss] a. , , :
WAGGISH
: playfully jocular; humorous
facetious : speech :: antic : behavior
antic , a ludicrous or extravagant act or
gesture
facetious earnest, lugubrious, ingenuous
lugubrious () ,
extrinsic [ekstrnsik] a. , ;
1. not forming an essential or inherent part of a thing;
extraneous
2. originating from the outside; external
extrinsic intrinsic, immanent, inherent, ingrained, elemental, innate
immanent ,
ingrained easily to change, extrinsic
ingrained , ; ,
facile
extrovert [kstrouvrt] n.
extrovert : outgoing :: perfectionist :: exacting
[igzbrnt] a. (, , ),
,
1. full of unrestrained enthusiasm or joy
2. lavish; extravagant
3. extreme in degree, size, or extent
4. growing, producing, or produced abundantly; plentiful
exuberant : happy :: soaked, drenched : wet, damp :: frigid : cool (A
>> B)
exuberant depressed, down, unexcited
ennui exuberance
ennui [:nwi] , ,
exuberant
v.
F
fable [fibl] n.
: a usually short narrative making an edifying or cautionary
point and often employing as characters animals that
speak and act like human beings
edify ,
fable : tale :: ditty : song
ditty , a simple song
fabricate [fbrikit] v.t. , ;
1. to make; create
2. to construct by combining or assembling diverse,
typically standardized parts
3. to concoct in order to deception
discompose : pacific, placid :: fabricate : authentic (OPPOSITE)
discompose ,
irritate : pacific :: fabricate : ingenuous
ingenuous , ;
fabricate annihilate, destroy (, )
fabricate tell the truth, be authentic, be genuine
fabrication true story
faade () , () , ;
[fsil]
a. , : SPECIOUS, SUPERFICIAL
[feid] v.
: To lose brightness, loudness, or brilliance gradually; dim
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[feint] a. ,
: lacking strength or vigor; performed, offered, or
accomplished weakly or languidly
stentorian faint
stentorian () extremely loud
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nicety : precision :: illusion : fantasy (EQUAL)
nicety , ;
fanatic [fntik] n.
: a person marked or motivated by an extreme, unreasoning
enthusiasm, as for a cause
fanatic : admirer :: zealot : adherent (A >> B)
fanatic : enthusiastic :: obstinate : firm :: imperious : authoritative
fanatic : devoted :: prude : proper (A >> B)
prude
fang [f] n. (, )
fang : tooth :: finger : digit
fantasy [fntsi] n. ,
illusion : fantasy :: nicety : precision (EQUAL)
fallacious [flis] a. , ; ,
1. containing or based on a fallacy
2. tending to mislead; deceptive
fallacious sound, valid, veracious, verifiable, veritable
veracious
1. honest; truthful
2. accurate; precise
veritable; being truly so called; real or genuine
farce [frs] n.
* farcical , ,
farce : performance :: limerick : poem
farce ; ,
limerick 5 ()
farcical serious
fallacy [flsi] n. ,
1. a false notion
2. a statement or an argument based on a false or an
invalid inference
3. incorrectness or reasoning or belief; erroneousness
4. the quality of being deceptive
disabuse : fallacy, miscomprehension :: cure : disease
disabuse () to free from a falsehood or
misconception
fallacy valid argument, valid reasoning, verity
fallacious verifiable, veritable, sound, valid, veracious
veritable being truly so called; real or genuine
verifiable possible to verify
veracious , ;
fallibility inerrancy
fallible ;
inerrancy freedom from error or untruths; infallibility
[fst, fst] n. a. ; ,
Firmly fixed or fastened: a fast grip.
fast : eat, eating :: respite : labor :: moratorium : activity, act : brake :
speed (A B )
respite (, ) , ; a usually short
interval of rest or relief
moratorium (, ) A suspension of an
ongoing or planned activity: a moratorium on the deployment of a new
weapon.
fast : consumption :: moratorium : activity :: repose : work :: repose :
labor
fast loosely attach
secure unfasten
fast not to be fixed
fallow [flou] a. () ;
1. plowed but left unseeded during a growing season
2. characterized by inactivity
fallow in use
falsehood [flshd] n.
corroborate : evidence :: calumniate : falsehood
corroborate to strengthen or support with other evidence;
make more certain
calumniate , to make maliciously or knowingly
false statements about
falter [fltr] v.t. , () ; ,
1. to be unsteady in purpose or action, as from loss of
courage or confidence; waver
2. to speak hesitatingly; stammer
3. a. to move ineptly or haltingly; stumble b. to operate or
perform unsteadily or with a loss of effectiveness
falter : act :: stammer : speak
falter proceed without hesitation
fantasy
[fntsi, -zi]
n. ,
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favor tease(), thwart, hurt, impede, prevent, criticize
favor derogation, hinder, dislike, object to
favorable a.
1. advantageous; helpful
2. encouraging; propitious
3. manifesting approval; commendatory
4. winning approval; pleasing
5. granting what has been desired or requested
6. indulgent or partial
favorable untoward
untoward , ; (improper)
favoritism [fivritzm] n. ,
1. A display of partiality toward a favored person or group.
2. The state of being held in special favor.
nepotism : favoritism :: embezzlement : fraud
embezzlement : fraud :: cronyism : favoritism
fawn [fn] v. n.
1. to exhibit affection or attempt to please, as a dog does by
wagging its tail, whining, or cringing
2. to seek favor or attention by flattery and obsequious
behavior
condescending : patronize :: obsequious : fawn
obsequious , full of or exhibiting servile compliance;
fawning
imperiousness : fawn :: self depreciatory : swagger
depreciatory , diminishing in value; disparaging;
belittling
swagger ;
fawn : hauteur :: self depreciate : swagger :: elaborate : sketchy
hauteur [hut:r] , haughtiness in bearing and attitude;
arrogance
fawn : imperiousness :: equivocate : directness :: elaborate : sketchy
sycophant : fawn :: pundit : opine :: miser : hoard
obsequious : fawn :: compliant : yield :: condescending : patronize
parsimonious : spend :: peremptory : fawn
peremptory , ;
reprobate : misbehave:: sycophant : fawn
reprobate a morally unprincipled person
misbehave to behave badly
eaglet : bird :: fawn : mammal
fawning : attentive :: garish : colorful (A >> B)
faze
fealty [f:lti] n. , ,
fealty perfidy
feasible [f :zbl] adj. , , ~
feasible impossible
featureless [f:trlis] adj. , ,
featureless distinctive, exceptional, prominent, singular, discernable
feckless
[fklis] a. , , : WEAK,
INEFFECTIVE
1. lacking purpose or vitality; feeble or ineffective
2. careless and irresponsible
feckless responsible (feckless responsive !)
faultfinder [f:ltf`aind:r] n.
: one who is given to petty criticism and constant complaint
faultfinder : criticize :: arbitrator : mediate
favor [fivr] n. , v. .
1. A gracious, friendly, or obliging act that is freely granted
2. To perform a kindness or service for; oblige
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ferment tranquility
ferrous [frs] a. ,
ferrous containing no iron
aqueous : water :: ferrous : iron
( : :: : )
fertilize [frtliz] v.t.
fertilize : grow :: immunize : resist
glue : seal :: manure : fertilize
manure ,
fervent [f:r:v:nt] a. , ; ,
1. having or showing great emotion or zeal; ardent
2. extremely hot; glowing
fervent dispassionate, languid
fervid [frvid] a.
1. marked by great passion or zeal
2. extremely hot; burning
fervid restrained, impassive
fervor [frvr] n.
1. great warmth and intensity of emotion
2. intense heat
ennui : enthusiastic :: fervor : apathetic (OPPOSITE)
fervor : zealot :: improvidence : spendthrift :: doubt : skeptic
improvident ; not providing for the future;
thriftless
fervor, effervescence : feeling :: fury : anger
fervor : dispassionate :: temerity : timid
zealotry lack of fervor
fervor, favor indifference, apathy
fender
feral
[frl] a. ; : WILD
1. a. existing in a wild or untamed state b. having returned
to an untamed state from domestication
2. of or suggestive of a wild animal; savage
wilderness : feral :: (CHARACTER)
feral cultivated, domesticated
fester
[fst:r]
fester heal
fetid
[ftid, ftid] a.
: having a heavy offensive smell
fetid : smell :: grating : sound :: ugly : appearance :: cacophonous ::
discordant : sound
fetid : odor :: sentimental : feeling (DEFECTIVE)
fetid having a pleasant smell
fetching [fti] a. ,
fetching unattractive
[ftr] n. ; , v. ~ ~
,
fetter
ferocious [frus] a. , ,
* ferocity n. , the state or quality of being
ferocious
* ferocious a. , ,
ferocity meekness
[frment] v. n. , ; , () :
AGITATION
: a state of unrest
1. something, such as a yeast, a bacterium, a mold, or an
enzyme, that causes fermentation
2. fermentation
3. a. a state of agitation or of turbulent change or
development b. an agent that precipitates or is capable
of precipitating such a state
ferment
v. () ; ;
feudal [fj:dl] a. ,
1. of, relating to, or characteristic of feudalism( )
2. of or elating to lands held in fee or to the holding of such
lands
fiasco [fiskou] n.
: a complete failure
fiasco a notable success, eclat, unalloyed success
clat [eikl:] , ; ,
fickle
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[fkl]
a. , ; ,
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filly : horse :: pullet : chicken
pullet
filter [fltr] n.
winnow : chaff :: filter : impurities
mosquito : netting :: impurity : filter
filthy [fili] a. , , , ,
filthiness : pristine :: (OPPOSITE)
finale [finli] n. ;
finale beginning, genesis, inception, initiation, opening scene, origin,
prologue, rise, root, source, start
genesis ; the coming into being of something; the origin
inception , the beginning of something, such as an
undertaking; a commencement
finch [fint] [, ]
finch : bird :: aspen : tree :: lizard : reptile :: orange : fruit :: eagle :
bird :: firefly : insect (A B )
aspen (, )
finesse [fins] n. ,
1. refinement and delicacy of performance, execution, or
artisanship
2. skillful, subtle handling of a situation; tactful, diplomatic
maneuvering
gauche : finesse :: spontaneous : planning (OPPOSITE)
gauche [gou] , ; ,
finesse ineptitude, heavy-handedness
inept , ;
finicky
[fniki] a. (, ) , ,
insisting capriciously on getting just what one wants;
difficult to please; fastidious
; A finicky eater
meticulous : finicky :: fluent : glib
finicky undiscriminating
undiscriminating 1. Lacking sensitivity, taste, or judgment.
2. Indiscriminate.
fir [f:r] n.
fir : tree :: wool : fiber (A B ) (lawn : grass )
fiscal [fskl] adj. ,
fiscal : finance :: pedagogical : teaching (political : law )
fissure [fr] n. , , , , v. ()
fissure unity
fit [fit] ,
fit inappropriate
fitful [ftfl] a. , , ; ()
,
: occurring in or characterized by intermittent bursts, as of
activity; irregular ; periodic
fitful continuous, constant, stable, steady, equable, appropriate,
decide, enduring
fitful : irregularity :: passive : inaction
fitful : discontinuity :: everlasting : permanence
fixed [fikst] a. , ,
1. firmly in position; stationary
2. determined; established; set
3. not subject to change or variation; constant
[fli] n.
: a young female horse
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[flksid] a. , ; ; FLABBY,
FLOPPY, FLAGGING
1. lacking firmness, resilience, or muscle tone
2. lacking vigor or energy
flaccidity : firmness :: durable : weariness (OPPOSITE)
durable ,
weary , ; ,
flaccidity firmness
flag
[flg] v. , , , ()
1. to hang limply; droop
2. to decline in vigor or strength
3. to decline in interest
flag : country :: trademark : company
flag : vigor :: waver : resolution
banner : flag :: (A is a kind of B)
flag wax
wax , , (, )
[fligrnt] adj. (, ) ,
; ,
1. Conspicuously bad, offensive, or reprehensible
2. Obsolete Flaming; blazing.
flagrant hidden, concealed, obscure, subtle
flam [flm] n. ,
1. a lie or hoax; a deception
2. nonsense; drivel
flam true story
flamboyant [flmbint] a. , ; showy
1 highly elaborate; ornate
2. richly colored; resplendent
3. marked by striking audacity or verve
4. given to ostentatious display; showy
furtive : openness :: flamboyant : reserve
flamboyant modest, restrained, plain, humble, understated,
subdued (1)
understated; exhibiting restrained good taste
subdued (, , ) ,
flamboyant natural (2)
flange [flnd] n. ; ()
: a protruding rim, edge, rib, or collar, as on a wheel or a
pipe shaft, used to strengthen an object, hold it in place,
or attach it to another object
[fl] n. , v. ,
1. an imperfection, often concealed, that impairs soundness
2. a defect or shortcoming in something intangible
3. a defect in a legal document that can render it invalid
glitch : flaw :: peccadillo : error, sin, offense
glitch a minor malfunction, mishap, or technical problem
impeccable : flaw :: ingenuous : guile (OPPOSITE)
impeccable ; having no flaws; perfect
ingenuous , ; ,
flawed impeccable
flax [flks]
n.
clay : porcelain :: flax : linen (A = B )
fledge [fled] v.t.( ); () ;
1. to take care of (a young bird) until it is ready to fly
2. to cover with or as if with feathers
3. to provide (an arrow) with feathers
* fledgling n. , adj. young, new, or
inexperienced
* fledged a. ,
* full-fledged
fledge molt
molt ,
fledgling experienced practitioner(), mature()
full-fledged defective
full-fledged incipient, nascent
flee
[fli:] v. ;
1. to run away, as from trouble or danger
2. to pass swiftly away; vanish
flee plod
fleeting [flti] a. ,
: passing quickly; ephemeral
fleeting : pass ::
perennial fleeting
perennial , ;
flexible
[flksbl] a. s; , :
PLIANT, TRACTABLE
1. a. capable of being bent or flexed; pliable b. capable of
being bent repeatedly without injury or
damage
2. susceptible to influence or persuasion; tractable
3. responsive to change; adaptable
* inflexible adj. , ,
flannel
[flnl] n. [ ]; (pl.)
flannel : cloth :: linen : fabric :: tin : metal
linen , ; ()
flatter
[fltr]
v.t.
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1. to move about rapidly and nimbly
2. to move quickly from one condition or location to another
nimble , ; ,
flit : move :: blurt : utter
blurt to utter suddenly and impulsively
flit plod, move ponderously, trudge
plod ;
flock [flk / flk] n. [, , ]
clique, coterie : intimates :: flock : sheep
herd : animals :: flock : birds
flock segregate
segregate /; ( )
floppy [flpi|flpi] a. ( ) , ( ) ,
flint [flint] n. ; ;
pestle : grind :: flint stone : spark
pestle , mortar
flippant [flpnt] a. ,
: marked by disrespectful levity or casualness; pert
pert , ,
flippant : respect, sincerity :: nonchalant : concern
nonchalant , ; , seeming to be coolly
unconcerned or indifferent
flip : respect :: nonchalant : concern (A=B )
flippancy seriousness, gravity, sobriety, austerity, solemnity
sobriety [sbriti] , ; ,
flippant reverential, earnest, grave, serious
[flrt] n. v.
(n.) v.
1. to make playfully romantic or sexual overtures
2. to deal playfully, triflingly, or superficially with
3. to move abruptly or jerkily
flirt : decency ::
decency , ; ,
supplicant : beseeching :: coquette : flirtatious ( : ::
: )
flirt
flit
[flit]
v.
flout
[flaut] v. (, , ) ,
: to show contempt for; scorn
; flout a teachers advice
flout : disregard :: taunt : challenge (A B )
taunt , to reproach in a mocking, insulting, or
contemptuous manner
flout heed, flatter, praise, compliment, comply
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[fl] v. (, ) ; ,
1. to turn red, as from fever, embarrassment, or strong
emotion; blush
2. to glow, especially with a reddish color
3. to flow and spread suddenly and abundantly, as from
containment; flood
4. to be emptied or cleaned by a rapid flow of water, as a
toilet
galvanize : stimulate :: irrigate : flush
irrigate , ;
fluster [flstr] v.
: to make or become nervous or upset
flustered calm
fluvial [flvil] a. ; ()
1. of, relating to, or inhabiting a river or stream
2. produced by the action of a river or stream
fluvial : river :: sidereal : star :: arboreal : tree :: sylvan : forest ::
terrestrial : earth (aerial : star )
sidereal ,
sylvan , ;
flux n. , v. , , , FLOW
flux stability, solidity, stasis
focus [fuks] v. , ~ ,
focus radiate
foible [fib-l] n. , : WEAKNESS
1. a minor weakness or failing of character
2. the weaker section of a sword blade, from the middle to
the tip
squabble : dispute :: foible : failing (A << B)
squabble
squabble : quarrel :: foible : failing (A << B)
tiff : squabble :: foible : failing (A << B)
tiff , ;
foible : fault, flaw :: quibble : objection
foil
n. , () v. , ;
,
v. 1. to prevent from being successful; thwart
2. to obscure or confuse (a trail or scent) so as to evade
pursuers
foil : metal :: veneer : wood
foil abet, alleviate, implement, soothe
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plumage : bird :: foliage : bush
plumage (), ; ()
folly
[fli / fli] n. ,
1. a lack of good sense, understanding, or foresight
2. a. an act or instance of foolishness b. a costly undertaking
having an absurd or ruinous outcome
folly sagacity
sagacity , the quality of being discerning, sound in judgment,
and farsighted
[fil]
foliage [fuliid] n. ;
1. a. plant leaves, especially tree leaves, considered as a
group b. a cluster of leaves
2. an ornamental representation of leaves, stems, and
flowers, especially in architecture
forbearance [fo:rb':rns]
forbearance impatience
n. , ; ;
forbidding [frbdi] a. , ; ,
1. tending or threatening to impede progress
2. unpleasant; disagreeable
ford
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[frd] n.
: a shallow place in a body of water, such as a river, where
one can cross by walking or riding on an animal or in a
vehicle
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formidable : intimidate :: (A B)
overcome : formidable ::
formidable comforting, simple, reassuring, enticing, genial, negligible,
reassuring
[frmidb-l] a. , ,
, ,
1. arousing fear, dread, or alarm
2. inspiring awe, admiration, or wonder
3. difficult to undertake, surmount, or defeat
[f:rtei] n. , ; ( foible)
1. something in which a person excels
2. the strong part of a sword blade, between the middle and
the hilt(, )
forte weak point
forthright [frrit] a. ,
: direct and without evasion; straightforward
acrid : gentleness :: forthright : guile
acrid ( ) ;
furtive open, forthright, brassy
brassy ; ; ,
deceive be forthright
forthright backhanded
backhanded ; , oblique or
roundabout
fortify [frtfi] v.t. : ENCOURAGE
: to make strong
debilitated fortified
vitiate fortify
vitiate ,
enervate, vitiate fortify, strengthen
vitiate ; /
fortuitous [f :rtj(:)its] a. ,
1. Happening by accident or chance: accidental.
2. Usage Problem. a. Happening by a fortunate accident or
chance. b. Lucky or fortunate.
fortuitous planned in advance, planned ahead, previously planned
foster [f()str, fs-] v.t. : ENCOURAGE
1. to bring up; nurture
2. to promote the growth and development of; cultivate
3. to nurse; cherish
cherish , ; ( )
foster retract, stifle, thwart
stifle , ; , ; ; ()
[fundr] v.t. ; ; , ()
: SINK
1. to sink below the water
2. to cave in; sink
3. to fail utterly; collapse
foundation : building :: root : tree
founder stay aloft, keep afloat
aloft in or into a high place; high or higher up
founder
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founder succeed
foundry [fundri] n. ;
mill : grain :: foundry : metal
blacksmith : foundry :: artist : studio :: chemist : lab
blacksmith
fracas [friks / frk] (), ,
: a noisy, disorderly fight or quarrel
fracas peaceful discussion
fractious [frks] a. , , ,
fraternizing unrelated to
fraternize estrange, shun
fraud [fr :d] n. , ; , ; ,
1. a deception deliberately practiced in order to secure unfair
or unlawful gain
2. a piece of trickery; a trick
3. a. one that defrauds; a cheat b. one who assumes false
pose; an impostor
fraudulent [frdulnt] a. , : DECEITFUL
1. engaging in fraud; deceitful
2. characterized by, constituting, or gained by fraud
authenticity : fraudulent :: sincerity : hypocritical (OPPOSITE)
hypocrisy
hoax : fraudulent :: paragon : excellent
hoax () ;
fraught [fr :t] a. , ...(, )
1. filled with a specified element or elements; charged
2. fully provided
marked by distress; upsetting
fraught : placid :: baffling : perspicuous (OPPOSITE)
placid , ,
fraught devoid, lacking, calm, hale, robust, vigorous
freak [frik] n.
1. a sudden and odd or seemingly pointless idea or turn of
the mind
2. a seemingly capricious action or event
freckle [frkl] n. , ,
freckle : skin, face :: pinstripe : fabric
freelancer [frlnsr, -lnsr] n.
: a person who pursues a profession without a long-term
commitment to any one employer
freelance n.
freelance(r) : employer :: nomad : domicile
nomad ;
domicile , ; 1. a residence; a home 2. one's legal
residence
[frhwl] vi. ( )
;
1. to continue turning or spinning after disengagement from
the drive mechanism
2. to live or move freely and sometimes aimlessly or
irresponsibly
3. to operate independently or free of restraints
freewheel
[freil] a. ; , ;
1. physically weak; delicate
2. not strong or substantial; slight
3. easily broken or destroyed; fragile
4. easily led astray; morally weak
spindly : frailty :: limber : flexibility
spindly slender and elongated, especially in a way that
suggests weakness
frail not easy to crumb, firm, hale
frailty hardness, stamina, sinew
frenetic [frintik] a. ,
: wildly excited or active; frantic; frenzied
* frenetic = frantic
energetic : frenetic :: firm : obdurate :: firm : obstinate :: careful :
meticulous :: frugal : penurious (A << B)
obdurate ,
interrogatory ,
frenetic, frantic composed, uninterested, sober, composed
frenetic moderate
frenzy [frnzi] n. ,
1. a state of violent mental agitation or wild excitement
2. temporary madness or delirium
3. a mania; a craze
convulsion : contraction :: frenzy : emotion
convulsion ; ; (, ) ,
calm : frenzy :: serene : tumultuous (OPPOSITE)
calmness : frenzy :: abandon : inhibition
abandon n. a complete surrender of inhibitions
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frequency [fr:kwnsi] n. , ; , ;
* frequent v.t. , ; .
; He enjoys sports, and frequents the gym.
: to pay frequent visits to; be in or at often
frequency : pitch :: wavelength : color
frequent avoid, shun, visit rarely (), stay away from
frequency rarity
frill [fril] n. , , v.
frill : superfluity :: void, vain : vacuity, vanity, absence :: germane :
pertinency (A B )
frill : luxurious ::
frill economy, thrift, austerity, frugality
fresco [frskou] n.
fresco : wall :: parquetry : floor
parquetry ( )
[fret] v. ,
: to become vexed or worried
draconian : inclemency :: fretting : vexation
inclement [inklmnt] , ;
fret assuage
fringe [frind]
fringe center
n. () ; , ,
fritter [frtr] v. , n. ,
: to spend or waste bit by bit, on trifles, or without
commensurate return - usually used with away
fritter conserve
fret
fretful [frtfl] a. ,
1. inclined to be vexed or troubled; peevish
2. marked by worry and distress; troublesome
fretful displaying equanimity, equanimous, pleasing, conciliating,
relaxed
equanimity; , (calmness)
fretwork [frtw:rk] n.
1. ornamental work consisting of three-dimensional frets;
geometric openwork
2. such ornamental work represented two dimensionally by
chiaroscuro
fretwork : ornamentation :: oil : lubricant (A B )
friable [frib-l] a.
: easily crumbled; brittle
friable : crumble :: malleable : alter :: lucid : comprehend
malleable ( ) ; ,
impervious : friable :: nonflammable : combustible (OPPOSITE)
impervious , ;
combustible ;
friable not easily crumbled, resistant to be pulverized, substantial,
difficult to be crumbled, unable to crumble, hard to be pulverized
pulverize , to pound, crush, or grind to a
powder or dust; to demolish
friction [frk-n] n.
1. the rubbing of one object or surface against another
2. conflict, as between persons having dissimilar ideas or
interests; clash
friction : oil, lubricant :: mobility : splint (B A )
abraded : friction :: desiccated : dehydration :: vaporized : heat
friendship [frndp]
friendship hostility
n. , ,
frieze [friz] n. ()
frieze : building :: illumination : manuscript
illumination
manuscript ;
frieze : ornament :: pillar : support
frigid [frdid] a. ; ,
1. extremely cold
2. lacking warmth of feeling
3. stiff and formal in manner
4. persistently averse to sexual intercourse
frivolous [frvls] a. ;
1. unworthy of serious attention; trivial
2. inappropriately silly
frivolous : gravity :: brash : discretion (OPPOSITE)
brash , ; ,
frivolous somber, grave, sober, temperate
somber ; ; serious; grave
sober ; ; ,
temperate ,
frivolousness temperance, grandeur
temperance , , ,
grandeur , ,
frond
frond
fern
frond
[frnd] n. (, )
: fern :: needle : pine
adj.
frugal [frg-l] a. ,
1. practicing or marked by economy, as in the expenditure of
money or the use of material resources
2. costing little; inexpensive
parsimony : frugality :: hubris : pride (A >> B)
hubris , overbearing pride or presumption; arrogance
frugal : penurious :: deferential : sycophantic :: firm : obdurate ::
complaint : obsequious (A << B, B )
frugal : miserly :: confident : arrogant :: wary : paranoid (A << B, B
)
frugal : parsimonious :: attentive : obsequious
frugal : stingy :: (combative : aggressive lenient : lax
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frugal prodigal, sumptuous
sumptuous , ; ,
frugality extravagancy, prodigality
frustrate [frstreit] v.
1. a. to prevent from accomplishing a purpose or fulfilling a
desire; thwart b. to cause feelings of
discouragement or bafflement in
2. to make ineffectual or invalid; nullify
frustrate abet
full-bodied [flbdid / -bd-] a. ;
1. having richness and intensity of flavor or aroma
2. rich and intense
full-bodied : flavor :: resonant : sound : topical : currency ::
germane : pertinency
resonant () , ;
fulminate [flmnit] v. ;
1. to issue a thunderous verbal attack or denunciation
2. to explode or detonate
* fulmination n.
fulminate : criticize :: adulate : flatter
adulate to praise or admire excessively; fawn on
flatter to compliment excessively and often insincerely, especially to
win favor
fulminate : denunciation :: prevaricate : misrepresentation
fulmination praise
fury
fuse
[fju:z] v. , ,
1. to liquefy or reduce to a plastic state by heating; melt
2. to mix (constituent elements) together by or as if by
melting; blend
fuse rend
rend ,
fuss
fulsome [flsm, fl-] a. ( ) ,
1. offensively flattering or insincere
2. offensive to the taste or sensibilities
courageous : bravado :: complimentary : fulsomeness (A << B)
bravado ;
fumble [fmb-l] v. ;
1. to touch or handle nervously or idly
2. to grope awkwardly to find or to accomplish something
3. to proceed awkwardly and uncertainly; blunder
fumble : maladroit ::
fumble handle adroitly
fungible [fndb-l] adj.
: being of such a nature that one part or quantity may be
replaced by another equal part or quantity in the
satisfaction of an obligation
fungible unique
fungus [fndai, fgai]
fungi : ecologist
n. (, )
:: motivation : psychologist
[fs] v. , ;
1. to trouble or worry over trifles
2. to be excessively careful or solicitous
3. to get into or be in a state of nervous or useless
4. to object; complain
assert : belabor :: tend : fuss (A << B)
: :: , : ,
fustian [fstn|-tin] n. () a. , (
)
fustian : bombast :: vile : turpitude
turpitude n. ,
fusty [fsti] a. ; ,
: rigidly old-fashioned or reactionary
1. smelling of mildew( ) or decay; musty
2. old-fashioned; antique
musty , ; , ;
fusty fresh
fusty : freshness :: plebeian : prestige
plebeian a. , n. ,
futility
[fjutlti] n. , , ; / :
USELESSNESS
1. the quality of having no useful result; uselessness
2. lack of importance or purpose; frivolousness
3. a futile act
bootless : futility :: effulgent : resplendence :: void : empty (EQUAL)
bootless , without advantage or benefit; useless
effulgent , shining brilliantly; resplendent
interesting : intriguing :: bootless : futile (EQUAL)
futile efficacious, wholesome
efficacious
futility effectiveness
[frtiv] a. , : SURREPTITIOUS,
CLANDESTINE
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G
gadfly [gdfli] n.
1. a persistent, irritating critic; a nuisance
2. one that acts as a provocative stimulus; a goad
3.
nuisance , ; one that is inconvenient,
annoying, or vexatious; a bother
gadfly : goad :: humorist : amuse
goad n. ; v. ; ,
annoying : gadfly :: rude : churl
churl ; a rude, boorish person
gadget [gdit] n. ;
: a small specialized mechanical or electronic device
gadgets : tools :: trinkets : jewelry
trinket ;
gaffe [gf] n. ,
: a clumsy social error; blatant mistake or misjudgment
gaffe : social :: malapropism : verbal
malapropism ludicrous misuse of a word, especially by confusion with
one of similar sound
gaffe : tactless :: exploit : heroic (CHARACTER)
exploit , ,
tact ,
miscalculation : judgment :: gaffe : decorum
decorum , ;
illusion : perception :: gaffe : judgment
gainful [ginfl] a. , ;
: providing a gain; profitable
gainful unremunerative
remunerative , (profitable);
gainsay [ginsi] v. ,
1. to declare false; deny
2. to oppose, especially by contradiction
; There is no ~ing his innocence
.
gainsay affirm, conform, confirm, assent to, aver, speak in support
of, concur, validate
aver; to affirm positively; declare
gait
[geit] n. ,
1. a particular way or manner of walking or moving on foot
2. rate or manner of proceeding
gait : walk :: parlance : speak :: mnemonic : remember
parlance , ;
galaxy [glksi] n.
galaxy : stars :: archipelago : island
archipelago [:rkplgu] ; ,
gall [go:l] v. () ; n. ,
stately , ,
gallant craven, pusillanimous
gallantry cowardliness, rudeness, discourtesy, insult
galley [gli] n. ; ,
: the kitchen of an airliner or a ship
galley : ship :: kitchen : house
galling [gli] a. : VEXING
: causing extreme irritation or chagrin; vexing
galling placating, pacifying, appeasing, mollifying
placate , ; () to ally the anger of,
especially by making concessions
galvanize [glvniz] v. ; ;
1. to stimulate or excite as if by an electric current
2. to arouse to awareness or action; spur
3. to coat (iron or steel) with rust-resistant zinc
galvanize : stimulate :: irritate : flush
flush () ; ()
irritate to rouse to impatience or anger; annoy
galvanize lull, allay
allay ( ) ; ()
gamble [gmbl] v. ; ,
: to engage in reckless or hazardous behavior
adamant : yield :: cautious : gamble
adamant , impervious to pleas, appeals, or reason;
stubbornly unyielding
gambol [gmbl] v.
: to leap about playfully; frolic
gambol plod, slog
plod , ;
gangling, gangly [ggli] a.
: awkwardly tall or long-limbed; rangy
rangy ,
gangly stalwart
gangway [gwi] n. ; (, )
gangway : ship :: drawbridge : castle
garble [grbl] v. ; ,
1. to mix up or distort to such an extent as to make
misleading or incomprehensible
2. to scramble (a signal or message), as by erroneous
encoding or faulty transmission
correct : accurate :: garble : unintelligible
ramshackle : soundness :: garbled : clarity
ramshackle ; ;
garbled : comprehend :: obscured : recognized
garble elucidate, report accurately, report exactly
elucidate to make clear or plain, especially by explanation; clarify
gargantuan [grgntun] a. ,
: of immense size, volume, or capacity; gigantic
gargantuan : large :: excruciating : painful (A >> B)
excruciate
minute, minuscule gargantuan
minuscule ; ,
gargoyle [g:rg il] n. . ,
gargoyle : grotesque :: (A B )
garish [gri] a.
1. a. marred by strident color or excessive ornamentation;
gaudy b. loud and flashy
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[g] n.
1. a long, deep cut
2. a deep flesh wound
cleft : chasm :: cut : gash (A << B)
chasm
gasification [gsfikin] n. ,
gasification, vaporization solidification
gauche [gou] a. : CRUDE
: lacking social experience or grace; tactless
gaucherie , , , ,
gauche : finesse :: spontaneous : planning (A B , :)
cacophony : voice :: gaucherie : skill
gaucheness polish, graceful
polish ,
gaudy [gdi] a. ()
: showy in a tasteless or vulgar way
gaudy : apparel :: grandiloquent : speak, language
grandiloquence pompous or bombastic speech or
expression
gauge
[geid] v. ,
1. to measure precisely
2. to determine the capacity, volume, or contents of
3. to evaluate or judge
4. to adapt to a specified measurement
5. to mix (plaster) in specific proportions
6. to chip or rub (bricks or stones) to size
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immeasurable : gauge :: inexorable : stop (irrealizable : describe
)
scale : weight :: measure : dimensions :: calibrate : diameter :: plumb :
depth :: gauge : pressure
gaunt a. (, ) , ,
gaunt hale, corpulent, obese, portly
portly () ,
gawky [gki] adj.
: awkward, clumsy
gawky adept
gear [gir] n.
gear : tooth :: screw : thread (A B)
gelid [dlid] adj.
: extremely cold : ICY
gelid steamy
genealogy [dnildi, -l-, dn-] n. , ; ,
1. a record or table of the descent of a person, family, or
group from an ancestor or ancestors; a family tree
2. direct descent from an ancestor; lineage or pedigree
3. the study or investigation of ancestry and family histories
pedigree , ; , ,
generality [dnrlti] n.
* generic a. ,
ecumenical : generality :: entire : integrity
ecumenical , of worldwide scope or applicability;
universal
generic specific
generosity [dnrsti] n. ,
1. liberality in giving or willingness to give
2. nobility of thought or behavior; magnanimity
3. amplitude; abundance
4. a generous act
generosity stinginess
genial [dnjl, -nil] a. , , ; ,
1. having a pleasant or friendly disposition or manner; cordial
and kindly
2. conducive to life, growth, or comfort; mild
resourceful : inventiveness :: philanthropic : geniality
genial : bonhomie :: diplomatic : tact
bonhomie [bnm:] ,
genial : joviality :: diplomatic : tact (A B )
genial caustic, dyspeptic, mordant, truculent, bellicose
dyspeptic ;
mordant , bitingly sarcastic; bitingly painful
truculent , ; ,
caustic palliating, genial
dour congenial, genial
dour
genteel [dentl] a. ; , POLITE
1. refined in manner; well-bred and polite
2. free from vulgarity or rudeness
3. elegantly stylish
4. a. striving to convey a manner or an appearance of
refinement and respectability b. marked by affected and
somewhat prudish refinement
genteel : vulgarity :: intrepid : fear : unscrupulous : qualm (A
B )
intrepid , resolutely courageous; fearless
truculent : gentleness :: unregenerate : remorse
truculent , ; ,
unregenerate (unrepentant),
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gist trivial point, tangential point
glacial [glir, glisjr] a. ; ;
1.a. Of, relating to, or derived from a glacier. b. Suggesting
the extreme slowness of a glacier
; Work proceeded at a glacial pace.
2.a. Characterized or dominated by the existence of glaciers.
Used of a geologic epoch. b. Pleistocene.
3.Extremely cold; icy: glacial waters. See synonyms at cold.
4.Having the appearance of ice.
5.a. Lacking warmth and friendliness: a glacial stare.
b. Coldly detached: a glacial composure
glacier; a huge mass of ice slowly flowing over a land mass,
formed from compacted snow in an area where snow
accumulation exceeds melting and sublimation
glacial : slow :: glacial : cold :: labyrinth : complicate
glacier : ice :: inferno : heat(fire)
glacier : ice :: sea : water
glade [gleid] n.
: an open space surrounded by woods
1. an open space in a forest
2. an everglade
everglade a tract of marshland, usually under water and covered
in places with tall grass
oasis : desert :: glade : wood
gladiator [gldiitr] n. ;
gladiator : arena :: lawyer : courtroom
glamorize
[glmriz] v.t. ; :
ROMANTICIZE
1. to make glamorous
2. to treat or portray in a romantic manner; idealize or glorify
glamorous , ;
gibe
glaring
[glri] a. , ; ; , ;
glaze [gleiz] v. , ;
: to give a smooth, lustrous surface to
glaze : porcelain :: varnish : wood
varnish , , ; ,
glaze rumple
rumple , to wrinkle or form into folds or creases
glee
[gli] ,
: jubilant delight; joy
glee lamentation, mourning, sadness
glib
[dist] n. : ESSENCE
1. the center idea; the essence
2. (law) the grounds for action in a sit
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[glib] a. , ;
1. a. performed with a natural, offhand ease b. showing little
thought, preparation, or concern
2. marked by ease and fluency of speech or writing that often
suggests or stems from insincerity, superficiality, or
deceitfulness
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[gouldbrk] n. , ;
vi.
to shirk one's assigned duties or responsibilities
evade : answer :: goldbrick : work
goodwill [gdwl] n. , ; ,
1. an attitude of kindness or friendliness; benevolence
2. cheerful acquiescence or willingness
3. a good relationship, as of a business enterprise with its
customers or a nation with other nations
goodwill spleen, rancor
spleen , ; , = ill temper
rancor ; bitter, long-lasting resentment; deep-seated ill will
gorge [grd] vi. () : GLUT
1. to stuff with food; glut
2. to devour greedily
reticent : talk :: abstemious : gorge
reticent , ;
gossamer [gsmr / gs-] n. a. ()
: something light, delicate, or insubstantial
[grft, grft] v. ,
1. a. to unite (a shoot or bud) with a growing plant by
insertion or by placing in close contact b. to join (a plant
or plants) by such union
2. to transplant or implant (living tissue, for example)
surgically into a bodily part to replace a damaged part or
compensate for a defect
107
a. : FREE
[grtjts] a. , (unwarranted),
(unjustified),
1. given or granted without return or recompense;
unearned
2. given or received without cost or obligation; free
3. unnecessary or unwarranted; unjustified
gratuitous : justification ::
gratuitous earned, paid
gratuitous based, well-founded
gratuitous justified, warranted, justifiable, merited, deserved
warrant , ; ,
deserved ,
gratuitous
grave
[greiv] n. , a. , ; ; ;
v.
1. requiring serious thought; momentous
2. fraught with danger or harm
3. dignified and somber in conduct or character
4. somber or dark in hue
grave insignificant, trivial
grave flippant, giddy, droll
giddy ,
[grv:l] n. () v. ,
, a.
* gravelly , , a gravelly
voice
gravel : pebble :: crowd : person : bouquet : flower
gravel, gravelly mellifluous
gravelly mellifluous
gravelly ( )
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,
experience : green :: pelf : impecunious
pelf , ()
inexperience : green :: pertinacity : refractory
pertinacious , ,
gregarious [grigris] a. , : SOCIAL
1. seeking and enjoying the company of others; sociable
2. tending to move in or form a group with others of the
same kind
poseur : sincerity :: recluse : gregariousness
poseur [pouz:r]
recluse; a person who withdraws from the world to live in seclusion and
often in solitude
gregarious aloof, prefer solitude, reserved, unsociable, antogonistic
aloof , distant physically or emotionally; reserved and
remote
grievous [grvs] a. , ,
1. causing grief, pain, or anguish
2. serious or dire; grave
grieve to cause to be sorrowful; distress
dire , ; ,
smart : pain :: grieve : sorrow
smart ;
solace : grief :: pacification : anger
solace [sls] ( ) comfort in sorrow, misfortune, or
distress; consolation
grievous slight, joyous
grift [grift] v. ()
grill
[grvs] v. ;
: to question intensely
1. to broil on a gridiron()
2. to torture or afflict as if by broiling
3. (informal) to question relentlessly; cross-examine
4. to mark or emboss with a gridiron
question : grill :: (A << B)
gravel
gravity [grvti] n. ; , ; ,
1. grave consequence; seriousness or importance
2. solemnity or dignity of manner
frivolous : gravity :: brash : discretion
frivolous , ; ,
brash ; ,
droll, insignificant grave
droll , amusingly odd or whimsically comical
flippancy, giddiness gravity
flippant ; marked by disrespectful levity or
casualness; pert
giddy , ;
greedy [gri:di]
1. excessively desirous of acquiring or possessing,
especially wishing to possess more than what one needs
or deserves
2. wanting to eat or drink more than one can reasonably
consume; gluttonous
3. extremely eager or desirous
greed aversion, distaste, temperance
greedy generous
green
a. ; ; , ; , ;
[grin] vi. ,
: to draw back the lips and bare the teeth, as in mirth or good
humor
pout grin
pout ,
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growl : guttural ::
grudge [grd] n. , ,
: a deep-seated feeling of resentment or rancor
grudge goodwill
grueling [grli] ; ,
: physically or mentally demanding to the point of exhaustion
grueling effortless, easy, pleasing
effortless : ,
gruesome [gr:sm] , ; GHASTLY,
HORRIBLE
: causing horror and repugnance; frightful and shocking: a
gruesome murder
gruesome : repugnance :: sublime : awe (A B )
gruff [gr f] a. , ,
1. brusque or stern in manner or appearance: a gruff reply
2. hoarse; harsh: a gruff voice
gruffness : convival ::
gruff : congenial ::
gruff amenable
grumble [grmbl] v. ,
1. to complain in a surly manner; mutter discontentedly
2. to rumble or growl
grumble : discontent :: crow : exultation (warn : danger, snub : envy
)
guarantee [grnt] v.t.
vouch refuse to guarantee
vouch ;
guile
[gail] n. , : DUPLICITY
: treacherous cunning; skillful deceit
* guileless
acrid : gentleness :: forthright : guile (OPPOSITE)
acrid (, ) ;
blemish : impeccable :: guile : artless (OPPOSITE)
blemish , , to mar or impair by a flaw
impeccable : flaw :: ingenuous : guile (OPPOSITE)
guile : artless :: blemish : flawless (OPPOSITE)
gullible : chicanery :: servile : domination
gullible , easily deceived or duped
chicanery , deception by trickery or sophistry
guile : naif :: tardy : prompt :: sensibility : boor :: purpose : aimless
(OPPOSITE)
naif, naive ; ,
artless cunning, guile
guileless manipulative, artful, disingenuous
manipulative ;
grove [grouv] n. ;
1. a small wood or stand of trees that lacks dense
undergrowth
2. a group of trees planted and cultivated for the
production of fruit or nuts
grove : trees :: archipelago : islands
grovel
guilt
[gilt] n. , : SELF-REPROACH
1. the fact of being responsible for the commission of an
offense
2. (law) culpability for a crime or lesser breach of regulations
that carries a legal penalty
3. a. remorseful awareness of having done something wrong
b. self-reproach for supposed inadequacy or wrongdoing
4. guilty conduct; sin
narcissism : love :: guilt : blame (A >> B)
blame , ; ( )
guilt : expiation :: fatigue : repose
expiation ( /)
growl
v. , , ;
1. to emit a low, guttural sound or utterance
2. to speak in an angry or surly manner
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innocence guilt
gullible [glbl] a.
: easily duped or cheated
compliant : servile :: trusting : gullible (A << B)
gullible : chicanery :: servile : domination
gullibility : discernment :: ambivalence : commitment :: misconduct :
rectitude (deft : competence )
gullible : credulity ::
vigilant : entrapped :: exacting : satisfied :: wary : gulled (A = B
)
wary , on guard; watchful; characterized by caution
gullible suspicious, untrusting
gully
[gli] n. , ;
: a deep ditch or channel cut in the earth by running water
after a prolonged downpour
mountain : gully ::
gully : erosion :: callus : friction (dewdrop : evaporation )
[hk] v. , ; (, ) , ;
( ) ,
1. to cut or chop with repeated and irregular blows
2. to break up the surface of (soil)
n. a person who works solely for
mercenary reasons
mercenary : soldier :: hack : writer
mercenary ; ( )
hack : carve :: gouge : engrave (A >> B)
engrave ,
gulp [g lp] v. , ; ,
1. to swallow greedily or rapidly in large amounts
2. to choke back by or as if by swallowing
gum [gm] n.
resin : tree :: gum : rubber plant
resin ;
gush
[g] n. v. ()
1. to flow forth suddenly in great volume
2. to emit a sudden and abundant flow, as of tears
3. to make an excessive display of sentiment or enthusiasm
blast : whiff :: gush : trickle
whiff ,
trickle () , ; ,
gust
[gst] n.
1. a strong, abrupt rush of wind
2. a sudden burst, as of rain or smoke
3. an outburst of emotion
gust : wind :: cloudburst : rainfall :: flare : light :: yank : pull (
suddenly B =A)
yank
cloudburst ; a sudden, heavy rainstorm; a downpour
H
habit
[hbit]
hackneyed [hknid] a.
: overfamiliar through overuse; trite; lacking in freshness or
originality
windy : concise :: hackneyed : original (OPPOSITE)
windy ; , ; , ;
[heil] a. , : SOUND
: free from defect, disease, or infirmity; sound
hale infirm, effete, blighted, wan, anemic, decrepit, frail, gaunt
effete [if:t] ,
blight ; ,
wan [wan] , ; , ; ( )
anemic ;
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a. ; ,
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: CRIPPLE
1. to cut the hamstring of (an animal or a person) and
thereby cripple
2. to make ineffective or powerless; to destroy or hinder the
efficiency of; frustrate
hamstring : effectiveness, efficaciousness :: enervate : vitality,
strength :: retard : process (B A )
hamstring mafke efficient
[hmstr]
v.t. ( ) ;
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a. ;
hard-line [hrdlin]
: firm and uncompromising, as in policy, position, or stance
hard-liner compromise
hardy [hrdi] a. ; , ;
1. being in robust and sturdy good health
2. courageous; intrepid
3. brazenly daring; audacious
4. capable of surviving unfavorable conditions, such as cold
weather or lack of moisture
hardy feeble, tender, infirm, whimsical
hardness frailty
harebrained [hrbrind] a. , : FOOLISH
foolish; flighty
harebrained deliberate, sober, patient, grave, judicious, sensible,
sapient
harmonious [hrmunis] a.
1. exhibiting accord in feeling or action
2. having component elements pleasingly or appropriately
combined
3. characterized by harmony of sound; melodious
* harmony n.
harmony : congruity :: clandestine : secrecy
harmonious acrimonious, cacophonous
acrimonious , , bitter and sharp in language
or tone; rancorous
harmony discord, contention
harness [hrnis] v.t. () ;
1. a. to put a harness on b. to fasten by the use of a harness
2. to bring under control and direct the force of
harness fail to utilize
harp [hrp] n.
horn : blow :: harp : pluck
harrow [hrou] v. () /; ,
[hri] v. ; () ; n. ,
,
My publisher is ing me to write another book.
.
1. to disturb or distress by or as if by repeated attacks;
harass
2. to raid, as in war; sack or pillage
harry : pacific ::
harry comfort, mollify, untrouble, appease, leave undisturbed,
112
[hivn]
, ;
[heiz] n. ; ( )
1. a. atmospheric moisture, dust, smoke, and vapor that
diminishes visibility b. a partially opaque covering
2. a vague or confused state of mind
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hectic calm
hedge [hed] n. ; ( )
1. a row of closely planted shrubs or low-growing trees
forming a fence or boundary
2. a linen of people or objects forming a barrier
3. a. a means of protection or defense, especially against
financial loss b. a securities transaction that reduces the
risk on an existing investment position
4. an intentionally noncommittal or ambiguous statement
* hedgerow
hedgerow : fence :: arbor : shelter (A B, A B )
hedge : loss :: quarantine : contamination
quarantine ( ) ;
safeguard : accident :: hedge : loss
hedonism [hdnzm] n.
: pursuit of or devotion to pleasure, especially to the
pleasures of the senses
* hedonist; a person whose life is devoted to the pursuit of
pleasure and self-gratification
* hedonic [hidnik] a. ,
1. of, relating to, or marked by pleasure
2. of or relating to hedonism or hedonists
hedonist : pleasure :: recluse : privacy :: narcissist : self
hedonistic ascetic
hedonic, hedonist ascetic
hedonism, indulgence ascetism
heed [hi:d] v. (~) n. , ,
heed flout (demur, linger, insult )
hegemony [hidmni] n. ; ; , ,
: the predominant influence of one state over others
hegemony lack of authority
hearten [h:rtn] v. / ; /
: to give strength, courage, or hope to; encourage
* enhearten = hearten
hearten : dejected ::
enhearten, hearten dampen, weaken
dismay, daunt hearten
daunt , ;
heart-rending [hrtrndi] a.
: causing anguish or deep distress; arousing deep sympathy
heartrending : sad :: deafening : loud :: earsplitting : loud (A >> B)
earsplitting loud and shrill enough to hurt the ears
heartsick [h:rtsik] adj. , ,
heartsick blithe, spirited
heated [htid] adj. /
: marked by anger or passion
heated temperate, tempered
heckle [hkl] v. , ,
: to harass and try to disconcert with questions, challenges,
or gibes : BADGER synonyms see BAIT (PP2 )
heckle assuage, mollify, pacify
heirloom [rlm] n.
: a valued possession passed down in a family through
succeeding generations
heirloom : ancestor :: bequest : testator
bequest ;
bequeath ; ,
testator one who has made a legally valid will before death
helmet [hlmit] n. ,
helmet : injury :: amulet : evil
helter-skelter [heltersklter] adv. , a.
, n. ,
helter-skelter moderate, orderly, steadfast, calm, steady, ordered,
organized, systematic, methodical, prudent
hem
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[hem] n. ; v. , ,
,
1. to utter a hem
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2. to hesitate in speech
selvage (, )
hemline (, )
hem : garment :: ruffle : shirt :: molding : cabinet :: brim, rim : vessel
hem speak directly, release, let go
hemostatic [hmsttik, hm-] a.
: acting to arrest bleeding or hemorrhage
styptic ,
stanch (, ) ; ,
herald [hrld] v.t. : ANNOUNCE, PROCLAIM
unabashed : embarrassment :: unheralded : announcement
unherald proclaim
herbicide [hrbsid] n. : WEED-KILLER
insect : pesticide :: plant : herbicide
pesticide
hereditary [hirdtri / -tri]
hereditary acquired
a.
landmark ;
herpetology [hrptldist / -tl-] n.
salmon : ichthyologist :: chameleon : herpetologist
ichthyology [kildi]
herpetology [hrptldist / -tl-] n.
salmon : ichthyologist :: chameleon : herpetologist
hesitance, hesitancy [hztns] n. , ;
impetuous : hesitating :: irrepressible : servile
impetuous ;
irrepressible ; difficult or impossible to
control or restrain
parsimonious : profligacy :: impetuous : hesitance
profligate ;
impetuous : hesitate :: irrepressible : servile
hesitation : reluctance :: hubris : pride
hubris overbearing pride or presumption; arrogance
alacrity, impetuosity dilatoriness, hesitance
dilatory ; intended to delay; tending to postpone
or delay
impetuosity hesitance, vacillation
heterodox [hetrdks / -dks] a.
1. not in agreement with accepted beliefs, especially in
church doctrine or dogma
2. holding unorthodox opinions
heterodox : nonconformity :: authority : superiority (A have B)
doctrinal : heterodox :: spontaneous : studied (OPPOSITE)
heterodox : convention :: (OPPOSITE)
heterodox : orthodox ::
heterodox conventional, orthodox
heyday [hidi] n. , ,
heyday lowest point, nadir (pandemonium )
hiatus [haiits] n.
1. a break in or as if in a material object : GAP
2. a gap or passage in an anatomical part or organ
hiatus nexus
hidebound [hidbund] a. ,
: stubbornly prejudiced, narrow-minded, or inflexible
contumacious : authority :: reactionary, hidebound, conservative :
change, innovation, novelty
contumacious , obstinately disobedient or rebellious;
insubordinate
hidebound : conservative :: maniac : interested, excited (A >> B)
mania; an excessively intense enthusiasm, interest, or desire; a craze
hidebound : innovation :: parsimonious : expenditure
hidebound : flexibility :: carefree : responsibility
hidebound flexible, liberal
hideous [hdis] a. , ; () ,
hierarch [hi:r`:rk] n. , ;
1. one who occupies a position of authority in a religious
hierarchy
114
hierarchical unranked
hieroglyph [hirglf] n. ;
1. a picture or symbol used in hieroglyphic writing
2. something that suggests a hieroglyph
decipher : hieroglyph :: break : code
(B( ) A() :: (code) (break)
break the code )
character : hieroglyph :: book : manual
character; a symbol used in secret writing; a cipher or code. A mark
or symbol used in a writing system. (ideograph)(
() , letter );
, ; <> ( ) ; [] (),
. Greek s . musical s . an
inscription in Chinese s (). character
manual a small reference book
hieroglyphic [hairglifik] a. , ;
1. a. of, relating to, or being a system of writing, such as
that of ancient Egypt, in which pictorial symbols are
used to represent meaning or sounds of a combination
of meaning and sound b. written with such symbols
2. difficult to read or decipher
high-strung [histr] adj. , , ,
high-strung easygoing, tranquil, laid-back
hike
[haik] n. ;
v. 1. to go on an extended walk for pleasure or exercise
2. to rise, especially to rise upward out of place
backset hike
backset , ;
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hirsute hairless
histrionic
[hstrinik / -n-] a. , , :
THEATRICAL
1. of or relating to actors or acting
2. excessively dramatic or emotional; affected
histrionic : actor :: pedantic : scholar
hitch [hit] v. ( ) , ; ,
1. to fasten or catch temporarily with or as if with a loop,
hook, or noose
2. to connect or attach, as to a vehicle
3. to move or raise by pulling or jerking
hive
[haiv] n. ;
1. a. a structure for housing bees, especially honeybees
b. a colony of bees living in such a structure
2. a place swarming with activity
tumultuous : bedlam :: active : hive
tumultuous ,
bedlam , a place or situation of noisy uproar and
confusion
hoard [hrd] v. ; (, ) n.
v. To gather or accumulate a hoard. To keep hidden or private.
n. a hidden fund or supply stored for future use; a cache
miser : hoard :: dandy : preen :: sycophant : fawn :: pundit : opine ::
shirk : malinger
dandy a man who affects extreme elegance in clothes and
manners
preen ( ) ;
malinger to feign illness or other incapacity in order to
avoid duty or work
shirk v. (, ) n. ,
hoard : money ::
lavish hoard
lavish ; ,
hoard distribute, squander, dwindle, scatter, disperse
hoarse [ho:rs] a. () , ;
1. rough or grating in sound
2. having or characterized by a husky, grating voice
hoarse honeyed, mellifluent, mellifluous, smooth
hoary [hri] a. () ; : ANCIENT
1. gray or white with or as if with age
2. covered with grayish hair or pubescence
3. so old as to inspire veneration; ancient
pubescence ;
puberty ,
hoary : old :: hilarious : funny :: saturated : wet (A >> B)
hilarious ; characterized by or causing great
merriment
hoax
[houks] n. : IMPOSTURE
1. an act intended to deceive or trick
2. something that has been established or accepted by
fraudulent means
hoax : fraudulence :: paragon : excellence
fraudulent ,
hoax : deceive :: filibuster : delay
hint
hobble
hirsute [h:rsju:t] a. , ,
1. covered with hair; hairy
2. botany. covered with stiff or coarse hairs
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hone blunt
blunt; adj. v.
hollow substantial
homage [hmid / hm-] n. , : RESPECT
1. ceremonial acknowledgment by a vassal of allegiance to
his lord under feudal law
2. special honor or respect shown or expressed publicly
vassal (), ; ,
feudal , ,
counsel : advice :: laud : homage (A = B )
homage disrespect
homely [humli] a. ; ;
1. not attractive or good-looking
2. lacking elegance or refinement
3. of a simple or unpretentious nature; plain
4. characteristic of the home or of home life
pulchritude ugliness, hideousness, homeliness
pulchritude
hideous [hdis] , ; ,
homily [hmli / hm-] n. ,
1. a sermon, especially one intended to edify a
congregation on a practical matter and not intended to
be a theological discourse
2. a tedious moralizing lecture or admonition
parable : story :: homily : lecture (A B )
parable ; a simple story illustrating a moral or religious
lesson
homily : edifying ::
edifying
homogenize [hmdniz, houm-/-m-] v.t.
: to make homogeneous
* homogeneous adj.
* homogeneity [houmdn:ti|h -] n.
miscellaneous : homogeneity ::
homogenize : uniform :: putrefy : rotten (A B)
putrefy
homogeneous motley, differential, disparate
stratify homogenize
stratify ;
hone
[houn] v. ; : WHET
1. to sharpen on a fine-grained whetstone
2. to perfect or make more intense or effective
[hb] n. () ; ()
1. the center part of a wheel, fan, or propeller
2. a center of activity or interest; a focal point
spoke : hub :: radius : center
spoke
hubris [hjbris] n.
: overbearing pride or presumption; arrogance
parsimony : frugality :: hubris : pride, self-confidence (A >> B)
hesitation : reluctance :: hubris : pride :: flattery : praise
hubris humility, self-effacement, subservience, self-doubt,
humbleness, self-abasement
hue [hju:] n.
1. The property of colors by which they can be perceived as
ranging from red through yellow, green, and blue, as
determined by the dominant wavelength of the light.
2. A particular gradation of color; a shade or tint.
3. Color: all the hues of the rainbow.
4. Appearance; aspect: a man of somber hue.
hue : beige :: metal : iron ()
achromatic : hue :: extraneous : essence :: transitory : permanence (A
B )
hulking [hlki] ;
: unwieldy or bulky; massive
hulking ethereal, gossamer, lively
ethereal ;
hull [hl] n. , , v. ~
hull kernel
humane [hju(:)min] a. , ;
1. characterized by kindness, mercy, or compassion
2. marked by an emphasis on humanistic values and concerns
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humanitarian [hjumntrin] n. :
PHILANTHROPIST
one who is devoted to the promotion of human welfare and
the advancement of social reforms; a philanthropist
humble [hmbl] a. ; ,
1. marked by meekness or modesty in behavior, attitude, or
spirit; not arrogant or prideful
2. showing deferential or submissive respect
3. low in rank, quality, or station; unpretentious or lowly
dour : geniality :: bumptious : humbleness
dour ,
bumptious , crudely or loudly assertive; pushy
impetuous : vacillation, hesitation :: bumptious : humbleness
humility : supplicant :: resistance : adversary
humble fustian
supercilious, bumptious humble
supercilious , feeling or showing haughty disdain
panache, hauteur humility
panache [pn] ( ) ; , ,
hauteur , haughtiness in bearing and attitude; arrogance
humility [hju:mlti] n. , ;
: the quality or condition of being humble
humility hauteur, panache
hauteur ,
panache ; , ; , (display),
(pretension)
humor [hjmr] v.t. , ;
1. to comply with the wishes or ideas of
2. to adapt or accommodate oneself to
chide : pillory :: humor : mollycoddle (A << B)
chide , to scold mildly so as to correct or
improve; reprimand
pillory ( ) ; to expose to
ridicule and abuse
[hrl] v.t. , ; ( )
1. to throw with great force; fling
2. to send with great vigor; thrust
3. to throw down; overthrow
4. to utter vehemently
scowl : displeasure :: kiss : affection :: hurl : disgust
scowl [skaul] to wrinkle or contract the brow as an
expression of anger or disapproval
hurl
husky [hski] a.
: hoarse or rough in quality
husky delicate
hustle [hsl] n. v. ; ;
1. to jostle or shove roughly
2. to convey in a hurried or rough manner
3. to cause or urge to proceed quickly
4. to gain by energetic effort
hustle stillness, tranquility
hybrid [hibrid] a. : COMPOSITE
1. (genetics) the offspring of genetically dissimilar parents or
stock, especially the offspring produced by breeding
plants or animals of different varieties, species, or races
2. a. something or mixed origin or composition b. something,
such as a computer or power plant, having two kinds of
components that produce the same or similar results
3. a word whose elements are derived from different
languages
hybrid of unmixed extraction, purebred
hymn [him] n. , ; PAEAN v.
1. a song of praise or thanksgiving to God or a deity
2. a song of praise or joy; a paean
hymn : praise :: elegy : sorrow :: dirge : grief :: madrigal : love (A show
B)
hymn execrate( swear, curse), deprecate (,
)
hyperbole [haiprbli] n.
: a figure of speech in which exaggeration is used for
emphasis or effect
exaggerating : hyperbole :: malicious : ill-will :: diligent : effort
anger : tirade :: exaggeration : hyperbole
playful : banter :: exaggerated : hyperbole
banter , good-humored, playful conversation
pompous : bombast :: exaggerated : hyperbole
exaggerated : hyperbole :: nonsensical : drivel
drivel [drvl] ;
hyperbolic factful, tactful
hyperbole understatement
husk
hypocrisy [hipkrsi|-pk-] n. ( )
[hsk]
n. : SHELL
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ignite douse, extinguish, quench
douse ,
combustible : ignite :: malleable : shape
I
ichthyology [kildist / -l-] n.
salmon : ichthyologist :: chameleon : herpetologist
herpetology
iconoclast [aiknklst|-kn-] n. , ()
[idl] n. , ; /
1. a. a short poem or prose piece depicting a rural or
pastoral scene, usually in idealized terms
b. anarrative poem treating an epic or romantic theme
2. a scene or an event of a simple and tranquil nature
3. a. a carefree episode or experience
b. a romantic interlude
idyll : carefree :: ordeal : difficult
ordeal ,
idyll experience fraught with tension
idyllic urbane
ignite
[ignit] v.t. ; () :
KINDLE
1. a. to cause to burn b. to set fire to
2. to subject to great heat, especially to make luminous by
heat
3. to arouse the passions of; excite
ignoble [ignubl] a. , ; ,
1. not noble in quality, character, or purpose; base or mean
2. not of the nobility; common
ignoble eminent
ignominy [gnmni] n. , ,
1. great personal dishonor or humiliation
2. shameful or disgraceful action, conduct, or character
bring ignominy to ones family
(ex. )
* ignominious [gnmnis] a. , ;
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[imp] n. , ; : URCHIN
1. a mischievous child
2. a small demon
mischievous ; ,
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[impr] v.t.
cause do diminish, as in strength, value, or quality
invigorate
revise (endorse )
impalpable
[implpb:l] a. , ;
;
1. not perceptible to the touch; intangible
2. difficult to perceive or grasp by the mind
impalpable clear
impassive [impsiv] a. , ; ,
(unconscious)
1. devoid of or not subject to emotion
2. revealing no emotion; expressionless
3. incapable of physical sensation
4. motionless; still
impassive : perturb :: voracious : satisfy :: avaricious : satisfy (A
B )
voracious ,
callous : impassivity :: dupe : duplicity (EQUAL)
():():::() (:
)
callous : a. v. , n.
impassive , ; ,
dupe v. , ... n.
impassive emotional, excitable, fervid, perfervid, overwrought
perfervid extremely or extravagantly eager; impassioned or
zealous
overwrought
impeachable [imptbl] adj. (, )
1. capable of being impeached: venal, impeachable public
servant
2. being such as to make one liable to impeachment: an
impeachable offense
* unimpeachable [nimptbl] a. ,
a. : PENNILESS
[imprtiv] a. , ; (n.
=imperativeness ex. social imperatives)
1. expressing a command or plea; peremptory
2. having the power or authority to command or control
3. impossible to deter or evade; pressing
4. urgent ()
It is that you attend the meeting.
. An immediate operation is .
.
question : interrogative :: order : imperative (A=B)
interrogative [ntrgtiv] , asking a question or
being of the nature of a question
imperative obedient
imperceptible
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[mprsptbl]
a. ,
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impervious : damage :: unassailable : refute
unassailable ,
impervious easy to penetrate
impervious of light translucent
impetuous [imptus] a. , ; ,
=headlong()
1. characterized by sudden and forceful energy or emotion;
impulsive and passionate
2. having or marked by violent force
) an temperament . regret one's decision
.
impetuous : vacillation, hesitation :: bumptious : humbleness
bumptious , crudely or loudly assertive
parsimonious : profligacy :: impetuous : hesitance :: irrepressible :
servility (, : , , )
profligate , ;
restive : calmness :: impetuous : patience
restive , ; ,
impetuosity hesitance, vacillation
impetuous prudent, deliberate (a. , , /
, v.)
impious [mpis] a. ;
1. lacking reverence; not pious
2. lacking due respect or dutifulness
impiety [impiti] n. : IRREVERENCE
impiety devoutness
devout , ;
implacable [implkbl, -plik-] a. ;
: not capable of being appeased, significantly changed, or
mitigated
immutable : altered :: implacable : propitiated :: inalienable :
surrendered
propitiate , ; to conciliate (an
offended power); appease
inalienable ,
implacable : compromise :: honest : swindle
implacable : appease :: indomitable : subdue : impervious : penetrate
implausible [impl:zbl] a. ,
: difficult to believe; not plausible
implausible believable
implement [mplmnt] v. , /
: to give practical effect to and ensure of actual fulfillment by
concrete measures
implement foil
foil ,
implicate [mplkit] v.t. ; : ENTWINE
1. to involve or connect intimately or incriminatingly
2. to have as a consequence or an inference; imply
implicated palpable
implicit [implsit] a. , ( explicit),
1. implied or understood though not directly expresed
2. contained in the nature of something though not readily
apparent
3. having no doubts or reservations; unquestioning
implicit overt, manifest
implode [implud] v.
: to collapse inward violently as if from external pressure
collapse : implode :: divide : sunder :: steep : immerse (A << B)
sunder , to break or wrench apart
steep a. , ; , v. () ;
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advance
2. spoken, performed, done, or composed with little or no
preparation; extemporaneous
ad-lib : impromptu :: aside : divergent
impromptu : rehearsal :: unheralded : announcement :: honesty :
duplicity (OPPOSITE)
impromptu : rehearsal :: caprice : deliberation :: honesty : duplicity
impromptu carefully rehearsed, planned
imply [impli] v. , ;
1. to involve by logical necessity; entail
2. to express or indicate indirectly
imply affirm, assert, declare, express, state
impolitic [implitik|-pl-] a. ,
impolitic shrewdly tactful
importune [mprtjn, imprtn] v.
1. to beset with insistent or repeated requests; entreat
pressingly
2. to annoy; vex
accost : approach :: importune : quest (A >> B)
imposing [impuzi] a. ,
: impressive, as by virtue of size, bearing, or power
imposing modest
impostor [impstr / -ps-] n.
: one who engages in deception under an assumed name or
identity ,
The dentist was an impostor.
impostor : identity :: usurper : authorization
usurp (, ) ;
virtuoso : mediocre :: impostor : unfeigned
mediocre , , 2
impotent [mptnt] a. ;
1. lacking physical strength or vigor; weak
2. lacking in power, as to act effectively; helpless
clout impotence
clout ;
imprecise [mpris is]
: not precise
nice imprecise
a. ,
impregnable [imprgnbl] a. ,
(, )
1. impossible to capture or enter by force
2. difficult or impossible to attack, challenge, or refute with
success
impregnable unjustifiable
impresario [mpris:riou] n. (, ) , ;
,
1. one who sponsors or produces entertainment, especially
the director of an opera company
2. a manager; a producer
impresario : entertainment :: broker : trade
impressionable [imprnbl] a. ,
1. readily or easily influenced; suggestible
2. capable of receiving an impression; plastic
impressionable : influence ::
improbity [imprubti, + -prb-]
: lack of probity; dishonesty
improbity honesty
impromptu
n. ,
[imprmptju / -prm-] a. , :
IMPROVISED, adv. , n.
imprudent [imprdnt] a. , , ,
: unwise or indiscreet; not prudent
imprudent circumspect
circumspect , , ,
judicious imprudent
judicious , having or exhibiting sound judgment;
prudent
improvident [imprvdnt / -prv-] a. ;
,
1. not foreseeing and providing for the future; thriftless
2. rash; incautious
improvident prudent
improvise [mprviz] v.t. ;
1. to invent, compose, or recite without preparation
2. to make or provide from available materials
score : improvise :: text : extemporize
improvised [mprvizd] a.
rite improvised act
rite , ; ,
improvisational a. , (, , )
=impromptu, extemporaneous
impudent [mpjdnt] a. , : INSOLENT
characterized by offensive boldness; insolent or impertinent
impudent : brazen :: deadpan : impassive
brazen (a, v) Marked by flagrant and insolent audacity
(shameless)
deadpan ;
impassive , ; ,
impudent : brazenness :: recalcitrant : stubbornness (EQUAL, : )
recalcitrant ,
impudent deferential, respectful, obeisant, reverent, deferent,
judicious, courteous
deference ; ,
obeisance , ; (deference),
impugn [mpjn] v. ,
: to attack as false or questionable; challenge in argument
extol condemn, impugn, detract
impugn approve, support, champion, endorse, vindicate, extol,
uphold, compliment, laud
champion , to fight for, defend, or support as a
champion
vindicate ; ,
impuissance [impjisns] n. : POWERLESSNESS
: lack of power or effectiveness; weakness
clout impuissance
clout
impulsive [implsiv] a.
1. inclined to act on impulse rather than thought
2. motivated by or resulting from impulse
3. having force or power to impel or incite; forceful
impunity [impjnti] n.
: exemption from punishment, penalty, or harm
122
expressive , ; ; full of
expression; significant
weighty ; ;
inane sagacious
inanimate [innmit] a. , ,
1. not having the qualities associated with active, living
organism; not animate
2. not animated or energetic; dull
ephemeral : enduring :: inanimate : living (OPPOSITE)
inanimate : consciousness :: anemic : strength
inappreciable [npr:ib:l] a. ,
: too small to be noticed or make a significant difference;
negligible
inappreciable ponderable
inapt [inpt] a. ; inappropriate; inept
inapt : clumsy ::
inaugurate [ingjrit] v. ,
/
1. to induct into office by a formal ceremony
2. to cause to begin, especially officially or formally
3. to open or begin use of formally with a ceremony
inaugurate : official ::
inaugurate : president :: install : official :: crown : king
install ; , to induct into an office, a
rank, or a position
inauguration : official :: matriculation : student
matriculate ()
cease inaugurate, commencement
inauspicious
[no:sps] a. , ;
: not favorable; not auspicious
inauspicious favorable, propitious
incandescent [nkndsnt] a. ;
1. emitting visible light as a result of being heated
2. shining brilliantly; very bright
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3. characterized by ardent emotion, intensity, or brilliance
incandescent dull
incantation [nkntin] ; , ;
1. ritual recitation of verbal charms or spells to produce a
magic effect
2. a. a formula used in ritual recitation; a verbal charm or
spell b. a conventionalized utterance repeated without
thought or aptness; a formula
incantation : utterance :: talisman : object (A is a kind of B+(magic)
)
talisman An object marked with magic signs and believed to
confer on its bearer supernatural powers or protection.
incapacity [nkpsti] n. , ; ,
1. inadequate strength or ability; lack of capacity
2. a defect or handicap; a disability
incarcerate [inkrsrit] v. /
1. to put into jail
2. to shut in; confirm
incarcerate liberate, enfranchise
incarnate [inkrneit] a. , (, )
1. invested with bodily nature and form
2. embodied in human form; personified
incorporeal incarnate
incorporeal , , lacking material form or
substance
incendiary [insndiri] a. ; ,
: tending to excite or inflame; inflammatory
1. a. causing or capable of causing fire b. of or containing
chemicals that produce intensely hot fire when exploded c.
of or involving arson(())
2. tending to inflame; inflammatory
insurgent : rebel :: incendiary : agitate
insurgent ,
incendiary calming, moderating
incense [nsens] v.t.
: to arouse the extreme anger or indignation of; infuriate
incense : anger ::
propitiate incense
incentive [insntiv] n. ,
something, such as the fear of punishment or the expectation
of reward, that induces action or motivates effort
incentive deterrent
inception [inspn] n. : COMMENCEMENT
: the beginning of something, such as an undertaking; a
commencement
inception : undertaking ::
inception : termination :: matriculation : graduation
matriculate ()
inception end, conclusion, finale, termination
incessant [inss:nt] a. : UNCEASING
: continuing without interruption
incessant interrupted
inch
[int] vi. /
: to move or cause to move slowly or by small degrees
inch : move :: drawl : speak : nibble : eat
drawl to speak with lengthened or
drawn-out vowels
accrete : growth :: inch : advance
accrete , to make larger or greater, as by
increased growth
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incongruent : conform :: scattering : overlap (OPPOSITE)
incongruent corresponding
incongruence, disagreement, disaccord, conflict correspond
inconsequential [inknsikwnl / -kn-] a. ;
,
1. lacking importance
2. not following from premises or evidence; illogical
inconsequential : illogical :: apocalyptic : prophetic (EQUAL)
crucial inconsequential
crucial ,
inconsonant [inknsnnt / -kn-] a.
: lacking harmony, agreement, or compatibility; discordant
inconsonance : concord :: scatter : overlap
inconsonant in agreement
incontestable [nkntstbl] a. (, ) ,
; indisputable
incontestable uncertain, questionable, unreliable, dubious (unfair
)
incontrovertible [inkntrvrtbl, inkn- / nkn-] a.
,
: impossible to dispute; unquestionable
incontrovertible : disputed :: untenable : defended
untenable ,
incontrovertible : disputed :: matchless : equaled
incontrovertible : refute :: optimal : improve (A B )
(negligible : perceive )
incontrovertible, irrefutable deniable, disputed, questionable, dubious
controvert substantiate
controvert , to raise arguments against; voice
opposition to
substantiate ; , to support with proof
or evidence; verify
incorporeal [nko:rp:ril] a. ;
: lacking material form or substance
incorporeal incarnate
incorporeal : substance :: (A B )
incorrigible [inkridbl] a. , :
UNALTERABLE, INVETERATE
1. incapable of being corrected or reformed
2. firmly rooted; ineradicable
3. difficult or impossible to control or manage
incorrigible : reformed :: inscrutable : understood :: adamant : moved
inscrutable ; ; difficult to fathom or
understand; impenetrable
incorrigible : amend :: ineradicable, irradicable : remove :: ineluctable :
avoid :: intractable : lead (A B )
tractable, manageable incorrigible
tractable ; ,
incriminate [inkrmnit] v.t.
1. to accuse of a crime or other wrongful act
2. to cause to appear guilty of a crime or fault; implicate
incrimination exoneration
exonerate to free from blame; to free from a responsibility, obligation,
or task
incubator [nkjbitr] n. ,
* incubation n. , , ( ) (=incubation
period)
incubator : infant :: greenhouse : plant
inculcate [inklkeit, ---] v.t.
1. to impress (something) upon the mind of another by
frequent instruction or repetition; instill
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incursion
indelible
[indlikit] a. ; , ;
1. offensive to established standards or propriety; improper
2. marked by a lack of good taste; coarse
3. lacking in consideration for the feelings of others
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enable one to live without working
independent inclined
indict [indit] v.t. , ;
: to accuse of wrongdoing; charge
indict : accuse :: sanction : approve (A=B) (extol : countenance )
sanction n. v. ,
absolve indict
indifferent [indfrnt] a. , : APATHETIC
embrace : affection :: shrug : indifference
fervor, zealot, avid, enraptured indifferent
enrapture , to fill with rapture or delight
indigenous [inddns] a. , ;
1. originating and growing or living in an area or
environment
2. intrinsic; innate
nonnative, exotic, foreign, acquired indigenous
indigent [ndidnt] a. ,
: experiencing want or need; impoverished
* indigence n.
indigent : wealth :: redundant : indispensability (OPPOSITE)
employ : indigence :: submerge : buoyancy
indigent affluent, wealthy
indigence wealth
indigestible [ndidstbl, -dai-] a. ;
: difficult or impossible to digest
indignant
indiscriminate [ndiskrmnit] a. , ; ,
indelicate
indemnity [indmnti] n. , ; ,
1. security against damage, loss, or injury
2. a legal exemption from liability for damages
3. compensation for damage, loss, or injury suffered
mollification : soothe :: indemnity : secure
independent [ndipndnt] a. ; , ,
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[ndlnt]
a. ,
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indurate soften
industrious
a. ,
: assiduous in work or study; diligent
industriousness : activity :: fastidiousness : selectivity
inebriant [inbrint] a.
: serving to intoxicate
inedible [indbl] a.
: unfit to be eaten; not edible
edible : eat :: portable : drink :: admissible : allow
inedible : food ::
indubitable [indjbtbl] a.
: too apparent to be doubted; unquestionable
indubitable : questioned :: resolute : sway (OPPOSITE)
indubitable doubtful
inducement [indjsmnt] n. ,
1. something that helps bring about an action or a desired
result; an incentive
2. the act or process of inducing
3. (law) an introductory or background statement
explaining the main allegations in a proceeding
inducement deterrence
deter ; to prevent or discourage from acting, as
by means of fear or doubt
induct [indkt] v.
1. to place ceremoniously or formally in an office or a
position; install
2. a. to admit as a member; receive
b. to admit to military service c. to introduce, as to new
experience or knowledge; initiate
induct discharge
indulge
[indld] v. , : GRATIFY,
HUMOR
1. to yield to the desires and whims of, especially to an
excessive degree; humor
2. a. to yield to; gratify b. to allow (oneself) unrestrained
gratification
gratify ,
humor ;
embarrass : mortify :: indulge : mollycoddle (A << B)
mortify ,
lassitude : stir :: appetite : indulge (A B )
lassitude ; a state or feeling of weariness, diminished
energy, or listlessness
abstemious : indulge :: austere : decorate
indulge : ascetic :: restrain : libertine
ineffable [infbl] a.
1. incapable of being expressed in words; indescribable or
unutterable
2. not to be uttered; taboo
ineffable : description :: ineradicable, irradicable : obliteration ::
incorrigible : amend :: indefeasible : annul
ineffable : inexpressive ::
ineffable : express, depict :: ineradicable : remove
irradicable; impossible to uproot or destroy; ineradicable
indefeasible ,
ineluctable [nilktbl] a. : INEVITABLE
: not to be avoided or escaped; inevitable
ineluctable : avoid :: impervious : penetrate :: irrevocable : repeal ::
insufferable : tolerate :: incorrigible : amend : intractable : govern
ineluctable, inevitable : avoid :: untenable : defend
untenable ( ) ;
serendipitous : effort :: ineluctable : chance
serendipity the faculty of making fortunate
discoveries by accident
ineluctable avoided, escaped
inept [inpt] a. ; ; ,
1. not apt or fitting; inappropriate
2. a. displaying a lack of judgment, sense, or reason; foolish b.
bungling or clumsy
competence, adroitness : inept :: difficult : simplicity (OPPOSITE)
inept deft, adroit, skilled, proficient, masterful, judicious, adept
proficient , having or marked by an advanced degree of
competence
judicious ,
finesse ineptitude
ineptness adroitness
ineptitude [inpttjd] n., : INCOMPETENCE
finesse ineptitude
finesse , ; ,
inequity [inkwti] n. , (unfairness)
1. injustice; unfairness
2. an instance of injustice or unfairness
inequity : fair :: (A B )
inequity disinterestedness, rectitude
rectitude (righteousness, integrity),
disinterested ;
inerrancy
n. /
: freedom from error or untruths; infallibility
inerrancy fallibility
[inrt] a.
1. unable to move or act
2. sluggish in action or motion; lethargic
ephemeral : endure :: inert : react (LACK)
reactant inert material
reactant
inert
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infer
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inferno [infrnou] n. ;
1. a place or condition suggestive of hell, especially with
respect to human suffering or death
2. a place of fiery heat or destruction
fire : inferno :: storm : hurricane (A << B)
infiltrate [infltreit, ---] v. , /
1. a. to pass (troop, for example) surreptitiously into enemyheld territory b. to penetrate with hostile intent
2. to enter or take up positions in gradually or urreptitiously,
as for purposes of espionage or takeover
3. to cause (a liquid, for example) to permeate a substance
by passing through its interstices or pores
4. to permeate (a porous substance) with a liquid or gas
infiltrate : enter :: conspire : plan :: insinuate : say :: stalk : follow ::
plot : plan :: purloin : take
insinuate , ;
infinite [nfnit] a. , : INEXHAUSTIBLE
1. having no boundaries or limits
2. immeasurably great or large; boundless
infinite : exhaust :: discrete : overlap
unique : precedent :: infinite : end
infinite : large :: interminable : long, lengthy (A>>B)
interminable; tiresomely long, endless
infinity bounded space
infinitesimal [nfinitsml] a. , , , ,
a. , , , ,
infraction [infrkn] n. (, , ) , ,
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[indnjus] a. , ; :
ARTLESS
1. lacking in sophistication or worldliness; artless
2. openly straightforward or frank; candid
ingenuous : guile :: impeccable : flaw :: delicate : offense (LACK)
ingenuous : dissemble :: raffish : preen :: polite : snub
dissemble , to disguise or conceal behind a false
appearance
raffish , , ;
tawdry , , gaudy and cheap in
nature or appearance
rakish ; , ; dashingly or sportingly stylish;
jaunty
preen ( ) , ; ,
ingest [indst] v. ,
: to take into the body by the mouth for digestion or
absorption
ingest expel
ingrained [ingrind, --] a. ,
1. firmly established; deep-seated
2. worked deeply into the texture or fiber
ingrained easily to change, extrinsic, superficial
extrinsic ,
ingrate
[ngreit]
: an ungrateful person
ingrate thankful person
ingratiating
[ingriiiti] v. , ;
,
1. pleasing; agreeable
2. calculated to please or win favor
* ingratiate [ingriiit] v. ,
: to bring (oneself, for example) into the favor or good graces
of another, especially by deliberate effort
flatter : ingratiate :: smother : choke
ingratiating : win favor :: disingenuous, fraudulent : deceive
inherent [inhrnt] a.
: existing as an essential constituent or characteristic;
intrinsic
inherent extrinsic
inhibition [inhibn] n. ,
1. the act of inhibiting or the state of being inhibited
2. something that restrains, blocks, or suppresses
* inhibit v.
inhibit further, provide
inhibitor catalyst
further (, , ) , ,
inimical [inmikl] a. ;
1. injurious or harmful in effect; adverse
2. unfriendly; hostile
inimical friendly, amiable, amicable, amenable
amenable ( ) , responsive to advice,
authority, or suggestion; tractable
inimitable [inmitbl] a. ;
: defying imitation; matchless
indubitable : question :: inimitable : copy
inimitable commonplace, ordinary
iniquity [inkwti] n. , , : WICKEDNESS
1. gross immorality or injustice; wickedness
2. a grossly immoral act; a sin
iniquity rectitude, justice, saintliness, disinterestedness
rectitude , ; , (correctness)
initial [inl] a. ,
: of, relating to, or occurring at the beginning; first
eccentric : conventional :: doyen : uninitiated
doyen , , a man who is the eldest or senior
member of a group
initial : realized :: irregular : classified :: tangible : indefinite :: tenable :
undefended (OPPOSITE)
tenable , ; /
initial following
initiate follow up
initiate [iniit] v. ,
1. to set doing by taking the first step; begin
2. to introduce to a new field, interest, skill, or activity
3. to admit into membership, as with ceremonies or ritual
catalyst : initiate :: supervisor : oversight
eccentric : conventional :: doyen : initiated (OPPOSITE)
initiate follow up
inveterate uninitiated
initiative [intiv] n. , ; , : ENTERPRISE,
INTRODUCTORY, PRELIMINARY
1. the power or ability to begin or to follow through
energetically with a plan or task
2. a beginning or introductory step; an opening move
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unconscious
2. lacking sensibility; unfeeling
3. a. lacking sense or the power to reason b. foolish; witless
insensate conscious
[inkjus / ink-] a. ; , :
INOFFENSIVE, INSIPID
1. having no adverse effect; harmless
2. not likely to offend or provoke to strong emotion; insipid
placebo : innocuous :: salve : unctuous :: venom : toxic
salve [sv] , ; ;
unctuous [ktus] , ;
venom , ; ,
wholesome, sanitary, innocuous noxious, injurious
sanitary ; ,
innocuous objectionable
innovation [nouvin] n.
1. the act of introducing something new
2. something newly introduced
contumacious : authority :: reactionary, hidebound, conservative :
change, innovation, novelty
contumacious ; obstinately disobedient or
rebellious; insubordinate
novelty , , ; ; //
innuendo [njundou] n.
an indirect or subtle, usually derogatory implication in
expression; an insinuation
derogatory ( ) ;
insinuate ; ,
innuendo : suspicion ::
inquiry [inkwiri, ---, nkwri] n.
1. the act of inquiring
2. a question; a query
3. a close examination of a matter in a search for
information or truth
confidence : arrogant :: inquiry : interrogatory
interrogatory , asking a question; of the
nature of a question; interrogative
inquisitive
[inkwzitiv] a. , ;
insalubrious [nsl:bris] a. ,
: not promoting health; unwholesome
insalubrious wholesome
insatiable [insibl] a.
: impossible to satiate or satisfy
insatiable : satisfy :: ineluctable : avoid
insatiable : sate :: unsalvageable : repair :: unexceptionable : oppose
insatiable : slake :: inevitable : avoid
insatiable slakable
slake (, ) , ; ;
insensate [insnseit] a. ;
1. a. lacking sensation or awareness; inanimate b.
insensitive [insnstiv] a. , ;
1. not physically sensitive; numb
2. a. lacking in sensitivity to the feelings or circumstances of
others; unfeeling b. lacking in responsiveness
* insentient devoid of sensation or consciousness;
inanimate
insensitive tender (, )
insentient perceiving, conscious, animated, lively, stirring (volatile
)
insert [insrt] v.
insert remove, tear
insidious [insdis] a. , ; ;
1. working or spreading harmfully in a subtle or stealthy
manner
2. intended to entrap; treacherous
3. beguiling but harmful; alluring
insight [nsait] n. , ; ,
1. the capacity to discern the true nature of a situation;
penetration
2. the act or outcome of grasping the inward or hidden
nature of things or of perceiving in an intuitive manner
insight : discern :: mettle : endure
mettle , ; ,
insight : discerning :: deadpan : impassive
insightful obtuse
insinuate [insnjueit] v. , ;
1. to introduce or otherwise convey (a thought, for example)
gradually and insidiously
2. to introduce or insert (oneself) by subtle and artful means
insipid [inspid] a. , : DULL, FLAT
1. lacking flavor or zest; not tasty
2. lacking excitement, stimulation, or interest; dull
insipid : invention :: prosaic : imagination
insipid exciting, fascinating, piquant
insolent [nslnt] a. : IMPUDENT
1. presumptuous and insulting in manner or speech; arrogant
2. audaciously rude or disrespectful
perfunctorily : inspiration :: insolently : veneration (LACK)
perfunctory
insolent polite, courteous, respectful, elegant
courteous , ,
insouciant [inssint] a. : NONCHALANT
: marked by blithe unconcern; nonchalant
insouciant : worry :: tenacious, pertinacious : yield (A=not B)
tenacious , ;
pertinacious , ,
insouciant, nonchalant : concern :: tenacious : yield :: magnanimous :
begrudge (A B , A B )
magnanimous a. , ,
begrudge , , ,
insouciant distressed, worried, anxious, troubled (immoderate
)
inspired [inspird] a. ,
: outstanding or brilliant in a way or to a degree suggestive
of divine inspiration
pedestrian inspired
pedestrian ; , (prosaic) undistinguished;
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insubstantial extensive, firm, objective, pithy, significant, sound,
sturdy
extensive , , ,
ordinary
install [inst:l] v. /; , ; ,
1. to set in position and connect or adjust for use
2. to induct into an office, a rank, or a position
3. to settle in an indicated place or condition; establish
install remove
instate [instit] v.t.
: to establish in office; install
instate oust
oust , to eject from a position or place; force out
instigate [nstgit] v.t. : PROVOKE
1. to urge on; goad
2. to stir up; foment
instigator : incite :: bully : browbeat
browbeat to intimidate or subjugate by an overbearing manner or
domineering speech; bully
quell foment, instigate, rouse
instill [instl] v. ,
1. to introduce by gradual, persistent efforts; implant
2. to pour in (medicine, for example) drop by drop
instill drain away/out, remove, press down
instinct [nsti:kt] n. ;
1. an inborn pattern of behavior that is characteristic of a
species and is often a response to specific environmental
stimuli
2. a powerful motivation or impulse
an innate capability or aptitude
* instinctive , Arising from impulse,
spontaneous and unthinking
instinct learned response
instinctive deliberate
institute [nsttjt] v.t. : ORGANIZE
1. a. to establish, organize, and set in operation b. to
initiate; begin
2. to establish or invest in an office or a position
rescind, abrogate, efface institute
rescind // to make void; repeal or annul
abrogate () to abolish, do away with, or annul,
especially by authority
instrumentalist
n.
instrumentalist : orchestra :: actor : troupe
instrumentalist : symphony :: dancer : ballet
insubordinate [nsbrdnit] a.
: not submissive to authority
insubordinate : submissive :: disaffected : contented :: capricious :
deliberate
disaffected , resentful and rebellious,
especially against authority
tractable insubordinate, intransigent, incorrigible, obstinate
intransigent
incorrigible ; ,
insubordinate tractable
insubstantial [nsbstn:l] a. ; ; ,
1. lacking substance or reality
2. a. not firm or solid; flimsy
b. delicate; fine
insufferable [insf:rb:l] a. ,
:(unbearable) difficult or impossible to endure; intolerable
insufferable tolerable
insufferable : tolerate ::
insular [nslr, -sj-] a. ; ,
1. a. of, relating to, or constituting an island
b. living or located on an island
2. a. suggestive of the isolated life of an island
b. circumscribed and detached in outlook and experience;
narrow or provincial
insular ecumenical, cosmopolitan
insularity refinement
insularity cosmopolitanism
insulate [nslit, -sj-] v. /; /
1. to cause to be in a detached or isolated position
2. to prevent the passage of heat, electricity, or sound into or
out of, especially by surrounding with a nonconducting
material
insulate expose
insurgent [insrdnt] a. n.
: rising in revolt against civil authority or a government in
power; rebellious
parsimony : miser :: rebelliousness : insurgent
insurgent : rebel :: incendiary : agitate
incendiary ; , ;
insusceptible [nssptb:l] a. (insensible);
insusceptible responsive, susceptible
intact [intkt] a. , ;
1. remaining sound, entire, or uninjured; not impaired in any
way
2. having all physical parts
riven intact
rive , ; ()
intangible [intndbl] a. ; :
IMPALPABLE
1. incapable of being perceived by the senses
2. incapable of being realized or defined
impracticable : effected :: intangible : known :: indemonstrable : proven
(B A )
tangible unable to perceive
intangible readily perceived, corporeal, palpable
integral [ntigrl] a. ;
1. essential or necessary for completeness
2. possessing everything essential; entire
integral superfluous, redundant, tangential, peripheral, unnecessary
tangential ; ; ,
integrate [ntgrit] v. UNIFY
1. to make into a whole by bringing all parts together; unify
2. a. to join with something else; unite b. to make part of a
larger unit
3. to open to people of all races or ethnic groups without
restriction; desegregate
* disintegrate : v. , /,
disintegrated : cohesive :: (OPPOSITE)
integrate fragment, separate, taint
taint ; ;
130
integrity incompleteness
intelligible [intldbl] a.
1. capable of being understood
2. capable of being apprehended by the intellect alone
correct : accurate :: garble : unintelligible
garble ; ,
intemperate [intmprit] a. ; ; ;
: not temperate or moderate; excessive, especially in the
use of alcoholic beverages
intemperate : restraint :: lethargy : energy
intemperate constrained, equable
equable , ;
intensify [intnsfi] vi. : STRENGTHEN
1. to make intense or more intense
2. to increase the contrast of (a photographic image)
expand : extent :: intensify : degree
moderate : intensity :: extenuate : seriousness
extenuate ;
abate : intensity :: taper : width
alleviate : intensity :: abate : tax
abate, assuage, attenuate intensify, promote
[intr] v.t. ,
: to place in a grave or tomb; bury
inter : burial :: obliterate : removal :: install : inauguration
install
inter
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interlocking independent
interloper [ntrlupr] n.
: one that interferes with the affairs of others, often for
selfish reasons; a meddler
interlude [ntrld] n. ; : INTERVAL
1. an intervening episode, feature, or period of time
2. a. a short farcical entertainment performed between the
acts of a medieval mystery or morality play
b. a 16th-century genre of comedy derived from this
c. an entertainment between the acts of a play
3. (music) a short piece inserted between the parts of a
longer composition
interminable [intrmnbl] a. , ;
1. being or seeming to be without an end; endless
2. tiresomely long; wearisome
countless, innumerable, myriad, untold : number :: everlasting,
interminable : duration
myriad constituting a very large, indefinite number;
innumerable
untold ; ; ,
interminable : lengthy :: boundless : extensive : fathomless : deep
interminable : length :: fathomless : depth
intermittent [ntrmtnt] a.
1. stopping and starting at intervals
2. alternately containing and empty of water
intermittent constant, continued
interpose [intrpouz] v. ~ , , , ,
,
interpose overlook, ignore, disregard, avoid
interregnum [ntrgnm] n. / ;
( )
1. the interval of time between the end of a sovereign's reign
and the accession of a successor
2. a period of temporary suspension of the usual functions of
government or control
3. a gap in continuity
interregnum : government :: hibernation : activity
interrogate [intrgit] v.t. ,
: to examine by questioning formally or officially
interrogate : probe ::
probe ;
confidence : arrogant :: inquiry : interrogatory
question : interrogative :: order : imperative
imperative , ;
usurp : seize :: interrogate : examine (A >> B)
usurp to seize and hold (the power or rights) by force and
without legal authority
interrogative [ntrgtiv|-rg-] a. , ; ,
1. asking a question or being of the nature of a question
2. of, relating to, or being an element or construction used to
ask a question
interrogatory
a. ;
asking a question; of the nature of a question; interrogative
intervene [ntrvn] vi. ;
1. to come, appear, or lie between two things
2. to come or occur between two periods or points of time
3. to occur as an extraneous or unplanned circumstance
4. a. to come in or between so as to hinder or alter an action
b. to interfere, usually through force or threat of force, in the
131
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intrigue [intr:g] vi. ;
1. to engage in secret or underhand schemes; plot
2. to arouse the interest or curiosity of
intriguing [intrgi] a. ; :
FASCINATING
interesting : intriguing :: bootless : futile (EQUAL)
bootless without advantage or benefit; useless
intrigue, interest pall
pall ,
intrinsic [intrnsik] a. ,
: of or relating to the essential nature of a thing; inherent
intrinsic extraneous
intuitive [intj:itiv] a.
1. of, relating to, or arising from intuition
2. known or perceived through intuition
3. possessing or demonstrating intuition
inundate [nndit] v. , ;
1. to cover with water, especially floodwaters
2. to overwhelm as if with a flood; swamp
inundate drain
inundation [nndin, -nn-] n.
: to cover with a flood : OVERFLOW
intractable [intrktb:l] a. , ,
1. difficult to manage or govern; stubborn
2. difficult to mold or manipulate
3. difficult to alleviate, remedy, or cure
* intractability n.
intractable : control :: (A=B )
intractable : govern ::
intractable obeisant, governable, yielding, manageable
intractability governability
intransigent [intrnsdnt] a. :
UNCOMPROMISING
: refusing to compromise or to abandon an extreme
position or attitude
firm : intransigent :: concerned : obsessed (A << B)
obsess to preoccupy the mind of excessively
intransigent : acquiesce :: deferential : offend
intransigent : control :: resolute : oscillate
intransigent open to compromise, complaisant, yielding
complaisant , , ,
docile, pliant, tractable insubordinate, intransigent, incorrigible,
obstinate, intractable
intransigence docility, pliancy, tractability
intrepid [intrpd] a. ,
: resolutely courageous; fearless
genteel : vulgarity :: intrepid : fear (A B )
genteel , ;
fear : intrepid :: qualm : unscrupulous (B A )
qualm
intrepid : deter :: rapt : distract (A B)
deter ; to prevent or discourage from acting, as
by means of fear or doubt
rapt , ;
intrepid apprehensive
intrepidness craven
intricacy [ntriksi] n.
* intricate adj.
intricate : complexity ::
intricate simple, straightforward
chiaroscuro : contrast :: tapestry : intricacy
chiaroscuro [ki:rskjrou] n.
invective [invktiv] n. a. ()
. 1. denunciatory or abusive language; vituperation
2. denunciatory or abusive expression or discourse
. of, relating to, or characterized by denunciatory or
abusive language
exhortation : motivate :: invective : discredit (A = B )
exhortation , ,
exhort to urge by strong, often stirring argument, admonition, advice,
or appeal
polemic : disputatious :: invective : abusive
polemic , ;
invective accolade, approbation, compliment, exaltation, extolment,
flattery, laud, laudatory speech/words, encomium, praise, adulation
eulogy, eulogium : invective :: (OPPOSITE, : )
inveigh [invi] vi. ,
: to protest or complain bitterly or vehemently
inveigh verbally provide support
inveigle [invgl, -vi-] v. ;
1. to win over by coaxing, flattery, or artful talk
2. to obtain by cajolery
plot : plan :: inveigle : interest (DEFECTIVE)
inveigle request directly, openly seek to persuade
inventory [nvntri / -tri] n. ;
1. a detailed, itemized list, report, or record of things in one's
possession, especially a periodic survey of all goods and
materials in stock
2. the process of making such a list, report, or record
3. the items listed in such a report or record
4. the quantity of goods and materials on hand; stock
5. an evaluation or a survey, as of abilities, assets, or
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resources
census : population :: inventory : stock
inventory : merchandise :: manifest : cargo
manifest n. ; a list of cargo or passengers
carried on a ship or plane
investigate [invstgit] v. ,
: to observe or inquire into in detail; examine
systematically
investigate : probe :: cavil : criticize
inveterate [invtrit] a. ,
1. firmly and long established; deep-rooted
2. persisting in an ingrained habit; habitual
inveterate casual, uninitiated
casual
a. , n.
invidious [invdis] a. ; ,
1. tending to rouse ill will, animosity, or resentment
2. containing or implying a slight; discriminatory
3. envious
invidious beneficial
invigorate [invgrit] v. : STIMULATE
: to impart vigor, strength, or vitality to; animate
conducive : foment :: tonic : invigorate
conducive , tending to cause or bring about;
contributive
tonic : invigorate :: analgesic : deaden
analgesic a medication that reduces or eliminates pain
invigorate weaken, debilitate, demoralize, enfeeble, enervate,
emaciate, sap
debilitate to sap the strength or energy of; enervate
emaciate / ; ( )
invincible [invnsbl] a. ,
: incapable of being overcome or defeated; unconquerable
invincible : conquer :: optimal : improve :: impermeable : penetrate (A
= B ) (corrupt : compromise )
invincible : subdue :: impervious : damage
impervious ;
[ireit, --] a.
1. extremely angry; enraged
2. characterized or occasioned by anger
gush : effusive :: rage : irate
gush ,
ire [ir] n. , v. ~
ire placate
irenic [airnik|-r:n-] a. ()
inviolable [invilb:l] a. , ;
1. secure from violation or profanation
2. impregnable to assault or trespass; invincible
pierce : impenetrable :: profane : inviolable
profane ; ,
inviolate [invilit] a. : PURE
: not violated or profaned; intact
intact , ,
pierce : impenetrable :: profane : inviolate :: penetrate :
impermeable :: comprehend : obscure
profane ;
inviolable, inviolate profane, impure, conteminated
impure ,
inviolated contaminated
iridescence [rdsns] n.
* iridescent
1. producing a display of lustrous, rainbow-like colors
irk
irradicable [irdikbl] a. ,
: impossible to uproot or destroy; ineradicable
ineffable : description :: irradicable : obliterate
ineffable ,
incorrigible : amend :: irradicable, ineradicable : remove
invoice
irreducible
[nvis]
n. , ; ( )
ironclad [irnkld] a. ; ,
: rigid; fixed; so firm or secure as to be unbreakable
jammed : full :: ironclad : firm :: brilliant : smart (EQUAL)
133
[ridjsbl]
a.
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stanza : line :: volume : issue (issue : , volume : )
episode : series :: issue : periodical
issue withdraw
isthmus [sms] n.
: a narrow strip of land connecting two larger land areas
isthmus : land :: strait : water
strait ; ,
itinerary [aitnr`eiri] n. , ; /
1. a route or proposed route of a journey
2. an account or a record of a journey
3. a guidebook for travelers
itinerary : trip :: syllabus : course
irresolute
[irzlt] a. : VACILLATING,
INDECISIVE
1. unsure of how to act or proceed; undecided
2. lacking in resolution; indecisive
* irresolution
demur : qualms :: waver : irresoluteness
demur , to voice opposition; object
qualm , ; ,
irresolute, daunted undeterred
irresolution determination, perposefulness, will, willfulness
J
jabber [dbr] v.
: to talk rapidly, unintelligibly, or idly
jabber speak slowly
jaded [deidid] a. , : EXHAUSTED
1. worn out; wearied
2. dulled by surfeit; sated
overexposure : jaded :: vaccination : immune
jaded keen, enthusiastic
keen , , ,
irreverent [irvrnt] a.
1. lacking or exhibiting a lack of reverence; disrespectful
2. critical of what is generally accepted or respected;
satirical
irreverent respectful, courteous, gracious
awe irreverence
jammed [dmd] a.
jammed : full :: ironclad : firm
ironclad ; ,
irrevocable [irvkbl] a. ,
: impossible to retract or revoke
irrevocable : rescind ::
rescind / to make void; repeal or annul
jape
irrigate
jar
irritate [rtit] v.
: to rouse to impatience or anger; annoy
antidote : poisoning :: balm : irritation
haunt : familiar, similarity :: harass : irritating
haunt ( ) , ; ( )
[deip] v.
: to joke or quip, taunt
quip , ,
revere jape at
[dr] n. , vi. ; ()
1. to make or utter a harsh sound
2. to be disturbing or irritating; grate
3. to shake or shiver from impact
4. to clash or conflict
puncture : deflated :: jar : unsettled (A = B )
isomorph [ism:rf] n.
isomorph dissimilarity, different structure, heterogeneity,
disparateness, structure of dissimilarity
issue [u / sju] n. ; ( ) v.
debate : issue :: bargain : price (A = B )
retort : repartee :: debate : issue :: correspond : letter (conversation :
language )
repartee [rprt:] ,
retort , ;
jar [d:r] v. , ; ,
1. to make or utter a harsh sound
2. to be disturbing or irritating; grate
3. to shake or shiver from impact
4. to clash or conflict
malodorous : smell :: jarring : sound
melodious jarring
melodious ; ,
jaundice
[dndis, dn-] n. , v.
; ( )
: to affect with envy, jealousy, prejudice, or hostility
jaundice speak favorably
jaundiced disposed favorably, unprejudiced, candid
jaunty
134
[dnti, dn-]
a. () ; ( )
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jocular lachrymose, serious
jocund [dknd, duk- / dk-] a.
: sprightly and lighthearted in disposition, character, or
quality
jocund dreary, morose, dour, serious, depressed, grave, dismal,
lachrymose
dreary , ; ;
morose , sullenly melancholy; gloomy
dour ; ,
dejection jocundity
jocund, jocular lachrymose
lachrymose ; ,
jog [dg, dg] v.
jog : exercise :: barter : trade
barter to trade goods or services without the exchange
of money
joke
[douk] n.
* jocose a. , ,
joke : punch line :: plot : denouement
punch line (, )
denouement [dinu:m] ;
pun : joke :: supernova : star
pun
jocose grave, morose
[drk] v. , , ( )
n.
1. to give a quick suddenly arrested push, pull, or twist to
2. to utter abruptly or sharply
jest
[dest] n. , ; ,
1. a playful or amusing act; a prank
2. a frolicsome or frivolous mood
3. an object of ridicule; a laughingstock
4. a witty remark
prank , a mischievous trick or practical joke
frolicsome , ; , full of high-spirited fun; frisky
and playful
jeer : derision :: reprimand : censure (EQUAL)
jest solemn speaking/utterance, solemnity
[daib] v. /, gibe
: to be in accord; agree
: = gibe
jibe conflict
jingoist [dgouist] n.
jingo
n. ,
: one who vociferously supports one's country, especially
one who supports a belligerent foreign policy; a
chauvinistic patriot
nepotism : kinship :: jingoist : nationality (A = B )
nepotism , , ()
dove, pacifist warmonger, jingoist
dove ; , , ; ,
jitter [dtr] v. ,
: to be nervous or uneasy; fidget
fidget , ,
jittery resolute
jocular [d3kjl:r] a. ,
: characterized by joking; given to joking
jolt
[doult] vi. ;
1. to move or dislodge with a sudden, hard blow; strike
heavily or jarringly
2. to cause to move jerkily
3. to put into a specified condition by or as if by a blow
4. to make suddenly active or effective
5. to disturb suddenly and severely; stun
jolt : move :: check : stop (A = B)
check to arrest the motion of abruptly; halt
jot
jovial [duvil] a. ,
: marked by hearty conviviality and good cheer
jovial mournful, drab, morose, saturnine, maudlin, lachrymose,
lugubrious
drab ; ; ,
saturnine ; ,
maudlin , effusively or tearfully sentimental
lugubrious () ,
joviality moroseness
morose , sullenly melancholy; gloomy
joyous [dis] a. ,
: feeling or causing joy; joyful
joyous grievous
jubilant [dblnt] a. : EXULTANT
: exultingly joyful; expressing joy
dolorous jubilant
dolorous , marked by or exhibiting sorrow, grief, or pain
judge [d d] n. , v.
judge : law :: umpire : rule (B A )
umpire : ( )
judicious
135
[duds]
DISCREET
a. , , :
K
kangaroo [kgr] n.
kangaroo : marsupial :: squirrel : rodent
marsupial [ma:rsj:pil]
rodent
ken
[ken] n. ; ,
1. perception; understanding
2. a. range of vision
b. view; sight
earshot : hear :: ken : see
earshot hearing distance
kidnap [kdn`p] v. ,
: to seize and detain unlawfully and usually for ransom
kidnapping : detainment :: bribery : inducement
2006 8 30 / 200705,06..
kidnapping : detainment
A wiretapping : entrapment :
B larceny : theft
:
C plundering : destruction
: ,
D bribery : inducement
:
E extortion : retribution
:
larceny
the unlawful taking and removing of another's personal
property with the intent of permanently depriving the owner; theft.
theft
the act or an instance of stealing; larceny.
wiretap v.
bribery an inducement that influences a public official to perform
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his/her duties in a manner contrary to the course that would otherwise be
adopted.
kindle [kndl] v.t. , : AROUSE
1. a. to build or fuel (a fire) b. to set fire to; ignite
2. to cause to glow; light up
3. to arouse (an emotion, for example)
extinguish, squelch kindle, rekindle
kindred
[kndrid] n. , ; ; , a.
, , , ,
1. of the same ancestry or family
2. having a similar or related origin, nature, or character
kindred unsimilarity
kindred dissimilar
kink
[kik] n. , ; () , ; ,
1. a tight curl, twist, or bend in a length of thin material, as
one caused by the tensing of a looped
section of wire
2. a painful muscle spasm(), as in the neck or back; a
crick
3. a difficulty or flaw that is likely to impede operation, as in
a plan or system
4. a mental peculiarity; a quirk
5. an unusual or eccentric idea
crick , , a painful cramp or muscle spasm, as in the
back or neck
136
[nit] vi. , ; ,
1. to make (a fabric or garment) by intertwining yarn or
thread in a series of connected loops either
by hand with knitting needles or on a machine
L
labile [libil, -bail] a. , : UNSTABLE
: open to change; adaptable
labile stable, immutable, permanent
labored [librd] a. , ; ,
a labored joke ( )
1. produced or done with effort
2. lacking natural ease; strained
glib labored
glib , ; ,
labyrinth [lbrn] n. , :INTRICACY,
PERPLEXITY
1. a. an intricate structure of interconnecting passages
through which it is difficult to find one's way; a maze
b. (Greek mythology) the maze in which the Minotaur was
confined
2. something highly intricate or convoluted in character,
composition, or construction
labyrinthine : simplicity :: jejune : interest (OPPOSITE)
jejune , ; ,
threadbare, timeworn : novelty :: labyrinthine : directness (OPPOSITE)
threadbare (worn-out); (shabby)
timeworn , ; ,
ribald : seemly :: labyrinthine : direct (OPPOSITE)
ribald , characterized by or indulging in vulgar, lewd
humor
lewd ,
a. preoccupied with sex and sexual desire; lustful
b. obscene; indecent
seemly , ;
labyrinth : tortuous :: ornament : decorative
tortuous (winding); (devious);
labyrinth directness, simplicity, straightforward path
labyrinthine simple
lacerate [lsrit] v. , ; (, )
1. to rip, cut, or tear
2. to cause deep emotional pain to; distress
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lacerate mitigate, soothe
lachrymose [lkrm`ous] a. ; ,
1. weeping or inclined to weep; tearful
2. causing or tending to cause tears
lachrymose jocund, jocular, glad, cheerful, jovial, joyful
[lklstr] a. / , : DULL,
MEDIOCRE
: lacking brightness, luster, or vitality; dull
* luster [lstr] n. v.t.
reinforce : strength :: polish : luster
lackluster charisma
lackluster radiant, resplendent, refulgent, burnish
resplendent , ; splendid or dazzling in
appearance; brilliant
refulgent shining radiantly; resplendent
burnish ,
lackluster
lame [leim] a. ; ; , ,
1. disabled so that movement, especially walking, is difficult
or impossible
2. marked by pain or rigidness
3. weak and ineffectual; unsatisfactory
lament [lmnt] v. ,
1. to express grief for or about; mourn
2. to regret deeply; deplore
lament : grief ::
lament : elegy ::
lamentable : repentance ::
celebrate : lament :: slight : show respect (OPPOSITE)
lamentable [lmntb-l] a. : MOURNFUL
: inspiring or deserving of lament or regret; deplorable or
pitiable
lamentable : pity :: reprehensible : censure
reprehensible , deserving rebuke or censure;
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languid effervescent, energetic, vivacious, vehement
vivacious , full of animation and spirit; lively
vehement ;
blameworthy
celebration :: lamentable :: slight :: respectful (OPPOSITE)
laminate [lmnit] v. /
1. to beat or compress into a thin plate or sheet
2. to divide into thin layers
laminate : divide ::
lampoon [lmpn] n.
1. a broad satirical piece that uses ridicule to attack a
person, a group, or an institute
2. a light, good-humored satire
panegyric : eulogize :: lampoon : satirize
panegyric /; a formal eulogistic composition
intended as a public compliment
satire : lampoon :: diligence : effort
paean harshly lampoon
paean [p:n] ,
landfill [lndfl] n.
cistern : liquids :: landfill : refuse
cistern , ;
landlord [lndlrd] n. ,
1. a person who owns and rents land, buildings, or dwelling
units
2. a man who runs a rooming house or an inn; an innkeeper
landmark [lndm :rk] n. ;
1. a prominent identifying feature of a landscape
2. a fixed marker, such as a concrete block, that indicates a
boundary line
3. an event marking an important stage of development or
a turning point in history
4. a building or site that has historical significance,
especially one that is marked for preservation by a
municipal or national government
hermitage : secluded :: landmark : conspicuous
seclude , to set or keep apart, as from social
contact with others
landslide [lndslid] n. ; ( )
1. a. the downward sliding of a relatively dry mass of earth
and rock
b. the mass that slides
2. a. an overwhelming majority of votes for a political party
or candidate
b. an election that sweeps a party or candidate into office
3. a great victory
droplet : deluge :: pebble : landslide
landslide debacle
debacle , ;
lane
[lein] n. ; ,
1. a. a narrow country road
b. a narrow way or passage between walls, hedges, or
fences
2. a narrow passage, course, or track, especially:
a. a prescribed course for ships or aircraft
b. a strip delineated on a street or highway to accomodate
a single line of vehicles
languid
[lgwid] a. ( , ) ; :
WEAK
1. lacking energy or vitality; weak
2. showing little or no spirit or animation; listless
3. lacking vigor or force; slow
languid : energy :: desultory : plan
desultory , ;
languish [lgwi] v. ; n. ,
lapse [lps] n. () ; ; ,
: a slight error typically due to forgetfulness or inattention
1. the act or an instance of lapsing, as:
a. a usually minor or temporary failure; a slip
b. a deterioration or decline c. a moral fall
2. a break in continuity; a pause
3. a period of time; an interval
lapse : error :: misbehavior : criminality :: misdemeanor : crime (A <<
B)
inkling : indication :: lapse : error (A << B)
misdemeanor , a misdeed
inkling a slight hint or indication
larder [lrdr] n. : PANTRY
1. a place, such as a pantry or cellar, where food is stored
2. a supply of food
larder : food :: wardrobe : clothes :: reservoir :: water
larder : provisions :: vault : valuables :: reservoir : water
vault ; ,
larder : food :: armory : munitions
munition ( -s) , ; ,
largesse, largess
[lrds, lrdis] n. ,
1. a. liberality in bestowing gifts, especially in a lofty or
condescending manner
b. money or gifts bestowed
2. generosity of spirit or attitude
largesse parsimony, penuriousness, stinginess, miserliness
penuriousness /
larval [l:rvl] a. , ; ()
mature : larva ::
larval mature
lariat [lrit] n. , : LASSO
lariat : wrangler :: crook : shepherd
wrangler / ;
crook , ; () , (
) ()
138
[l] v. , ,
(, ) , to secure or bind, as with a rope,
cord, or chain
lash unbind
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stint , to restrict or limit, as in amount or number; be
sparing with
impecunious ,
lax
lassitude [lsitjd] n. ,
: a state or feeling of weariness, diminished energy, or
listlessness
lassitude : stir :: appetite : indulge (A B )
arrogance : defer :: lassitude : stir
defer , to submit to the opinion, wishes, or
decision of another through respect or in recognition of his or her
authority, knowledge, or judgment
lassitude vim, animation, verve, vitality, ebullience, effervescence,
a feeling of vigor, heartener, vigor, liveliness, fascination
vim , , ebullient vitality and energy
verve ,
latent [lit-nt] a.
: present or potential but not evident or active
latency : response :: incubation : disease (. A B
)
latent manifest
lathe [lei] n.
lathe : shape :: clasp : fasten
latitude [lttjd] n. ; (, )
1. a. the angular distance north or south of the earth's
equator, measured in degrees along a meridian, as on a
map or globe
b. a region of the earth considered in relation to its
distance from the equator
2. (astronomy) the angular distance of a celestial body
north or south of the ecliptic
3. freedom from normal restraints, limitations, or
regulations
latitude strict constraint, tight restraint, restraint, limitation
laudatory [ldtri / -t-ri] a. /
: expressing or conferring praise
* laud v.t. ~
counsel : advice :: laud : homage (EQUAL, : )
laud : admire :: lionize : admire :: vituperate : despise
commendable, laudable execrable, dispicable, blameworthy,
repugnant, unworthy, reprehensible
execrable ,
reprehensible , ,
pejorative, execrable laudatory, laudable
pejorative ,
execrable ,
laud revile, blame, deprecate, malign
revile , to assail with abusive language; vituperate
laud belittle
laudable despicable, blameworthy, repugnant, unworthy,
reprehensible
lavish [lvi] a. ; , v.t.
adj. 1. characterized by or produced with extravagance and
profusion
2. immoderate in giving or bestowing; unstinting
v.t. to give or bestow in abundance; shower: lavished
attention on his customers
unstinting bestowed liberally
excoriate extol, praise lavishly
excoriate ; to censure strongly;
denounce
lavish, prosperous mean, stint, penurious, austere, economical,
parsimonious, impecunious, stark, thrifty
stark ,
[lks] a. , ,
1. lacking in rigor, strictness, or firmness
2. not taut, firm, or compact; slack
3. loose and not easily retained or controlled
lax taut, stringent, strict, careful, attentive, conscientious
laxity intensification
[leiz] v. ,
: to be lazy; loaf
laze travail
travail n. , ; , ; ; v. ,
(toil)
leaden [ldn] a. () ,
1. made of or containing lead
2. a. heavy and inert b. listless; sluggish
3. lacking liveliness or sparkle; dull
4. downcast; depressed
5. dull, dark gray in color
leaden vivacious, buoyant, spirited, animated
vivacious , full of animation and spirit; lively
leakage [lkid] n. ,
seal : leakage :: lubricate : abrasion
lean [li:n] a. , v. , , ,
lean fat
lean straighten
leaning [l:ni] a. ; , ;
: an inclination, a tendency, or a preference
leaning disinclination
leaven [lv-n] v.t. ;
1. an agent, such as yeast, that causes batter or dough to rise,
especially by fermentation
2. an element, influence, or agent that works subtly to
lighten, enliven, or modify a whole
leaven : volume :: distill : purity
lectern [lktrn] n. ,
1. a reading desk with a slanted top holding the books from
which scriptural passages are read during a church service
2. a stand that serves as a support for the notes or books of a
speaker
ledger [ldr] n.
: a book in which the monetary transactions of a business are
posted in the form of debits and credits
[lir] ,
to look with a sidelong glance, indicative especially of sexual
desire or sly and malicious intent
stare : leer :: peruse : smattering (A >> B)
peruse ; , to read or examine,
typically with great care
leer
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leery
legacy [lgsi] n. ,
1. money or property bequeathed to another by will
2. something handed down from an ancestor or a
predecessor or from the past
legacy : predecessor :: gift : donor
legacy : predecessor :: endowment : patron
legend [ld-nd] n. ; ;
: an explanatory list of the symbols on a map or chart
glossary : text :: legend : map
legendary obscure
legendary ; extremely well known; famous or
renowned
levity [lvti] n. ,
1. lightness of manner or speech, especially when
inappropriate; frivolity
2. inconstancy; changeableness
3. the state or quality of being light; buoyancy
levity gravity, seriousness
legerdemain [ldrdmin] n. , , / ,
,
magician : legerdemain :: acrobat : tumbling :: acrobat : gymnastics
levy
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grandiose [grndius] ; ,
libertine ascetic
liberty [lbrti] n.
management unfettered liberty
management , ; ,
libretto [librtou] n.
libretto : opera :: lyrics : song
licentious [laisns] a. ,
1. lacking moral discipline or ignoring legal restraint,
especially in sexual conduct
2. having no regard for accepted rules or standards
caviler : carping :: libertine : licentious
voluble : speech :: licentious : dissoluteness
dissolute , lacking moral restraint; indulging in
sensual pleasures or vices
licentious morally restrained, virtuous, moral
licentiousness moral restraint, restraint person
lien
[lin, lin] n.
: the right to take and hold or sell the property of a debtor
as security or payment for a debt or duty
lien : claim :: subpoena : command
subpoena [sbp:n]
liken
[limp] a. , SPIRITLESS
1. to walk lamely, especially with irregularity, as if favoring
one leg
2. to move or proceed haltingly or unsteadily
limp : walk :: stutter : talk
stutter ,
limp firm
[lnin] n. , ; ()
: thread or cloth spun from flax
clay : porcelain :: flax : linen
flannel : cloth :: linen : fabric :: tin : metal
flannel
[ , ]
linger [lgri] , ;
1. to be slow in leaving, especially out of reluctance; tarry
2. to remain feebly alive for some time before dying
3. to persist
4. to proceed slowly; saunter
5. to be tardy in acting; procrastinate
lingering fleeting
linoleum [linulim] n.
varnish : wood :: wax : linoleum
lint [lint] n. ;
lint : bleeding :: brake : motion
lint : covering :: tarpaulin : garment
tarpaulin ;
lionize
[lin`aiz] v.
: to look on or treat (a person) as a celebrity
lionize denigrate, subjugate, disparage, slight, trivialize, mock,
condemn, disgrace
lissome [lsm] a. , ; ,
1. easily bent; supple
2. having the ability to move with ease; limber
lissome : lithe :: (EQUAL)
lithe [lai] ,
lissome ungainly, sordid
ungainly , , ;
limelight n. (), ()
1. a focus of public attention
2. a. an early type of stage light in which lime was heated
to incandescence producing brilliant illumination
b. The brilliant white light so produced. In this sense, also
called calcium light
limelight obscurity, anonymity
obscurity , ()
list
limerick [lmrik] n. 5
farce : performance :: limerick : poem
farce ()
limerick : poem :: lampoon : satire (A B)
lampoon ()
livid
limousine
loath [lou] a. ,
: unwilling or reluctant; disinclined
[lmzn, ---]
n.
[list] n.
: an inclination to one side, as of a ship; a tilt
list upright
lithe
[lai] a. ,
1. readily bent; supple
2. marked by effortless grace
lithe awkward, inelastic, stiff, oafish, ponderous
[lvid] a. ; ;
1. discolored, as from a bruise; black-and-blue
2. ashen or pallid
3. extremely angry; furious
livid : angry :: despondent : discouraged (A >> B)
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[loud] n. ;
: a rich source or supply
shaft : lode :: well : aquifer (A B )
shaft []
aquifer [kwfr]
[ ]
[ll / ll] v. , /
1. to move, stand, or recline in an indolent or relaxed
manner
2. to hang or droop laxly
loll move vigorously
longevity
[landvti] n. ; ; ,
(seniority)
1. a. long life; great duration of life
b. length or duration of life
2. long duration or continuance, as in an occupation
longevity brief duration
[laur] v. ,
: to look sullen : FROWN
loutish [luti] a. ;
: having the characteristics of a lout; awkward, stupid, and
boorish
lout , a person regarded as awkward and stupid; an oaf
loutish : grace :: coltish : discipline
coltish ;
genteel loutish, vulgar
genteel , ,
loyal [lil] a. ; ; ,
exorbitant : moderation :: perfidious : loyalty (OPPOSITE)
perfidious , treacherous
snub : disdain :: double cross : disloyalty
snub , ; ;
lubricate [lbrikit] v. ;
1. to apply a lubricant to
2. to make slippery or smooth
oil : lubricate :: antiseptic : disinfect
lubricate : abrasion :: seal : leakage (A prevent B)
lucid
[lsid] a. , ;
1. easily understood; intelligible
2. mentally sound; sane or rational
3. translucent or transparent
lucid : perceive :: transparent : understand :: prominent : notice
lucid murky, vague, obfuscated
lucubrate [lu:kjbreit] v. ,
: to write in a scholarly fashion; produce scholarship
lucubration [lkjubrin] n.
: laborious study or meditation
lucubration cursory consideration
cursory , , performed with haste and scant
attention to detail
lug
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[lg] v. ( )
1. to drag or haul (an object) laboriously
2. to pull or drag with short jerks
3. to cause (an engine, for example) to run poorly or hesitate
haul ,
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2. a. luxurious; opulent
b. extremely pleasing to the senses
c. voluptuous or sensual
3. overelaborate or extravagant
lush withered, sere
sere ,
[ll]
v. , , : SOOTHE n.
, ,
1. to cause to sleep or rest; soothe or calm
2. to deceive into trustfulness
lull hectic period, fastest period
hectic , characterized by intense activity,
confusion, or haste
lull intense discussion
lull revive, startle, gall, galvanize, increase activity, vehemence,
vigilance
lustrous [lstrs] a. ; , ;
1. having a sheen or glow
2. gleaming with or as if with brilliant light; radiant
numb : insensible :: burnish : lustrous
lustrous : polish :: pure : refine
luxuriant [lgrint, lkr-] a. , ; ;
,
1. a. characterized by rich or profuse growth
b. producing or yielding in abundance
2. excessively florid or elaborate
3. marked by or displaying luxury; luxurious
ascetic : luxury :: teetotaler : alcohol
teetotaler one who abstains completely from alcoholic beverages
luxuriant spartan, meager (inexpensive )
luxurious
[lg:ris] a. , , (splendid);
; (opulent); (florid),
1. fond of or given to luxury
2. marked by or contributing to luxury
3. of a sumptuous, costly or rich variety
sumptuous , ; ,
luxurious simple, austere, poor, worthless, unrefined
lullaby [llbi] n. ;
lullaby : song :: diatribe : discourse
lumber [lmbr] v. ; ( )
1. to walk or move wit heavy clumsiness
2. to move with a rumbling noise
lumber : grace :: waver : resolution (LACK)
lumber glide
lumen [lu:mn] n. [ ]
lumen : light :: decibel : sound :: volt : electricity :: watt : power
luminary [lmnri/-nri] n. ; , ;
1. an object, such as a celestial body, that gives light
2. a person who is an inspiration to others
3. a person who has achieved eminence in a specific field
master, maven : experience :: luminary : eminence
maven
luminary nonentity, nobody, ordinary person
lung [l] n.
lung : respire :: tooth : masticate
masticate (chew)
lurch [lrt] v.
: to stagger; to roll or pitch suddenly or erratically
lurch progress smoothly
lurid [lj(:)rid] adj. ,
lurid : terrify ::
lurk [lrk] v. ; ; : SKULK, SNEAK,
SLINK
1. to lie in wait, as in ambush
2. to move furtively; sneak
3. to exist unobserved or unsuspected
lurk : wait :: abscond : depart :: hoard : save (A B )
lurk : concealment :: purloin : appropriation
lurk reveal, disclose, divulge, let out, tell, uncover
lush
[l] a. ,
1. a. having or characterized by luxuriant vegetation
b. abundant; plentiful c. extremely productive; thriving
lyric [lrik]
a. ;
lyric : poem :: ballad : song :: comedian : actor
M
macabre [mkbr-] a. ,
1. suggesting the horror of death and decay; gruesome
2. constituting or including a representation of death
macabre : shudder :: hilarious : laugh
shudder ,
macabre jocund
macerate [msrit] v. ()
: to make soft by soaking or steeping in a liquid
macerate harden by drying
machination [mknin] n. , , ,
1. the act of plotting
2. a crafty scheme or cunning design for the accomplishment
of a sinister end; conspiracy
reminiscence : recollect :: machination : plot
maculate [mkjlit] v. adj. , , ,
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[mlgr]
v.
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: to feign illness or other incapacity so as to avoid duty or
work
malinger : ail :: flatter : appreciate (DEFECTIVE)
ail , to feel ill or have pain
parsimony : skimp :: malingering : shirk
skimp ;
shirk (, ) to avoid or neglect (a duty or
responsibility)
hoard : miser :: malinger : shirker
malinger : work :: shirk : duty
malinger : duty :: camouflage, dissemble : detection :: recluse :
humanity(BigBook13-4)
malleable [mlib-l] a. ( ) ;
1. capable of being shaped or formed, as by hammering or
pressure
2. easily controlled or influenced; tractable
3. able to adjust to changing circumstances; adaptable
friable : crumble :: malleable : alter
friable readily crumbled; brittle
knead : malleable :: penetrate : permeable
knead ,
malleable : shape :: irresolute : opinion
malleable : flexible :: (A=B)
malleable hard to shape
malodorous [mludrs] a.
: having a bad odor; foul
malodorous : smell :: cacophonous : sound :: jarring : sound
cacophony : sound :: malodor : scent
manacle [mnkl] n. : fetter
: a shackle for the hand or wrist : HANDCUFF
management [mnidmnt] n. ,
management ineffectiveness, unfettered liberty
manageable intractable, incorrigible
mandatory [mndtri / -t-ri] a.
: OBLIGATORY
1. required or commanded by authority; obligatory
2. of, having the nature of, or containing a mandate
mandatory : comply :: forbidden : abstain
discretionary mandatory
discretionary left to or regulated by one's own discretion or
judgment
maneuver [mn:vr] vi. (, ) ;
/,
1. to carry out a military or naval maneuver
2. to make a controlled series of changes in movement or
direction toward an objective
3. to shift ground; change tactics
4. to use stratagems in gaining an end
maneuverable [mnv-rb-l] a. ;
maneuverable intractable
mangle [mg-l] v. ,
1. to mutilate or disfigure by battering, hacking, cutting, or
tearing
2. to ruin or spoil through ineptitude or ignorance
mutilate v.t. ,
mangle praise extravagantly
mangy [mindi] a. ; ,
1. affected with, caused by, or resembling mange
2. having many worn spots; shabby
3. rundown and filthy; squalid
4. mean; contemptible
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frenzy
2. characterized by excessive enthusiasm or excitement: a
mar
march [m:rt]
1. a. to walk steadily and rhythmically forward in step with
others
marginal [mrdn-l] a. ; , ;
1. of, relating to, located at, or constituting a margin, a
border, or an edge
2. being adjacent geographically
3. written or printed in the margin of a book
4. barely within a lower standard or limit of quality
marginal pivotal
marsh [m:r] n. ,
an area of soft, wet, low-lying land, characterized by grassy
vegetation and often forming a transition zone between
water and land
marsh : sodden :: desert : arid
sodden thoroughly soaked; saturated
arid ; ,
marshy arid
marshal [mr-l] v. , n.
: to place in proper rank or position
: a high official in the household of a medieval king, prince, or
noble originally having charge of the cavalry but later
usually in command of the military forces
marshal jumble
marshy [mri]
marshy arid
a. ; ;
n.
a. , ;
martial [mr-l]
1. of, relating to, or suggestive of war
2. relating to or connected with the armed forces or the
profession of arms
3. characteristic of or befitting a warrior
martial : military :: runic : mysterious
runic ;
rune ; ,
martial peaceful, pacific
martinet [mrt-nt, ---] n.
1. a rigid military disciplinarian
2. one who demands absolute adherence to forms and rules
martinet : discipline :: pedant : learning
(gourmet : food, hack : writing )
15.PEDANT::LEARNING (0706 PBT)
(A) illusionist: misdirection
(B) dilettante: commitment
(C) renegade: allegiance
(D) martinet: discipline
(E) hack: writing
stickler : exacting :: martinet : discipline
martinet : leniency :: dabbler : dedication (hypocrite : ingenuity )
leniency , ,
lenient; inclined not to be harsh or strict; merciful, generous, or
indulgent
indulgent , , = lenient
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ommencement matriculation
commencement , , ;
marvel [mrv-l] n. , v.
1. one that evokes surprise, admiration, or wonder
2. strong surprise; astonishment
* marvelous; of the highest or best kind or quality; firstrate
marvel : quotidian ::
quotidian a. , , n.
marvel mean, indifference, calmness, triviality
marvelous mean
mean
Ignoble; base: a mean motive, Low in quality or grade;
inferior. Low in value or amount; paltry; Common or poor in
appearance; shabby
pedestrian marvelous
pedestrian ,
mattress [mtris] n.
tablecloth : table :: sheet : mattress
maturity [mtj(:)rti] n. ,
aimless : purpose :: childish : maturity (A B )
maudlin [mdlin] a. ,
: effusively or tearfully sentimental
maudlin : sentimental :: obsequious: deferential (A >> B)
maudlin : sentiment :: pedantic : scholarship
maudlin unsentimental, jovial
masquerade [mskrid] v. , ;
1. a costume party at which masks are won; a masked ball
b. a costume for such a party or ball
2. a. a disguise or false outward show; a pretense b. an
involved scheme; a charade
charade [rid] ; ( )
dissemble : information :: masquerade : feeling
dissemble ,
maven [mivn] n.
: a person who has special knowledge or experience; an
expert
maven : experience :: luminary : eminence (HAVE)
(augur : prediction DO )
massive [msiv] a. , ;
1. consisting of or making up a large mass; bulky, heavy,
and solid
2. large or imposing, as in quantity, scope, degree, intensity,
or scale
3. large in comparison with the usual amount
massive slight
master [mstr,mstr] n.
master : experience :: luminary : eminence
luminary ; ,
eminence , a position of great distinction or superiority
masterful [mst:rfl, m:s-] a. , ;
,
1. given to playing the master; imperious or domineering
2. fit to command
3. revealing mastery or skill; expert
masterful inept
inept , ;
masticate [mstkit] v. ,
1. to chew (food)
2. to grind and knead (rubber, for example) into a pulp
lung : respire :: tooth : masticate
(eye : envision, ear : resonate )
envision , to picture in the mind; imagine
resonate ,
matchless [mtlis] a. : PEERLESS
: having no match or equal; unsurpassed
matchless equal
matriculate [mtrkjlit]/[mtrkjlit] v.
: to admit or be admitted into a group, especially a college
or university
inauguration : official :: matriculation : student
inauguration (); ;
inception : termination :: matriculation : graduation (OPPOSITE)
inception , , the beginning of something, such as an
undertaking; a commencement
maverick [mv-rik] n. ; ,
: one that refuses to abide by the dictates of or resists
adherence to a group; a dissenter
dissenter : orthodox :: maverick : group
dissent to differ in opinion or feeling; to withhold
assent or approval
maverick : conformity :: extrovert : reserve
maverick follower, conformist, member
mawkish [mki] a. ;
excessively and objectionably sentimental; sickening or insipid in taste
mawkish : sentiment :: pedantic : scholarship
mawkish : sentimental :: stodgy : conservative :: foolhardy :
adventurous :: gullible : trusting (A >> B)
(peeved : annoyed (EQUAL))
stodgy , ; ,
peeve; to cause to be annoyed or resentful
mawkish unsentimental, hard-boiled, austere, dry, unsentimental
hard-boiled , , callous, unfeeling
meadow [mdou]
n. /
: land in or predominantly in grass; especially
moist low-lying usually level grassland
meadow : grass :: forest : tree
: a tract of
meager [mgr] a. ,
1. deficient in quantity, fullness, or extent; scanty
2. deficient in richness, fertility, or vigor; feeble
3. having little flesh; lean
amplitude meagerness
liberal meager
meager luxurious, luxuriant
mean [min] a. , ;
1. a. selfish in a petty way; unkind b. cruel, spiteful, or
malicious
2. ignoble; base
3. miserly; stingy
4. a. low in quality or grade; inferior b. low in value or
amount; paltry
5. common or poor in appearance; shabby
6. low in social status; of humble origins
7. humiliated or ashamed
8. in poor physical condition; sick or debilitated
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conflicting parties
2. to bring about (a settlement, for example) by working with
all the conflicting parties
3. to effect or convey as an intermediate agent or mechanism
intercessor : mediate :: translator : interpret :: augur : predict
mediation : compromise :: prosecution : conviction
prosecute , ; ,
measly [mzli] a.
: contemptibly small
measly : contemptibly :: puny : weakly
puny , , of inferior size, strength, or
significance; weak
measly grand, prodigious
medley [mdli] n.
montage : images :: medley : songs
measured [mrd] a. , ; ;
, : DELIBERATE
1. determined by measurement
2. careful; restrained
3. calculated; deliberate
4. regular in rhythm and number
5. slow and stately
6. written in meter()
* measure
* measurable = mensurable
measure : dimensions :: analyze : nature
mensurable : measure :: ameliorable : improve
measured reckless, inappropriate, irregular, extreme, unreasonable,
erratic
measurable unfathomable
mechanical [mknikl]
1. of or relating to machines or tools
2. operated or produced by a mechanism or machine
3. of, relating to, or governed by mechanics
4. performed or performing in an impersonal or machinelike
manner; automatic
5. relating to, produced by, or dominated by physical forces
mechanical emotional
meddlesome [mdlsm] a.
: inclined to meddle or interfere
*meddle v. , ; ,
[meld] v. ,
: to cause to merge
meld divide, separate
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melodious jarring
melodrama [mldr`:m] n. ,
melodrama : subtlety :: chimera : authenticity (LACK)
membrane [mmbrein] n.
pore : membrane :: door : wall :: eyelid : eye
cell : membrane :: seed : hull
n. ,
memoir [mmwr, -wr]
: An account of the personal experiences of an author.
memoir narrative
menace [mns] n. , , v. /
1. to utter threats against
2. to constitute a threat to; endanger
odious : disgust :: menacing : fear :: blatant : arrest (A B
)
odious : repugnance :: menacing : fear (A B )
odious , arousing or meriting strong dislike,
aversion, or intense displeasure
menace safeguard, yield, praise, help
mercurial [mrkjril] a. , ; , ;
,
mercurial : mood :: whimsical : behavior :: fickle : affection
fickle ,
profligate : solvent :: mercurial : committed
(profligate solvency() , mercurial
commitment(, ) )
scurrilous : propriety :: mercurial : constancy (LACK)
scurrilous ,
mercurial constant
merited [mritid] a. ,
: deserved, be worthy of or entitled or liable to
condign undeserved, unmerited
condign deserved; adequate
unsuitable, gratuitous merited
gratuitous , ; /
mend [mend] v. ,
1. to make repairs or restoration to; fix
2. to reform or correct
mend rend, worsen, deteriorate, break
rend , ;
mesh [me] v. ; ;
1. to catch in or as if in a net; ensnare
2. to cause to become engaged
3. to cause to work closely together; coordinate
disengage mesh
mendacious [mendis] a. ;
1. lying; untruthful
2. false; untrue
mendacious : probity :: archaic : currency
ambiguous : clarity :: mendacious : truth
mendacious honest, veracious, truthful, upright, straightforward,
candid, frank, authentic
veracious ,
1. honest; truthful
2. accurate; precise
mendacity [mendsti ] n. ,
1. the condition of being mendacious; untruthfulness
2. a lie; a falsehood
mendacity honesty, truthfulness, candor, veracity
veracity , ;
mendicant [mndknt] adj. n.
mendicant : beg ::
menial [mnil, -njl]
adj. /
: of or relating to servants : LOWLY
: appropriate to a servant : HUMBLE, SERVILE
: lacking interest or dignity *a menial task*
menial aristocratic, lofty
[mntr, -tr] n. a wise and
trusted counselor or teacher
instruction : mentor :: opposition : adversary (B= A
)
mentor : guidance :: oracle : prophecy :: prevaricator : deceive
oracle , ; ,
mentor : guide :: charlatan : deceive :: juggernaut : crush
charlatan [:rltn] , ,
mentor
[mrsnri] a. , ; (
) n.
1. motivated solely by a desire for monetary or material
gain
2. hired for service in a foreign army
mercenary
mesmerize [mzmraiz] v. ;
1. to spellbind; enthrall
2. to hypnotize
exhaustive : careful :: mesmerized : interesting (A >> B)
exhaustive , ; /
messy [msi] a. ,
1. disorderly and dirty
2. exhibiting or demonstrating carelessness
3. unpleasantly difficult to settle or resolve
metamorphose [mtmrfouz, -fous] v.
: to change into a wholly different form or appearance;
transform
metamorphose remain unaltered, remain the same
metamorphosis continuation without change
metaphor [mtfr, -fr] n. ;
1. a figure of speech in which a word or phrase that ordinarily
designates one thing is used to designate another, thus
making an implicit comparison
2. one thing conceived as representing another; a symbol
* metaphoric(al) adj.
metaphor : literal :: melody : spoken (A = B + alpha)
euphemism : offense :: ambiguity : comprehension (A B )
(metaphor : description (A B ) )
metaphoric, metaphorical literal
metaphysical [metfzikl] a.
* metaphysics n.
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[milk] v. ; ,
1. to press out, drain off, or remove by or as if by milking
2. (informal)
a. to draw out or extract something from, as if by milking
b. to obtain money or benefits from, in order to achieve
personal gain; exploit
milk : extract :: exploit : utilize (A >> B)
exploit ( ) ; /; /
methodical [mdikl/mid-] a. , ,
1. arranged or proceeding in regular, systematic order
2. characterized by ordered and systematic habits or
behavior
methodical slipshod, haphazard
haphazard , dependent upon or
characterized by mere chance
slipshod (, ) , ,
meticulous [mtkjls] a.
1. extremely careful and precise
2. extremely or excessively concerned with details
firmness : obdurate :: carefulness : meticulous (A << B)
obdurate ,
interested : agog :: careful : meticulous (A << B)
agog , (... )
meticulous : careful :: bumptious : assertive :: garish : colorful
(A>>B)
meticulous : cursory :: artless : cunning (OPPOSITE)
meticulousness : cursory ::
meticulous : ineptness ::
fluent : glib :: meticulous : finicky
glib , ;
meticulous careless, negligent, cursory
metrical [mtrikl] a. , ;
1. of, relating to, or composed in poetic meter
2. of or relating to measurement
scan : metrical :: parse : grammatical
scan ; to analyze (verse) into metrical
patterns
mettle [mtl] n. , ; ,
1. courage and fortitude; spirit
2. inherent quality of character and temperament
insight : discern :: mettle : endure (if someone has A, then B)
mettlesome craven
craven coward
miasma [mizm] n. ,
microscopic [maikrskpik|-kp-] adj. ,
1. a. too small to be seen by the unaided eye but large
enough to be studied under a microscope
b. of, relating to, or concerned with a microscope
2. exceedingly small; minute
3. characterized by or done with extreme attention to detail
microscopic elephantine
miff
[mif] n. ;
1. a petulant, bad-tempered mood; a huff
2. a petty quarrel or argument; a tiff
petulant , ;
huff , a fit of anger or annoyance; a pique
mime [maim] v.
1. to ridicule by imitation; mimic
2. to act out with gestures and body movement
parody : style :: mime : gesture
charade : word :: mime : story
charade ( )
mimicry [mmikri] n. , ;( )
1. a. the act, practice, or art of mimicking b. an instance of
mimicking
2. (biology) the resemblance of one organism to another or
to an object in its surroundings for concealment and
protection from predators
mimicry : camouflage :: mutation : variation
mutation , ; , ;
minaret [mnrt] n.
spire : church :: minaret : mosque
spire ; ;
mosque
minatory [mntri / -tri] a.
: of a menacing or threatening nature; minacious
minatory reassuring, non-threatening, welcoming
reassure , ;
mince [mins] v. , ; ,
1. to walk with very short steps or with exaggerated
primness
2. to speak in an affected way
sip : drink :: mince : walk
quaff : sip :: stride : mince : punch : hit
mind [maind] v. , , , , ,
, ,
1. to bring (an object or idea) to mind; remember
2. to become aware of; notice
3. to heed in order to obey
4. to attend to
5. to be careful about
6. a. to care about; be concerned about b. to object to; dislike
7. to take care or charge of; look after
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mind like
mind : obedience ::
mindful
a. , , (attentive)
: attentive; heedful
mindful unaware, oblivious
mingle [mgl] v. , : INTERMIX
1. to mix or bring together in combination, usually without
loss of individual characteristics
2. to mix so that the components become united; merge
mingle separate
sequester permit to mingle
sequester ; ,
minion [mnjn] n. , ;
1. an obsequious follower or dependent; a sycophant
2. a subordinate official
3. one who is highly esteemed or favored; a darling
underling one of lesser rank or authority than another; a
subordinate
minion : dependent :: groveler : petitioner (A = B )
grovel , ; ,
minion mastermind
mastermind ,
mint
[mint] n. ;
1. a place where the coins of a country are manufactured
by authority of the government
2. a place or source of manufacture or invention
3. an abundant amount, especially of money
strike : medal :: mint : coin
strike 1 a quantity of coins or medals struck at the
same time
mint modicum
minuscule [mnskjl]
a. , ;
1. very small; tiny
2. of, relating to, or written in miniscule
small : minuscule :: moist : saturated (A << B)
minuscule : letter :: minnow : fish
minnow ( )
minuscule
minute [mainjt, mi-] n. a. ,
1. exceptionally small; tiny
2. beneath notice; insignificant
3. characterized by careful scrutiny and close examination
minute : agenda :: log : itinerary ( )
minute gargantuan
gargantuan [ga:rgntjun] of immense size, volume, or
capacity; gigantic
minutia, minutiae [minji, mai-] n.
: a small or trivial detail
minutia : details :: quibbles : objections
minutia essential point, crucial aspect, highlight, major concern,
lengthy account, lengthy document, main concern, vital feature,
critical elements, major point, major aspect
miracle [mrkl] n.
prodigy : person :: miracle : occurrence
prodigy , ; ,
ordinary miraculous
mirage [mir] n. , ,
1. an optical phenomenon that creates the illusion of water,
often with inverted reflections of distant objects, and
results from distortion of light by alternate layers of hot
mire
mirth [mr] n.
: gladness or gaiety, especially when expressed by laughter
mirth : laughter :: approval : applause
misanthropy [misnrpi] n.
: hatred or mistrust of humankind
misanthrope : humane :: ascetic : voluptuary
humane , ;
voluptuary
misanthrope : people :: xenophobe : strangers
xenophobe ()
beneficent : misanthropist :: ? : daredevil
daredevil () recklessly bold
misbehave [msbihiv] v.t.
: to behave badly
disapproval : castigation :: misbehavior : crime (A << B)
castigate , ;
lapse : error :: misbehavior : criminality (A << B)
lapse () , ; () ,
reprobate : misbehave :: sycophant : fawn
reprobate , a morally unprincipled person
mischievous [mstivs] a. ; ,
1. causing mischief
2. playful in a naughty or teasing way
3. troublesome; irritating
4. causing harm, injury, or damage
insensitive : boor :: mischievous : imp
imp ; ,
tightfisted : parsimonious :: brattish : mischievous (EQUAL)
tightfisted close-fisted; stingy
brat a child, especially a spoiled or ill-mannered one
rapscallion : mischievous :: sluggard : lazy
rapscallion ,
misconstrue [misknstr:] v. , /
: to mistake the meaning of; misinterpret
misconstruction n. ,
misconstruction : interpret :: delusion : belief (disguise : identity,
misprint : revision )
misconstrue : interpret :: misjudge : assess
miscreant [mskrint] n. a. , ;
: one who behaves criminally or viciously
miscreant : criminal :: temporizer : compromising
miscreant : villainous :: recidivist : relapsing :: sybarite : self-indulgent ::
equivocator : evasive
miscreant law-abiding individual, saint
misdemeanor [msdimnr] n. ,
1. a misdeed
2. (law) an offense less serious than a felony
* misdemean v.t. n.
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[misrd] v. ;
(misinterpret)
1. to read inaccurately
2. to misinterpret or misunderstand
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misread interpret correctly
misrepresent [msrepriznt] v.t.
1. to give an incorrect or misleading representation of
2. to serve incorrectly or dishonestly as an official
representative of
tamper : adjust :: misrepresent : communicate
tamper , ;
mite
[mait] n. , , ()
1. a. a very small contribution or amount of money
b. a widow's mite
2. a very small object, creature, or particle
3. a coin of very small value
mite : creature :: speck : amount
speck , ; a tiny amount
mitigate [mtgit] v.
: to moderate (a quality or condition) in force or intensity;
alleviate
* unmitigated adj. , ,
mitigate : severe :: qualify : general
mitigate : intensity :: abbreviate : length
mitigate exacerbate, aggravate
exacerbate ;
unmitigated attenuated
mnemonics [nimniks / -m-] n.
: a system to develope or improve the memory
hygienics : health :: mnemonics : memory :: regimen : health
hygienics ;
regimen , ; , ,
mnemonics : remember :: staff : walk
mobility [moublti] n. ;
1. the quality or state of being mobile
2. the movement of people, as from one social group, class,
or level to another
splint : mobility :: ballast : instability :: purchase : slippery (PREVENT)
purchase a grip applied manually or mechanically to move something or
prevent it from slipping
splint : immobilize :: duct : convey (A is for B)
splint : immobilize :: sling : support
sling ;
mockery [mkri, m()k-] n.
1. scornfully contemptuous ridicule; derision
2. a specific act of ridicule or derision
3. an object of scorn or ridicule
4. a false, derisive, or impudent imitation
5. something ludicrously futile or unsuitable
diatribe : abuse :: burlesque : mockery
burlesque , ()
patronize : condescension :: deride : mockery
patronize , ; /;
mock : imitate :: taunt : challenge ()
mockery tribute
moderate [m-d-rit / md-] a. ,
1. being within reasonable limits; not excessive or extreme
2. not violent or subject to extremes; mild or calm;
temperate
3. a. of medium or average quantity or extent b. of limited or
average quality; mediocre
4. opposed to radical or extreme views or measures,
especially in politics or religion
* immoderate adj. , , ,
,
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mollify : anger :: heart : dejection (OPPOSITE)
mollify rouse, vex, rankle, antagonize, ire, pique, nettle, discomfit,
exacerbate, exasperate, bait, disaffect, rankle, chafe, enrage, incite to
anger, provoke, madden, aggravate, intensify, make worse
rankle ; , to cause persistent irritation or
resentment
ire ~
pique ; to cause to feel resentment or
indignation; to provoke or arouse
nettle ; to irritate; vex
discomfit /; , ;
disaffect , ,
rankle ;
mollifying provoking, belligerent, caustic, harsh
mollification inflammation
mollycoddle [mlikdl / mlikdl] v.t.
: to be overprotective and indulgent toward
chide : pillory :: humor : mollycoddle (A << B)
chide , to scold mildly so as to correct or improve;
reprimand
pillory ; to expose to ridicule and
abuse
mollycoddle treat harshly
molt
[moult] n. v. () : ECDYSIS
: to shed periodically part or all of a coat or an outer covering,
such as feathers, cuticle, or skin, which is then replaced by
a new growth
ecdysis [kdisis] (, )
molt : feathers :: shed : hair
molt : bird :: slough : snake
slough [slf] ( ) ;
fledging molt
fledge ( ) ;
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moratorium : activity :: reprieve : punishment
reprieve
n. v. (), ,
()
fast : consumption : repose : labor : moratorium : activity
fast : eat :: moratorium : act
moratorium : activity :: respite : labor :: repose : work :: tourniquet :
bleeding :: brake : speed
respite , ; ()
morbid [mrbid] a. ; ,
1. a. of, relating to, or caused by disease; pathological or
diseased
b. psychologically unhealthy or unwholesome
2. characterized by preoccupation with unwholesome
thoughts or feelings
3. gruesome; grisly
morbid wholesome, hale, salubrious
hale , free from infirmity or illness; sound
[mrd-nt] a. , , :
INCISIVE, TRENCHANT n.v.( )
1. a. bitingly sarcastic
b. incise and trenchant
2. bitingly painful
3. serving to fix colors in dyeing
incisive , ; penetrating, clear, and sharp, as in
operation or expression
mordant genial, amicable, flattering
genial , ,
mordant
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mosquito [msktou] n.
mosquito : netting :: impurity : filter (B prevent A)
moth-eaten [m()tn] a.() ; ,
a theory
1. eaten away by moth larvae
2. old and timeworn; stale
3. shabby; decrepit
larva [l:rv] (pl. -vae [-vi:]) ,
moth-eaten fresh and new, vigorous
motile [mutil / -tail] a. ;
: moving or having the power to move spontaneously
motility stasis
stasis ; a condition of balance among various forces;
motionlessness
motivate [mutvit] v.
: to provide with an incentive; move to action; impel
exculpatory : absolve :: motivational : stir
exhortation : motivate :: invective : discredit
exhortation , ,
exhort to urge by strong, often stirring argument, admonition, advice,
or appeal
invective , ,
fungi : ecologist :: motivation : psychologist
motley [mtli / mt-] a. ;
1. having elements of great variety or incongruity;
heterogeneous
2. having many colors; variegated; parti-colored
motley colorless, unique, unvaried, homogeneous, harmonious,
uniforn, identical
mottle [mtl / mtl] v.t.
: to mark with spots or blotches of different shades or
colors
striated : groove :: mottled, dappled : spot
mottle blanch
blanch , ; (, )
mottled homogeneous, solid
solid acting together; unanimous
[mrnfl] a. ; , :
GLOOMY
1. feeling or expressing sorrow or grief; sorrowful
2. causing or suggesting sadness or melancholy
jovial mournful
revelry mournfulness
revelry ; boisterous merrymaking
mournful
movement [mvmnt] n.
stanza : poem :: movement : symphony
muddy [mdi] a. , ; ,
1. full of or covered with mud
2. a. not bright or pure b. not clear; cloudy, as with
sediment
3. lacking luster; dull
4. confused or vague
muddy clear
muffle [mf-l] v.t. ( )
1. to wrap up, as in a blanket or shawl, for warmth,
protection, or secrecy
2.
a. to wrap of pad in order to deaden the sound
b. to deaden (a sound)
3. to make vague or obscure
4. to repress; stifle
[ml] v. : PONDER
: to go over extensively in the mind; ponder
multifarious [mltf-ris] a. ;,
[mndein, --] a. , ; :
COMMONPLACE
1. of, relating to, or typical of this world; secular
2. relating to, characteristic of, or concerned with
commonplaces; ordinary
secular ,
mundane : originality :: lassitude : stir
mundane exotic, extraordinary, unusual, spiritual, unearthly
mundane inspired, fabulous, uncommon, remarkable
inspired () of such surpassing brilliance or excellence
as to suggest divine inspiration: an inspired musician; an inspired
performance
municipality [mjunsplti] n. (, ) ;
1. a political unit, such as a city or town, incorporated for
local self-government
2. a body of officials appointed to manage the affairs of a
local political unit
munificent [mjunfs-nt] a. ,
1. very liberal in giving; generous
2. showing great generosity
miser : munificent :: zealot : blase
blase ,
munificent parsimonious
munificence stinginess
munificent mean, ungenerous, niggardly
mural [mj-rl] n.
a very large image, such as a painting or an enlarged
photograph, applied directly to a wall or ceiling
petrograph, petroglyph : rock :: mural : wall
murky [mrki] a. , , ;,
1. dark, dim, or gloomy
2. a. heavy and thick with smoke, mist, or fog; hazy
b. darkened or clouded with sediment
3. lacking clarity or distinctness; cloudy or obscure
murky clear, limpid, lucid, pellucid
pellucid , ; , transparently clear in style or
meaning
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murmur [mrmr] v. ; ,
1. to make a low, continuous, indistinct sound or
succession of sounds
2. to complain in low mumbling tones; grumble
croon : sing :: murmur : speak
croon
glimmer : dazzle :: murmur : resound (A << B)
glimmer ,
mushroom
nag
[mru()m] n. a. () vi. ;
1. to multiply, grow, or expand rapidly
2. to swell or spread out into a shape similar to a
mushroom
mushroom : fungus :: (A B() ) ::
[ng] v. ;
1. to annoy by constant scolding, complaining, or urging
2. to torment persistently, as with anxiety or pain
torment , ,
naive
[nv] a., ; ,
: CREDULOUS
1. a. lacking worldliness and sophistication; artless
b. simple and credulous as a child; ingenuous
2. lacking critical ability or analytical insight; not subtle or
learned
3. a. not previously subjected to experiments b. not having
previously taken or received a particular drug
* naivete n. , ,
guileful : naive :: tardy : prompt
nave worldly, disingenuous, calculating, experienced, sophisticated,
cultivated
worldly , ,
naivete deception, guileness, artfulness, disingenuity
mutation [mjuti-n] n. , ; , ;
1. the act or process of being altered or changed
2. an alteration or change, as in nature, form, or quality
mimicry : camouflage :: mutation : variation
mutate remain the same
mutable [mj:tbl] adj. , ,
* mutability n.
mutability constancy, stability
mute
narcissism [nrsiszm] n.
: excessive love or admiration of oneself
narcissist : self-absorbed :: sycophant : obsequious
narcissism : love :: guilt : blame (A >> B)
narrative [nrtiv] n. ,
1. a narrated account; a story
2. the art, technique, or process of narrating
abbreviation : sentence :: synopsis : narrative (A = B )
mutter [mt:r] v. ,
1. to speak indistinctly in low tones
2. to complain or grumble morosely
mutter : indistinct :: drone : monotonous
mutter speak distinctly
narrow [nrou]
1. of small or limited width, especially in comparison with
length
2. limited in area or scope; cramped
3. lacking flexibility; rigid
4. barely sufficient; close
5. painstakingly thorough or attentive; meticulous
narrow catholic, ebullient
myopia [maiupi] n. ,
: lack of discernment or long-range perspective in thinking
or planning
* myopic a.
myopic discerning, farseeing, shrewd, farsighted, prescient
shrewd , ;
myopia prescience
prescience [pr:ins] , knowledge of actions or events
before they occur; foresight
myriad [mrid] a.
1. constituting a very large, indefinite number; innumerable
2. composed of numerous diverse elements or facets
countless, innumerable, myriad, untold : number :: everlasting,
interminable : duration
myriad : number :: everlasting : duration
myriad few, scarce, scanty
a. , ,
nascent [nsnt, ni-]
: coming into existence; emerging
nascent moribund, fully established, mature, developed
moribund , ; ,
natty [nti] a. : SMART
: neat, trim, and smart; dapper
dapper ,
natty slovenly, sloppy, frowzy
slovenly , ; ,
sloppy , ;
frowzy , ;
nauseate
mysterious [mistris]
1. of, relating to, or being a mystery
2. simultaneously arousing wonder and inquisitivenss, and
eluding explanation or comprehension
mysterious scrutable
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neophyte : experience :: boor : sensitivity
[nbjls] a. ; , ; :
INDISTINCT, VAGUE
1. cloudy, misty, or hazy
2. lacking definite form or limits; vague
3. of, relating or, or characteristic of a nebula
nebulous distinct, unambiguous, clear, limpid, pellucid
limpid , ; ,
nepotism [nptzm] n. ,
: favoritism shown or patronage granted to relatives, as in
business
nepotism : relative :: cronyism : friend
cronyism favoritism shown to old friends without regard for their
qualifications, as in political appointments to office
nepotism : favoritism :: embezzlement : fraud
embezzle / to take (money, for example) for one's own
use in violation of a trust
nepotism : relative :: jingoism : nationality
jingoism
chauvinism ; ( , )
nepotism : kinship :: jingoism : nationality
nepotism : kinship :: egalitarianism : equality
nerve [nrv] v.t.
: to give strength or courage to
* nervy adj. ,
appall embolden, nerve
appall to fill with consternation or dismay
nervy diffident, self-effacing
nervy , ,
diffident , , ,
negate [nigit] v. , ; /
1. to make ineffective or invalid; nullify
2. to rule out; deny
* negative [ngtiv] n.
negation affirmation
nestle [ns-l] v.
1. to settle snugly and comfortably
2. to lie in a sheltered position
3. to draw or press close, as in affection; snuggle
snuggle , ,
nestle flinch, recoil, shrink
flinch ,
recoil ; ,
shrink ; ; , to avoid or neglect (a
duty or responsibility)
negligent [nglidnt] a. ,
1. characterized by or inclined to neglect, especially
habitually
2. characterized by careless ease or informality; casual
negligence care
adj. /
nether [nr]
: situated down or below : LOWER
: situated or believed to be situated beneath the earth's
surface
nether aloft, upper/uprose
nettle [ntl] v. ; ,
1. to string with or as if with a nettle
2. to irritate; vex
imputable : nettle ::
imputable () possible to impute or ascribe;
attributable
impute , ,
nettle conciliate, gratify, mollify
nemesis [nmisis] n. , ,
nemesis benefactor
neologism [ni:ldzm|-l-] n.
1. a new work, expression, or usage
2. the creation or use of new words or senses
neologism archaism, well-established expression
neophyte [nfit] n. ; , : PROSELYTE
1. a recent convert to a belief; a proselyte
2. a beginner or novice
proselyte [prslit] , a new convert to a doctrine or
religion
inexperience : neophyte :: irresponsibility : wastrel
wastrel [wistrl] ; ,
neutralize [njtrliz] v. ;
1. to make neutral
2. to counterbalance or counteract the effect of; render
ineffective
neutralize : effectiveness :: (A remove B)
nexus [nkss] n. , ;
1. a means of connection; a link or tie
2. a connected series or group
3. the core or center
nexus disconnected components, hiatus
nexus trivial point
nibble [nb-l] v.
1. to bite at gently and repeatedly
2. to eat with small, quick bites or in small morsels
3. to wear away or diminish bit by bit
nibble : eat :: sip : drink :: glean : acquire (whine : talk, grin : smile
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wanderer
nomad : domicile :: freelancer : employer
domicile [dmsil] ,
nomadic settled
nominal
[nmnl / nm-] a. , , :
TRIFLING, INSIGNIFICANT
1. a. of, resembling, relating to, or consisting of a name or
names
b. assigned to or bearing a person's name
2. existing in name only
3. insignificantly small; trifling
nominal : significance :: disjunctive : unity
nominal : figurehead :: absolute : autocrat
figurehead
autocrat ,
nonchalant
[nn-lnt, nn-lnt/nn-] a. , ,
,
: seeming to be coolly unconcerned or indifferent
* nonchalance n. ,
anonymous : identify :: nonchalant : excite :: unplumbed : depth ::
unpredictable : vagary
nonchalance perturbation
perturbation , ,
nonchalant affected, perturbed, anxious, concerned, attentive
niggard [ngrd]
adj.
niggard generous
nil
nimble [nmbl] a. , ; ,
1. quick, light, or agile in movement or action; deft
2. quick, clever, and acute in devising or understanding
nimble : clumsiness ::
nimble clumsy, awkward, inept, maladroit, sluggish, lethargic,
fumbling, bumbling
nip
[nip] v.
: to sip (alcoholic liquor) in small amounts
nip : drink :: jot : write
jot , to write down briefly or hastily
nitpick [ntpk] v.
: to be concerned with or find fault with insignificant
details; QUIBBLE, CARP, CAVIL
nitpick : criticize :: cavil : object ( : ::
: )
cavil ; to find fault
unnecessarily; raise trivial objections
nitpicker : criticize :: quibbler : cavil
quibble ; /
nitpicker : criticize :: preacher : sermon
noisome [nism] a. ,
1. offensive to the point of arousing disgust; foul
2. harmful or dangerous
noisome : repugnance :: (A B )
noisome beneficial, pleasant, healthy, appealing, attractively
fragrant, savory
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oafish [ufi] a.
oaf [ouf] , : BOOB a person regarded as stupid or clumsy
oasis
[ouisis] n.
glade : wood :: oasis : desert
glade
oath
[ou] n. , ; , ; ,
1. a. a solemn, formal declaration or promise to fulfill a
pledge, often calling on God or a sacred object as witness
b. the words or formula of such a declaration or promise
c. something declared or promised
2. an irreverent or blasphemous use of the name of God or
something held sacred
3. an imprecation; a curse
oath : promise :: contract : agreement
obdurate
[bd:jurit] a. ,
1. a. hardened in wrongdoing or wickedness; stubbornly
impenitent
b. hardened against feeling; hardhearted
2. not giving in to persuasion; intractable
firmness : obdurate :: carefulness : meticulous
meticulous ,
energetic : frenetic :: firm : obdurate :: frugal : penurious (A << B, B
)
frenetic wildly excited or active; frantic; frenzied
penitent : obdurate :: skeptic : credulous (OPPOSITE)
penitent , feeling or expressing remorse for one's
misdeeds or sins
obdurate : budge :: lachrymose : cheer (OPPOSITE)
budge , ()
obdurate : move :: irrepressible : quell (OPPOSITE)
obdurate, intransigent amenable, complaisant, flexible, pliable, easily
swayed, tractable, pliant, toward, yielding, swayable, compliant
toward; favoring success or a good outcome; propitious.
obedient [oubdint] a.
: dutifully complying with the commands, orders, or
instructions of one in authority
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obeisance
obey
[o:ubi] v. , ; ... ;
(, )
1. to carry out or fulfill the command, order, or instruction
of
2. to carry out or comply with (a command, for example)
obey : deference ::
obey break, command, disregard, order, transgress, violate
* obligation n. , , , ,
* obligatory [blgtri, blig- / blgtri, blig-] a.
, : MANDATORY, REQUIRED
1. morally or legally constraining; binding
2. imposing or recording an obligation
3. of the nature of an obligation; compulsory
obligation betrayal, treason, disobedience
discretionary, selective, elective obligatory
discretionary ,
oblige [blid] v. , ; () ;
1. to constrain by physical, legal, social, or moral means
2. to make indebted or grateful
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3. to do a service or favor for
elected : obliged ::
obliging [blidi] a. : ACCOMMODATING
: ready to do favors for others; accommodating
accommodate , ; ,
visionary : idealistic :: officious : obliging (A >> B)
visionary , , ; ,
officious ;
discommode oblige
discommode / to put to inconvenience; trouble
oblique [blk, ou-] a. , : INDIRECT, OBSCURE
oblique direct, straightforward, linear, truthful, open, honest,
aboveboard
obliterate [bltrit] v. ;
1. to do away with completely so as to leave no trace
2. to wipe out, rub off, or erase (writing or other markings)
obliterate : remove :: distract : confuse :: inspire : infuse
infuse (, )
inter : burial :: obliterate : removal
inter; to place in a grave or tomb; bury
obliterate : remove :: saturate : wet (A >> B)
ineffable : description :: irradicable : obliterate
ineffable incapable of being expressed;
indescribable or unutterable
unexpurgated obliterated
expurgate (, ) ;
obliterate create, preserve, validate, restore, establish
oblivious [blvis] a. , ;
1. lacking all memory; forgetful
2. lacking conscious awareness; unmindful
* oblivion n. ( )
erudite : fathom :: oblivious : neglect
oblivious : attentive :: (OPPOSITE)
forget : oblivion :: forgo : disuse
forgo , to abstain from; relinquish
disuse , the state of not being used or of being no longer in
use
oblivious aware, vigilant, mindful, cognizant
cognizant , full informed; conscious
fame oblivion, obscurity (unpopular )
obloquy [blkwi / b-] n. ; ,
1. abusively detractive language or utterance; calumny
2. the condition of disgrace suffered as a result of abuse or
vilification; ill repute
adulation, veneration obloquy
obnoxious [bnks|bnk-] a. , ; ,
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[bskjr]
a. , ; , :
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MYSTERIOUS v. ~ , ~
obscure : clarify ::
legendary, explicit, manifest obscure
obscure clarify, elucidate, define, distinct, unequivocal
obscure famous, obvious
elucidate; to make clear or plain, especially by explanation; clarify
obscurity celebrity, certitude, clarity, limelight
limelight A focus of public attention
celebrity , ;
obsequious [bskwis] a. ,
: full of or exhibiting servile compliance; fawning
condescending : patronize :: obsequious : fawn (EQUAL, :)
condescending displaying a patronizingly superior
attitude
libertine : dissolute :: sycophant : obsequious :: narcissist : self
absorbed
dissolute , lacking moral restraint; indulging in
sensual pleasures or vices
frugal : penurious :: deferential : obsequious (A << B)
sycophantic : obsequious :: rebellious : resurgent
obsequious : attentiveness :: parsimonious : frugality (A >> B)
obsequious : fawn :: compliant : yield
obsequious : servile :: belligerent : assertive (B A, A B
)
querulous : complaint :: obsequious : flattery
querulous ;
obsequious supercilious, imperious, assured
supercilious , feeling or showing haughty disdain
observable [bz:rvbl] adj. , ,
observable indiscernable
obtuse
observant a. , ,
observatory [bzrvtri / -tri]
observatory : astronomy ::
n.
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politic : offend :: aloof : associate
politic , ; ;
[
]
peccadillo : offense :: cameo : sculpture :: knoll : hill :: creek : river ::
hillock : mountain
offhand [()fhnd, f-] ad.
: without preparation or forethought; extemporaneously
offhand premeditated
officious
[fs] a. , :
MEDDLESOME
1. marked by excessive eagerness in offering unwanted
services or advice to others
2. informal; unofficial
attentive : officious :: refined : snobbish (A << B + excess)
(absorbed : engrossed (EQUAL) )
engross () , to occupy exclusively; absorb
officious : meddle :: disaffected : rebel (EQUAL, : )
meddle ;
visionary : idealistic :: officious : obliging (A >> B)
obliging , ready to do favors for others;
accommodating
officious : attentive :: parsimony : frugal (A >> B)
officious pertinent, unobtrusive
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[oupsti]
n. ,
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opulent [pjlnt / p-] a. ,
1. possessing or exhibiting great wealth; affluent
2. characterized by rich abundance; luxuriant
opulent spartan
oracle [()rkl, r-] n. , ; ,
mentor : guidance :: oracle : prophecy
mentor a wise and trusted counselor or teacher
oration [rin] n.
1. a formal speech, especially one given on a ceremonial
occasion
2. a speech delivered in a high-flown or pompous manner
oration : hear :: novel : read
orator : address :: preacher : sermon
orchestra [rkstr] n.
orchestra : musician, violinist s:: pack : wolf
pack , ; (, ) , ,
pilot : ship :: conductor : orchestra
instrumentalist : orchestra :: actor : troupe
troupe [tru:p] ( ) , ()
ordinary [rdnri / dnri] a.
1. commonly encountered; usual
2. a. of no exceptional ability, degree, or quality; average
b. of inferior quality; second-rate
3. having immediate rather than delegated jurisdiction, as a
judge
ordinary miraculous, inimitable
miraculous , = preternatural, phenomenal
inimitable defying imitation; matchless
ore [ :r] n. ,
: a mineral or an aggregate of minerals from which a valuable
constituent, especially a metal, can be profitably mined or
extracted
mine : ore :: quarry : rock, stone
orient [:rint] v. ; () ;
orient confuse
original [rdnl] a.
1. preceding all others in time; first
2. a. not derived from something else; fresh and unusual b.
showing a marked departure from previous practice; new
3. productive of new things or new ideas; inventive
4. being the source from which a copy, reproduction, or
translation is made
babble : sense :: parrot :: originality
babble ,
parrot ;
hodgepodge : uniformity :: cliche : originality (OPPOSITE)
hodgepodge a mixture of dissimilar ingredients; a jumble
banal, commonplace, trite original
pastiche original work
pastiche [pst:] ; (hodgepodge)
[rnri]
a. , (stubborn); , (low,
vile); (common)
mean-spirited, disagreeable, and contrary in disposition;
cantankerous
cantankerous , (quarrelsome); ,
;
ornery benign, expansive
expansive (, , ) , , ,
disposed to be open, communicative, and generous; outgoing
ornery
ornithology
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[rnldi / -l-]
n.
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oust instate
instate , (install) to establish in office; install
[stnsbl / s-] a. , / ,
(apparent)
: represented or appearing as such; ostensive
ostensible substantial, genuine, inward, real, actual, authentic
ostensible inapparent, hidden, questionable, doubtful, uncertain,
equivocal
[aust] v. ;
1. to eject from a position or place; force out
2. to take the place of, especially by force; supplant
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equivocation : ambiguous :: oxymoron : incongruous
oxymoron : contradictory :: mishap : catastrophic
P
pachyderm [pkidrm] n. (,, )
pachyderm : animal :: ant, aphid : insect
pacify [psfi] v.t. : SOOTHE
1. to ease the anger or agitation of
2. to end war, fighting, or violence in; establish peace in
pacify : infuriate :: (OPPOSITE)
solace : grief :: pacification : anger
solace [sls] , ; , comfort in sorrow, misfortune,
or distress; consolation
tantrum pacification
tantrum , a fit of bad temper
rankle, incite, vex, gall pacify, appease, soothe
rankle () ; , to cause persistent
irritation or resentment
gall () ;
discommode pacificate, ease, mollify
discommode , to put to inconvenience;
trouble
pacific truculent, choleric
truculent , , ; ,
pack [pk] n. , ; (, ) , ,
orchestra : musician :: pack : wolf
pact
[pkt] n. , ; ,
1. a formal agreement, such as one between nations; a treaty
2. a compact; a bargain
compact an agreement or a covenant
covenant a binding agreement; a compact
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palpitate : beat :: skyrocket : ascend
palpitate be calm, steady
palter [pltr] vi. : EQUIVOCATE
: to talk or act insincerely or misleadingly
1. to talk or act insincerely or misleadingly; equivocate
2. to be capricious; trifle
3. to quibble, especially in bargaining
quibble , ;
palter : candor :: budge : diehard (A lack B)
budge ; () to move or stir slightly; to
alter a position or attitude
die-hard stubbornly resisting change or clinging to a seemingly
hopeless or outdated cause
palter : candor :: betray : loyalty
palter : equivocate :: (A=B)
palter candor
paltry
[pltri] a. , ; , : INFERIOR,
TRASHY, TRIVIAL
1. lacking in importance or worth; trivial
2. wretched or contemptible
paltry : covet :: despicable : admire, adore
paltry : significance :: random : predictability
paltry significant, important, substantial, considerable
pall
[pmi] a. ; : FLOURISHING,
PROSPEROUS
palmy : prosperity :: draconian : severity
[plpbl] a. , :
MANIFEST, TANGIBLE
1. capable of being handled, touched, or felt; tangible
2. easily perceived; obvious
* palpability n.
palpable : touch :: pliable : mold : eatable : eat
palpable subtle, elliptical, imperceptible
elliptical, elliptic ; (); ,
pan
[pn] n. v. ,
n. (informal) severe criticism, especially a negative review
ex. gave the film a pan / on the pan ( )
v. To criticize or review harshly
pan : harsh :: barb : caustic
pan rave, extol, eulogize
rave ;
panache
[pn, -n] n. ; , :
VERVE
: dash or flamboyance in style and action
dash ; , ; , ; a spirited quality in action
or style; verve
verve ( ) ,
panache humility, unremarkable behavior, dullness
palpable
palpitate [plptit] v.
: to beat rapidly and strongly : THROB
pandemonium [pndmunim] n. , ; :
TUMULT a very noisy place; wild uproar or noise
pandemonium serenity
pander [pndr] v. ;, ()
1. to act as a go-between or liaison in sexual intrigues;
function as a procurer
2. to cater to the lower tastes and desires of others or exploit
their weakness
panegyric [pndrik, -di-] n.
1. a formal eulogistic composition intended as a public
compliment
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n. ;
pantry [pntri] n.
1. a small room or closet, usually off a kitchen, where food,
tableware, linens, and similar items are stored
2. a small room used for the preparation of cold foods
pantry : comestible, food :: armory : weapons :: closet, wardrobe :
clothes
comestible n. ,
armory, arsenal
parable [prbl] n. ;
: a simple story illustrating a moral or religious lesson
parable : story :: homily : lecture (A B)
homily ,
paradigmatic [prdigmtik] adj.
: example, pattern
: an outstandingly clear or typical example or archetype
paradigm n. : EXAMPLE, PATTERN
1. an example that serves as pattern or model
2. a list of all the inflectional forms of a word taken as an
illustrative example of the conjugating or declension to
which it belongs
paradigm, paragon : imitate :: reverence : regard
corrective : amend :: paradigm : exemplify
paradise [prdais] n. , ;
pleasurable : paradisical :: tiring : grueling (A << B)
paradox [prdks / -dks] n. ,
1. a seemingly contradictory statement that may
nonetheless be true
2. one exhibiting inexplicable or contradictory aspects
3. an assertion that is essentially self-contradictory, though
based on a valid deduction from acceptable premises
4. a statement contrary to received opinion
apophasis : claim :: oxymoron : paradox
apophasis allusion to something by denying that it will be
mentioned
paradox : contradictory :: epigram : wise
paradoxical congruent, common
paragon [prgn, -gn] n. ,
: a model of excellence or perfection of a kind; a peerless
example
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curt : words :: parsimonious : resource
curt , ; ,
parsimonious : waste :: taciturn : speak
parsimony : waste :: teetotaler : alcohol
miser : parsimonious :: spendthrift : prodigal
parsimonious : save :: prodigal : spend
parsimony : skimp :: malingering : shirk
skimp ;
parsimonious : spend :: peremptory : fawn
peremptory , ; ,
parsimony : miser :: rebellious : insurgent
insurgent ,
parsimony : frugality :: hubris : pride (A >> B)
hubris , overbearing pride or presumption; arrogance
tightfisted : parsimonious :: brattish : mischievous (EQUAL)
brat a child, especially a spoiled or ill-mannered one
mischievous , ; ,
parsimonious : profligacy :: impetuous : hesitance (OPPOSITE)
profligate , ;
parsimonious : liberal :: obtuse : keen (OPPOSITE)
hidebound : innovation :: parsimonious : expenditure
parsimony : frugality :: hubris : self-confidence (A >> B)
parsimonious : prodigal :: (OPPOSITE)
largesse parsimony
largesse [la:rds] , generosity of spirit or
attitude
parsimonious wasteful, liberal, profligate, prodigal, munificent, lavish,
generous, extravagant
partial
[p:r:l] a. , ; (biased),
(unfair);
1. of, relating to, being or affecting only a part; not total;
incomplete
2. favoring one person or side over another or others; biased
or prejudiced
3. having a particular liking or fondness for something or
someone
partial dispassionate
dispassionate ; ,
parquetry [prkitri] n. ()
fresco : wall :: parquetry : floor (A decorate B)
parquet : wood :: mosaic : glass
parrot [prt] v.
: to repeat or imitate, especially without understanding
babble : sense :: parrot : originality (LACK)
parry [pri] v. ,
1. to deflect or ward off (a fencing thrust, for example)
2. to deflect, evade, or avoid
duty : shirk :: question : parry
parry : question :: deflect : criticism :: shirk : duty
deflect , to turn aside or cause to turn
aside; bend or deviate
parse [prs] v. ;
1. to break (a sentence down) into its component parts of
speech with an explanation of the form, function, and
syntactical relationship of each part
2. to describe (a word) by stating its part of speech, form,
and syntactical relationships in a sentence
3. to examine closely or subject to detailed analysis,
especially by breaking up into components
scan : metrical :: parse : grammatical
specimen : dissect :: sentence : parse
specimen ;
dissect , ; /
partisan
particularize [prtkjlriz] v. ;
: SPECIFY
1. to mention, describe, or treat individually; itemize or
specify
2. to make particular as opposed to general or universal
illustrate : pictures :: particularize : details
[prtzn / prtizn] n. , ; ,
partition [p:rt:n]
partition unity
n. , ; ; ;
passionate
a. , , ;
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pastoral [pstrl|p:s-] a. n.
pastoral urban
pat [pt] adj. , , adv.
pat not suitable, unrehearsed
paucity [psti] n. ,
1. smallness of number; fewness
2. scarcity; dearth
paucity slew, profusion, plethora, abundance, excess, glut
slew a large amount or number; a lot
patchwork [ptw:rk] n. ; ;
1. needlework consisting of varicolored patches of material
sewn together, as in a quilt
2. a collection of miscellaneous or incongruous parts; a
jumble
patent
pathogen [pdn] n.
: an agent that causes disease, especially a living
microorganism
stimulation : arousal :: pathogen : diseasing (A cause B)
pathology [pldi / -l-] n. ;
1. the scientific study of the nature of disease and its
causes, processes, development, and
consequences
2. a departure or deviation from a normal condition
pathological a.
pathological normal
[ptn] n. ( ) ; ( ) ,
();
1. a thin greenish layer, usually basic copper sulfate, that
forms on copper or copper alloys, such as bronze, as a
result of corrosion
2. the sheen on any surface, produced by age and use
3. a change in appearance produced by long-standing
behavior, practice, or use
the patina of wealth : the attractive or impressive
appearance of wealth ()
patina essential quality
[pek] v. () , ;
: to kiss briefly and casually
peck : kiss :: glance : look
peck : kiss :: peep : sound
peep ( )
to peek furtively; steal a quick glance
patina
pedagogue
[pdgg, -gg] n. , ;
1. a schoolteacher; an educator
2. one who instructs in a pedantic or dogmatic manner
pedagogue : instruct :: exponent : advocate
stickler : exact :: pedagogue : indoctrinate
indoctrinate , ( )
patrician [ptrn] n. ,
base partician
pedant
patriot [pitrit, -t / ptrit] n.
: one who loves, supports, and defends one's country
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[pelf] n. ,
: wealth or riches, especially when dishonestly acquired
pelf : impecunious :: experience : green
pedestal [pedstl] n. ( ) , ; , ;
pellucid [pl:sid] a. ;
1. admitting the passage of light; transparent or translucent
2. transparently clear in style or meaning
venial : excuse :: pellucid : understand
venial ; , easily excused or forgiven;
pardonable
murky pellucid, clear, limpid
limpid , ;
predestine [pri:dstin] v. ,
: to fix upon, decide, or decree in advance; foreordain
predestine leave to chance
pedestrian [pdstrin] a. ; ,
: COMMONPLACE, UNIMAGINATIVE, ORDINARY
1. of, relating to, or made for pedestrians
2. going or performed on foot
3. undistinguished; ordinary
pedestrian : surprise :: (A B )
pedestrian admirable, inspired, imaginative, uncommon, marvelous,
rarefied, noble, inspired
pediatrics [p:ditriks] n.
pediatrics : children :: dermatology : skin
peep
[pip] v. ( )
1. to utter short, soft, high-pitched sounds, like those of a
baby bird
2. to speak in a hesitant, thin, high-pitched voice
to peek furtively; steal a quick glance
peep : sound :: peck : kiss :: pinch : quantity
peer
[pi:r] n. , ;
1. a person who has equal standing with another or others,
as in rank, class, or age
2. a. a nobleman b. a man who holds a peerage by descent
or appointment
peer a subordinate person
peerless
[pirlis] a. , (matchless)
: being such as to have no match; incomparable
peerlessness equality
peeve
pen [pen] n.
swan : pen :: sheep : ewe
ewe
penalty [pnlti] n. ,
1. a punishment established by law or authority for a crime
or an offense
2. something, especially a sum of money, required as a forfeit
for an offense
3. the disadvantage or painful consequences resulting from
an action or a condition
exempt : liability :: pardon : penalty
exempt (, )
penchant [pntnt] n. , : LIKING
: a definite liking; a strong and continued inclination
penchant aversion, dislike, repugnance
penetrate [pntrit] v. , , ,
1. To enter or force a way into; pierce.
2. a. To enter into and permeate: The insistent rhythm of
piano practice penetrated each room of the house. b. To
cause to be permeated or diffused; steep.
3. To pierce or enter into something; make a way in or
through something.
*. impenetrate : v.t.~ ()
impervious : penetrate :: ineluctable : avoid
ineluctable , not to be avoided or escaped;
inevitable
knead : malleable :: penetrate : permeable
penetrating obtuse
penetrating , , ,
penitent [pntnt] a. , : REPENTANT
: feeling or expressing remorse for one's misdeeds or sins
penitent : obdurate :: skeptic : credulous (OPPOSITE)
penitent : contrition :: belligerent : aggression
penitent : remorse :: (EQUAL, : )
remorse moral anguish arising from repentance for past
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[pep] n.
: brisk energy or initiative and high spirits
pep languor, enervation
perambulate [prmbjleit] v. , ;
1. to walk through
2. to inspect (an area) on foot
foot : perambulate :; eye : observe
perceivable [prs:vbl] adj. () ,
perceivable : discernable :: impulsive : spontaneous
perceive neglect
perceptible [prsptbl] a. /
PERCEIVABLE;
capable of being perceived by the senses or the mind
relevant : crucial :: perceptible : obvious (A << B)
perceptible : hidden :: (B A )
perceptible : discernable :: impulsive : spontaneous
percipient [prspint] adj. (), n.
()
percipient : discernment ::
perdition [prdn] n.
1 a archaic : utter destruction b obsolete
2 a . eternal damnation
b. HELL
perdition salvation
[prl] , () ;
1. a. imminent danger
b. exposure to the risk of harm or loss
2. something that endangers or involves risk
peril security
: LOSS
peregrinate [pregreneit] v.
peregrinate stick to one place
perennial
;
1. lasting or active through the year or through many years
2. a. lasting an indefinitely long time; enduring
b. appearing again and again; recurrent
perennial fleeting
fleeting; passing quickly; ephemeral
a. , ; ,
perilous [prls] a.
: full of or involving peril; dangerous
perilous : danger :: impartial : mediator
perimeter [prmitr]
n. ,
1. (mathematics) a. a closed curve bounding a plane area b.
the length of such a boundary
2. the outer limits of an area
3. a fortified strip or boundary usually protecting a military
position
country : border :: circle : perimeter
periodical [piridikl|-d-] n. ( ) ,
1. periodic
2. a. published at regular intervals of more than one day
b. of or relating to a publication issued at such intervals
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pervade
* impermeable adj. ,
knead : malleable :: penetrate : permeable
opacity : light :: impermeability : fluid
impenetrate : permeable ::
impenetrate : ~ ()
penetrate : impermeable :: change : immutable :: profane : inviolable
inviolable ,
waterproof permeable
impermeable easily penetrated
diaphanous impermeable of light
peripatetic
[prpttik] a. ;
, : ITINERANT
: walking about or from place to place; traveling on foot
peripatetic stationary, rooted, sedentary
peripheral [prfrl] a. ; , ; ,
1. related to, located in, or constituting an outer boundary
or periphery
2. perceived or perceiving near the outer edges of the
retina
3. of minor relevance or importance
4. auxiliary
* periphery n.
immaterial : relevance :: peripheral : center (OPPOSITE)
immaterial , ; ,
peripheral : pivotal ::
crux peripheral element
peripheral central, in essence, crucial, vital, pivotal, intrinsic,
needed
periphery important part, core, center, central area
permissive [prmsiv] a. , ; ,
1. granting or inclined to grant permission; tolerant or lenient
2. permitting discretion; optional
permissiveness intolerance
permute [prmj:t] v. ~ , ,
To change the order of
permute : rearranged :: condense : abridged
permute make stable, keep consistently
pernicious [prns] a. , ; : DEADLY
1. tending to cause death or serious injury; deadly
2. causing great harm; destructive
pernicious : injure :: disingenuous : mislead
disingenuous , not straightforward or candid;
crafty
pernicious, virulent salutary, salubrious
salutary , ,
perish [pri] v. ; ,
1. to die or be destroyed, especially in a violent or untimely
manner
2. to pass from existence; disappear gradually
perish survive
perjure [p :rd3:r] v.
: to render (oneself) guilty of perjury by deliberately
testifying falsely under oath
perjure depose, attest
depose /;
perorate [prrit] v. ;
1. to conclude a speech with a formal recapitulation
2. to speak at great length, often in a grandiloquent manner;
declaim
peroration : speech : coda : sonata
persecute
persevere
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[prt] a.,,;(, )
1.trim and stylish in appearance; jaunty
2. high-spirited; vivacious
3. impudently bold; saucy
pertain [prtin] v. ;
1. to have reference; relate
2. to belong as an adjunct, part, holding, or quality
3. to be fitting or suitable
pertain be irrelevant
pertinacious [prtnis] a. ,
1. holding tenaciously to a purpose, belief, opinion, or
course of action
2. stubbornly or perversely persistent
* pertinacity n. , , , ,
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philanthropist : beneficence :: comedian : humor
resourceful : inventiveness :: philanthropic : geniality :: philanthropic :
mercy
philanthropist : endow :: prevaricator : mislead
philanthropist : eleemosynary ::
eleemosynary [lmsnri] ,
philippic [filpik] n. , []
( Demosthenes Macedonia Philip 2
12 )
: a verbal denunciation characterized by harsh, often
insulting language; a tirade
brevity : epigram :: condemnation, vituperation : philippic
petrify [ptrfai] v. , ; ;
phlegmatic
[flegmtik] a. , ; , :
IMPASSIVE
: having or suggesting a calm, sluggish temperament;
unemotional
intractable : manage :: phlegmatic : provoke (A = B )
phlegmatic : unsettled :: (OPPOSITE)
phlegmatic : arouse :: (A = B )
phlegmatic : vivid ::
phlegmatic unsettled, spirited, vivacious, sprightly, lively, vivid,
exhilarated
petty
petulant [ptlnt] a. , , ;
;
1. unreasonably irritable or ill-tempered; peevish
2. contemptuous in speech or behavior
peevish ; ,
phantom [fntm]
phantom actual
n. , adj. , ,
173
[pain] vi. , ()
1. to feel a lingering, often nostalgic desire
2. to wither or waste away from longing or grief
longing : pine :: remorse : rue
remorse , moral anguish arising from repentance for past
misdeeds; bitter regret
rue , to feel regret, remorse, or sorrow for
needle : pine :: leaf : oak
pine show disinterest, become invigorated
pinion [pnjn] v.
1. to disable or restrain by binding the arms
2. to bind fast : SHACKLE
pinion emancipate
pinnacle [pnkl] n. ; ,
1. (architecture) a small turret or spire on a roof or buttress
2. a tall, pointed formation, such as a mountain peak
3. the highest pint; the culmination
pinnacle nadir, lowest point
nadir ; (, ) ,
pinpoint
[pnpint] n. () (); v.
() a. ,
: something extremely small or trifling / a very small
or sharp point / a point on a map marking a precise
location or target
: To locate or identify with precision. /To take precise
aim at: pinpoint a target. /To direct attention to: We
pinpointed the flaws in his argument.
: Meticulously precise: measured the line with
pinpoint accuracy/Extremely small; minuscule: pinpoint
creatures.
pinpoint approximation, exam cursorily, imprecision
pinpoint colossal, crop, elephantine, enormous, gargantuan,
prodigious, tremendous
colossal [klsl] (gigantic),
gargantuan [ga:rgntjun] ,
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piquant
[pknt] a. () , ; , :
SPICY
1. pleasantly pungent or tart in taste; spicy
2. a. appealingly provocative b. charming, interesting, or
attractive
piquant : insipid :: (OPPOSITE)
piquant : pallid ::
piquant flat, vapid, insipid, pallid, balmy, bland, dull
vapid ( ) , ; , ,
pallid ,
pique [pik] v. , ;
1. to cause to feel resentment or indignation
2. to provoke; arouse
3. to pride (oneself)
pique mollify, gratify, calm, appease, compliment, assuage, flatter
pirate [pirt] n. ; ;
1. a. one who robs at sea or plunders the land from the sea
without commission from a sovereign nation
b. a ship used for this purpose
2. one who preys on others; a plunderer
3. one who makes use of or reproduces the work of another
without authorization
4. one that operates an unlicensed, illegal television or radio
station
plunder /;
pirate : take :: forge : copy
pitch [pit] n. ; , ; , ;
pitch : sound :: color : light
pitfall [ptf :l] n. ,
1. an unapparent source of trouble or danger; a hidden
hazard
2. a concealed hole in the ground that serves as a trap
pitfall safety
pith
[pi] n. ,
: the essential or central part; the heart of essence
pith unimportant point, superficial element, insignificant part
pithy [pi] a. ,
1. precisely meaningful; forceful and brief
2. consisting of or resembling pith
pithy : concise :: replete : abundant
pithiness : aphorism :: exaggeration : caricature
pithy prolix, verbose, diffuse, wordy, insubstantial, insignificant,
loquacious (unsubstantial )
prolix ,
circumlocution pithy utters
pithy incoherently prolix
pitiless [ptilis] a. ,
: having no pity; merciless
pitiless clement
clement , ; ,
pittance [ptns] n. ;
1. a meager monetary allowance, wage, or remuneration
2. a very small amount
pittance : allowance :: rivulet : stream (A << B)
rivulet , a small brook or stream; a streamlet
pittance : money, allowance :: rivulet : stream (A = small B)
cornucopia, abundance, crop lack, pittance
pixel [pksl] n.
image : pixel :: mosaic : tile
placate
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[plikeit, plk-]
v.t. ,
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2. expressing or suggesting sadness; plaintive
plaintive , expressing sorrow; mournful or melancholy
plangent muffled, muted
plantation [plnti:n] n. , ;
1. an area under cultivation
2. a group of cultivated trees or plants
3. a large estate or farm on which crops are raised, often by
resident workers
4. a newly established settlement; a colony
plantation : tobacco :: media : bacteria
plasticity [plststi] n. ,
plasticity rigidity
plateau [pltu] n. , ;
1. an elevated, comparatively level expanse of land; a
tableland
2. a relatively stable level, period, or state
plateau : change :: respite : activity (LACK)
platitude [plttjd] n. ; ,
1. a trite or banal remark or statement, especially one
expressed as if it were original or significant
2. lack of originality; triteness
postulate : presumed :: platitude : banal (EQUAL)
postulate ;
equivocation : ambiguous :: platitude : banal
platitude original observation
plaudit [pldt] n. (); ,
: enthusiastic expression of praise or approval
plaudit disapprobation, harsh criticism, unfavorable criticism
plausible [plzbl] a. ,
1. seemingly or apparently valid, likely, or acceptable;
credible
2. giving a deceptive impression of truth, acceptability, or
reliability; specious
; a plausible storyteller
* implausable adj. , ,
rationalization : plausible :: obfuscation : indiscernible (rationalize = to
make plausible. obfuscate = to make indiscernible)
rationalize ~ , (, )
implausible believable, credible
plausible unlikely, equivocal, far-fetched, improbable, unsubstantial,
flimsy
plausible, reasonable incoherent, incredible
incoherent ( ) , ,
playbill [plibil] n. ,
A poster announcing a theatrical performance
playbill : cast :: letter : signature :: recipe : ingredient (A have B)
playbill : actor :: letter : signature :: recipe : ingredient (A have B)
pleat [pli:t] n.
: a fold in cloth made by doubling the material upon itself and
then pressing or stitching it into place
perforate : hole :: pleat : fold
plebeian [plb:n] a. , , , n. ,
fusty : freshness :: plebeian: prestige
plenitude [plnitu:d] n. , ;
1. an ample amount or quantity; an abundance
2. the condition of being full, ample, or complete
plenitude dearth
n. / /
pleonasm [plnzm]
: the use of more words than those necessary to denote mere
175
[pld / pld] v. ;
1. to move or walk heavily or laboriously; trudge
2. to work or act perseveringly or monotonously; drudge
drudge to do tedious,
unpleasant, or menial work
plod flit
flit , to move about rapidly and
nimbly
nimble , ; ,
plodding easy and light, meteoric
plot
[plt / plt] v. , ; ,
pluck [plk] v. , ,
n. , ;
v. 1. to remove or detach by grasping and pulling abruptly
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with the fingers; pick
2. to pull out the hair or feathers of
3. to remove abruptly or forcibly
4. to give an abrupt pull to
n. resourceful courage and daring in the face of difficulties;
spirit
* plucky , , ,
pluck : quit :: pride : grovel (A B )
grovel , ;
horn : blow :: harp : pluck( )
pluck cowardice, coward, spinelessness
pluck insert
plucky craven
plucky , , having or showing courage and
spirit in trying circumstances
plumage [pl:mid] n. () ; ,
1. the covering of feathers on a bird
2. feathers used ornamentally
3. elaborate dress; finery
plumage : bird :: foliage : bush
plumb [plm] v. , a. ,
1. to determine the depth of with a plumb; sound
2. to test the verticality or alignment of with a plumb
3. to straighten or make perpendicular
4. to examine closely or deeply; probe
plumb : depth :: assess : value :: verify : accuracy
assess [ss] ( ) to estimate the value of
(property) for taxation
plumb : depth :: measure : dimensions :: calibrate : diameter :: survey :
poll :: gauge : pressure
unplumbed : depth :: unpredictable : vagary : anonymous : identity
unplumbed (unfathomed)
vagary an extravagant or erratic notion or action
plumb examine cursorily/superficially
plumb horizontal
plummet [plmit] v. ;
1. to fall straight down
2. to decline suddenly and steeply
fall, descend : plummet :: move : dart :: utter : blurt (A << B)
dart , to move suddenly and rapidly
plummet : fall :: swerve : turn (A >> B)
swerve , to turn aside or be turned aside from a
straight course
waft : plummet :: meander : dash (OPPOSITE)
waft ( ) to cause to go gently and smoothly through
the air or over water
plummet : ascend :: (OPPOSITE)
plummet ascend, rise sharply
plump [plmp] a. , ;
1. well-rounded and full in form; chubby
2. abundant; ample
svelte plump
svelte , ; slender or graceful in
figure or outline; slim
plurality [plurlti] n. ,
1. the state or fact of being plural
2. a large number or amount; a multitude
plurality rarity
plutocracy [plu:tkrsi] n. ; ,
1. government by the wealthy
2. a wealthy class that controls a government
3. a government or state in which the wealthy rule
plutocracy : wealth :: gerontocracy : age
gerontocracy ,
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podiatry [pditri] n.
podiatrist : feet :: dermatologist : skin
polymorphous invariant
pompous [pmps / pm-] a. ,; ,
1. characterized by excessive self-esteem or exaggerated
dignity; pretentious
2. full of high-sounding phrases; bombastic
* pomp n.
pompous : bombast :: nonsensical : drivel :: exaggerated : hyperbole
bombast , grandiloquent, pompous speech or
writing
pompous : confident :: garish : colorful (A >> B)
pontificate : pompous :: scoff : derisive :: drawl : slow :: bluster :
loud :: prate : aimless
scoff , to mock at or treat with derision
bluster ;
prate to talk idly and at length; chatter
pomp simplicity, modesty, unpretentiousness
pompous modest
podium [pudim]
n. /
1 : a low wall serving as a foundation or terrace wall: as
a. one around the arena of an ancient amphitheater serving
as a base for the tiers of seats
b. the masonry under the stylobate of a temple
2 a. a dais especially for an orchestral conductor
b. LECTERN
polarize [pulriz] v. ;
1. to induce polarization in; impart polarity to
2. to cause to concentrate about two conflicting or
contrasting positions
* polarity n. , ,
polarity coalescence, reconciliation, accord, connection
polarize make compatible, unify, coalesce
coalesce , ,
polemic [plmik, pou-] n. , ;
1. a controversial argument, especially one refuting or
attacking a specific opinion or doctrine
2. a person engaged in or inclined to controversy, argument,
or refutation
polemic : disputatious :: invective : abusive
invective , ,
polemical compromising, conciliatory, congruent
conciliate , ;
poach [pout] v.
to cook in a boiling or simmering liquid
poach : cook :: (A B )
polish [pli / pl-] v. , ; ;
/
1. to make smooth and shiny by rubbing or chemical action
2. to remove the outer layers from(grains of rice) by
rotation in drums
3. to free from coarseness; refine
4. to remove flaws from; perfect or complete
rustic, untutored, gauche polished
rustic ; , ; , ,
gauche , ; , lacking social polish;
tactless
politic [plitik / pl-] a. , ; , ;
,
1. using or marked by prudence, expedience, and
shrewdness; artful
2. using, displaying, or proceeding from policy; judicious
3. crafty; cunning
politic : offend :: aloof : associate
politic unsophisticated, injudicious, officious, tactless, maladroit,
unwise
officious ,
pollster [pulstr] n.
: one that takes public-opinion surveys; polltaker
exponent : advocate :: pollster : canvass
exponent ; one that speaks for, represents, or
advocates
advocate / to speak, plead, or argue in favor of
canvass ; ;
pollyanna [plin / pl-]
n.
: a person regarded as being foolishly or blindly optimistic
polymorphous [p lim:rfs|p -] a. ,
ponder [pndr|pn-] v. ,
: to reflect or consider with thoroughness and care
ponder : consider :: scrutinize : observe (A>>B)
ponderable [pnd:rb:l] a. ; ,
: considerable enough to be weighted or assessed;
appreciable
ponderable inappreciable
ponderous [pndrs / pn-] a. ; ,
1. having great weight
2. unwieldy from weight or bulk
3. lacking grace or fluency; labored and dull
ponderous ethereal, gossamer, lively, slight
ethereal [iril] , ; , ; ,
ponderous vibrant, brisk, graceful and light, frisky
vibrant , ; ( ) , ;
,
brisk , ;
frisky , energetic, lively, and playful
pontificate
[pntfikit / pn-] v. ,
;
1. to speak or express opinions in a pompous or dogmatic
way
2. to administer the office of a pontiff
dogma , ; , ;
pontificate : pompous :: scoff : derisive :: drawl : slow :: bluster :
loud :: prate: aimless
scoff , , an expression of derision or scorn
bluster ;
prate , to talk idly and at length;
chatter
pontificate : speak :: strut, swagger : walk
strut to walk with pompous bearing; swagger
swagger ;
pontificate : dogmatic :: swagger : rodomontade
pontificating : condescending :: peeved : annoyed (EQUAL)
peeve , to cause to be annoyed or resentful
pontificate : dogmatic :: swagger : rodomontade
rodomontade n. a. v. , ,
swagger ;
pontificate comment tentatively, suggest diffidently, speak tentatively,
speak modestly, speak calmly, speak diffidently
tentative , ; ,
diffident , ; ,
pontifical humble, meek
meek , ; ,
porcelain
177
[prslin]
n.
[pzit / pz-] v. , ; :
POSTULATE
1. to affirm or assume the existence of; postulate
2. to put forward, as for consideration or study; suggest
3. to place firmly in position
posit, postulate deny as false, deny
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postulate [pstlit / ps-] v. ;
1. to make claim for; demand
2. to assume or assert the truth, reality, or necessity of,
especially as a basis of an argument
3. to assume as a premise or axiom; take for granted
postulate : presumed :: platitude : banal (CHARACTER)
postulate deny as false
posture [pstr /ps-] v. ;
1. to assume an exaggerated or unnatural pose or mental
attitude; attitudinize
2. to assume a pose
attitudinize / to assume an affected attitude
posturer : unaffected :: bigot : tolerant (A=B )
posture behave naturally
pot [pt / pt] n. , ;
lobster : pot :: (B = A )
potable [putbl] a. : DRINKABLE
: fit to drink
water : potable :: meat : edible
potable : beverage :: habitable : dwelling
habitable , suitable to ive in or on;
inhabitable
potable undrinkable
potboiler [ptbilr|pt-] n. ( ) /
: a literary or artistic work of poor quality, produced quickly
for profit
doggerel : verse :: potboiler : article
potentate [putntit] n. , ; ,
1. one who has the power and position to rule over others; a
monarch
2. one who dominate or leads a group or an endeavor
virtuoso : skill :: potentate : power (A have B)
potentate subject, powerless person
subject , , ; ;
potentiate [poutniit] v. ,
1. to make potent or powerful
2. to enhance or increase the effect of (a drug)
3. to promote or strengthen (a biochemical or physiological
action or effect)
deactivate potentiate
pout
[paut] v. , ; () :
SULK
1. to exhibit displeasure or disappointment; sulk
2. to protrude the lips in an expression of displeasure or
sulkiness
sulk , to be sullenly aloof or withdrawn, as in
silent resentment or protest
sullen , ; ,
wince : pain :: smile : pleasure :: pout : displeasure :: sneer : contempt
wince , to shrink or start involuntarily, as in pain
or distress
pout grin
grin to draw back the lips and bare the teeth, as in mirth or
good humor
mirth , gladness and gaiety, especially when expressed by
laughter
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* precipitous
precipice : steepness :: defile : narrowness
defile v. , ; , n. /
,
precipitous level, gradual sloping
level ,
precipitant [prispitnt] a. ; n.
n. a substance that causes a precipitate to form when it is
added to a solution
solvent precipitant
precipitate
[prisptit] v. ; a.
,
1. to throw from or as if from a great height; hurl downward
2. to cause to happen, especially suddenly or prematurely
precipitate retard, dilatory, deliberate, impede, forestall
precipitation [prisptin] n. , ; , ; ,
precarious
precaution
1. an action taken in advance to protect against possible
danger or failure; a safeguard
2. caution practiced in advance; forethought or
circumspection
precedent [prsdnt] n. a.
n. 1. a. an act or instance that may be used as an example
in dealing with subsequent similar instances
b. (law) a judicial decision that may be used as a standard
in subsequent similar cases
2. convention or custom arising from long practice
preempt : precedence :: acquire : possession
preempt ; ()
unique : precedent :: unexceptionable : oppose :: infinite : end
unexceptionable : opposition :: unique : precedent
unexceptionable , beyond any
reasonable objection; irreproachable
precede v. , ,
precede ensue
precipice [prspis] n. , ; ,
1. an overhanging or extremely steep mass of rock, such as
a crag or the face of a cliff
2. the brink of a dangerous or disastrous situation
preclude
[prikld] v. , , ()
, : PREVENT
1. to make impossible, as by action taken in advance; prevent
2. to exclude or prevent (someone0 from a given condition or
activity
preclude to make possible
preclude enclose (, , )
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prefiguration derivative
derivative a. n. ,
preference
predilection propensity to dislike
propensity , an innate inclination; a tendency
predicate [prdkeit] v. ~ ~ , ~ ()
[prdkit] adj. ,
1. to base or establish (a statement or an action, for
example): He predicates his argument on the facts.
2. to state or affirm as an attribute or a quality of
something: The sermon predicated the perfectibility of
humankind
3. to carry the connotation of; imply
4. logic. to make (a term or an expression) the predicate of
a proposition
5. to proclaim or assert; declare
preeminent [primnnt] a. , :OUTSTANDING
: superior to or notable above all others
* preeminence , , ,
preeminence : importance :: preponderance : weight
preponderance , superiority in weight, force, importance,
or influence
efface bring to preeminent
preeminent negligible, subsidiary
preeminence neligibility, unimportance
preempt [primpt] v. ; ()
1. to appropriate, seize, or take for oneself before others
2. a. to take the place of; displace
b. to have precedence or predominance over
3. to gain possession of by prior right or opportunity,
especially to settle on (public land) so as to
obtain the right to buy before others
preempt : precedence :: acquire : possession
preen
[prin] v. ( ) , ; :
PRIMP
1. a. to smooth or clean (feathers) with the beak or bill
b. to trim or clean (fur) with the tongue, as cats do
2. to dress or groom (oneself) with elaborate care; primp
3. to take pride or satisfaction in (oneself); gloat
preen : self-satisfaction :: fume : anger (A = B )
fume (, ) ; ,
ingenuous : dissemble :: raffish : preen :: polite : snub
dissemble ,
raffish , , ,
snub ;
miser : hoard :: dandy : preen :: sycophant : fawn :: pundit : opine
preen ruffle, rumple
ruffle , , ; ,
rumple to wrinkle or form into folds or creases
preface [prfis] n.
1. a. a preliminary statement or essay introducing a book
that explains its scope, intention, or background and is
usually written by the author
b. an introductory section, as of a speech
2. something introductory; a preliminary
preface : book :: overture : symphony
preface epilogue, afterword, conclusion, appendix
prefatory conclusive
preference [prfrns] n. ,
preference : insistence ::
prefigure [prifgjr] v. ,
1. to suggest, indicate, or represent by an antecedent form
or model; presage or foreshadow
2. to imagine or picture to oneself in advance
adj.
prejudice [prddis] n. , v.
1. a. an adverse judgment or opinion formed beforehand or
without knowledge or examination of the facts
b. a preconceived preference or idea
2. the act or state of holding unreasonable preconceived
judgments or convictions
3. irrational suspicion or hatred of a particular group, race, or
religion
4. detriment or injury caused to a person by the preconceived,
unfavorable conviction of another or others
prejudiced disinterested
preliminary [prilmnri / -nri] a. , ,
: prior to or preparing for the main matter, action, or
business; introductory or prefatory
premeditated [primdtitid] a.
: characterized by deliberate purpose, previous consideration,
and some degree of planning
premeditated impulsive, offhand, extemporized, accidental,
spontaneous, unintentional, inadvertent, chance
chance a. ,
premonition [primnn] n. ,
1. a presentiment of the future; a foreboding
2. a warning in advance; a forewarning
preoccupation [pri:kjpi:n] n. , ; ,
1. the state of being preoccupied; absorption of the attention
or intellect
2. something that preoccupies or engrosses the mind
3. occupation of a place in advance; preoccupancy
impartial : preoccupation ::
preoccupation unconcern
preponderant [pripndrnt / -pn-] a. ,
: having superior weight, force, importance, or influence
* preponderance
preeminence : importance :: preponderance : weight
preeminent , superior to or notable above all others;
outstanding
preponderant commensurate, secondary, subordinate, unimportant,
subsidiary, insignificant, concomitant, negligible, minor, lesser
(subsequent )
commensurate , ; ; ,
subsidiary , ; ;
concomitant ; occurring or existing concurrently;
attendant
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[prsid, prisid] n. ; ; v. () :
FORETELL, PREDICT
1. an indication or a warning of a future occurrence; an
omen
2. a feeling or an intuition of what is going to occur; a
presentiment
3. prophetic significance or meaning
harbinger : presage :: archetype : exemplify
harbinger ; , one that indicates or foreshadows
what is to come; a forerunner
archetype , ,
[privil] vi. , ; :
TRIUMPH
1. to be greater in strength or influence; triumph
2. to be or become effective; win out
3. to be most common or frequent; be predominant
4. to be in force, use, or effect; be current
prevail yield
prevalent [prvlnt] a. ,
: widely or commonly occurring, existing, accepted, or
practiced
prevalent unusual, absent
prevalence absence, rareness
prevaricate [privrkit] vi. : EQUIVOCATE
: to stray from or evade the truth
blandishment : coax :: prevarication : deceive
equivocation : clarity :: prevarication : truth
prevaricator : mislead :: philanthropist : endow
prevaricate : candid ::
prevarication veracity
veracity ; ,
prickly [prkli] a. ; , ;
1. having prickles
2. marked by prickling or tingling or smarting
3. a. causing trouble or vexation; thorny b. bristling or
irritable
prickly smooth
prime [praim] a. , , ; , ;
,
1. first in excellence, quality, or value
2. first in degree or rank; chief
3. first or early in time, order, or sequence; original
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prime uninitial
primordial [praimrdil] a. ,
1. being or happening first in sequence of time; original
2. primary or fundamental
primordial most recent
primp [primp] v.
: to dress or groom (oneself) with meticulous or excessive
attention to detail
primp : vain :: gloat : smug
gloat to feel or express great, often malicious,
pleasure or self-satisfaction
smug , ; ,
principal [prnspl] a. , n. () ,
1. first, highest, or foremost in importance, rank, worth, or
degree; chief
2. of, relating to, or being financial principal, or a principal
in a financial transaction
queen : monarch :: principal : administrator
principal subordinate
principled [prnspld] a. , , ~
principled unscrupulous
prissy [prsi] a. , : FINICKY
: excessively or affectedly prim and proper
pristine
[prstin, -tain] a. , ;
, : PURE
1. a. remaining in a pure state; uncorrupted by civilization
b. remaining free from dirt or decay; clean
2. of, relating to, or typical of the earliest time or condition;
primitive or original
pristine : decay :: stable : fluctuation :: still : movement
adulterate : pristine :: dismantle : united
pristine : blemish ::
blemish n. v. , , to mar or impair by a flaw
pristine tainted, squalid, contaminated, corrupted by civilization,
decayed
taint , ; , ; , to become affected with
decay or putrefaction; spoil
squalid , ;
privation [praivin] n. , ; ,
1. a. lack of the basic necessities or comforts of life
b. the condition resulting from such lack
2. an act, condition, or result of deprivation or loss
privation repletion
repletion , ,
privilege [prvlid] n. : PREROGATIVE
prerogative , ; ( )
probe [proub] v.
1. to explore with or as if with a probe
2. to delve into; investigate
probity [prubti, prb-] n. ,
: complete and confirmed integrity; uprightness
probity : disingenuous :: :
probity mendacity, unscrupulousness, shiftiness, duplicity,
shiftiness, crookedness (impertinence )
scrupulous , ; ,
shifty , ; , ;
crooked
proclivity [prouklvti] n.
: a natural propensity or inclination; predisposition
meek ; ,
miser : parsimonious :: spendthrift : prodigal
prodigal : conserved :: (OPPOSITE)
parsimonious : save :: prodigal : spend (A >> B)
parsimonious () excessively sparing or frugal
prodigality : spending :: gluttony : eating
prodigality husbandry, penury
prodigal frugal, parsimonious, economical, thrifty, stingy, conserved
prodigious
[prdds] a. , (enormous);
,
1. impressively great in size, force, or extent; enormous
2. extraordinary; marvelous
prodigious slight
prodigy [prddi / prd-] n. , ; /
1. a person with exceptional talents or powers
2. an act or event so extraordinary or rare as to inspire
wonder
3. a portentous sign or event; an omen
prodigy : person :: miracle : occurrence
mediocrity : prodigy :: (OPPOSITE)
mediocrity , ; ()
mediocre moderate to inferior in quality; ordinary
prodigious : amaze ::
profane [prfin, prou-] v. ; / :
DESECRATE
1. to treat with irreverence
2. to put to an improper, unworthy, or degrading use; abuse
profane : inviolable :: pierce : impenetrable :: change : immutable
(OPPOSITE)
inviolable , secure from violation or profanation
profane, impure inviolable, unviolated, treat reverently, moral,
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prolific barren, unproductive
reverent, gracious
proffer [prfr / prfr] v. : TENDER, OFFER
: to offer for acceptance; tender
tender to offer formally
proffer retain, withhold
proficient [prfnt] a.
: having or marked by an advanced degree of competence,
as in an art, vocation, profession, or branch of learning
proficient inept, incompetent
profligate
prolix [proulks] a. ,
1. tediously prolonged; wordy
2. tending to speak or write at excessive length
* prolixity n.
aphorism : prolix :: euphemism : offensive
concise, pithy, succinct, taciturn, terse prolix
prolixity succinctness, conciseness, extreme brevity, rereness
prologue [prul:g] v. , ; ,
1. an introduction or a preface, especially a poem recited to
introduce a play
2. an introduction or introductory chapter, as to a novel
3. an introductory act, event, or period
prologue : novel :: preamble : statute
prologue epilogue
prolong [proul, -l] v.t.
1. to lengthen in duration; protract
2. to lengthen in extent
prolong truncate
prominent
[prmnnt / prm-] a. ; ; ,
: CONSPICUOUS
1. projecting outward or upward from a line or surface;
protuberant
2. immediately noticeable; conspicuous
3. widely known; eminent
prominent : notice :: lucid : understand
eclipse make more prominent, bring to more prominent
prominence unimportance, triviality, obscurity (fraudulence )
prominent inconspicuous
n. , ; ; ,
proliferate [proulfrit] v. ;
1. to grow or multiply by rapidly producing new tissue,
parts, cells, or offspring
2. to increase or spread at a rapid rate
proliferate dwindle, decrease in amount
dwindle to become gradually less until little remains
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propensity
[prpnsti] n.
: an innate inclination; a tendency
propensity aversion, antipathy, distaste
[prpriti] n. , ; ,
(appropriateness)
1. the quality of being proper; appropriateness
2. conformity to prevailing customs and usages
indecorous : propriety :: boorish : sensitivity
propriety impertinentness
prosaic
[prouzeiik]
[prstreit/prstrit] v., , a.
,
1. to make (oneself) bow or kneel down in humility or
adoration
2. to throw down flat
3. to lay low; overcome
prostrate erect, upright, strengthen, uphold, stand upright, stand
a. , : DULL,
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divine direction
straightforward
protagonist [proutgnist] n. (, ) , ;
,
1. the main character in a drama or other literary work
2. in ancient Greek drama, the first actor to engage in
dialogue with the chorus, in later dramas playing the
main character and some minor characters as well
3. a. a leading or principal figure
b. the leader of a cause; a champion
4. a proponent; an advocate
protean [prutin, proutn] a. : VERSATILE
1. readily taking on varied shapes, forms, or meanings
2. exhibiting considerable variety or diversity
circular : asymmetrical :: protean : rigid (OPPOSITE)
protean static
protest [prtst] v. ;
1. to object to, especially in a formal statement
2. to promise or affirm with earnest solemnity
3. (law) to declare (a bill) dishonored or refused
protest : dissuade :: supplicate : entreat (A >> B)
supplicate / to ask for humbly or earnestly, as by
praying
entreat ;
1. to make an earnest request of
2. to ask for earnestly; petition for
protocol [prutkl, -kl / -kl] n. ;
1. a. the forms of ceremony and etiquette observed by
diplomats and heads of state
b. a code of correct conduct
2. the first copy of a treaty or other such document before
its ratification
3. a preliminary draft or record of a transaction
4. the plan for a course of medical treatment or for a
scientific experiment
protocol : blunder :: bumper : damage
grammar : language :: protocol : conduct
protract [proutrkt] v. ,
: to draw out or lengthen in time; prolong
protract : length :: throng : number
throng
protract curtail, truncate, abridge, abbreviate, summarize, shorten,
stretch
protracted transient, curt
protrude [pro:utr:d] v. ,
: to push or thrust outward
protrude concave
protrusion [proutrn] n.
1 : the act of protruding : the state of being protruded
2 : something (as an anatomical part or excrescence) that
protrudes
synonyms see PROJECTION
protrusion deep recess
protuberant [proutjbrnt] a. ; , :
PROMINENT
: swelling outward; bulging
protuberant depressed, recessed
protuberance concavity, depression
providence [prvidns|prv-] n. , ;
1. care or preparation in advance; foresight
2. prudent management; economy
3. the care, guardianship, and control exercised by a deity;
[prvdnt / pr-] a. ; :
FRUGAL, SAVING
1. providing for future needs or events
2. frugal; economical
provident profligate, spendthrift
profligate , ;
provident
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closeness
proximity distance
proximate remote
prude [prud] n. ,
: one who is excessively concerned with being or appearing
to be proper, modest, or righteous
fanatic : devoted :: prude : proper (A >> B)
pulchritude [plkrtjd] n. ,
: great physical beauty and appeal
pulchritude ugliness, hideousness, homeliness, unsightliness,
unattractiveness
hideous , ; ,
homely , ; , ; ,
unsightly , ,
pulchritudinous hideous
pullet [plit] n.
filly : horse :: pullet : chicken
filly ; () a lively, high-spirited girl
pulverize [plvriz] v. ;
1. to pound, crush, or grind to a powder or dust
2. to demolish
pulverable : crumbed :: lucid : comprehended
pulverize solidify, make whole
pun
[pn] n. ( ) ,
: a play on words, sometimes on different senses of the same
word and sometimes on the similar sense or sound of
different words
pun : joke :: supernova : star :: termite : insect
termite (white ant)
pry
psalm [sam] n. , , ()
psalm : poem :: church : building
pseudonym [s:d:nim] n. , , (pen name)
: a fictitious name assumed by an author; a pen name
pseudonym : name :: mask : face
psychology [saikldi / -kl-] n.
fungi : ecologist :: motivation : psychologist
pucker [pkr] v. ,
: to gather into small wrinkles or folds
astringent : pucker :: coagulant : congeal
pucker : mouth :: squint : eye
puckish
pundit [pndit] n. ,
authoritativeness : pundits :: allegiance : partisans
allegiance , ,
pundit : opine :: miser : hoard :: dandy : preen :: sycophant : fawn ::
recidivist : relapse :: augur : predict
recidivism /
relapse ( ) ;
puddle [pdl] n. , v. ,
,
puddle : lake :: (A<<B)
[pki] a. ; , : IMPISH,
WHIMSICAL, MISCHIEVOUS
puckish sober, grave, staid, serious
staid ,
grave , , , ,
puerile
[pjril, -ril]
a. , : CHILDISH
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winnow : chaff :: filter : impurities
winnow : grain :: purify : water
distill : purity :: leaven : volume (A B )
leaven ;
alloy : purity :: thinness : density (OPPOSITE)
inviolable profane, impure
inviolable ,
3. pointed
pungent : odor :: caustic : comment
pungency blandness
punitive [pjntiv] adj.
: inflicting, involving, or aiming at punishment
punitive rewarding
puny
[pjni] a. , : WEAK
: of inferior size, strength, or significance
measly : contemptibly :: puny : weakly
measly ; , ;
puny enormous
[p :rts] v. n. ; , ;
) ; () ; ,
;
1. a. the act or an instance of buying
b. something bought
c. acquisition through the payment of money or its
equivalent
2. a grip applied manually or mechanically to move
something or prevent it from slipping
3. a device, such as a tackle or lever, used to obtain
mechanical advantage
4. a position, as of a lever or one's feet, affording means to
move or secure a weight
5. a. a means of increasing power or influence
b. an advantage that is used in exerting one's power
splint : mobility :: ballast : instability :: purchase : slippery
peremptory : dispute :: prohibitive : purchase (A prevent B)
[prlju] n. , , ; :
HAUNT
1. an outlying or neighboring area
2. purlieus outskirts; the environs
3. a place that one frequents
taut : commodiousness :: extraordinary : purlieu (OPPOSITE)
taut ; ; ,
purlieu infrequently visited place, an unfrequent/unfamiliar place
purlieu
purchase
purebred [pjurbrd] a.
: of or belonging to a recognized strain established by
breeding individuals of unmixed lineage over many
generations
hybrid purebred
purgatory [prgtri/-tri] n. ; ;
( )
1. (Roman Catholic Church) a state in which the souls of
those who have died in grace must expiate their sins
2. a place or condition of suffering, expiation, or remorse
expiate , to make amends or reparation for;
atone
purloin [prlin] v.
: to steal, often in a violation of trust
lurk : wait :: abscond : depart :: purloin : take :: ( A
defective, purloin : appropriate defective
)
lurk , ; ( ) ,
purvey [prvi] v. ,
1. to supply (food, for example); furnish
2. to advertise or circulate
vendor : purvey :: censor : expurgate
pusillanimous [pjslnms] a. , lacking
courage; cowardly
pusillanimous stouthearted, dauntless, valiant, gallant, heroic,
courageous, valiant
dauntless , incapable of being intimidated or
discouraged; fearless
stouthearted
brave; courageous
gallant , ,
pusillanimity, circumspection temerity, valiance
temerity , foolhardy disregard of danger; recklessness
valiance ,
putative [pjttiv] adj.
: commonly accepted or supposed
: assumed to exist or to have existed
putative undisputed
purist [pjrist] n. ,
one who practices or urges strict correctness, especially in
the use of words
stickler : approximation, imprecision :: purist : adulteration
heretic purist
purist radical, liberal
radical ; , ,
putrefaction [pjtrfkn] n.
1 : the decomposition of organic matter; especially : the
typically anaerobic splitting of proteins by bacteria and
fungi with the formation of foul-smelling incompletely
oxidized products
2 : the state of being putrefied : CORRUPTION
purity [pjrti] n. , ;
1. the quality or condition of being pure
2. a quantitative assessment of homogeneity or uniformity
3. freedom from sin or guilt; innocence; chastity
4. the absence in speech or writing of slang or other
elements deemed inappropriate to good style
chastity ,
purify : imperfection :: verify : doubtfulness
purification : dross :: desalinization : salt
desalinize, desalt
purist : adulteration :: stickler : approximation
mosquito : netting :: impurity : filter
synopsis : conciseness :: distillate : purity
distillate , , a purified form; an essence
Q
quack [kwk] n. ; (charlatan)
1. an untrained person who pretends to be a physician and
dispenses medical advice and treatment
2. a charlatan; a mountebank
quack honest practitioner
quaff [kwf, kwf] v.
: to drink (a beverage) heartily
quaff : sip :: stride : mince
stride to walk with long steps, especially in a hasty or
vigorous way
mince vi. ;
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mine : ore :: quarry : rock, stone
quarry : marble :: mine : coal
aspirant : quarry :: hunter : prey (A = B )
quartet [kwrtt] n. 4, 4; 4
quartet : singer :: score : note :: triptych : panel
quail
[kwel] v.t. ; ,
1. to put down forcibly; suppress
2. to pacify; quiet
irrepressible : quell :: obdurate : move
quell, quash, quench arouse, foment, instigate, rouse, incite, stir up
quarry
quest [kwest] n. ,
: the act or an instance of seeking or pursuing something; a
search
quest : reply :: command : action
questionnaire [kwstnr] n. ( ) (),
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[kju()]
n.
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[kwksnd] n. ,
1. a bed of loose sand mixed with water forming a soft,
shifting mass that yields easily to pressure and tends to
engulf any object on its surface
2. often quicksands a place or situation into which entry
can be swift and sudden but from which extrication can
be difficult or impossible
quiescent [kwaisnt] a.
: being quiet, still, or at rest; inactive
* quiescence n.
quietude, quiescence tumult, restless activity, action
quietude [kwitj:d] , tranquility
quiescent rambunctious
rambunctious , ,
quiescence, quietude action, restless activity, tumult
quietude , ,
[kwip] n. ; ; ; : GIBE
1. a clever, witty remark often prompted by the occasion
2. a clever, often sarcastic remark; a gibe
3. a petty distinction or objection; a quibble
4. something curious or odd
gibe , to make taunting, heckling, or jeering
remarks
quip remark solemn remark
quotidian
R
rabble [rb-l] n. ; , ; : MOB
1. a tumultuous crowd; a mob
2. the lowest or coarsest class of people
items : hodgepodge :: people : rabble
rabid [rbid] a. , : FURIOUS, FANATICAL
1. of or affected by rabies()
2. raging; uncontrollable
3. extremely zealous or enthusiastic; fanatical
* rabies n.
rabies : disease :: (A B )
rabid impassionate, detached, noncommittal
racketeer [rkitr] n. ,
: a person who commits crimes such as extortion,
loansharking(), bribery, and obstruction of
justice in furtherance of illegal business activities
raconteur [rknt :r|-k n-] n.
: one who tells stories and anecdotes with skill and wit
raconteur : storytelling :: wordsmith : writing
racy
[risi] a. ; ,
1. having a distinctive and characteristic quality or taste
2. strong and sharp in flavor or odor; piquant or pungent
3. vigorous; lively
tame racy
tame ; ; ,
quip
quisling [kwzli] n.
: a traitor who serves as the puppet of the enemy
occupying his or her country
puppet ; ,
juggernaut : crush :: quisling : betray (A B )
quixotic
[kwikstik / -st-] a. ; ()
quota
[kwut]
radical [rdikl] a. ; , ,
1. arising from or going to a root or source; basic
2. departing markedly from the usual or customary; extreme
3. favoring or effecting fundamental or revolutionary
changed in current practices, conditions, or institutions
purist radical, liberal
radical conventional
raffish [rfi] a. ,
1. cheaply or showily vulgar in appearance or nature; tawdry
2. characterized by a carefree or fun-loving
unconventionality; rakish
ingenuous : dissemble :: raffish : preen :: polite : snub (OPPOSITE)
dissemble , ,
snub , ;
raffish : decorum :: merciless : leniency (OPPOSITE, :)
lenient , inclined not to be harsh or strict; merciful,
generous, or indulgent
raffish august
raffle [rf-l] n.
: a lottery in which a number of persons buy chances to win a
prize
n. ;
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rally disband
disband v. ,
rally : enthusiasm :: enchant : fascination (B(:) A(
))
[reid] n.
1. a. violent, explosive anger b. a fit of anger
2. furious intensity, as of a storm or disease
3. a burning desire; a passion
4. a current, eagerly adopted fashion; a fad or craze
bigotry : dedication :: rage : anger (A >> B)
gush : effusive :: rage : irate (CHARACTER)
irate extremely angry; enraged
infuriate : rage :: nonplus : perplexity :: commend : esteem
nonplus to put at a loss as to what to think, say, or
do; bewilder
[rgid] a. , ;;
; ,
1. tattered, frayed, or torn
2. dressed in tattered or threadbare clothes
3. unkempt or shaggy
4. having an irregular surface or edge; uneven or jagged in
outline
5. imperfect; uneven
6. harsh; rasping
tatter , ;
clothes : ragged :: furniture : rickety
rickety [rkiti] ( ) , ; ( )
ragged
rail
[reil] vi.
: to express objections or criticisms in bitter, harsh, or
abusive language
rail : vehemence :: entreat : urgency ( : )
rail extol
raisin [riz-n] n.
prune : plum :: raisin : grape
prune
plum
rakish
[riki] a. , ; , , ;
rally
[rli] v. , ( ) ,
, (rally oneself ), . n.
, v.t.()
1. to call together for a common purpose
2. to reassemble and restore to order
3. to rouse or revive from inactivity or decline: paused to
refresh themselves and rally their strength
1. a gathering, especially one intended to inspire
enthusiasm for a cause: a political rally
2. a sharp improvement in health, vigor, or spirits
ramification [rmfiki-n]
ramification antecedent
n.
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[rk]
a. ; / : RANCID
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[r] a. ,
: characterized by or resulting from ill-considered haste or
boldness
obsessed : attracted :: rash : adventurous (A >> B)
obsess to preoccupy the mind of excessively
loquacious : talkative :: rash : adventurous (A >> B)
loquacious very talkative; garrulous
rash : circumspective :: imperious : servile
rash circumspective
raspy
[rspi, rspi] a. , ;
: HARSH, GRATING rough; grating
mellifluous raspy
mellifluous flowing with sweetness or honey; smooth and
sweet
rapport [rpr] n. ()
: relationship, especially one of mutual trust or emotional
affinity
rapport discord, dissension, antagonism, aversion
rapscallion [rpskljn] n. ,
rapscallion : mischievous :: sluggard : lazy
mischievous ; ,
(cavalier : arrogant (cavalier
()->arrogant ))
rapt
[rpt] a. , ; , :
ENGROSSED
1. deeply moved or delighted; enraptured
2. deeply absorbed; engrossed
intrepid : deter :: rapt : distract
intrepid , resolutely courageous; fearless
rapt distracted
rarefied
a. ( ) ;
1. belonging to or reserved for a small, select group;
esoteric
2. elevated in character or style; lofty
rarefied pedestrian, prosaic
rarefy [rrfi] v. ; /
1. to make thin, less compact, or les dense
2. to purify or refine
rarefy concentrate, condense, make denser
rarefaction condensation
rarity [r-rti] n. ,
1. something rare
2. the quality or state of being rare; infrequency of
occurrence
n. , :
rationalize [r-nliz] v. (, )
1. to make rational
2. to interpret from a rational standpoint
3. to devise self-satisfying but incorrect reasons for (one's
behavior)
rationalization : plausible :: obfuscation : indiscernible (A = B )
plausible seemingly or apparently valid, likely, or acceptable;
credible
obfuscate ;
rational : fraudulent :: irreprehensible : blamable (OPPOSITE)
fraudulent , deceitful
reprehensible , deserving rebuke or censure;
blameworthy
raucous [rks] a. , , ,
: HOARSE
1. rough-sounding and harsh
2. boisterous and disorderly
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rave
[reiv] n. ; , ;
,
1. to speak wildly, irrationally, or incoherently
2. to roar; rage
3. to speak with wild enthusiasm
rave pan
pan ; () ; ,
to criticize or review harshly
raving reasonable utteration (unequivocal speech )
raze
reactant [rikt-nt] n.
: a substance participating in a chemical reaction,
especially a directly reacting substance present at the
initiation of the reaction
* reagent; a substance used in a chemical reaction to
detect, measure, examine, or produce other substances
reactant, reagent inert material
reactive inert
reactionary [riknri/--nri] a. , ,;
rebuke [ribj:k] v. , n. ,
rebuke compliment, praise
rebus [rbs] n.
: a representation of words in the form of pictures or symbols,
often presented as a puzzle
rebus : dissimulation ::
dissimulate ,
symbols : rebus :: notes: score
rebut [ribt] v. ,
rebut affirm, confirm, fortify, strengthen
recalcitrant [riklstr-nt] a. ,
: marked by stubborn resistance to and defiance of authority
or guidance
incongruent : conform :: recalcitrant : obey (OPPOSITE)
recalcitrant, refractory : authority :: reactionary : change
impudent : brazenness :: recalcitrant : stubbornness (EQUAL)
impudent characterized by offensive boldness
brazen ; , ,
recalcitrant amenable, submissive, tractable
recant [riknt] vi. (, ) : RENOUNCE
: to make a formal retraction or disavowal of (a statement or
belief to which one has previously committed oneself)
; Darwins final recantation
apostasy : faith :: recantation : heresy (B = A)
apostasy , ,
heresy , ;
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recapitulate [r:kptlit|-tju-] v. ; ()
1. to repeat in concise form
2. (biology) to appear to repeat (the evolutionary stage of
the species) during the embryonic
development of the individual organism
recapitulate : summary :: enumerate : list
receipt [rist] n. ; ,
1. a. the act of receiving
b. the fact of being or having been received
2. often receipts a quantity or amount received
3. a written acknowledgment that a specified article, sum
of money, or shipment of merchandise has been
received
4. a recipe
receptacle [risptk-l] n. , ; ;
: a container that holds items or matter
bowl : receptacle :: bicycle : vehicle
recess [riss, r:ss] n. , , v. ~ ()
recess : halt ::
recessive [rissiv] a. , ; (),
: tending to go backward or recede
* recession n.
dominant recessive
dominant , ; , ; ()
[rkndit, rikndait] a. , :
DEEP
1. not easily understood; abstruse
2. concerned with or treating something abstruse or obscure
3. concealed; hidden
recondite : grasp :: inconspicuous : spot
recondite : fathom :: tenacious : eradicate :: captious : placate (A B
)
serpentine : directness :: recondite : pellucidity
serpentine , ; ,
respect : baseness :: study : reconditeness (B A )
recondite : comprehend :: knotty : solve (A B )
recondite widely understood, patent, self-explaining, self-evident,
easy, comprehensive, fathomable
patent ; ,
reciprocal [risprk-l] a. ; ,
1. concerning each of two or more persons or things
2. interchanged, given, or owed to each other
3. performed, experienced, or felt by both sides
4. interchangeable; complementary
reciprocal secund
secund (botany & zoology) arranged on or turned
to one side of an axis
reciprocate
v. ; ,
1. to give or take mutually; interchange
2. to show, feel, or give in response or return
reciprocating moving unidirectionally, unidirectional
reconnaissance [riknisns|-kn-] n. , ; ;
: an inspection or exploration of an area, especially one made
to gather military information
reckless
reconnoiter
[rklis]
a. ,
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vi. ,
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redolent : smell :: piquant : taste
redolent unscented, lack of odor, fetid
redoubtable [ridutb-l] a. , : FORMIDABLE
1. arousing fear or awe; formidable
2. worthy of respect or honor
formidable , ; ; ,
redoubtable : regard :: exemplary : imitation :: culpable : blame ::
credible : belief, trust
redoubtable : regard, awe :: despicable : scorn, contempt, disregard
regard ,
redoubtable not formidable, unimpressive, disregard
redress [r:dres|ridrs] n. , v. , ; ,
; : REMEDY
1. to set right; remedy or rectify
2. to make amends to
3. to adjust (a balance, for example)
redundant
[ridndnt] a. , , :
SUPERFLUOUS
1. exceeding that is necessary or natural; superfluous
2. needlessly repetitive; verbose
indigent : wealth :: redundant : indispensability
indigent experiencing want or need; impoverished
redundant : necessity :: clumsy : knack
knack , ; ,
redundant : superfluity :: pertinent : relevance
redundant economical
redundance, redundancy conciseness, essentialness
redeem [rid:m] a. (, ) , , ()
reflective
[riflktiv] a. , ; :
THOUGHTFUL, DELIBERATIVE
1. a. of, relating to, produced by, or resulting from reflection
b. capable of or producing reflection
2. characterized by or given to meditation or contemplation;
thoughtful
* reflect
* reflection
redistribute [ri:distrbju(:)t] v.
: to distribute again in a different way; reallocate
inequity : redistribution :: illiteracy : education
[rd-lnt] a. ; , :
AROMATIC
1. having or emitting fragrance; aromatic
2. suggestive; reminiscent
redolent
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[rifrkt-ri] a. , , ,
, : STUBBORN, UNMANAGEABLE
1. obstinately resistant to authority or control
2. difficult to melt or work; resistant to heat
3. resistant to treatment
adamant : flexibility :: refractory : control (OPPOSITE)
adamant impervious to pleas, appeals, or reason; stubbornly
unyielding
recalcitrant, refractory : authority :: reactionary : change
pertinacity : refractory :: inexperience : green
pertinacious ; ,
refractory responsive, docile, amenable
docile , ,
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regenerate [ridnrit] v. , ;
1. to reform spiritually or morally
2. to form, construct, or create anew, especially in an
improved state
3. to give new life or energy to; revitalize
truculent : gentleness :: unregenerate : remorse (OPPOSITE)
truculent [trkjlnt] ; ,
regimen [rdmn, -mn] n. , ; , ,
1. governmental rule or control
2. the systematic procedure of a natural phenomenon or
process
3. a. a regulated system, as of diet, therapy, or exercise,
intended to promote health or achieve another beneficial
effect
b. a course of intense physical training
regimen : health :: mnemonics : memory
mnemonics
regimen : health :: budget : solvency
budget ; ,
solvency ;
regiment [rdmnt] n. army, , v. ~
, ~ ,
* regimentation n.
regimentation disorder, disorganization
regression [rigrn] n. , ,
1. reversion; retrogression
2. relapse to a less perfect or developed state
regressive forward
rehabilitate [rhbltit] v.;;/
1. to restore to good health or useful life, as through therapy
and education
2. to restore to good condition, operation, or capacity
3. to reinstate the good name of
4. to restore the former rank, privileges, or rights of
reinstate ; ; /
recidivism : relapse :: rehabilitation : convalesce
convalesce () to return to health and strength
after illness; recuperate
recycle : disposal :: rehabilitate : demolition (OPPOSITE)
building : restoration :: person : rehabilitation
rehabilitate debilitate, enervate
rehash [ri:h] v. ~ , ( ) n.
, ,
reshape : form :: rehash : concept, means (0702)
rehearsal [rih:rsl] n.
1. the act of practicing in preparation for a public
performance
2. a session of practice for a performance, as of a play
3. a detailed enumeration or repetition
impromptu : rehearsal :: caprice : deliberate
reign [rein] n. , : SOVEREIGNTY
1. exercise of sovereign power, as by a monarch
2. the period during which a monarch rules
3. dominance or widespread influence
coronation : reign :: wedding : marriage
coronation
rein
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[rein] n. ; , , ; , v. ,
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relinquish : claim ::
relinquish assume, cling to, procure, reward, keep, retain
procure ,
relish [rli] v. , ,
1. to take keen or zestful pleasure in
2. to enjoy the flavor of
3. to give spice or flavor to
relish despise
reluctant
a. , ,
1. unwilling; disinclined
2. exhibiting or marked by unwillingness
3. offering resistance; opposing
hesitation : reluctance :: hubris : pride
hubris ,
reluctance alacrity
loquacity reluctance to speak
reluctant enthusiastic
reminiscence [remnns] n. ,
reminiscence : recollect :: machination : plot
machination ( ) , The act of plotting
remiss [rims] a. , : LAX, CARELESS
1. lax in attending to duty; negligent
2. exhibiting carelessness or slackness
remiss scrupulous, punctilious, conscientious, painstaking, assiduous,
earnest (wary . 2006 9 painstaking wary
. wary ) (calculating )
punctilious , ;
earnest ,
painstaking , , (very careful and
diligent)
remnant [rmnnt] n. ; ,
1. something left over; a remainder
2. a leftover piece of fabric remaining after the rest has been
used or sold
3. a surviving trace or vestige
4. often remnants a small surviving group of people
shred : remnant ::
remnant : residual ::
remodel [rimdl / -mdl] v.t. : REMAKE
: to make over in structure or style; reconstruct
construct : remodel :: compose : edit
remold [ri:muld] v. ~ , ~ , n.
remold : shape :: amend : content
remonstrance [rimnstr-ns / -mn-] n. ,
1. the act of remonstrating
2. an expression of protest, complain, or reproof, especially a
formal statement of grievances
remonstrance : oppose :: syllogism : disprove
syllogism [sldzm] ;
remonstrative : dissuade :: reprehensible : censure :: applicant : appeal
dissuade : ~
remonstrate [rimnstreit|rmn-] v. , ;
,
: to say or plead in protest, objection, or reproof
remorse [rimrs] n. : SELF-REPROACH
: moral anguish arising from repentance for past misdeeds;
bitter regret
longing : pine :: remorse : rue (EQUAL, : )
rue , to feel regret, remorse, or sorrow for
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repartee [rprt] n.
1. a swift, witty reply
2. conversation marked by the exchange of witty retorts
retort , ,
retort :: repartee :: debate : issue :: correspond : letter (conversation :
language )
remote
repatriate [ripitriit] v.
: to restore or return to the country of birth, citizenship, or
origin
repatriate : emigration :: repeal : ratification (OPPOSITE)
ratification , ,
ratify /; to approve and give formal sanction
to; confirm
repeal [ripl] v. ,
: to revoke or rescind, especially by an official or formal act
repatriate : emigration :: repeal : ratification
repatriate to restore or return to the country of
birth, citizenship, or origin
ratify , to approve and give formal sanction to;
confirm
repeal ratify
repeal authorization
rend
renegade [rngeid] n. ,
: one who rejects a religion, a cause, an allegiance, or a
group for another; a deserter
renege v. , ()
renegade : allegiance :: apostate : faith
apostate [psteit] ,
apostasy abandonment of one's religious faith, a political party, one's
principles, or a cause
renounce [rinuns] vi. ; ,
1. to give up (a title, for example), especially by formal
announcement
2. to reject; disown
renounce : pledge :: rescind : order
pledge , ; ; ,
rescind /; ()
renounce claim, embrace, adhere to (exact from, clarify )
renovate [rnvit] v.t. ;
1. to restore to an earlier condition, as by repairing or
remodeling
2. to impart new vigor to; revive
renovate cause to decay
renunciation [rinnsii-n, -i-] n. , ; , ;
(, )
1. the act or an instance of renouncing
2. a declaration in which something is renounced
renunciation adoption
reparation [rerin] n. ; , ;
1. the act or process of repairing or the condition of being
repaired
2. the act or process of making amends; expiation
3. something done or paid to compensate or make amends
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reportage
n. ;
1. the reporting of news or information of general interest
2. something reported
reportage : journalist :: ridicule : satirist
reportorial imaginative
repose [ripuz] n. , ; , ; ,
1. the act of resting or the state of being at rest
2. freedom from worry; peace of mind
3. calmness; tranquility
guilt : expiation :: fatigue : repose
expiation ,
expiate to make amends or reparation for; atone
reparation ; ,
atone , to make amends, as for a sin or fault
dehydrate : water :: fatigue : repose :: fade : brightness
breach : continuity :: disturb : repose
repose agitation, disequilibrium
disequilibrium ,
reportorial [rprtril]
reportorial imaginative
a. ,
[riprv] v. ; (
)
1. to postpone or cancel the punishment of
2. to bring relief to
reprieve : punishment :: moratorium : activity
[ripgnnt] a. , ; ; ,
1. arousing disgust or aversion; offensive or repulsive
2. (logic) contradictory; inconsistent
odious : repugnance :: menacing : fear
cogent : convince :: repugnant : repel
cogent ; appealing to the intellect or powers of
reasoning; convincing
unpleasant : repugnant :: scanty : meager
repugnance affinity
repulse
[ripls] v. , ; : REPEL
n. , , , ,
1. to drive back; repel
2. to rebuff or reject with rudeness, coldness, or denial
* repulsive adj.
reproach [riprut] v. ,
1. to express disapproval of, criticism of, or disappointment
in (someone)
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abdicate : throne :: resign : office
resignation : official :: abdication : crown
resignation claim, face, defiance, dissent
resilient [rizljnt, -lint] a. ,
1. marked by the ability to recover readily, as from
misfortune
2. capable of returning to an original shape or position, as
after having been compressed
* resilience n.
resilient unable to adjust, unable to recover, brittle, conservative
resilience inelasticity, inability of recover, rigidity
resin [rzin] n. ,
resin : tree :: gum : rubber plant
resolute [rzlt] a. , : RESOLVED
: firm or determined; unwavering
malleable : shape :: irresolute : opinion
indubitable : question :: resolute : sway
resolute : dissuade :: obstreperous : control
obstreperous , ; ,
resoluteness : will :: zeal : conviction
resolute : determined :: (EQUAL)
daunt make resolute
daunt , ; to abate the courage of;
discourage
jittery resolute
jittery , having or feeling nervous unease;
marked by jittering movements
jitter , to be nervous or uneasy
resolution vacillation, sway
resolute wavering, faltering
resonant [rz-nnt] a. ;
1. strong and deep in tone; resounding
2. continuing to sound in the ears or memory; echoing
3. having a prolonged, subtle, or stimulating effect beyond
the initial impact
full-bodied : flavor :: resonant : sound
full-bodied ; () , ; ()
resonant muffled, queit, mumbling, cacophonous, discordant, grating
resourceful [risrsfl, -zrs-] a.
: able to act effectively or imaginatively, especially in difficult
situations
resourceful : inventiveness :: philanthropic : geniality, mercy
respire [rispir] v. , ;
1. to breathe in and out; inhale and exhale
2. to undergo the metabolic process of respiration
3. to breathe easily again, as after a period of exertion or
trouble
lung : respire :: tooth : masticate
respire choke, smother, stifle, suffocate
smother , ; , ; ,
respite [rspit] n. , : REPRIEVE
1. a usually short interval of rest or relief
2. (law) temporary suspension of a death sentence; a
reprieve
reprieve ;
respite : labor :: interim : concert
interim [ntrim] , an interval of time between one event,
process, or period and nother
fast : eat :: respite : labor
plateau : change :: respite : activity
plateau [pltu] , ;
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rakish : restrain :: slothful : assiduity
rakish , ;
slothful ,
restrain release
bridled without restraint
bridle [bridl] ; ,
unrepressed, fervid restrained
fervid ;
1. marked by great passion or zeal
2. extremely hot; burning
theatrical restraint
theatrical ; , ;
[rispnsiv / -spn-] a. ; ,
: SENSITIVE
1. answering or replying; responding
2. readily reacting to suggestions, influences, appeals, or
efforts
3. containing or using responses
dispassionate, feelingless responsive
dispassionate , devoid of or
unaffected by passion, emotion, or bias
restive
[rstiv] a. ,
, ; , :
FIDGETY, BALKY
fidget((), / fidget with one's
wach .)
balky : ,
1. uneasily impatient under restriction, opposition, criticism, or delay
2. resisting control; difficult to control
3. refusing to move
restive : serenity :: impeccable : flaw :: sterile : germ
incogitant : thoughtful :: restive : calm :: piddling : considerable ::
keen : obtuse :: (OPPOSITE)
incogitant , thoughtless; inconsiderate
piddling , so trifling or trivial as to be beneath one's
consideration
restive : calmness :: keen : obtuseness :: impetuous : patience ::
impeccable : flaw (OPPOSITE)
restive calm, imperturbable, serene
restiveness contentment, serenity(,,,)
restiveness; / , ,
contentment , ,
serene , ,
restless [rstlis] a. , ; ,
1. marked by a lack of quiet, repose, or rest
2. not able to rest, relax, or be still
3. never still or motionless
restless : serenity :: deferential : insolent
insolent ,
restlessness composure
restore [ristrr] v.t. ,
dilapidated restored
dilapidate , to bring or fall into a state of
partial ruin, decay, or disrepair
disrepair , the condition of being in need of repair
eliminate restore
restrain [ristrin] v.t. , ;
1. a. to hold back or keep in check; control b. to hold (a
person) back; prevent
2. to deprive of freedom or liberty
3. to limit or restrict
temperate : restrain :: tenacious : persist (EQUAL)
temperate , , ; ( )
tenacious ;
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retouch [ritt] v. ,
1. to add new details or touches to for correction or
improvement
2. to improve or change (a photographic negative or print),
as by adding details or removing flaws
3. to color (recent growth of hair) to match hair that was
tinted, dyed, or bleached at an earlier date
revise : manuscript :: retouch : picture
retract [ritrkt] v. ,
1. to draw back; disavow
2. to draw back or in
disavow , to disclaim knowledge of,
responsibility for, or association with
misunderstood : clarify :: erroneous : retract (10 section2 10)
retract : statement :: repeal : legislation
countermand : order :: revoke : license
countermand ,
retract foster, tender
tender ; ,
retreat [ritrt] n. , ;
1. a. the act or process of withdrawing, especially from
something hazardous, formidable, or unpleasant
b. the process of going backward or receding from a
position or condition gained
2. a place affording peace, quiet, privacy, or security
3. a. a period of seclusion, retirement, or solitude
b. a period of group withdrawal for prayer, meditation, and
study
4. withdrawal of a military force from a dangerous position
or from an enemy attack
incursion retreat
incursion , ; ()
retrench [ritrnt] v. , ;
1. to cut down; reduce
2. to remove, delete, or omit
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retrenchment : expense :: deceleration : speed
attenuate : force :: simplify : complexity :: retrench : money
retrench enlarge, expand
retribution [retrbj:n] n. , ,
1. something justly deserved; recompense
2. something given or demanded in repayment, especially
punishment
3. (theology) punishment or reward distributed in a future
life based on performance in this one
retrograde [rtrgrid] a. ,
1. moving or tending backward
2. opposite to the usual order inverted or reversed
3. reverting to an earlier or inferior condition
retrograde progressive
retrogress [rtrgres] v. ,
1. to return to an earlier, inferior, or less complex condition
2. to go or move backward
retrogress move forward
retrospective [rtrspktiv] a. ,
1. looking back on, contemplating, or directed to the past
2. looking or directed backward
3. applying to or influencing the past; retroactive
4. of, relating to, or being retrospective
retroactive , influencing or applying to a period
prior to enactment
retrospective anticipatory
revamp [rivmp]
v. /
1. To patch up or restore; renovate.
2. To revise or reconstruct (a manuscript, for example).
3. To vamp (a shoe) anew.
revel [r vl] v. , n. ,
* revelry n. ,
revel act soberly
revelry mournfulness
revelation [rvli-n] n. , ; , ()
1. the act of revealing or disclosing
2. something revealed, especially a dramatic disclosure of
something not previously known or realized
revelation adumbration
adumbrate ; ()
foreshadow , to present an indication or a
suggestion of beforehand
revelry [rv-lri] n. ,
: boisterous merrymaking
revelry mournfulness
mournful ; ; ,
revenge [rivnd] n.
1. to inflict punishment in return for (injury or insult)
2. to seek or take vengeance for (oneself or another person);
avenge
mercenary : money :: vindictive : revenge
vindictive , disposed to seek revenge;
revengeful
revere [rivr] v.
: to regard with awe, deference, and devotion
reverence : respect :: avidity : enthusiasm (A >> B)
avidity ,
1. ardent desire or craving; eagerness
2. keen interest or enthusiasm
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ribald : seemly :: labyrinthine : direct
ribald seemly, proper
seemly , , ,
rickety [rkiti] a. , : SHAKY
1. likely to break or fall apart; shaky
2. feeble with age; infirm
3. of, having, or resembling rickets()
clothes : ragged :: furniture : rickety
[ridr] n. ,
1. one that rides, especially one who rides horses
2. a. a clause, usually having little relevance to the main
issue, that is added to a legislative bill
b. an amendment or addition to a document or record
3. something, such as the top rail of a fence, that rests on or
is supported by something else
rider : bill :: endorsement : policy
rider
revile [rivil] v.
: to assail with abusive language; vituperate
revile praise, adulate
revise [riviz] v.t.
1. to prepare a newly edited version of (a text)
2. to reconsider and change or modify
revise : manuscript :: retouch : picture
revive [riviv] vi. ,
1. to bring back to life or consciousness; resuscitate
2. to impart new health, vigor, or spirit to
3. to restore to use, currency, activity, or notice
4. to restore the validity or effectiveness of
5. to renew in the mind; recall
6. to present (an old play, for example) again
revert : prior :: revive : conscious (CHARACTER)
wither revive
lull , ; ,
ridicule [rdikjl] n. , , v. ,
: words or actions intended to evoke contemptuous laughter
at or feelings toward a person or thing
satire : ridicule :: elegy : sorrow
reportage : journalist :: ridicule : satirist
reportage ;
pillory : ridicule :: guillotine : execute
pillory to expose to ridicule and abuse; to put in a pillory as punishment
risible : ridicule :: impudent : brazenness
risible [rzbl] ; ,
ridicule : derision ::
sublime ridiculous
sublime [sblim] , ; ,
rife
[raif] a. , : ABOUNDING
1. in widespread existence, practice, or use; increasingly
prevalent
2. abundant or numerous
rife : sparse ::
rife sparse, scarce
revoke [rivuk] v. ,
: to void or annul by recalling, withdrawing, or reversing
empower revoke the authority
revue [rivj] n.
: a musical show consisting of skits, songs, and dances,
often satirizing current events, trends, and personalities
revulsion n. ( ) , , (~ ) ,
1.A sudden, strong change or reaction in feeling, especially
a feeling of violent disgust or loathing.
2.A withdrawing or turning away from something.
[riwrdi] a. , : VALUABLE,
SATISFYING
1. offering or likely to offer satisfaction or gratification
2. affording profit; remunerative
3. constituting a reward
remunerative ; (profitable),
drudgery rewarding work
drudgery [drdri] / , tedious, menial, or
unpleasant work
riffraff [rfrf] n. ; ,
1. people regarded as disreputable or worthless
2. rubbish; trash
riffraff aristocrat, gentry, nobility, throne
rift
rewarding
rig
[rig] v.t. (, , )
: to manipulate dishonestly for personal gain
rig : contest :: gerrymander : district
gerrymander ;
rigid [rdid] a. , ; , ; ,
1. not flexible or pliant; stiff
2. not moving; fixed
3. marked by a lack of flexibility; rigorous and exacting
4. scrupulously maintained or performed
circular : asymmetrical :: protean : rigid
protean [prout:n]
rigid pliable, pliant
rigmarole [rgmrul] n. ; ,
1. confused, rambling, or incoherent discourse; nonsense
2. a complicated, petty set of procedure
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robust
rile
rind [raind] n. , ; ,
: a tough outer covering such as bark, the skin of some
fruits, or the coating on cheese or bacon
riot
[rit] vi. ;
n. 1. a wild or turbulent disturbance created by a large
number of people
2. (law) a violent disturbance of the public peace by three
or more persons assembled for a common purpose
3. an unrestrained outbreak, as of laughter or passions
4. a profusion
5. a. unrestrained merrymaking; revelry b. debauchery
profusion ; ,
revelry ,
debauchery , ; , extreme indulgence in sensual
pleasures; dissipation
sedate riot
sedate , ; serenely deliberate, composed, and
dignified in character or manner
ripen [ripn] v. ( ) , ;
: to make or become ripe or riper; mature
ripen : maturity :: harden : solidity
ripen : mature :: drain : empty
risible [rzb-l] a. , : LAUGHABLE
1. relating to laughter or used in eliciting laughter
2. eliciting laughter; ludicrous
3. capable of laughing or inclined to laugh
risible : ridicule :: impudent : brazenness
rite
[rait] n. ; ,
1. the prescribed or customary form for conducting a
religious or other solemn ceremony
2. a ceremonial act or series of acts
ritual n. a. ritualistic
informality : ritualistic :: (A B )
rite improvised act
improvise ,
rive
v. ( ) ; ,
1. to make (a liquid) muddy or cloudy by stirring up sediment
2. to displease or disturb; vex
roil clarify, appease, settle, release, calm
[ruzi] a. ; () , ;
1. a. having the characteristic pink or red color of a rose
b. flushed with a healthy glow
2. consisting of, decorated with, or suggestive of a rose or
roses
3. bright or cheerful; optimistic
roundabout a. : CIRCUITOUS, INDIRECT
riveting [rviti] a. ,
: wholly absorbing or engrossing one's attention;
fascinating
riveting banal, vapid
rivulet [rvjlit] n. , (brook)
[ril]
rotundity
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[routndti]
n.
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ruddy anemic
anemic [n:mik] ; lacking vitality; listless and
weak
listless , ; lacking energy or disinclined to
exert effort; lethargic
rue
[ru] v. ,
: to feel sorrow, remorse, or regret for
* rueful [r:fl] a. , ; ,
1. inspiring pity or compassion
2. causing, feeling, or expressing sorrow or regret
longing : pine :: remorse : rue (EQUAL)
rue satisfy
rue exult in
rueful impenitent
impenitent ;
rowdy decorous
decorous , ,
ruffian
royalty [rilti] n. ; ; ; ,
royalty : payment :: subpoena : writ (A B)
subpoena
writ ;
rubicund [rbiknd] a. ,
: inclined to a healthy rosiness; ruddy
rubicund pale, pallid, wan
rubicundity pallor
pallor extreme or unnatural paleness
rubble [rb-l] n.
: a loose mass of angular fragments of rock or masonry
crumbled by natural or human forces.
rubble unbroken stone
rudder [rdr] n. ;
: a controlling agent or influence over direction; a guide
rude [rud] a. , , , ,
; be in rude health
1. Relatively undeveloped; primitive: a rude and savage
land
ruffle
[rfin]
n. , : BULLY
[rf-l] v. ; / ; ()
v.t.
1. to disturb the smoothness or regularity of; ripple
2. to pleat or gather (fabric) into a ruffle
3. to erect (the feathers). used of birds
4. to discompose; fluster
5. to flip through (the pages of a book)
fluster , to make or become nervous or
upset
hem : garment :: ruffle : shirt :: molding : cabinet :: brim, rim : vessel
coolheaded excitable, nervous, agitated, ruffled
ruffle soothe, preen
ruminate [rmnit] v.
: to turn a matter over and over in the mind
museful : ruminative :: lamentable : plaintive (EQUAL)
muse , ;
plaintive , ,
ruminate : decide :: (A B)
ruminative unreflective
rumple [rmp-l] v. : FOLD, WRINKLE
: to wrinkle or form into folds or creases
rumple : shirt ::
rumple preen, glaze
preen (trim); ,
run
[rn] n.
: an unbroken sequence of theatrical performances
run : performance ::
rupture [rptr] n. , ; , ,
1. a. the process of breaking open or bursting
b. the state of being broken open
2. a break in friendly relations
rupture remain unbreakable
ruse
[ruz] n. ,
: a crafty stratagem; a subterfuge
paroxysm : sudden :: ruse : deceptive, deceived (A B )
paroxysm [prkszm] ; ,
ruse : honest ::
ruse trustful action
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saddle unload
rustle
S
sabbatical [sbtikl] a. ;
sabbatical : leave :: flattering : infatuation
infatuation ,
sabotage [sbt, -tid] v.t. ,
n. 1. destruction of property or obstruction of normal
operations, as by civilians or enemy agents in time of
war
2. treacherous action to defeat or hinder a cause or an
endeavor; deliberate subversion
saboteur : disrupt :: apologist : defend
sabotage : subversion :: bully : intimidation (EQUAL)
subvert /; /
sabotage build, repair, construct, strengthen, rehabilitate, benefit
saccharine [skrin] a. ; ,
1. of, relating to, or characteristic of sugar or saccharin;
sweet
2. having a cloyingly sweet attitude, tone, or character
3. excessively sentimental
sugar : saccharine :: butter : margarine
margarine ,
acerbic saccharine
sacerdotal [sserdutel] a. ();
sacerdotal lay, secular, irreverent
sacrifice [skrfis] n. ;
1. a. the act of offering something to a deity in propitiation
or homage, especially the ritual slaughter of an animal
or a person
b. a victim offered in this way
2. a. forfeiture of something highly valued for the sake of
one considered to have a greater value or claim
b. something so forfeited
3. a. relinquishment of something at less than its presumed
value
b. something so relinquished
c. a loss so sustained
forfeit , ; ; ,
worship : sacrifice :: prediction : augury
sacrilege [skrlid] n.
: desecration, profanation, misuse, or theft of something
sacred
* sacrilegious adj. ,
* sacrosanct a.
sacrilege respect, reverence, pious action
pious , (religious, devout); ,
(hypocritical0
sacrilegious reverent, worshipful
sacrosanct vulnerable to disapprobation, vulnerable to reprobation
saddle[sdl]v. () ; (, ) ,
safeguard [sifgrd] n. ;
safeguard : harm ::
safeguard : accident :: hedge : loss :: quarantine : contamination
quarantine ( ) ; ,
sag [sg] v. , ; ,
1. to sink, droop, or settle from pressure or weight
2. to lose vigor, firmness, or resilience
3. to decline, as in value or price
saga [s:g] n. ,
saga : narrative :: epic : poem
saga anecdote
sage [seid] n. a.
* sagacious [sgis] a. (, ) ;
: DISCERNING : having or showing keen
discernment, sound judgment, and farsightedness
prudence : daredevil :: sagacity : simpleton :: constancy : turncoat
daredevil , () one who is recklessly
bold
miser : stingy :: sage : judicious
sage / ; , one venerated for experience,
judgment, and wisdom
sage : judgment :: knave : deceit
knave [neiv] ,
sensitive : boor :: sagacity : simpleton (OPPOSITE)
constant : stalwart :: judicious : sagacious (EQUAL)
sage : wisdom :: veteran : experience :: philanthropist : benevolence
sagacious without wisdom, folly, fatuous
fatuous , ,
sagacity folly, simpleton
sage fool
salacious [slis] a. , ,
salacious chaste
salient [silint, -ljnt] a. , ; ,
1. projecting or jutting beyond a line or surface; protruding
2. strikingly conspicuous; prominent
3. springing; jumping
salient : ignore :: incomprehensible : understand
subtle : ignore :: salient : observe
salient inconspicuous, reentrant, unconspicuous
reentrant pointing inward
sallow [slou] adj.
: of a grayish greenish yellow color
sallow ruddy
sally [sli] v. (), ,
1. to rush out or leap forth suddenly
2. to issue suddenly from a defensive or besieged position to
attack an enemy
3. to set out on a trip or an excursion
sally move slowly, dawdle, move back
sally arrive, come
salmon [smn] n.
salmon : ichthyologist :: chameleon : herpetologist
ichthyology [kildi]
herpetology
salubrious [slbris] a.
: conducive or favorable to health or well-being
salubrious : health :: instructive : comprehension
instructive conveying knowledge or information; enlightening
salubrious, salutary baneful, noxious, unhealthy, morbid, squalid,
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sanctum : ? :: refuge : offence
sanctimonious [sktmunis] a.
: feigning piety or righteousness
sanctimonious : devouted :: unctuous : earnest
unctuous ; ; ; ()
sanction [skn] v. , ,
1. to give official authorization or approval to
2. to encourage or tolerate by indicating approval
sanction refuse to tolerate, forbid, proscribe, reject
sanctuary [skturi / --ri] n. ; ,
sanctuary : protection :: utopia : perfection
sanctuary : protection :: wilderness : peril (A = B )
wilderness
Something characterized by bewildering vastness,
PERILOUSNESS, or unchecked profusion: the wilderness of the city; the
wilderness of counterespionage.
peril , ;
sand
[snd] v.
: to smooth or dress by grinding or rubbing with an abrasive
(as sandpaper)
varnish : glossy :: sand : smooth
sand : dune :: word : sentence
(water : canal )
sang-froid [s:frw:] n. ,
sang-froid : perturbation :: obstinancy : sway :: obstinancy : flexibility
sang-froid agitation
sanguine
[sgwin] a. ; , :
CONFIDENT, OPTIMISTIC
1. a. (color) of the color of blood; red
b. of a healthy reddish color; ruddy
2. cheerfully confident; optimistic
sanguine : blooded :: confident : optimistic
sanguine despondent, morose, hopeless
despondent , , feeling or expressing
despondency; dejected
morose , sullenly melancholy; gloomy
sanitation [snti-n] n.
1. formulation and application of measures designed to
protect public health
2. disposal of sewage(, )
censorship : information :: sanitation : disease
noxious wholesome, sanitary, innocuous
sanitary ; ,
insanitation healthfulness
sap
[sp] v. : UNDERMINE
1. to undermine the foundations of (a fortification)
2. to deplete or weaken gradually; devitalize
sap invigorate, fortify, bolster, revitalize, strengthen
sapient [sipint] a.
: having great wisdom and discernment
sapient foolish, witless
sapling [spli] n. /
: a young tree; specifically
: one not over four inches in diameter at breast height
sarcasm [s:rkz:m] n. , ,
1. a cutting, often ironic remark intended to wound
2. a form of wit that is marked by the use of sarcastic
language and is intended to make its victim the butt of
contempt or ridicule
206
[seit] v. , ;
1. to satisfy (an appetite) fully
2. to satisfy to excess
sate starve, leave wanting
satiate
[siiit] v. ~ , ,
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b. having or marked by a tendency to be bitter or sardonic
3. produced by absorption of lead
sardonic , scornfully or cynically mocking
despondent : depressed :: saturnine : gloomy (EQUAL)
despondency depression of spirits from loss of hope, confidence, or
courage; dejection
saturnine jovial, genial, mercurial, effervescent
saucy [s:si] a. ,
1. a. impertinent or disrespectful
b. impertinent in an entertaining way; impossible to repress
or control
2. piquant; pert
impertinent , ; ,
pert , ; ( )
saunter [sntr, sn-] v.
: to walk at a leisurely pace; stroll
prate : speak :: saunter : walk
prate to talk idly and at length; chatter
savanna [svn] n. ,
: a flat grassland of tropical or subtropical regions
savanna slope
savant [svnt] n.
1. a learned person; a scholar
2. n idiot savant
savant unlearned person
savory
[sivri] a. , ; ;
,
1. appetizing to the taste or smell
2. piquant, pungent, or salty to the taste; not sweet
3. morally respectable; inoffensive
mellifluous : sound :: savory : taste
unsavory : flavor :: discordant : sound
palatable : savory :: discernable : manifest (A << B(
))
savory noisome, acrid, unpalatable
noisome ; offensive to the point of arousing
disgust; harmful or dangerous
acrid (, ) , ;
savvy [svi] a.
: well informed and perceptive; shrewd
savvy simpleton, simplicity
savvy tactless
tactless ,
sawdust [s:dst] n.
soot : combustion :: sawdust : woodcutting
soot
wood : sawdust :: metal : filing
sawdust : wood :: crumbs : bread
scabbard [skbrd] n. ( )
: a sheath, as for a dagger or sword
sheath [i:] ;
dagger : scabbard :: pistol : holster
holster
scad [skd] n. ,
: a large number or amount. often used in the plural
scads paucity
saturnine
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scheme [skim] v. ; : INTRIGUE
1. to plot
2. to contrive a plan or scheme for
follow : shadow :: plan : scheme
plan : scheme :: depart : abscond
schism [sz-m] n. ,
1. a separation or division into factions
2. a. a formal breach of union within a Christian church
b. the offense of attempting to produce such a breach
3. disunion; discord
schism : consensus :: interruption : continuity (OPPOSITE)
schism unity, concord, accord, unanimity, consensus
scission [sn, s-] n. , ,
scission unification
scan
scant [sknt] a. , ;
1. barely sufficient
2. falling short of a specific measure
3. inadequately supplied; short
scant : considerable :: (OPPOSITE)
scant considerable, abundant, plenty, voluminous, profuse, myriad,
affluent
scanty [sknti] a. ,
1. barely sufficient or adequate
2. insufficient, as in extent or degree
voluminous scanty, scarce
myriad, profuse scanty
myriad constituting a very large, indefinite number;
innumerable
scanty abundant
scapegoat [skipgut] n. ,
: one that is made to bear the blame of others
scarce [skrs] a. ,
1. insufficient to meet a demand or requirement; short in
supply
2. hard to find; absent or rare
superfluity scarcity
myriad few, scarce
myriad constituting a very large, indefinite number;
innumerable
scarce rife, abound, abundant
voluminous scanty, scarce, sparse, summarizing
scare [skr] v.
: to strike with sudden fear; alarm
scare : terrified ::
bully : scare ::
scarp [skrp] n.
: an escarpment
escarpment ,
scathing [skii] a. ,
1. bitterly denunciatory; harshly critical
2. harmful or painful; injurious
scathing politely/calmly complimentary
school [sku:l] n. ( )
: a large group of aquatic animals, especially fish, swimming
together; a shoal
school : fish :: flock : birds
scintillate [sntleit] v. ;
1. to throw off sparks; flash
2. to sparkle or shine
3. to be animated and brilliant
scintillate : flash ::
scintillating dull, fool
scion [sin] n. : DESCENDANT
: a descendant or an heir
scion ancestor
scission [s:n] n. , ,
: the act of cutting or severing; division or fission
scission unification
scissor [szr] (pl.) n.
pestle : grinding :: scissors : cutting
saw : carpenter :: scissors : tailor
scoff
[skf, skf] v. ,
: to mock at or treat with derision
pontificate : pompous :: scoff : derisive :: drawl : slow :: bluster :
loud :: prate : aimless
bluster ;
prate to talk idly and at length; chatter
scoff : contemptible :: thank : grateful
scoff : contempt :: thank : gratitude
scooter [sktr] n. v. ,
oscillation : swing :: momentum : scooter (2002 ) (A B
)
momentum Physics. A measure of the motion of a body equal to the
product of its mass and velocity. ALSO CALLED LINEAR MOMENTUM.
scorch [skrt] v. , ; : PARCH
1. to burn superficially so as to discolor or damage the
texture
2. to wither or parch with intense heat
3. to destroy by or as if by fire (all land and buildings in one's
path) so as to leave nothing salvageable to an enemy
army
4. to subject to severe censure; excoriate
dampen scorch
score
schematic [ski()mtik] a. ,
of, relating to, or in the form of a scheme or diagram
208
[skr]
n.
[skt / skt] v. , ; ,
; ,
1. to put an abrupt end to
2. to injure so as to render harmless
3. to cut or score
4. to block (a whell) with a prop to prevent rolling or
slipping
scotch unfasten
scotch encourage ()
[skru:]
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gear : tooth :: screw : thread (A = B )
scribble [skrbl]
v.
1. to write hurriedly without heed to legibility or style
2. to cover with scribbles, doodles, or meaningless marks
tinker : adjust :: scribble : write :: mumble : talk
tinker ; / to make unskilled or
experimental efforts at repair
scrimp [skrimp] v. ~ , ()
scrimp squander, lavish
script [skript] n.
director : script :: conductor : score
script : drama :: score : music, symphony
scrupulous [skrpjls] a. , ; ,
: CONSCIENTIOUS
1. conscientious and exact; painstaking
2. having scruples; principled
conscience
* scruple [skr:pl] n. ; , , ;
1. an uneasy feeling arising from conscience or principle that
tends to hinder action
2. ( 1.296g)
3. a minute part or amount
man of no scruples
without scruples ,
* unscrupulous adj. () ,
unscrupulous : integrity ::
unscrupulous principled, circumspect, measured
probity, integrity unscrupulousness
probity , , complete and confirmed integrity;
uprightness
scrupulousity lack of conscience
scrutable [skrtb-l] a.
: capable of being understood through study and
observation; comprehensible
mysterious scrutable
scrutinize [skrt-niz] v. ,
: to examine or observe with great care; inspect critically
* inscrutable adj. , ,
scrutinize : gloss :: delve : skim
gloss ;
delve to search deeply and laboriously
scrutinize : glimpse, glance :: delve : skim
scrutinize : look :: contemplate : thought
contemplate , ,
observe : scrutinize :: question : grill (A << B)
headstrong : advice :: secretive : scrutiny, investigate (A = B )
scrutinize : examine :: delineate : describe
scrutinize : observe :: investigate : interrogate (A >> B)
investigate; to observe or inquire into in detail; examine systematically.
interrogate; to examine by questioning formally or officially.
scrutiny casual glance, cursory inspection
scrutinize gloss over, examine cursorily
inscrutable already proven
scuff
[skf] v.
: to scrape the feet while walking; shuffle
scuff : abrasion :: heat : vaporization
sculptor [sklptr]
* sculpt, sculpture
n.
209
n.
n. ()
[smi] a. , ; , ;
,
1. sordid; base
2. having, marked with, or showing a seam
sordid , ; , ; ,
seamy decent and respectable
seascape [s:skeip] n. ; /
: a view or picture of the sea
portrait : person :: seascape : ocean
secluded [sikldid] a. ,
1. removed or remote from others; solitary
2. screened from view; sequestered
sequester , ; /
hermitage : secluded :: landmark : conspicuous
hermitage , ;
landmark , ;
secrete [sikrt] v.t. ; .
: to generate and separate (a substance) from cells or
bodily fluids
1. to conceal in a hiding place; cache
2. to steal secretly; filch
secrete absorb
secrete divulge
divulge , to make known (something private or
secret)
secretive [s:krtiv, sikri:-] a. ,
frank : secretiveness :: honest : theft
secretive : scrutiny :: headstrong : advice (A B )
secretiveness honest
secular [skjlr] a. , ;
1. worldly rather than spiritual
2. not specifically relating to religion or to a religious body
3. relating to or advocating secularism()
4. not bond by monastic restrictions, especially not
belonging to a religious order
monastic ; ,
secular : sacred ::
secular sacred, religious
secure [sikjr] v. (, ) ,
: if you secure an object, you fasten it firmly to another
object.
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secure unfasten
sedate [sidit] a. , v.
: serenely deliberate, composed, and dignified in character or
manner
sedative : drowsiness :: anesthetic : numbness
anesthetic
sedative : pacify :: antiseptic : sterilize
sterilize /; ; ,
sedation riot
sedate flighty, roil, disturb, riot
flighty [fliti] ,
sedentary [sd-ntri / -t-ri] a. : SETTLED
1. characterized by or requiring much sitting
2. accustomed to sitting or to taking little exercise
3. remaining or living in one area, as certain birds; not
migratory
4. attached to a surface and not moving freely, as a
barnacle()
migratory, peripatetic sedentary, rooted
peripatetic , ;
sedition [sid-n] n. /
: incitement of resistance to or insurrection against lawful
authority
seduce [sidjs] v.t. , ;
1. to lead away from duty, accepted principles, or proper
conduct
2. to induce to engage in sex
3. a. to entice or beguile into a desired state or position
b. to win over; attract
seduce discourage
sedulous [sduls] a. ,
: persevering and constant in effort or application; assiduous
sedulous : assiduous :: bootless : futile
sedulous : sacred ::
sedulous careless, lazy
sedulity lack of industriousness
seedy [s:di] a. ; , ;
1. having many seeds
2. resembling seeds or a seed
3. worn and shabby; unkempt
4. tired or sick; unwell
5. somewhat disreputable; squalid
seemly [smli] a. ; : DECOROUS
1. conforming to standards of conduct and good taste;
suitable
2. of pleasing appearance; handsome
ribald : seemly :: labyrinthine : direct (OPPOSITE)
ribald [rbld] , characterized by or indulging in
vulgar, lewd humor
seemly, sophisticated uncouth, ribald, indecorous
uncouth [nk:] , ; ,
seethe [si:] v. , , , n.
,
seethe serene ,
seethe calm down
segment [sgmnt] v. ,
: to divide or become divided into segments
segment make whole
segment : unify ::
segregate [sgrgeit] v. /; ( )
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sensitive [snstiv] a. ,
obstinate : preserve :: tactless, insensitive : offend
insensitive : boor :: mischievous : imp
sensitization : allergic :: habituation : inured (EQUAL)
sensitivity : boor :: sagacity : simpleton
sensitive : boor :: sagacious : simpleton
quixotic : idealistic :: touchy : sensitive (A >> B)
tactile : touch :: sentient : emotion
tactile [tktil] ; tangible
sentient ;
sensitive numb
insensitive tender = sensitive
sentimental, sentient unconscious
sententious [sentns] adj. , ,
;
: terse, aphoristic, or moralistic in expression : PITHY,
EPIGRAMMATIC
sententious wordy
sentient [snnt] a. /
1. having sense perception; conscious
2. experiencing sensation or feeling
tactile : touch :: sentient : emotion
tactile [tktl] ;
sentient : consciousness ::
sentient, sentimental unconscious
insentient perceiving, animated
sentinel [sntnl] n. ,
: one that keeps guard; a sentry
sentinel : watchful :: epicure : discriminating
sentry [sntri] n. , ; ,
1. a guard, especially a soldier posted at a given spot to
prevent the passage of unauthorized persons
2. the duty of a sentry; watch
sepsis [spsis] n. ,
1. the presence of pathogenic organisms or their toxins in the
blood or tissues
2. the poisoned condition resulting from the presence of
pathogens or their toxins, as in septicemia
septic [sptik] a. ,
septic free of infection
sepulchral
[splkrl] a. ; : FUNEREAL,
MORTUARY
1. of or elating to a burial vault or a receptacle for sacred
relics
2. suggestive of the grave; funereal
; sepulchral visage(look)
mortuary ,
sepulchral merry
sequel [s:kwl] n. ,
1. something that follows; a continuation
2. a literary work complete in itself but continuing the
narrative of an earlier work
3. a result or consequence
sequela [sikwl] n. ;
1. a pathological condition resulting from a disease
2. a secondary consequence or result
precursor sequela
sequester [sikwstr] v.t. ,
1. to cause to withdraw into seclusion
2. to remove or set apart; segregate
211
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serried [srid] a. , : COMPACT
: pressed or crowded together, especially in rows
serried widely separated
seraphic [sirfik] a. ;
seraphic dark, earthly, mundane (brittle )
diabolical seraphic
diabolic, diabolical , ; , satanic
[sir] a. ,
: withered; dry
sere lush, damp
lush , ,
sere
serendipity [srndpti] n.
: the faculty of making fortunate discoveries by accident
serendipitous : effort :: ineluctable : chance
ineluctable , not to be avoided or
escaped; inevitable
serene [sir:n] a. , ; ,
1. unaffected by disturbance; calm and unruffled
2. unclouded; fair
perturb : serenity :: console : grief :: reassure : doubt (A remove B)
perturbed : serenity :: impertinent : propriety
impertinent , ;
disturb : serenity :: intrude : privacy
restless : serenity :: deferential : insolent
serene tumultuous, vociferous
serenity furor, havoc, pandemonium, tumult, bedlam, riot
furor [fj:r:r] ,
havoc [hvk] ,
1. widespread destruction; devastation
2. disorder or chaos
pandemonium ; a very noisy place; wild uproar or
noise
bedlam , a place or situation of noisy uproar and
confusion
sever [sev:r] v. , ; ;
1. to set or keep apart; divide or separate
2. to cut off (a part) from a whole
3. to break up (a relationship, for example); dissolve
[sivr] a. , ; : STRINGENT,
RESTRICTIVE
mitigate : severe :: qualify : general (A = B )
mitigate to moderate (a quality or condition) in force or
intensity; alleviate
palmy : prosperity :: draconian : severity (EQUAL)
palmy , ; prosperous; flourishing
severe
shabby [bi] a. , ; ,
1. wearing threadbare clothing
2. a. showing signs of wear and tear; threadbare or worn-out
b. dilapidated or deteriorated in condition, especially through
neglect; seedy
3. a. despicable; mean
b. not generous or just; unfair c. of mediocre or substandard
quality
shabby smart
smart ;
sermon [s:rmn] n.
1. a religious discourse delivered as part of a church service
2. an often lengthy and tedious speech of reproof or
exhortation
nitpicker : criticize :: preacher : sermon :: quibbler : cavil
homiletics : sermon :: logic : argument
homiletics the art of preaching
serfdom [srfdm]
n.
serf : a member of a servile feudal class bound to the land
and subject to the will of its owner
serfdom lord
serfdom feudal lord
[srp-ntin,-tn]
a. ; ,
serpentine
shackle [k-l] v. ; n. ,
1. to confine with shackles; fetter
2. to fasten or connect with a shackle
3. to restrict, confine, or hamper
shackle loose, free, unfasten, unfetter, untie, liberate, emancipate
( )
emancipate , to free from bondage,
oppression, or restraint; liberate
shadow [dou] v.t. ;
: to follow, especially in secret; trail
follow : shadow :: leave : abscond :: plot : scheme :: hear, listen :
eavesdrop
scheme to make plans, especially secret or devious ones
shadowy overt, distinct, explicit
shadowy , ,
overt , open and observable; not hidden, concealed,
or secret
shaft, mineshaft [ft, ft] n.
: a long, narrow, often vertical passage sunk into the earth,
as for mining ore; a tunnel
212
[m] n. , ; a. v. ()
, ~ ,
1. something false or empty that is purported to be
genuine; s spurious imitation
2. the quality of deceitfulness; empty pretense
3. one who assumes false character; an impostor
4. a decorative cover made to simulate an article of
household linen and used ver or in lace of it
debunk perpetuate to sham
debunk to expose or ridicule the falseness, sham,
or exaggerated claims of
sham genuine, debunk
shard [rd] n. () ;
shard : ceramic :: crumb : cake
shard : pottery :: shard : porcelain :: morsel : food :: fragment :
bone :: crumb : bread, cake (knob : door )
morsel [m:rsl] ; ,
[ltr] v. ; , :
PROTECT
conspicuous : sheltered :: (OPPOSITE)
hedgerow : fence :: arbor : shelter (A B, A B
)
hedgerow
arbor ,
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shelter
sheep [ip] n.
sheep : ewe :: swan : pen
ewe [ju:] cf. ram
pen
shiftless [ftlis] a. ; : LAZY
1. a. lacking ambition or purpose; lazy
b. characterized by a lack of ambition or energy
2. lacking resourcefulness or efficiency; incompetent
shiftless : ambition :: ingenuous, nave : guile
ingenuous , ; ,
shifty [fti] a. , ; , ;
1. having, displaying, or suggestive of deceitful character;
evasive or untrustworthy
2. distinguished by frequent changes in direction
3. able to accomplish what is needed; resourceful
* shiftiness
shifty : straightforwardness ::
shiftiness probity
shipshape [peip] a. , ,
: marked by meticulous order and neatness; tidy
shipshape : disarray :: squalid : cleanliness
disarray ,
[rk] v. n. ,
(=shirker) ( Random House Unabridged
Dictionary 2006 )
: to avoid or neglect (a duty or responsibility)
duty : shirk :: question : parry :: crowd : recluse
parry ( ) , ; ( ) ,
shirk
shore [r] n. ; v.
: the land bordering a usually large body of water;
specifically : COAST
: to give support to : BRACE - usually used with up
shred [red] n. , ;
1. a long, irregular strip cut or torn off
2. a small amount; a particle
shred : remnant ::
remnant ; ,
shrewd [rud] a. ,
1. characterized by keen awareness, sharp intelligence, and
often a sense of the practical
2. disposed to artful and cunning practices; tricky
3. sharp; penetrating
* shrewdness
shrewd : naf, naive :: (OPPOSITE)
naf = nave
shrewdness obtuseness
shrewd foolish, naive, naif, myopic, lack of discern
mgyopia ; ,
shrine [rain] n. ; , ,
1. a container or receptacle for sacred relics; a reliquary
2. a. the tomb of a venerated person, such as a saint
b. a place at which devotion is paid to a venerated person
3. a site hallowed by a venerated object or its associations
shrine : pilgrim :: peak : climber
pilgrim () ; ,
shrink [rik] v. , ; ;
1. to become constricted from heat, moisture, or cold
2. to become reduced in amount or value; dwindle
3. to draw back instinctively, as from something alarming;
recoil
4. to show reluctance; hesitate
shrivel [rvl] v. , ,
213
[n] v.
: to avoid deliberately; keep away from
frequent, haunt shun
haunt [h:nt] ; ()
shun frequent, haunt, seek actively
shunt
[nt] v. , () n.
a.
1. to turn or move aside or onto another course
2. to evade by putting aside or ignoring
3. to switch (a train or car) from one track to another
divert : shunt :: retard : brake
shuttle
[sai]
v. /
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: GRIEVE, YEARN
signal [sgn-l] a. ; ,
: notably out of the ordinary
signal unremarkable
simper [smpr] v.
: to smile in a silly, self-conscious, often coy manner
simper : smile :: babble : talk
simpleton [smp-lt-n] n.
: a person who is felt to be deficient in judgment, good sense,
or intelligence; a fool
prudence : daredevil :: sagacity : simpleton :: constancy : turncoat
sagacity the quality of being discerning, sound in judgment, and
farsighted; wisdom
turncoat : constancy :: simpleton : prudent
simpleton sagacity
simplicity [simplsti] n. , ; , , ;
1. the property, condition, or quality of being simple or
uncombined
2. absence of luxury or showiness; plainness
3. absence of affectation or pretense
4. a. lack of sophistication or subtlety
b. lack of good sense or intelligence; foolishness
5. a. clarity of expression b. austerity in embellishment
scurvy simplicity
scurvy , , mean; contemptible
simulate [smjlit] v.t. , : IMITATE
1. a. to have or take on the appearance, form, or sound of;
imitate
b. to make in imitation of or as a substitute for
2. to make a pretense of; feign
3. to create a representation or model of (a physical system
or particular situation, for example)
simulation authentic article
attest simulate
sin [sin] n.
peccadillo : sin :: admonishment : castigation (A << B)
castigate , to inflict severe punishment on; to
criticize severely
sincere [sinsr] a. : PURE
1. not feigned or affected; genuine
2. being without hypocrisy or pretense; true
authenticity : fraudulent :: sincerity : hypocritical
poseur : sincerity :: recluse : gregariousness
poseur [pouz:r]
poseur sincere person
badinage sincere conversation
badinage ,
sinecure [sinikjr, sni-] n. ,
: a position or office that requires little or no work but
provides a salary
sinecure arduous employment
arduous , ; ,
sinew [snju] n. , ; : POWER
1. a tendon
2. vigorous strength; muscular power
3. the source or mainstay of vitality and strength
* sinewy a.
tendon
a band of tough, inelastic fibrous tissue that connects a muscle with its
bony attachment
214
[sind] v.t. ; ; ;
( )
1. to burn superficially; scorch
2. to burn off the feathers or bristles of (a carcass of a bird
or an animal) by subjecting briefly to flame
3. to burn the ends of (hair, for example)
4. to burn the nap from (cloth) in manufacturing
carcass () ; ; ( )
singe : incinerate :: erode : destruction (A << B)
incinerate ,
[sgjlr] a. , ; , :
UNUSUAL
1. being only one; individual
2. being the only one of a kind; unique
3. being beyond what is ordinary or usual; remarkable
4. deviating from the usual or expected; odd
worldly singular
singular
sinister [snistr] a. , ; ,
1. suggesting or threatening evil
2. presaging trouble; ominous
3. attended by or causing disaster or inauspicious
circumstances
4. on the left side; left
sinister : welcome :: (OPPOSITE)
sinuous
[snjus] a. ; ,
:WINDING
1. characterized by many curves or turns; winding
2. characterized by supple and lithe movements
3. not direct; devious
4. sinuate
*sinuate [snjuit, -eit]
v.
: to bend or curve; wind in and out
sinuous direct
[sip] vi.
: to drink in small quantities
sip : drink :: mince : walk
mince , ;
swill, quaff : sip :: gobble : nibble :: quaff : sip :: stride : mince
quaff ,
swill to drink greedily or grossly
gobble ,
stride to walk with long steps, especially in a hasty or
vigorous way
ruthless : mercy :: insipid : flavor
swill sip
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penitent : obdurate :: skeptic : credulous (OPPOSITE)
penitent , feeling or expressing remorse for one's
misdeeds or sins
skeptic votary, credence, optimist, believer
votary , ;
credence , ,
skeptical credulous
skepticism credulity, conviction
sketchy [skti] a. , ; , ;
: SLIGHT, SUPERFICIAL
1. resembling a sketch; giving only major points or parts
2. a. lacking in substance or completeness; incomplete
b. slight; superficial
* sketch
fawn : imperious :: elaborate : sketchy (B A )
sketch describe at length
skew
skimp [skimp] v.
1. to deal with hastily, carelessly, or with poor material
2. to give inadequate funds to; be stingy with
parsimony : skimp :: malingering : shirk
skimpy liberal, profuse
skirmish [sk:rmi] n. ;
1. a minor battle in war, as one between small forces or
between large forces avoiding direct conflict
2. a minor or preliminary conflict or dispute
skirmish : insignificance :: duel : formality
duel () , ,
[skrt] v.t. ; ;
1. to lie along or form the edge of; border
2. to pass around rather than across or through
3. to pass close to; miss narrowly
4. to evade, as by circumlocution
circumlocution , ;
skirt seek, face, meet squarely
skirt pass the center directly, pass through the center of
skirt
sip
siren [si-rn] n. ([ ) ; ,
; ,
siren : unresisting :: juggernaut : unstoppable
siren : heard :: beacon : seen
siren : sound :: beacon : light
beacon ;
skeleton [sklitn] n. , ; ; ,
skeleton : animal :: framing : building
rib : skeleton :: knuckle : finger :: lobe : ear
skeptic [skptik] a. n.
: one who instinctively or habitually doubts, questions, or
disagrees with assertions or generally accepted
conclusions
skit
[skit] n. ,
1. a short, usually comic dramatic performance or work; a
theatrical sketch
2. a short humorous or satirical piece of writing
skit : revue ::
revue
vignette : scene :: skit : drama
vignette [vinjt] ( ) ;
skit : play :: anecdote : narrative
anecdote : story :: skit : play
skittish [skti] a. , ; , ,
1. moving quickly and lightly; lively
2. restlessly active or nervous; restive
3. undependably variable; mercurial or fickle
4. shy; bashful
skulk [sk lk] v. () , n.
,
skulk proceed openly (react, move rashly )
slacken [slkn] v. ,
1. to make or become slower; slow down
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sleet [sli:t] n. , v.
soil : mud :: snow : sleet (B A )
slew
[slu] n.
: a large amount or number; a lot
slew limited quantity, paucity
slab
[sleik] v.t. (, ) , :
SATISFY, QUENCH
1. to satisfy (a craving); quench
2. to lessen the force or activity of; moderate
3. to cool or refresh by wetting or moistening
slake : insatiable :: avoid : inevitable
slake : thirst :: gratify : desire :: satiate : hunger
gratify , to please or satisfy; to give what is
desired to
[slnt] v. ,
1. to give a direction other than perpendicular or horizontal
to; cause to slope
2. to present so as to conform to a particular bias or appeal
to a certain audience
slant assert without bias
slick [slik] a. , ; ,
1. smooth, glossy, and slippery
2. deftly executed; adroit
3. shrewd; wily
4. superficially attractive or plausible but lacking depth or
soundness; glib
viscid slick
viscid ,
slight
[slait] a. , ; ; ;,
v. , ,
1. to treat as of small importance; make light of
2. to treat with discourteous reserve or inattention
3. to do negligently or thoughtlessly; scant
celebration : lament :: slight : show respect (OPPOSITE)
slight ponderous, grievous, prodigious, massive, unwieldy
prodigious , ; ,
unwieldy (, ) ;
(unmanageable);
slight show respect to, cosset, lionize, compliment, respect, pay
attention to
cosset , to pamper
sling [sli] n. ; ;
splint : immobilize :: sling : support
slink
[slik] v. /
: to move in a quiet, furtive manner; sneak
slink strut, walk openly
strut; to walk wit pompous bearing; swagger
slant
[sleit] n. , ;
1. a fine-grained metamorphic rock that splits into thin,
smooth-surfaced layers
2. a. a piece of this rock cut for use as roofing or surfacing
material or as a writing surface
b. a writing tablet made of a similar material
3. a record of past performance or activity
4. a list of the candidates of a political party running for
various offices
roster : personnel :: slate : candidate
roster ;
sleazy [sl:zi] a. , ,
sleazy chaste
sleek [sli:k] a. , ; , ;
,
1. smooth and lustrous as if polished; glossy
2. well-groomed and neatly tailored
3. healthy or well-fed; thriving
4. polished or smooth in manner, especially in an unctuous
way; slick
unctuous ; ; ; ()
slippery [slpri] a. ; ,
1. causing or tending to cause sliding or slipping
2. tending to slip, as from one's grasp
3. not trustworthy; elusive or tricky
dingy : glisten :: slippery : adhere
dingy ,
glisten to shine by reflection with a sparkling luster
splint : mobility :: ballast : instability :: purchase : slippery
slippery : elude :: alluring : entice ( : )
slipshod
[slipd] a. , : SLOPPY,
SLOVENLY
1. marked by carelessness; sloppy or slovenly
2. slovenly in appearance; shabby or seedy
slipshod assiduous, fastidious, painstaking, neat
assiduous , ;
fastidious ,
slog [slg|sl g] v. , ;
; ~ n. , ,
slog gambol (200509)
gambol , ,
slogan [slugn] n.
1. a phrase expressing the aims or nature of an enterprise, an
organization, or a candidate; a motto
2. a phrase used repeatedly, as in advertising or promotion
sloppy [slpi / slpi] a. , : SLIPSHOD
1. marked by a lack of neatness or order; untidy
2. marked by a lack of care or precision; slipshod
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sloppy natty
[slou, sl] n. ,
: aversion to work or exertion; laziness; indolence
indolence , habitual laziness; sloth
slothful :: assiduity :: rakish : restraint
sloth industry
slothful assiduous
assiduous a. , ,
sloth
slouch [slaut] v. ; ( )
1. to sit, stand, or walk with an awkward, drooping,
excessively relaxed posture
2. to droop or hang carelessly, as a hat
slouch stand erect
slovenly [slvnli] a., ; ,
1. untidy, as in dress or appearance
2. marked by negligence; slipshod
* sloven [slv-n] n.
: one who is habitually careless in personal appearance or
work
slovenliness : finical, finicky :: laxity : draconian
indulgent : adherent :: slovenly : dapper (B A )
indulge
To engage or take part, especially freely or avidly
indulgent ,
adhere
(,,,) , ,
slovenly tidy, natty, dapper
sluggard [slg:rd]
n. ,
: a slothful person; an idler
rapscallion : mischievous :: sluggard : lazy
sluggish [slgi]
a. , ; ; ,
1. displaying little movement or activity; slow; inactive
2. lacking alertness, vigor, or energy; inert or indolent
3. slow to perform or respond to stimulation
sluggish : torpor :: aloof : reserve
alacritous sluggish
sluggish active, brisk, sharp, diligent, prompt
slumber [slmbr] v. ;
1. to sleep
2. to be dormant or quiescent
quiescent ; being quiet, still, or at rest;
inactive
slumber awake
slump
[sl mp] v. , , n. , ,
, ,
slump recover
sluice [slu:s] n. ( ) , , v.
,
n. an artificial channel for conducting water, with a valve or
gate to regulate the flow; A sluiceway. A long inclined
trough, as for carrying logs or separating gold ore
v. to flood or drench with or as if with a flow of released
water; to wash with water flowing in a sluice: sluicing
sediment for gold; to draw off or let out by a sluice:
sluice floodwater
sluice : water :: vent : air
slur
[slr] v. , ; ; ,
1. to pronounce indistinctly
2. to speak slightingly of; disparage
3. to pass over lightly or carelessly; treat without due
consideration
sly
[slai] a. ; , : DISSEMBLING
1. adept in craft or cunning
2. lacking or marked by a lack of candor
3. playfully mischievous; roguish
sly artless, ingenuous, candid, unassuming, uncalculating, nave,
guileless (shiftless )
smarmy [smrmi] a. ;
1. hypocritically, complacently, or effusively earnest;
unctuous
2. sleek
smarmy earnest
[smrt] vi. , ; ;
;
smart
smattering [smtri] n. ;
1. superficial or piecemeal knowledge
2. a small, scattered amount or number
stare : leer :: peruse : smatter
leer , to look with a sidelong glance
peruse [pr:z] /, to read or examine, typically
with great care
erudite smattering of knowledge, ignorant, unlettered
smirk [smrk] v. , ()
n. ()
: to smile in an affected, often offensively self-satisfied
manner
smirk : smugness :: sneer : derision
smug , ; ,
smoke [smouk] n.
smoke : pollutant :: backache : pain
smolder [smuldr] v. ( ) ()
, , n.
smother [smr] v.t. , ; ; ,
1. a. to suffocate (another)
b. to deprive (a fire) of the oxygen necessary for combustion
2. to conceal, suppress, or hide
3. to cover (a foodstuff) thickly with another foodstuff
217
[sng]
n. , ; ,
snare [sn:r] n. ;
1. a trapping device, often consisting of a noose, sued for
capturing birds and small mammals
2. something that serves to entangle the unwary
unwary , , not alert to danger or
deception
[snrl] v. ; ,
1. to growl viciously wile baring the teeth
2. to speak angrily or threateningly
, to become tangled or confused
exoneration : blame :: disentangle : snarl (OPPOSITE)
snarl coo
coo () ; to talk fondly or
amorously in murmurs
snarl untangle, disentangle
snarl
sneak [sni:k] v. , ; ,
1. to go or move in a quiet, stealthy way
2. to behave in a cowardly or servile manner
sneer [snir] n. , ,
1. a scornful facial expression characterized by a slight
raising of one corner of the upper lip
2. a contemptuous facial expression, sound, or statement
smirk : smugness :: sneer : derision (A show B)
smirk
wince : pain :: smile : pleasure :: pout : displeasure :: sneer :
contempt
wince , to shrink or start involuntarily, as in
pain or distress; flinch
pout ,
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snob
[snb / snb] n.
: snobbish of, befitting, or resembling a snob; pretentious
attentive : officious :: refined : snobbish (A << B)
snub
[snb] v. , ; ; n.
, , a.
1. to ignore or behave coldly toward; slight
2. to dismiss, turn down, or frustrate the expectations of
3. to stub out (a cigarette, for example)
dissemble : honesty :: snub : politeness
dissemble ,
ingenuous : dissemble :: raffish : preen :: polite : snub
raffish , , ;
snub : disdain :: double cross : disloyalty
court snub
court ; ; /
snub polite
snug [sn g] a. , , , , , v.
, adv.
snug unkempt, slovenly, untidy, disheveled
snug uncomfortable, insecure, (cramped)
soak
[souk] v. , ; DRENCH
1. a. to make thoroughly wet or saturated by or as if by
placing in liquid b. to immerse in liquid for a period of time
2. to absorb (liquid, for example) through or as if through
pores or interstices
3. to remove (a stain, for example) by continued immersion
soaked, drenched : wet, damp :: exuberant : happy :: frigid : cool (A >>
B)
exuberant , ; full of unrestrained
enthusiasm or joy
drenched : wet :: antithetic : different (A >> B)
antithetic ,
castigation : reproof :: soaking : damp (A >> B)
sober [subr] a. ; , ,
1. habitually abstemious in the use of alcoholic liquors or
drugs; temperate
2. not intoxicated or affected by the use of drugs
3. plain or subdued
4. devoid of frivolity, excess, exaggeration, or speculative
imagination; straightforward
5. marked by seriousness, gravity, or solemnity of conduct or
character
6. marked by circumspection and self-restraint
sumptuous, puckish, frivolous sober
sumptuous ; , of a size or splendor
suggesting great expense; lavish
puckish ; , mischievous; impish
frivolous , ; ,
sobriety [sbriti] n. , ;
1. gravity in bearing, manner, or treatment
2. moderation in or abstinence from consumption of alcoholic
liquor or use of drugs
sobriety sumptuousness, flippancy
sumptuous , ; ,
flippant , marked by disrespectful levity or casualness;
pert
sodden [sdn / sdn] a.
: thoroughly soaked; saturated
marsh : sodden :: desert : arid
marsh ,
moist : sodden :: surprised : astonished (A << B)
sodden desiccated
soggy
218
[sgi, s()gi]
a. ;
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1. of, relating to, or affecting the body, especially as
distinguished from a body part, the mind, or the
environment; corporeal or physical
2. of or relating to the wall of the body cavity, especially as
distinguished from the head, limbs, or viscera()
3. of or relating to a somatic cell or the somatoplasm(
)
somatic nonphysical
[smbr / sm-] a. , ; ,
: MELANCHOLY, GRAVE
1. a. dark; gloomy
b. dull or dark in color
2. a. melancholy; dismal
b. serious; grave
somber cherubic, droll
somber
solvent
sop
[slv-nt] a. , ;
,
a. 1. capable of meeting financial obligations
2. (chemistry) capable of dissolving another substance
n. something that solves or explains
coagulant : thicken :: solvent : dissolve (A = B , : )
solvent : dissolve :: coagulant : clot (EQUAL, : )
profligate : solvent :: mercurial : committed
(profligate solvency() , mercurial
commitment(, ) 3 16)
regimen : health :: budget : solvency (A is for B)
regimen [rdmn] , ; ,
caustic : burn :: solvent : dissolve
solvent precipitant
precipitant a. ; , n.
bankruptcy solvency
insolvency ability to pay one's debts
somatic
[soumtik]
(physical)
a. ; (corporeal);
[sp / sp] v. n. ,
v. 1. to dip, soak, or drench in a liquid; saturate
2. to take up by absorption
n. 1. a piece of food soaked or dipped in a liquid
2. a. something yielded to placate or soothe
b. a bribe
sop : dampen :: frigid : cool
sop : conciliatory :: subsidy : supportive :: snub : disdainful
subsidy [sbsidi] ,
sopping : dampen :: frigid : cool (A >> B)
219
[splist]
n.
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dabbler specialist
specific [spisfik] a. , ; (particular); ,
generic specific
specimen [spsmin] n. , ;
1. an individual, an item, or a part representative of a class,
genus, or whole
2. a sample, as of tissue, blood, or urine(), used for
analysis and diagnosis
specimen : dissect :: sentence : parse
dissect ; ,
specious
[sps] a. , : SOPHISTIC,
PLAUSIBLE
1. having the ring of truth or plausibility but actually
fallacious
2. deceptively attractive
exemplary : imitation :: specious : doubt
specious : genuineness :: illusory : reality
specious valid, veritable
veritable , being truly so called; real or genuine
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2. v. to spend extravagantly or wastefully.
3. n. an extravagant display; an expensive indulgence; a
spree
splurge : spend ::
spoil
[spil] v.t. ; , :
CODDLE
1. a. to impair the value or quality of b. to damage
irreparably; ruin
2. to impair the completeness, perfection, or unity of; flaw
grievously
3. to do harm to the character, nature, or attitude of by
oversolicitude, overindulgence, or excessive praise
cosseted unspoiled
cosset , to pamper
spiny
[spair] n. ,
1. a top part or point that tapers upward; a pinnacle
2. a structure or formation, such as a steeple, that tapers to
a point at the top
3. a slender, tapering part, such as a newly sprouting blade
of grass
taper /
spire : church :: minaret : mosque
minaret [mnret] ( )
spire
spoke [spouk] n.
spoke : hub :: radius : center
spontaneous [spntinis] a. ; , :
NATURAL
1. happening or arising without apparent external cause;
self-generated
2. arising from a natural inclination or impulse and not from
external incitement or constraint
3. unconstrained and unstudied in manner or behavior
4. growing without cultivation or human labor; indigenous
juggernaut : unstoppable :: extemporization : spontaneous
gauche : finesse :: spontaneous : planning
gauche , ; , lacking social polish;
tactless
spontaneous : planning :: (A B )
spontaneous premeditated
spoof [spuf] n. ,
1. nonsense; tomfoolery
2. a hoax
3. a gentle satirical imitation; a light parody
nicety : distinction :: spoof : parody
ode : poetry :: spoof : parody
sporadic [sprdik] a. ,
1. occurring at irregular intervals; having no pattern or order
in time
2. appearing singly or at widely scattered localities, as a
plant or disease
3. isolated; unique
sporadic regular, steady, chronic, frequent
chronic ,
sprain [sprein] n. (, ) ,
1. a painful wrenching or laceration of the ligaments of a
joint
2. the condition resulting from s sprain
lacerate , ; ( ) ,
1. to rip, cut, or tear
2. to cause deep emotional pain to; distress
ligament [lgmnt] , ;
sprain : injury :: cold : contagion :: influenza : disease (A B)
sprightly [spritli] a. : SPIRITED
: full of spirit and vitality; lively; brisk
dodder : unsteady :: cavort : sprightly
dodder ;
cavort [kv:rt] ,
hangdog sprightly
spry
221
[sprai] a. ,
: lively, active, and brisk; vigorous
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spry devastated
devastate ; ,
spunk [spk]
spunk timidity
squander : meager ::
conserve, hoard, husband waste, squander, exhaust
squander skimp, scrimp
skimp v. , a. ,
n.
[spr] v.t. , , :
STIMULATE
1. to urge (a horse) on by the use of spurs
2. to incite or stimulate
deter spur
spur
squash [skwa] v. , ; ;
1. to beat, squeeze, or press into a pulp or a flattened mass;
crush
2. to put down or suppress; quash
3. to silence or fluster, as with crushing words
squash foment
squat [skwt / skwt] a. ;
1. short and thick; low and broad
2. crouched in a squatting position
squat tall and thin, lean
squeamish a. () , ()
, , , ,
stain [stein] n. , ; , v. ,
222
[stilmit]
n. , : DEADLOCK
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startle lull, cause tranquil (-appease )
stasis [stisis] n. /
: a condition of balance among various forces;
motionlessness
stasis changing period, period of change, activity, moving,
disequilibrium, motility
static [sttik] a.
1. having no motion; being at rest; quiescent
2. fixed; stationary
static : movable :: pliable : inflexible
motile static
motile [mutl] moving or having the power to move
spontaneously
stature [sttr] n. , ; ; ,
1. the natural height of a human being or an animal in an
upright position
2. an achieved level; status
stature : tall :: sound, volume : loud
status [stits, stts] n. , ; ; () ,
1. position relative to that of others; standing
2. high standing; prestige
3. a state of affairs; situation
abase : status :: shorten : length, height
stealth [stel] n.
1. the act of moving, proceeding, or acting in a covert way
2. the quality of characteristic of being furtive or covert
caprice : whimsical :: stealth : furtive :: discontent : unsatisfied
steep [stip] a. , ; ,
v. , ; ,
v. 1. to soak in liquid in order to cleanse, soften, or extract a
given property from
2. to infuse or subject thoroughly to
3. to make thoroughly wet; saturate
collapse : implode :: steep : immerse
immerse , ;
precipice : steepness :: defile : narrowness
precipice , ; ,
defile v. ; n. ,
steep parch
parch ; ,
stench [stent] n.
: a strong, foul odor; a stink
stench : nose :: din : ear
stencil [, , ]
stencil : lettering :: pattern : sewing
stentorian [stentrin] a.
: extremely loud
audible : stentorian :: discernable : obvious, manifest (A<<B)
stentorian faint
sterile
223
[stril / -rail]
a. ,
[strl`aiz] v. /; ;
,
1. to make free from live bacteria or other microorganisms
2. to deprive (a person or an animal) of the ability to
produce offspring, as by removing the reproductive
organs
3. a. to make incapable of bearing fruit or germinating
b. to render (land) unfruitful
4. to make inoffensive or innocuous
sedative : pacify :: antiseptic : sterilize
sterilize contaminate
stickle [stkl] v. ( ) ;
1. to argue or contend stubbornly, especially about trivial
or petty points
2. to have or raise objections; scruple
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lavish stint
lavish
stingy [stndi] a.
1. giving or spending reluctantly
2. scanty or meager
miser : stingy :: sage : judicious :: loner : solitary
sage / ; ,
loner , , (lone
wolf) one who avoids the company of other people
insensible : boor :: stingy : miser
generosity stinginess
generously stingily
stipple [stp-l] v. //
1. to draw, engrave, or paint in dots or short strokes
2. to apply (paint, for example) in dots or short strokes
3. to dot, fleck, or speckle
stipple : dot :: striate : band :: penetrate : hole
striate
v. ~ ()
stipulate [stpjleit] v. ,
1. a. to lay down as a condition of an agreement; require by
contract
b. to specify or arrange in an agreement
2. to guarantee or promise (something) in an agreement
stipulation [stipjlein] n. ,
request : command :: propose : stipulate (A << B)
stipulation tacit requirement
[str] v. , ,
1. a. to pass an implement through (a liquid, for example) in
circular motions so as to mix or cool the contents
b. to introduce (an ingredient, for example) into a liquid or
mixture
c. to mix together the ingredients of before cooking or use
2. to alter the placement of slightly; disarrange
3. to take place; happen
4. to be capable of being stirred
5. to be roused or affected by strong feelings
exculpatory : absolve :: motivational : stir
dissipate : stir :: (A >> B)
impeccable : flaw :: indolent : stir
indolent ,
lassitude : stir :: appetite : indulge
appetite ; , a strong with or urge
stir
stickler [stklr] n. ;
1. one who insists on something unyieldingly
2. something puzzling or difficult
stickler : approximation, imprecision :: purist : adulteration
stickler : exacting :: martinet : disciplinary :: defeatist : resigned
defeatist a person who surrenders easily or is subject to
defeatism
stickler : exact :: pedagogue : indoctrinate
pedagogue , ;
stickler : imprecision :: prude : impropriety
prude ,
stickler : derelict :: poseur : unaffected
stiff [stif] a. , ; ; ,
numb : sensation :: stiff : suppleness
suppleness stiffness, rigidness
[stif-l] v.t. ; , ; :
DETER, DISCOURAGE
1. to interrupt or cut off (the voice, for example)
2. to keep in or hold back; repress
3. to kill by preventing respiration; smother or suffocate
stifle foment, foster
stifle
[stltid] a. , ; : POMPOUS,
LOFTY,
: stiffly or artificially formal; stiff
stint
[stint] v.
: to restrict or limit, as in amount or number; be sparing
with
stitch [stit] n. ,
: a single complete movement of a threaded needle in sewing
or surgical suturing
tile : mosaic :: stitch : sampler
sampler ; ()
stock [stk / stk] n. , ; a.
1. kept regularly in stock
2. repeated regularly without any thought or originality;
routine ,
census : population :: inventory : stock
stock unique
stockade [stkid / stk-] n. ,
1. a defensive barrier made of strong posts or timbers driven
upright side by side into the ground
2. a. a similar fenced or enclosed area, especially one used
for protection
b. a jail on a military base
stockade : enclosure :: pillar : support
stodgy
224
[stdi / stdi] a. ; () ;
, ; ; () , ,
[stuik] n. a. , ,
: one who is seemingly indifferent to or unaffected by joy,
grief, pleasure, or pain
stoic : perturb :: avaricious : satisfy
avaricious immoderately desirous of wealth or gain; greedy
stoic : perturb :: perfectionist : satisfy
stoic : perturbed :: buoyant : submerged
stoic liberal
stoke [stouk] v. ; ( )
1. to stir up and feed (a fire or furnace)
2. to feed fuel to and tend the fire of (a furnace)
stoke : fuel :: irrigate : water
stoke : fuel :: garnish : decoration
stolid [stlid / stl-] a. , : UNEMOTIONAL
: having or revealing little emotion or sensibility; impassive
stolid excitable, emotional
excitable ( ) ,
stomach [stmk] v. , , ; ,
: to bear; tolerate
stomach refuse to tolerate
stopgap [stpgp|stp-] n. adj. , ()
stopgap : temporary ::
stonewall [stounwl] v.
: (informal) a. to engage in delaying tactics; stall b. to
refuse to answer or cooperate
stonewall cooperate fully
stouthearted [stounwl] a.
: brave; courageous
pusillanimous stouthearted
pusillanimous , lacking courage; cowardly
straggle [strg-l] vi. , ;,
: ROVE, STRAY
1. to stray or fall behind
2. to proceed or spread out in a scattered or irregular group
rove , to wander about at random, especially
over a wide area; roam
strait [streit] n. ; ,
1. a narrow channel joining two larger bodies of water
2. a position of difficulty, perplexity, distress, or need
isthmus : land :: strait : water
isthmus [sms] () a narrow strip of land connecting two
larger land areas
stratagem [strtdm] n. , ,
1. a military maneuver designed to deceive or surprise an
enemy
2. a clever, often underhand scheme for achieving an
objective
stratagem : deceive :: concession : placate
stratify [strtfi] v.
1. to form, arrange, or deposit in layers
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2. a. to arrange or separate into castes, classes, or social
levels
b. to separate into a sequence of graded status levels
* stratification (), ,
stratification : layer :: perforation : hole
stratify homogenize
stray [strei] a. , ;
adj. 1. straying or having strayed; wandering or lost
2. scattered or separated
v. 1. a. to move away from a group, deviate from the correct
course, or go beyond established limits
b. to become lost
2. to wander about without a destination or purpose; roam
digressive : topic, subject :: stray : group
strength [strek] n.
slacken : tautness :: dilute : strength
slacken ,
dilute ;
strenuous [strnjus] a. , ;
1. requiring great effort, energy, or exertion
2. vigorously active; energetic or zealous
stress [stres] n.
: importance, significance, or emphasis placed on something
stress de-emphasis
strew [stru]
v.
: to spread by scattering
strew collect
striate [strieit] v.t.
: to mark with striae or striations
grooved : striating :: braided : stranded
stipple : dot :: striate : band
striated : groove :: dappled : spot
stricture [strktr] n. , ;
1. a restraint, limit, or restriction
2. an adverse remark or criticism; censure
eulogy stricture
stride [straid] vi.
1. to walk with long steps, especially in a hasty or vigorous
way
2. to take a single long step, as in passing over an
obstruction
quaff : sip :: stride : mince
strident [strid-nt] a.
: loud, harsh, grating, or shrill; discordant
stridency : sound :: acridity : odor :: garishness : appearance
(DEFECTIVE)
acrid (, ) , ;
strike [straik] vi. ; (, )
strike : medal :: mint : coin
mint () ;
[strnd-nt] a. ; : TIGHT,
CONSTRICTED
1. imposing rigorous standards of performance; severe
2. constricted; tight
3. characterized by scarcity of money, credit restrictions, or
other financial strain
stringent lax
stringent
strip
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[strip]
v.t.
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bedeck strip
bedeck to adorn or ornament in a showy fashion
[strt] v. n. ,
: to walk with pompous bearing; swagger
1. a pompous, self-important gait
2. a bar or rod used to brace a structure against forces
applied from the side
strut : walk :: pontificate : speak
strut : wing :: buttress : wall :: guy : pylon
guy ,
b. infernal; hellish
2. of or relating to the river Styx
stygian : dark :: abysmal : low (A>>B)
strut
stubborn [stbrn] a. ,
1. a. unreasonably, often perversely unyielding; bullheaded
b. firmly resolved or determined; resolute
2. characterized by perseverance; persistent
3. difficult to treat or deal with; resistant to treatment or
effort
studio [stj:diou] n.
studio : artist :: laboratory : scientist
stultify [stltfi] v.t. ,
1. to render useless or ineffectual; cripple
2. to cause to appear stupid, inconsistent, or ridiculous
stultify animate, stir, excite, remind, stimulate, enliven, inspire
enliven , ,
stultifying stimulating
stumble [stmb-l] v. ; , ;
1. a. to miss one's step in walking or running; trip and
almost fall
b. to proceed unsteadily or falteringly; flounder c. to act
or speak falteringly or clumsily
2. to make a mistake; blunder
3. to fall into evil ways; err
4. to come upon accidentally or unexpectedly
stumble win out
stun
stunt [stnt] v.
: to check the growth or development of
obstruct : progress :: stunt : growth
nurture stunt
stupefy [stjpfi] v. ;
1. to dull the senses or faculties of
2. to amaze; astonish
stupor [st:j:pr] n. ;
1. a state of reduced or suspended sensibility
2. a state of mental numbness, as that resulting from
shock; a daze
stupor : alert :: despair : hopeful
sturdy [strdi] a. ; ,
1. having or showing rugged physical strength
2. substantially made or built; stout
3. marked by resoluteness or determination; firm
4. vigorous or robust
sturdy decrepit, weak, feeble, powerless
stygian [stdin] a. , ;
1. a. gloomy and dark
stylus [stils] n. ;
1. a sharp, pointed instrument used for writing, marking, or
engraving
2. a phonograph needle
3. a sharp, pointed tool used for cutting record grooves
stylus : mark :: lamp : illumination
stylus : engraving :: shield : protecting
stymie [stimi] v. ,
: to thwart; stump
stymie abet, promote, foster
subdue [sbdj] v.t. , ; ~
(subdued : , ; , )
1. to conquer and subjugate; vanquish
2. to quiet or bring under control by physical force or
persuasion; make tractable
3. to make less intense or prominent; tone down
4. to bring (land) under cultivation
impervious : damaged :: indomitable : subdued (OPPOSITE)
impervious ;
subdue inflame, burgeon
subdued unruly, flamboyant
indomitable easily subdued
subject [sbdikt] n. , ;
1. one who is under the rule of another or others, especially
one who owes allegiance to a government or ruler
2. a. one concerning which something is said or done
b. something that is treated or indicated in a work of art
3. a course or area of study
4. a basis for action; a cause
5. a. one that experiences or is subjected to something
b. one that is the object of clinical study
c. one who is under surveillance
d. a corpse intended for study and dissection
potentate subject
potentate , ,
subjugate [sbdugit] v.t. : CONQUER
1. to bring under control; conquer
2. to make subservient; enslave
blur : definition :: subjugate : independence
subjugation liberation
subjugate enfranchise
enfranchise ; (emancipate)
sublime [sblim] a. ,
1. characterized by nobility; majestic
2. a. of high spiritual, moral, or intellectual worth
b. not to be excelled; supreme
3. inspiring awe; impressive
sublime : awe ::
sublime ridiculous, base, common, worthless, despicable, furtive,
laughable, not suitable, stealthy
subliminal [sblmnl] a.
1. below the threshold of conscious perception
2. inadequate to produce conscious awareness but able to
evoke a response
subliminal at a perceptible level
submerge [sbmrd] v.t. ;
1. to place under water
2. to cover with water
3. to hide from view; obscure
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groundless : substantial :: (OPPOSITE)
substantial trivial, diaphanous, vaporous, vague, tenuous
diaphanous [daifns] , ; ;
tenuous , , ; ,
[sbsdiri] n. , ,
:AUXILIARY
1. serving to assist or supplement; auxiliary
2. secondary in importance; subordinate
3. of, relating to, or of the nature of a subsidy
preponderant subsidiary
preponderant , having superior weight, force,
importance, or influence
subsidy [sbsidi] n.
1. monetary assistance granted by a government to a
person or group in support of an enterprise regarded as
being in the public interest
2. financial assistance given by one person or government
to another
* subsidize v. ,
sop : conciliatory :: subsidy : supportive
sop ; ,
subsidy : support :: debt : obligation
subsidize hinder, impede, obstruct, reject, undermine
substantial [sbstnl] a. , ,
1. of, relating to, or having substance; material
2. true or real; not imaginary
3. solidly built; strong
4. ample; sustaining
5. considerable in importance, value, degree, amount, or
extent
6. possessing wealth or property; well-to-do
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summarily after long deliberation
summit [smit] n. ,
1. the highest point or part; the top
2. the highest level or degree that can be attained
3. a. the highest level, as of government officials
b. a summit conference
crest : wave :: summit, peak : mountain
roof : room :: summit : mountain
nadir summit
succulent [skjlnt] a. , n.
: full of juice or sap
: highly interesting or enjoyable; delectable ,
* succulence
succulent desiccated, dry (languid )
suffocate
[sfk`eit] v. ; ,
1. to kill or destroy by preventing access of air or oxygen
2. to impair the respiration of
3. to cause discomfort to by or as if by cutting off the
supply of fresh air
4. to suppress the development, imagination, or creativity
of; stifle
suffocate : oxygen :: starve : nutrients
suffuse [sfjz] v.
: to spread through or over, as with liquid, color, or light
tint : suffuse :: amble : wander (A << B)
sugar
candy : sugar :: tire : rubber
suggestible [sgdstbl] a.
: readily influenced by suggestion
suite
[swit] n. ; , ; , ;
1. a staff of attendants or followers; a retinue
2. a. a group of related things intended to be used
together; a set
b. a set of matching furniture
3. a series of connected rooms used as a living unit
4. (music) an instrumental composition consisting of a
succession of dances in the same or related keys
retinue : attendant :: suite : room
retinue ;
sulky [slki] a. , ;
1. sullenly aloof or withdrawn
2. gloomy; dismal
sulky rejoicing
sullen [sln] a. , ;
1. showing a brooding ill humor or silent resentment;
morose or sulky
2. gloomy or somber in tone, color, or portent
3. sluggish; slow
sullen lively, affable, elated, bright, friendly
sully
[sli] v. , ()
1. to mar the cleanness or luster of; soil or stain
2. to defile; taint
* sullied
sullied : cleanness ::
sully cleanse
summary [smri] n. a. , ; ,
a. 1. presenting the substance in a condensed form; concise
2. performed speedily and without ceremony
compendium : summary :: anthology : collection
aside : digression :: summary : excerpt
summary protracted
protract to draw out or lengthen in time; prolong
supercilious [sprslis] a.
: feeling or showing haughty disdain
supercilious : hauteur ::
supercilious obsequious, humble, groveling
groveling , , ,
superciliousness humility
superficial [sprfl] a. ; , ;
,
1. of, affecting, or being on or near the surface
2. concerned with or comprehending only what is apparent or
obvious; shallow
3. apparent rather than actual or substantial
4. trivial; insignificant
superficial central, profound
superfluous [suprflus] a. , : EXTRA
: being beyond what is required or sufficient
pertinent : relevance :: redundant : superfluity
terseness : superfluous :: transitory : permanent
superfluous : indispensable :: indigent : wealthy (OPPOSITE)
superfluous elemental, integral
superimpose [su:p:rimpuz] v. , ; ,
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surcharge shortfall
shortfall ,
[srfit] n. : EXCESS v. ,
,
: to feed or supply to excess, satiety, or disgust
surfeit deficiency, deprivation, insufficient supply, famish, starve,
dearth, depletion, lack, emptiness, thinness
surfeit
surgeon [srdn] n.
: a physician specializing in surgery
scalpel : surgeon :: telescope : astronomer
scalpel [sklpl]
surmise [s:rmiz] v. , n. ,
surmise mention conclusively
surpass [srps|-p:s] v. ,
1. to be beyond the limit, powers, or capacity of; transcend
2. to be or go beyond, as in degree or quality; exceed
surrender [srndr] v. ; ;
1. to relinquish possession or control of to another because
of demand or compulsion
2. to give up in favor of another
3. to give up or give back (something that has been granted)
4. to give up or abandon
5. to give over or resign (oneself) to something, as to an
emotion)
inalienable : surrendered :: implacable : propitiated
inalienable [iniljnbl] that cannot be transferred to
another or others propitiate to conciliate (an offended power); appease
surrender appropriate
surreptitious [srpts / sr-] a. , ;
: CLANDESTINE
1. obtained, done, or made by clandestine or stealthy means
2. acting with or marked by stealth
surreptitious : secrecy :: peril : danger
surreptitious barefaced, aboveboard, overt, open, forthright
surrogate [srgit] n. ;
1. one that takes the place of another; a substitute
2. a. a person or an animal that functions as a substitute for
another, as in a social or family role
b. a surrogate mother
For centuries animals have been used as surrogates for people in
experiments to assess the effects of therapeutic and other agents that
might later be used in humans. (PP)
suspend [sspnd] vi. ;, ;
1. to bar for a period from a privilege, office, or position,
usually as a punishment
2. to cause to stop for a period; interrupt
3. a. to hold in abeyance; defer
b. to render temporarily ineffective
4. to hang so as to allow free movement
5. to support or keep from falling without apparent
attachment, as by buoyancy
suspend erect, invoke, let fall, continue, sustain, begin, proceed,
resume, abet, aid, rise, admit, welcome
suspicion [sspn] n. , ; ; , :
DOUBT
1. the act of suspecting something, especially something
wrong, on little evidence or without proof
2. the condition of being suspected, especially of wrongdoing
3. a state of uncertainty; doubt
4. a minute amount; trace
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[svelt] a. , ; :
SLENDER, LITHE
: slender or graceful in figure or outline; slim
lithe ,
svelte plump, paunchy and awkward, chubby
plump ,
paunchy having a potbelly
swagger [swgr] v. ,
1. to walk or conduct oneself with an insolent or arrogant
air; strut
2. to brag; boast
blustering : speak :: swaggering : walk
fawn : hauteur :: self depreciate : swagger
hauteur [hout:r] , haughtiness in bearing and attitude;
arrogance
imperious : fawn :: self-depreciatory : swagger
pontificate : speak :: swagger : walk
imperiousness : fawn :: self depreciatory : swagger
swagger : bravado :: caress : affection (A show B)
caress , ;
swamp [swmp / swmp] n. , ; ,
: a situation or place fraught with difficulties and
imponderables
imponderable ; that cannot undergo
precise evaluation
swarthy a. (, ) , (0706)
swarthy pallid
swath [sw|sw :] n. ( , ) ;
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accolade swearword
sweltering [swltri] a. ,
1. oppressively hot and humid; sultry
2. suffering from oppressive heat
sultry , ; ,
sweltering frigid
swerve [swrv] v. , : DEVIATE
: to turn aside or be turned aside abruptly from a straight
course
* unswerving , (, ) ,
unswerving : conciliate ::
unswerving : vacillatory :: capricious : deliberate
swerve maintain direction
unswerving changing, deviating, yielding
swill
[swil] v. ; ;
( ) : GUZZLE
1. to drink or eat greedily or grossly
2. to flood with water, as for washing
3. to feed (animals) with swill
swill : sip :: gobble : nibble
gobble ,
swill sip
swindle [swndl] v. ,
1. to cheat or defraud of money or property
2. to obtain by fraudulent means
implacable : compromise :: honest : swindle
swindler : cheat :: proselytizer : convert
proselytize /
swing [swi] v. , ; n.
oscillation : swing :: momentum : scooter (2002 ) (A B
)
momentum Physics. A measure of the motion of a body equal to the
product of its mass and velocity. ALSO CALLED LINEAR MOMENTUM.
sybarite
[sbrit] n. : VOLUPTUARY,
SENSUALIST
: a person devoted to pleasure and luxury; a voluptuary
sybarite : ascetic ::
Spartan Sybaritic, indulgent, voluptuous, luxurious
indulgent , showing, characterized by, or
given to indulgence; lenient
voluptuous , ; ,
sybarite ascetic
sycophant [skfnt] n.
: a servile self-seeker who attempts to win favor by flattering
influential people
sycophant : obsequious :: narcissist : self absorbed
obsequious , full of or exhibiting servile compliance;
fawning
sycophant : obsequious :: libertine : dissolute
dissolute , lacking moral restraint; indulging in sensual
pleasures or vices
sycophant : fawn :: miser : hoard :: dandy : preen :: pundit : opine ::
reprobate : misbehave :: skeptic : doubt (ruffian : tease )
reprobate a morally unprincipled person
sycophantic : obsequious :: pontificate : dogmatic (EQUAL)
sycophant : obsequiousness :: rival : competition :: extortionist :
intimidation :: malcontent : complaint
sycophant : flattery :: extortionist : intimidation
extortion , ,
swearword [sw:rw:rd] n. /
: an obscene or blasphemous word
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n. ; , ,
sympathetic [smptik] a.
1. of, expressing, feeling, or resulting from sympathy
2. favorable inclined
3. agreeably suited to one's disposition or mood; congenial
callous sympathetic
callous () ; , emotionally hardened;
unfeeling
symphony [smfni] n. ,
instrumentalist : symphony :: dancer : ballet
sonnet : poet :: symphony : composer
stanza : poem :: movement : symphony
symphony : conductor :: film : director
exhibition : painting :: concert : symphony
synchronous [skrns] v. ,
1. occurring or existing at the same time
2. moving or operating at the same rate
3. a. having identical periods b. having identical period and
phase
synchronous uncontemporary, occurring at different times, out-ofphase
contemporaneous ,
[sinrdik] a. ; :
COOPERATING
1. of or relating to synergy
2. producing or capable of producing synergy
synergic antagonistic
synergic
synergy
n. ,
T
tacit
[tsit] a. , ; ,
1. not spoken
2. implied by or inferred from actions or statements
tacit : infer :: encoded : decode, decipher
tacit expressly stated, directly expressed, explicit, communicative
stipulation tacit requirement
stipulation , ; ,
taciturn [strn] a. , ;
: habitually untalkative
taciturn : chatter :: insufferable : tolerate :: magnanimous : begrudge
begrudge , ; ( ) ,
taciturn : talk, word :: stingy : money (A=B () )
expansive, glib, prolix, loquacious, verbose, voluble taciturn, laconic,
succinct, reticent, withdrawn, limited
glib , ;
reticent , ; ,
verbosity, volubility, windbag taciturnity
windbag , ;
taciturn talkative, prolix, garrulous, loquacious
taciturnity garrulousness
tackle
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[tk-l]
n.
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3. submissive; docile; fawning
4. insipid; flat
5. sluggish; languid; inactive
tame : tractable ::
tame fortify, strengthen
tame racy, wild, unmanageable
racy ; ,
[tkt] n. ,
: acute sensitivity to what is proper and appropriate in
dealing with others, including the ability to speak or act
without offending
tact : offensive :: money : poor (LACK)
gaffe : tactless :: (CHARACTER)
tangential
talon [tln] n. ()
talon : eagle :: claw : panther
panther ,
tapestry [tpistri] n.
: a heavy cloth woven with rich, often varicolored designs or
scenes, usually hung on walls for decoration and
sometimes used to cover furniture
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[tti] a. , , : SHABBY
: somewhat worn, shabby, or dilapidated
tatty smart(, , ), tidy, dapper, valuable, fresh
[tt] a. ; ; ,
1. pulled or drawn tight; not slack
2. strained; tense
3. a. kept in trim shape; neat and tidy
b. marked by the efficient, sparing, and concise use of
something, such as language or detail
slacken : tautness :: dilute : strength
dilute
taut : commodiousness :: extraordinary : purlieu (OPPOSITE)
purlieu [p:rlju:] , , ;
loosen, slacken, floppy tauten
taut slack, lax, loose, unfirm, negligent, floppy
tawdry [tdri] a.
: gaudy and cheap in nature or appearance
tawdry : garment :: grandiloquence : language
garment an article of clothing
tawdriness sophistication, nicety
tawdry elegant, refined, exquisite
exquisite , ; ; ,
taxing [tksi] a. , : ONEROUS, WEARING
: burdensome; wearing onerous troublesome or oppressive;
burdensome
taxing light, easy
taxonomy [tksnmi|-sn-] n. /
1. the classification of organisms in an ordered system that
indicates natural relationships
2. the science, laws, or principles of classification;
systematics
3. division into ordered groups or categories
taxonomist : classify :: carpenter : build
tear
[tr] v. ,
1. to pull apart or into pieces by force; rend
2. to make (an opening) by ripping
3. to lacerate (the skin, for example)
4. to separate forcefully; wrench
5. to divide or disrupt
tear tether, yoke, attach, fix, clinch, bolt
tether [tr] () ; to fasten or restrict with or as
if with a tether
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b. easily chewed or cut
2. young and vulnerable
3. frail; delicate
4. sensitive to frost or severe cold; not hardy
5. a. easily hurt; sensitive b. painful; sore
6. a. considerate and protective; solicitous
b. characterized by or expressing gentle emotions; loving
c. given to sympathy or sentimentality; soft
tender hard-bitten, hardy, insensitive
hard-bitten ,
tender resist, retain, retract, withdraw, withhold, disengage, withhold
with consideration
tendinous [tndns] a. : SINEWY
tendinous : sinewy :: (EQUAL)
sinewy [snjui] , ; , strong and vigorous
tentative
[tnttiv] a. ; ,
HESITANT, UNCERTAIN
1. not fully worked out, concluded, or agreed on; provisional
2. uncertain; hesitant
pontificate speak tentatively
temporize
tenable
[tnb-l] a. / : DEFENSIBLE,
REASONABLE
1. capable of being maintained in argument; rationally
defensible
2. capable of being held against assault; defensible
ineluctable, inevitable : avoid :: untenable : defend
ineluctable , not to be avoided or escaped;
inevitable
tenable unjustified, unjustifiable, unsound, indefensible,
unsupportable, specious, fallacious, fallible, undefended
fallacious ,
fallible capable of making an error; tending
or likely to be erroneous
tenuous
tenacious [tnis] a. ,
1. holding or tending to hold persistently to something,
such as a point of view
2. holding together firmly; cohesive
3. clinging to another object or surface; adhesive
4. tending to retain; retentive
* tenacity n.
beneficent : harm :: tenacious : yield
temperate : restrain :: tenacious : persist
tenacious : yield :: insouciant : worry
insouciant marked by blithe unconcern; nonchalant
tenacious irresolute, negotiable, tractable, yielding
tenacity vacillation, indifference, slackness, self-doubt
terminus [trmns] n. , ; , ; ,
: TERMINAL
1. the final point; the end
2. an end point on a transportation line or the town in which
it is located
3. a. a boundary or border
b. a stone or post marking a border
inception : termination :: matriculation : graduation (OPPOSITE)
inception , ;
matriculation ()
terminus : stop :: epilogue : story
outset termination
sustain terminate
terror [trr] n.
1. intense, overpowering fear
2. one that instills intense fear
3. the ability to instill intense fear
4. violence committed or threatened by a group to intimidate
or coerce a population, as for military or political purposes
apprehension : terror :: affection : adoration (A << B)
terror : fear :: craving : desire (A >> B)
tender [tend:r] a. v. /;
: to offer formally
.
1. a. easily crushed or bruised; fragile
terse [trs] a.
: brief and to the point; effectively concise
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[ildi / -l-]
[r(), r] vi. ;;
,
n. 1. a large group of people gathered or crowded closely
together; a multitude
2. a large group of things; a host
protract : length :: throng : number
throng : denseness ::
thunderous
thunderous
thunderous
thunderous
[ndrs] adj. ,
: noisy ::
: sound :: brilliant : light
settled, moderate, faint, weak (pleasant )
thwart [wrt] v. ,
1. to prevent the occurrence, realization, or attainment of
2. to oppose and defeat the efforts, plans, or ambitions of
oppose : thwart :: treat : cure (EQUAL)
thwart, impede abet, support, aid (effectively), enable, foster, bolster,
foment, facilitate, stir up, assist, implement
ticklish
n.
235
[tkli] a. , ; (,
) ;
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tinged colorless
tinge bleach, blanch, discolor
tinker [tkr] v. ;
: to make unskilled or experimental efforts at repair; fiddle
tinker : adjust :: scribble : write
tidy
tiff
[tif] n. , ; , : SPAT
1. a fit of irritation
2. a petty quarrel
tiff : squabble :: foible : failing (A << B)
squabble
foible , ;
offense, crime : peccadillo :: quarrel : tiff
[timlis] a. (),
: dated :: pristine : sullied (OPPOSITE)
transitory
dated
tint
[tint] n. v. ,
1. a shade of a color, especially a pale or delicate variation
2. a gradation of a color made by adding white to it to lessen
its saturation
3. a slight coloration; a tinge
4. a barely detectable amount or degree; a trace
tint : suffuse :: amble : wander (A << B)
suffuse , to spread through or over, as with
liquid, color, or light
[t(), t ] v.
: to seize, hold, or manipulate with tongs
tong : seize ::
tongs : grasping :: reel : winding
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rotation to the point of application of the force
2. a turning or twisting force
torque : rotation :: tension : elongation
tongue-tied articulate
tonic [tnik] n. : REFRESHING
1. an agent, such as a medication, that restores or
increases body tone
2. an invigorating, refreshing, or restorative agent or
influence
conducive : foment :: tonic : invigorate, stimulate :: analgesic :
deaden
tonic enfeebling, draining, debilitating
tonsorial [tnsril / tn-] a. ()
: of or relating to barbering or a barber
tonsorial : hair :: sartorial : apparel
toot
[tut]
v.
: to sound a short blast
: to sound a note or call suggesting the short blast of a
wind instrument
toot : blast :: ?????? (<<)
torrential [trn-l] a. ,
1. resembling, flowing in, or forming torrents
2. resulting from the action of fast-flowing streams
3. flowing or surging abundantly; wild
torrential trickling
trickle , ;
torrid [trid, tr- / tr-] a. , ; : ARDENT
1. parched with the heat of the sun; intensely hot
2. scorching; burning
3. passionate; ardent
4. hurried; rapid
torrid arctic, icy, frigid, tepid
torridness frigidity
[trtus] a. ; , :
TRICKY, CIRCUITOUS
1. having or marked by repeated turns or bends; winding or
twisting
2. not straightforward; circuitous; devious
3. highly involved; complex
tortuous direct, straightforward, forthright (benevolent )
tortuous
totter [ttr|tt-] v. ; ,
1. a. to sway as if about to fall b. to appear about to collapse
2. to walk unsteadily or feebly; stagger
touchy [tti] a. ; ;
1. tending to take offense with slight cause; oversensitive
2. requiring special tact or skill in handling; delicate
3. highly sensitive to touch
4. easily ignited; flammable
quixotic : idealistic :: touchy : sensitive (A >> B)
tourniquet [trnikit] n.
tourniquet : bleeding :: brake : motion :: dam : flooding :: moratorium :
activity
tout
[taut] v. ; /
1. to solicit or importune
2. to obtain or sell information on (a racehorse or stable) for
the guidance of bettors
3. to promote or praise energetically; publicize
tout deprecate, denounce, cast aspersions on, criticize, impugn,
oppose
aspersion ,
tornado [t :rnidou] n. , ; ,
tornado : air :: whirlpool : water
torpid [trpid] a. ,
1. deprived of the power of motion or feeling; benumbed
2. dormant; hibernating
3. lethargic; apathetic
torpid vivacious, responsive, arduous, ardent, ebullient, animated
ebullient ;
animated ,
torpor [trpr] n. , ;
1. a state or mental or physical inactivity or insensibility
2. lethargy; apathy
3. the dormant, inactive state of a hibernating or estivating
animal
sluggish : torpor :: aloof : reserve
torpor : iciness ::
iciness ; ,
torpor zeal, animation, alert, ardor, ebullience, extreme excitability,
vigilance, vivacity
toward
torque [to:rk] n. ;
1. the moment of a force; the measure of a force's tendency
to produce torsion and rotation about an axis, equal to
the vector product of the radius vector from the axis of
trace [treis]
n. /,
: a mark or line left by something that has passed;
FOOTPRINT
: a minute and often barely detectable amount or indication
[tw:rd] a. ; ,
(promising)
1. favoring success or a good outcome; propitious
2. happening soon; imminent
toward obdurate
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[trktb-l] a. , ; ()
: DOCILE
1. easily managed or controlled; governable
2. easily handled or worked; malleable
complaisance : intractable :: adeptness : maladroit (OPPOSITE)
complaisance ; ,
tractable : manage :: squeamish : disgust (A B)
squeamish () ,
tractable : manage :: touchy : offend
subtle : overlook :: tractable : lead
testy : annoy :: tractable : control
testy , irritated, impatient, or
exasperated; peevish
tractable : control :: credulous : cozen
cozen ,
tame : tractable ::
tractable balky, pertinacious, incorrigible, insubordinate, obstinate,
intransigent, headstrong, obdurate, willful, unruly, inflexible,
uncooperative
balky ,
pertinacious , ,
intransigent ,
willful ,
tractability incorrigibility
pliant intransigent, intractable
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tranquility [trkwlti] n. , , serenity
tranquility : agitation :: abandon : inhibition
tranquility ferment, pandemonium
ferment , ; ,
transcend [trnsnd] v.t. , : OVERCOME
1. to pass beyond the limits of
2. to be greater than, as in intensity or power; surpass
3. to exist above and independent of (material experience or
the universe)
ossify transcend conventions
transfigure [trnsfgjr, -fgr] v.t.
1. to alter the outward appearance of; transform
2. to exalt or glorify
transfer : location :: transfigure : aspect (B()
A)
(transcend : limit ! C B(limit) A(transcend:
to pass beyond the limits of) )
transfigure : appearance, aspect :: transfer : location
transgress
[trnsgrs] v.t. () ; , :
VIOLATE
1. to go beyond or over (a limit or boundary); exceed or
overstep
2. to act in violation of (the law, for example)
rectitude : transgressive :: keenness : obtuse
rectitude , ;
transgression : morality :: presumption : propriety
trespass : boundary :: stray : path :: transgress : rules
transgress obey
transient
traduce [trdjs]
v.
1 : to expose to shame or blame by means of falsehood and
misrepresentation
2 : VIOLATE, BETRAY synonyms see MALIGN
traduce extol
trail [treil] v. (, ) , ~ ;
, ~
trail lead
train
trait
[trein] v. ;
1. to coach in or accustom to a mode of behavior or
performances
2. to make proficient with specialized instruction and
practice
3. to prepare physically, as with a regimen
4. to cause (a plant or one's hair) to take a desired course
or shape, as by manipulating
5. to focus on or aim at (a goal, mark, or target); direct
[treit] n. , ; (), ; ,
: PECULIARITY
1. a distinguishing feature, as of a person's character
2. a stroke with or as if with a pencil b. a slight degree or
amount, as of a quality; a touch or trace
trammel [trml] v. ~ ()
trammel = entrammel
untrammeled ,
trance [trns|tr:ns] n. , ; ,
1. a hypnotic(), cataleptic, or ecstatic state
2. detachment from one's physical surroundings, as in
contemplation or daydreaming
3. a semiconscious state, as between sleeping and waking;
a daze
transition [trnzn] n. ,
1. passage from one form, state, style, or place to another
2. a. passage from one subject to another in discourse
b. a word, phrase, sentence, or series of sentences
connecting one part of a discourse to another
transition persistence, durability, perpetuity
transitory [trnstri, -z- / -t-ri] a.
: existing or lasting only a short time; short-lived or
temporary
transitory : endure :: immutable : change
achromatic : hue :: transitory : permanence
transitory durable, enduring, permanent, perpetual, persistent,
protracted
transitoriness duration, durability, endurance, permanence,
perpetuation, perpetuity, persistence
protract; v. , ,
translucent [trnsls-nt] a. ; , :
CLEAR, LUCID, TRANSPARENT
1. transmitting light but causing sufficient diffusion to
prevent perception of distinct images
2. clear; lucid
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b. the document in which such an agreement is set down
2. a contract or an agreement
rectify : treaty :: confirm : hypothesis
rectify ,
1. to set right; correct
2. to correct by calculation or adjustment
tremendous [trimnds] a. ;
1. extremely large in amount, extent, or degree; enormous
2. capable of making one tremble; terrible
tremulous [trmjls] a. , ,
1. marked by trembling, quivering, or shaking
2. timid or fearful; timorous
tremulous bold
trenchant [trnt-nt] a. ,
1. keen; incisive
2. forceful, effective, and vigorous
3. caustic; cutting
4. distinct; clear-cut
trenchant : insipid :: (OPPOSITE)
trenchant vague, dull, ambiguous, insipid
trendsetter [trndstr] n.
: one that initiates or popularizes a trend
trepidation
[trpdi-n] n. , ; , , :
APPREHENSION
1. a state of alarm or dread; apprehension
2. an involuntary trembling or quivering
audacious : trepidation :: laconic : volubility
laconic ; , using or marked by the use of
few words; terse or concise
dauntless : trepidation :: footloose : attachment
footloose ,
trepidation aplomb, soberness
aplomb , ; self-confident assurance; poise
sober ; ; , ; ,
dauntless trepid
trepid; timid, timorous
treasurer [tr-rr] n.
: one who has charge of funds or revenues
treasurer : funds :: secretary : records
treaty [trti] n. ; ,
1. a. a formal agreement between two or more states, as in
reference to terms of peace or trade
trickle [trk-l] n. ;
1. to flow or fall in drops or in a thin stream
2. to move or proceed slowly or bit by bit
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: a self-evident truth
truism unusual observation, complex explanation/method
trumpery
[trmpri] n. , ; , adj.
1. Showy but worthless finery; bric-a-brac.
2. Nonsense; rubbish.
3. Deception; trickery; fraud.
trumpery honesty
trite
[trait] a. ,
: lacking power to evoke interest through overuse or
repetition
trite unbanal, unhackneyed, fresh, original, novel
[trkjlnt] a. , ; , :
CRUEL, SAVAGE
1. disposed to fight; pugnacious
2. expressing bitter opposition; scathing
3. disposed to or exhibiting violence or destructiveness;
fierce
pugnacious combative in nature; belligerent
truculent : gentleness :: unregenerate : remorse (OPPOSITE)
unregenerate unrepentant
truculent gentle, pacific, placid, genial, meek, peaceful,
cooperative, amiable, nice, civilized, agreeable, obedient, submissive,
pliant
truculence kindness, benevolence, tranquility
trumpet
[trmpit]
n.
trumpet : horn :: tambourine : drum
truncate [trkeit] v. ,
1. to shorten by or as if by cutting off
2. to shorten (a number) by dropping one or more digits after
the decimal point
3. to replace (the edge of a crystal) with a plane face
truncate : extent :: simplify : complexity
truncate : length :: abridge : duration :: constrict : diameter
prolong truncate
truss [trs] n.
: a rigid framework, as of wooden beams or metal bars,
designed to support a structure, such as a roof
truss : support :: ballast : stability
tubby [tbi] a. ;
1. short and fat
2. having a dull sound; lacking resonance
tugboat [tgbout]
n.
: a small powerful boat designed for towing or pushing larger
vessels
locomotive : flatcar :: tugboat : barge
locomotive
flatcar
[ ]
[tjmlt, -mlt] n. ; , ; , :
COMMOTION
1. the din and commotion of a great crowd
2. a. a disorderly commotion or disturbance b. a tempestuous
uprising; a riot
3. agitation of the mind or emotions
* tumultuous adj.
tumultuous : bedlam :: active : hive
bedlam ; , a place or situation of noisy
uproar and confusion
hive ( );
calm : frantic :: serene : tumultuous (OPPOSITE)
tumult placation, placidity, quietude, quiescence, tranquility, serenity
tumultuous serene, tranquil, peaceful
tumult
[trbid] a. , ; () , ; ,
: FOUL, MUDDY
1. having sediment or foreign particles stirred up or
suspended; muddy
2. heavy, dark, or dense, as smoke or fog
3. in a state of turmoil; muddled
turbid
turbulent [trbjlnt] a. ,
1. violently agitated or disturbed; tumultuous
2. having a chaotic or restless character or tendency
3. causing unrest or disturbance; unruly
turbulent : bedlam ::
maelstrom : turbulent :: mirage : illusory
maelstrom ; ,
turbulence serenity
truism
turgid
[triz-m]
n. ,
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[trdid]
a. , ; : BOMBASTIC,
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4. threatening or ominous
5. a. likely to cause embarrassment or trouble b. marked by
or inclined to anger or bad feeling; cross or disagreeable
pulchritude ugliness, hideousness
pulchritude [plkritj:d] great physical beauty and appeal
POMPOUS
1. excessively ornate or complex in style or language;
grandiloquent
2. swollen or distended, as from a fluid; bloated
turgid simple
turmoil [trmil] n.
: a state of extreme confusion or agitation; commotion or
tumult
turmoil tranquility
turncoat [trnkut] n. : TRAITOR
: one who traitorously switches allegiance
bigot : tolerance :: turncoat : constancy :: recluse : companion ::
simpleton : sagacity
turncoat : constancy :: simpleton : sagacity
sagacity , the quality of being discerning, sound in
judgment, and farsighted; wisdom
constancy turncoat
turpitude [trpitjd] n. : DEPRAVITY, BASENESS
1. depravity; baseness
2. a base act
turpitude saintly behavior, probity
turquoise [t :rkw iz|-kw:z] n.
gem : turquoise :: flower : violet
turret [t rit] n. ;
castle : turret :: sea : beacon
tutor [tjtr] n.
: a person charged with the instruction and guidance of
another
twig
[twig] n.
1. a young shoot representing the current season's growth
of a woody plant
2. any small, leafless branch of a woody plant
figurine : statue :: twig : branch (A << B)
twig : limb :: brook : river (A << B)
typo
[tipou] n. ,
: a typographical error
typo : text :: bug : software
tyrant [ti-rnt] n. ,
1. an absolute ruler who governs without restrictions
2. a ruler who exercises power in a harsh, cruel manner
3. an oppressive, harsh, arbitrary person
tyro
[tirou] n.
: a beginner in learning something
tyro expert
umbrage [mbrid] n. ,
resentful : umbrage ::
fractious : umbrage :: ( , )
unaccountable [nkuntbl] adj. , ,
, ,
unaccountable explicable
unaffected [ nfktid] adj. , , ,
; ~ , ,
posturer : unaffected :: bigot : tolerant (A = B )
stickler : derelict :: poseur : unaffected (OPPOSITE, : )
unaffected refined, pretentious, insincere, artful, bombastic, imbued
unalloyed [nl`oid] a. (pure), ; ,
(unmixed, genuine)
1. not in mixture with other metals; pure
2. complete; unqualified
unalloyed adulterated
unanimous [ju:nnms] a.
unanimous dissident, inharmonious
unassailable [nsilb:l] a. , ,
1. impossible to dispute or disprove; undeniable
2. not subject to attack or seizure; impregnable
unassailable : refute :: impervious : damage
unassailable : attack :: imperturbable : nettle
unassailable assailable, assaultable, attackable, controversial,
deniable, refutable
unassuming [nsjmi] a. , : MODEST,
RETIRING
exhibiting no pretensions, boastfulness, or ostentation; modest
unassuming imperious, overbearing, ostentatious, arrogant,
presumptuous, assertive
unavailable [nveilbl] a. , ,
: not available, accessible, or at hand
unavailable useful
unavailing [nvili] a. : FUTILE, USELESS
: not availing; ineffectual or useless
unavailing useful
unbending
U
ubiquitous [jubkwts] a.
: being or seeming to be everywhere at the same time;
omnipresent
ubiquitous : place :: perpetual : time
ubiquitous unique, rarely be encountered, extraordinary
ubiquity rarity
ugly
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v. ;
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unrequited [nrikwitid] a. ,
: not reciprocated or returned in kind
remunerative unrequited
remunerative ;
remunerate ,
unruly [nrli] a.
: difficult or impossible to discipline, control, or rule
unruly : authority :: refractory : change
unruly disciplined, subdued
unseemly [ns:mli] a., ;/
1. not in accord with accepted standards of good taste;
grossly improper
2. not suited to the circumstances; inappropriate
unseemly decorous
unseemliness decorum
unstable [nstib:l]
1. a. tending strongly to change b. not constant; fluctuating
2. a. fickle b. lacking control of one's emotions; characterized
by unpredictable behavior
3. not firmly placed; unsteady
unstable secure
unsubstantial [nsbstn:l] a.,;
1. lacking material substance; insubstantial
2. lacking firmness or strength; flimsy
3. lacking basis in fact
unsubstantial firm, realistic, practical, effective, strong, confirmed
unsubstantiated [nsbstnieitid] a. ,
unsubstantiated verified, confirmed
unsullied [nslid] adj.
unsullied tarnished
untactful [ ntktfl] adj. (, , )
untactful thoughtful, dexterous, skillful, discreet
untainted [ntintid] a. ;
untainted contaminated
untenable [nt nbl] a. ,
1. being such that defense or maintenance is impossible
2. being such that occupation or habitation is impossible
untenable : defense :: invulnerable : injury
invulnerable , ; ,
untenable : defended :: incontrovertible : disputed :: inevitable : avoided
incontrovertible , impossible to dispute;
unquestionable
inalienable : surrendered :: untenable : defended
inalienable ( ) that cannot be transferred to
another or others
untenable : defended :: inexorable : persuade
inexorable ; , not capable of being persuaded by
entreaty; relentless
untenable defensible
untenable habitable
untold [ntuld] a. ; :INCALCULABLE,
VAST
1. not told or revealed
2. beyond description or enumeration
countless, innumerable, myriad, untold : number :: everlasting,
interminable : duration
myriad constituting a very large, indefinite number; innumerable
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untoward
[ntjtrd] a. ; : NAIVE,
UNSOPHISTICATED
1. having had no formal learning or training
2. unsophisticated; unrefined
untutored polished
untutored
uptight a. , , ; ,
uptight calm
urbane [rbin] a. , : POLISHED
: polite, refined, and often elegant in manner
* urbanity n.,
urbane : gaucherie :: guileless : chicanery
brutal : urbanity :: enigmatic : lucidity, elucidation (A B )
brute : urbanity ::
urbanity : coarse :: (A B )
coarse : , ,
urbane bucolic, rude, rustic
urbanity artlessness, oafishness
oaf ,
[rd] vi.
1. to force or drive forward or onward; impel
2. to entreat earnestly and often repeatedly; exhort
3. to advocate earnestly the doing, consideration, or approval
of; press for
4. to stimulate; excite
5. to move or impel to action, effort, or speed; spur
didactic : teach :: hortatory : urge
hortatory , marked by exhortation or strong urging
urge
utter
V
vacate [vikeit / vkit] v.
1. to cease to occupy or hold; give up
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5. indistinctly felt, perceived, understood, or recalled; hazy
vague well defined, trenchant, fixed
trenchant , ;
[vslit] a. , : FLUCTUATE,
OSCILLATE
1. to sway from one side to the other; oscillate
2. to swing indecisively from one course of action or
opinion to another
impetuous : vacillation, hesitation :: bumptious : humbleness
bumptious , crudely or loudly assertive;
pushy
vacillation : persistent :: inertia : reactant (OPPOSITE)
inertia ; ,
vacillate : persistent :: react : inert
vacillate : uncertain :: apologize : contrite
contrite ,
apologize : contrite :: vacillate : irresolute, hesitant
adamant vacillatory
impetuosity, pertinacity hesitance, vacillation
pertinacious , ;
vacillate equipoise, resolute, stand firm, resolve firmly
equipoise ,
vacillation constancy, decisiveness, impetuosity, pertinacity,
resolution, motionless balance
adamant vacillating
vacuous
[vkjus] a. , ; , :
STUPID, INANE
1. devoid of matter; empty
2. a. lacking intelligence; stupid b. devoid of substance or
meaning; inane c. devoid of expression; vacant
3. lacking serious purpose or occupation; idle
vacuous intelligent, substantial, omniscient, full of ideas
omniscient having total knowledge; knowing everything
vacuity plentitude
[vigrnt] n. , a. , ;
: RANDOM
n. 1. one who wanders from place to place without a
permanent home or a means of livelihood
2. a wanderer; a rover
3. one who lives on the streets and constitutes a public
nuisance
* vagabond ,
vagabond : wanderer ::
vagrant fixed
vague [veig] a. ,
1. not clearly expressed; inexplicit
2. not thinking or expressing oneself clearly
3. lacking definite shape, form, or character; indistinct
4. not clear in meaning or application
[vlid] a. ;
1. well grounded; just
2. producing the desired results; efficacious
3. having legal force; effective or binding
* validate v.t. ~ , ~
valorize [vlriz] v.
1. to establish and maintain the price of (a commodity) by
governmental action
2. to give or assign a value to
valorize fluctuate
valorous [vlrs] a.
: marked by or possessing great personal bravery; valiant
craven valorous
valorous timorous
vanish [vni] v.
1. to pass out of sight, especially quickly; disappear
2. to pass out of existence
evanescent : disappear, vanish :: pliant : yield :: periodic : recur (A = B
, )
(transparent : penetrate . (A = B , ))
evanescent : vanish :: consistent : perpetuate
perpetuate ; make perpetual; to prolong
the existence of
constant : perpetuate :: transient : vanish ( : )
vanquish
245
[vkwi]
v.t. ; ,
variance
variegation [vrigin] n. ()
: the state of being variegated; diversified coloration
variegate v. ; ...
variegation : uniformity :: simplicity : difficulty
variegation uniform coloration, sameness, uniformity, homogeneity
varnish [vrni] n. v.
1. to cover with varnish
2. to give a smooth and glossy finish to
3. to give a deceptively attractive appearance to; gloss over
glaze : porcelain :: varnish : wood :: wax : linoleum
varnish : glossy :: sand : smooth
vat
[vt] n.
: a large vessel (as a cistern, tub, or barrel) especially for
holding liquors in an immature state or preparations for
dyeing or tanning
mortar : grind :: vat : dye
vault [vlt] n. ()
larder : provisions :: vault : valuables :: reservoir : water
larder
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vault : valuables :: refrigerator : foods :: library : books
vaunt [vnt, vnt] v. , : BRAG n.
: to speak boastfully of; brag about
vaunt ones skill
vaunt deprecate, humble, self-deprecate, downplay, understate,
resign, (retire)
downplay to minimize the significance of; play down
vaunting meek ( 3)
vaunting ,
meek showing patience and humility
[vir] v.
1. to turn aside from a course, direction, or purpose; swerve
2. to shift clockwise in direction, as from north to northeast.
used of the wind
swerve , to turn aside or be turned aside from a
straight course
veer : direction :: convert : belief
topic : digress :: course : veer
veer maintain constant
veer
246
[vris] a. , ; : TRUTHFUL,
HONEST
1. honest; truthful
2. accurate; precise
veracious : guile :: (OPPOSITE)
veracious mendacious, fallacious
mendacious
1. lying; untruthful
2. false; untrue
veracity [vrsti] n. , ;
1. adherence to the truth; truthfulness
2. conformity to fact or truth; accuracy or precision
3. something that is true
veracity : dissembler :: agility : bungler
mendacity, prevarication veracity
verbalism [vrblzm] n.
1 a. a verbal expression: TERM
b. PHRASING, WORDING
2. words used as if they were more important than the
realities they represent
3. a. a wordy expression of little meaning b. VERBOSITY
argot standard language / common verbalism
argot , a specialized vocabulary or set of idioms used by a
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particular group
verbatim [vrbitim] a.
: using exactly the same words; corresponding word for word
paraphrase : verbatim :: approximate : precise
verbiage [v:rbiid] n. ,
verbiage terseness
verbose [vrbus] a. , : WORDY
: using or containing a great and usually an excessive
number of words; wordy
verbosity : words :: floridness : embellishments
florid , ; , ,
verbosity succinctness, laconism, terseness, pithiness, conciseness,
restraint
verbose succinct, concise, laconic (taciturn )
verdant [vrdnt] a. ;
1. green with vegetation; covered with green growth
2. (color) green in hue
3. lacking experience or sophistication; naive
verdant sterile, sere, barren
sere , withered; dry
verdict [vrdikt] n. ()
1. (law) the finding of a jury in a trial
2. an expressed conclusion; a judgment or an opinion
verify [vrfi] v.t. ,
1. to prove the truth of by presentation of evidence or
testimony; substantiate
2. to determine or test the truth or accuracy of, as by
comparison, investigation, or reference
verifiable : plausible :: obfuscating : indiscernible
obfuscate ,
plumb : depth :: verify : accuracy
refutation verification
refutation ,
unsubstantiated verified
unsubstantiated ,
verifiable fallacious, questionable, doubtful, unreliable, vague
verify refute
verisimilar [vrsmlr] a.
: appearing to be true or real; probable
verisimilar implausible
implausible , difficult to believe; not plausible
veritable [vrtbl] a. ,
: being truly so called; real or genuine
veritable specious
vermin [vrmin] n. ;
: person considered loathsome or highly offensive
vernacular [vrnkjlr] n. ; , ;
1. the standard native language of a country or locality
2. the everyday language spoken by a people as
distinguished from the literary language
3. the idiom of a particular trade or profession
4. an idiomatic word, phrase, or expression
5. the common, nonscientific name of a plant or an animal
vernacular : place :: jargon : profession
vernacular : local :: jargon : profession
jargon ;
versatile [vrstl / -til] a. , ,
1. capable of doing many things competently
2. having varied uses or serving many functions
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n. /
vicarious
vestige [vstid] n. , , ;
: a visible trace, evidence, or sign of something that once
existed but exists or appears no more
vestige : remainder :: figurine : statue
vestige fully developed
vestigial [vestdil] a. ,
vestige ,
a visible trace, evidence, or sign of something that once existed but
exists or appears no more
vestigial fully developed
veteran [vtrn] n. ,
1. a person who is long experienced or practiced in an
activity or a capacity
2. a person who has served in the armed forces
3. an old soldier who has been long service
cadet : veteran :: tadpole : frog
cadet [kdt] ,
veto
[vtou] n. ; , : INTERDICTION
: an authoritative prohibition or rejection of a proposed or
intended act
veto : prohibitive :: overture : introductory
veto : enactment :: antiseptic : infection
veto consent
vex
[veks] v.t. ,
1. to annoy, as with petty importunities; bother
vice [vais] n. , , ; (, , , ) ,
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4. to defend, maintain, or insist on the recognition of (one's
right, for example)
5. to exact revenge for; avenge
vindicate : blame :: disabuse : miscomprehension
vindicate calumniate, impugn, inculpate, confirm guilt, blame
calumniate / to make maliciously or knowingly false
statements about
impugn /, to attack as false or questionable;
challenge in argument inculpate to incriminate
incriminate , ; ... ( )
implicate ;
vindictive [vindktiv] a. ; : VENGEFUL
1. disposed to seek revenge; revengeful
2. marked by or resulting from a desire to hurt; spiteful
mercenary : money :: vindictive : revenge
violate [vilit] v. : rape
: BREAK, DISREGARD
: to do harm to the person or especially the chastity of
vignette
vigor [vgr] n. ,
1. physical or mental strength, energy, or force
2. the capacity for natural growth and survival, as of plants
or animals
3. strong feeling; enthusiasm or intensity
4. legal effectiveness or validity
decrepit vigorous
decrepit , ;
virile [vrl|-ail] , ; ,
1. of, relating to, or having the characteristics of an adult
male
2. having or showing masculine spirit, strength, vigor, or
power
* virility [virlti] n. , ,
: the quality or state of being virile
virtuoso [vrtuusou, -zou] n. , a. ( )
virtuoso : skill :: potentate : power :: genius : intelligence
potentate , , ,
virtuoso : mediocre :: impostor : unfeigned
mediocre [m:diukr] , moderate to inferior in quality;
ordinary
impostor one who engages in deception under an assumed
name or identity
virtuoso mediocre, ordinary, unskillful person, beginner, novice
virtuosity mediocrity, beginner, novice
vile
vilify
virulent [vrjulnt] a. ,
1. a. extremely infectious, malignant, or poisonous
b. capable of causing disease by breaking down protective
mechanisms of the host
2. bitterly hostile or antagonistic; hateful
3. intensely irritating, obnoxious, or harsh
obnoxious , ; (, )
virulent salubrious, harmless, genial, benign
salubrious conducive or favorable to health or well-being
[vail] a. , , ,
1. loathsome; disgusting
2. unpleasant or objectionable
3. a. contemptibly low in worth or account; second-rate
b. of mean or low condition
4. miserably poor and degrading; wretched
5. morally depraved; ignoble or wicked
vile noble, unexceptionable, unimpeachable
unexceptionable a. , ,
, (unobjectionable, irreproachable) Beyond any
reasonable objection; irreproachable.
[vlfi] v. : DEFAME
: to make vicious and defamatory statements about
vilify : laud ::
vilify extol, honor, commend, laud
vilification approbation, adulation, beautification
vim
[vim] n.
: ebullient vitality and energy
lassitude, lethargy vim, animation, verve
verve ( ) , ; ,
vindicate [vndkit] v. (, )
1. to clear of accusation, blame, suspicion, or doubt wit
supporting arguments or proof
2. to provide justification or support for
3. to justify or prove the worth of, especially in light of later
developments
visceral [vrl] a. ; ; , ,
1. relating to, situated in, or affecting the viscera
2. perceived in or as if in the viscera; profound
3. instinctive: visceral needs; instinctive
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* vituperate v.
* vituperation n.
vituperation : philippic ::
lionize : admire :: vituperate : despise
lionize
vituperate admire, praise, adulate
vituperative adulatory, admirable, complimentary, laudatory
vivacious [vivis, vai-] a. , : SPRIGHTLY
: full of animation and spirit; lively
vivacious languid, phlegmatic, leaden
phlegmatic , ;
leaden [ldn] () ; ,
vivid
[vvid] a. : LIVELY
1. perceived as bright and distinct; brilliant
2. a. having intensely bright colors b. having a very high
degree of saturation
3. full of the vigor and freshness of immediate experience
4. a. evoking lifelike images within the mind; heard, seen, or
felt as if real b. active in forming lifelike images
* vivify v. ~ () ,
vivid : intensify ::
intensify to make intense or more intense
vivid weary
vivify inhibit, deaden, dampen
[vst] n. , ; ; , : PROSPECT
1. a. a distant view or prospect, especially one seen
through an opening, as between rows or
buildings or trees b. an avenue or other passage affording
such a view
2. an awareness of a range of time, events, or subjects; a
broad mental view
placebo : painkiller :: backdrop : vista
vitality [vaitlti] n. , ;
1. the capacity to live, grow, or develop
2. physical or intellectual vigor; energy
3. the characteristic, principle, or force that distinguishes
living things from nonliving things
4. power to survive
* vitalize [vitlaiz] v. , ;
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a. ;
voluptuous [vlptus] a. ; ,
1. giving, characterized by, or suggesting ample,
unrestrained pleasure to the senses
2. devoted to or indulging in sensual pleasures b. directed
toward or anticipating sensual pleasure
3. arising from or contributing to the satisfaction of
sensuous or sensual desires
voluptuary ascetic
Spartan Sybaritic, indulgent, voluptuous, luxurious
voluptuous self contained, self denying
self-contained , (self-controlled)
self-denial ,
voluptuousness austereness
vomit [vmit / vm-] n. ; ,
2. to be discharged forcefully and abundantly; spew or gush
vomit : disgorge :: (EQUAL)
gorge ()
voracious [vouris] a. : INSATIABLE
1. consuming or eager to consume great amounts of food;
ravenous
2. having or marked by an insatiable appetite for an activity
or a pursuit; greedy
impassive : perturb :: voracious : satisfy
voracious : food :: avaricious : money
voracity lack of appetite
voracious easily sated, abstemious
voraciousness abstemiousness
votary [vutri] n. ;
1. a. a person bound by vows to live a life of religious
worship or service b. a devout adherent of a cult or
religion; a committed worshiper
2. a person who is fervently devoted, as to a leader or an
ideal; a faithful follower
3. a person who is filled wit enthusiasm, as for a pursuit or
hobby; an enthusiast
votary skeptic, reactionary, apostate
vouch [vaut] vi. ,
1. to give personal assurances; give a guarantee
2. to constitute supporting evidence; give substantiation
vouch refuse to guarantee
vouchsafe [vautsif] v.
: to grant or furnish often in a gracious or condescending
manner
vouchsafe prohibit
vulgar [vlgr] a. , : COARSE
1. of or associated with the great masses of people; common
2. spoken by or expressed in language spoken by the
common people; vernacular
3. a. deficient in taste, delicacy, or refinement b. marked by a
lack of good breeding; boorish c.
offensively excessive in self-display or expenditure;
ostentatious
4. crudely indecent
genteel : vulgarity :: intrepid : fear (A B )
genteel , ,
intrepid , resolutely courageous; fearless
vulgar noble, aesthetic, refined
vulgarian aesthete (altruist )
vulgarity polish (neatness )
vulnerable[vln:rb:l] a. , ,
1. a. susceptible to physical injury
b. susceptible to attack
c. open to censure or criticism; assailable
2. liable to succumb, as to persuasion or temptation
vulnerable safe
vulture [vltr] n. ,
vulture altruist
W
waddle [wdl|wdl] v. ;
1. to walk with short steps that tilt the body from side to side
2. to walk heavily and clumsily with a pronounced sway
slither : snake :: waddle : duck
slither [slr] , ()
waffle [wf-l / wf-l] vi. , : BLATHER
: to speak or write evasively
waffle : enunciate :: embed : disinter (OPPOSITE)
enunciate ,
disinter ,
waffle speak unequivocally, insist harshly, express succinctly
waft
[wft, -:-] v. ,
1. to cause to go gently and smoothly through the air or over
water
2. to convey or send floating through the air or over water
waft : plummet :: meander : dash
wag
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aligned warped
waif [weif] n. ,
waif : pariah :: (A = B)
wan
[w-ri] a. ,
1. on guard; watchful
2. characterized by caution
vigilant : entrapped :: exacting : satisfied :: wary : gulled (A=B
)
wary : gulled :: vigilant : ambushed (A B )
wary : paranoid :: confident : arrogant (A<<B)
vigilant : waylaid :: wary : duped
remiss scrupulous, wary, painstaking
remiss , ; ,
painstaking , ,
waterproof [wtrprf]
waterproof permeable
wanton
watershed
[w()nt-n, wn-] a. , ;
, , : MISCHIEVOUS
1. immoral or unchaste; lewd
2. a. gratuitously cruel; merciless b. marked by unprovoked,
gratuitous maliciousness; capricious and unjust
3. unrestrainedly excessive
4. luxuriant; overabundant
5. frolicsome; playful
6. undisciplined; spoiled
gratuitous ; ;
wantonness temperance
[wtrd] n. (); :
TURNING POINT
a critical point that marks a division or a change of course; a
turning point
watershed routine
(ambiguity )
wax
[wks] v. , , n.
1. to increase gradually in size, number, strength, or intensity
2. to show a progressively larger illuminated area, as the
moon does in passing from new to full
3. to grow or become as specified
varnish : wood :: wax : linoleum
wax decrease, decline, diminution, diminish, dwindle, waste away,
flag, wane, ebb, shrink, fade, wither (relinquish )
wax subside
a.
waylay [wili] v.
: to lie in wait for or attack from ambush
vigilant : waylaid :: wary : duped
watchful : waylaid :: cunning : gulled :: wary : duped (A
B )
gull a person who is easily tricked or cheated; a dupe
weary [w(:)ri] a. , ;
1. physically or mentally fatigued
2. expressive of or prompted by fatigue
3. having one's interest, forbearance, or indulgence worn out
4. causing fatigue; tiresome
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decadence, taint wholesomeness
decadence ,
wholesome, unspoiled deleterious, insalubrious, morbid, tainted,
sordid
salubrious conducive or favorable to health or well-being
morbid , ;
noxious wholesome, sanitary, innocuous
sanitary , ,
weasel [w:zl] v. , ,
weasel speak frankly
weather [wr] v. ,
1 : to expose to the open air : subject to the action of the
elements
2 : to bear up against and come safely through
: to undergo or endure the action of the elements
weighty
a. , , , , ,
,
1. having considerable weight; heavy
2. burdensome; oppressive
3. of great consequence; momentous
4. having great power or influence
5. solemn; serious
weld
[weld] v. ; ,
1. to join (metals) by applying heat, sometimes with
pressure and sometimes with in intermediate or filler
metal having a high melting point
2. to bring into close association or union
weld : metal :: sew : fabric
weld divide
welter [wltr] n. ; ,
1. a confused mass; a jumble
2. confusion; turmoil
welter orderly arrangement
wheedle [hwdl] v.t.
1. to persuade or attempt to persuade by flattery or guile;
cajole
2. to obtain through the use of flattery or guile
wheedle : cajolery :: extort : coercion (EQUAL)
extort ,
coercion ,
whet [hwet] v.t. ; ( ) ,
1. to sharpen (a knife, for example); hone
2. to make more keen; stimulate
Whet : sharpness ::
whet : blunt :: (OPPOSITE)
whet dull, blunt
blunt a., v. , n.
whiff [hwif] n.
1. a slight, gentle gust of air; a waft
2. a. a brief, passing odor carried in the air b. a minute
trace
3. an inhalation, as of air or smoke
waft ,
blast : whiff :: gush : trickle (A >> B)
willow [wlou] n.
* willowy ,
willowy
wilt [wilt] v.
to become limp or flaccid; droop:
wilt flourish, thrive
wily
n. , ;
windy [windi] a. ; , ,
1. lacking substance; empty
2. given to or characterized by prolonged talk; verbose
windy : concise :: hackneyed : original (OPPOSITE)
windy terse, succinct
winnow [wnou] v. ;
winnow : chaff :: filter : impurities (A = B )
winnow : grain :: purify : water :: refine : oil (A = B )
whimsical [hwmzik-l] a. ;
1. determined by, arising from, or marked by whim or
caprice
2. erratic in behavior or degree of unpredictability
caprice : whimsical :: stealth : furtive :: discontent : unsatisfied ::
insight : discerning
mercurial : mood :: whimsical : behavior :: fickle : affection
whimsical : caprice :: insightful : penetration
whimsical constant, dependable
winsome [wnsm] a.
: charming, often in a childlike or naive way
* winning
adj. , ;
unprepossessing entrancing, winsome
prepossessing , serving to impress favorably;
pleasing
winsome, winning repelling, repellent, unprepossessing, repugnant
unprepossessing; failing to impress favorably; nondescript
wholesome [hulsm] a. ,
1. conducive to sound health or well-being; salutary
2. promoting mental, moral, or social health
3. enjoying or marked by physical, mental, or moral
soundness; healthy
wistful [wstfl] a. , ,
: full of wishful yearning
: pensively sad, melancholy
; look with wistful eyes at the dolls in the window
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wit
wordy [w:rdi] a. , ; ,
1. relating to or consisting of words; verbal
2. tending to use, using, or expressed in more words than are
necessary to convey meaning
[wrldli] a. , ; , , :
MUNDANE
1. of, relating to, or devoted to the temporal world
2. sophisticated; cosmopolitan
worldly singular, naive, spiritual, otherworldly
worldly
worship [wrip] n.
1. a. the reverent love and devotion accorded a deity, an idol,
or a sacred object b. the ceremonies,
prayers, or other religious forms by which this love is
expressed
2. ardent devotion; adoration
worship : sacrifice :: prediction : augury
[rg-lr] n. / ; :
COWBOY
1. one who wrangles or quarrels
2. a cowboy or cowgirl, especially one who tends saddle
horses
saddle horse
lariat : wrangler :: crook : shepherd
lariat = lasso
crook , ; (, )
wrangler
wretched [rtid] a. , ; , ;
1. in a deplorable state of distress or misfortune; miserable
2. characterized by or attended with misery or woe
3. of poor or mean character; dismal
4. contemptible; despicable
elation wretchedness
elation ,
writ
wry
[rai] a. , ; ,
1. dryly humorous, often with a touch of irony
2. temporarily twisted in an expression of distaste or
displeasure
3. abnormally twisted or bent to one side; crooked
4. being at variance with what is right, proper, or suitable;
perverse
perverse ;
wry even, straight, true, direct, undeviating
wizen [wz-n] v.
: to dry up; wither or shrivel
shrivel [rvl] ; ,
wizened thriving, blooming, unwrinkled, moist, smooth, thick
wizen thrive
wobble [wb-l / wb-l] vi. ,
1. to move or rotate with an uneven or rocking motion or
unsteadily from side to side
2. to tremble or quaver
3. to waver or vacillate in one's opinions or feelings
wobble stabilize
woo
[wu] v. ; , : COURT
1. to seek the affection of with intent to romance
2. a. to seek to achieve; try to gain b. to tempt or invite
3. to entreat, solicit, or importune
wordsmith [wrdsm] n.
1. a fluent and prolific writer, especially one who writes
professionally
2. an expert on words
[rit] n. ,
: (law) a written order issued by a court, commanding the
party to whom it is addressed to perform or cease
performing a specified act
Y
yacht
[jt / jt]
n.
yardstick [jrdstk] n. ; ( ) ,
1. a graduated measuring stick one yard in length
2. a test or standard used in measurement, comparison, or
judgment
yaw
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[j] v. ,
1. (nautical) to swerve off course momentarily or temporarily
2. to turn about the vertical axis
3. to move unsteadily
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providence ; ,
miser : munificent :: zealot : blase (A B)
munificent ,
blase [bla:zi] , ;
zealous : dedication :: mesmeric : interest ( : )
mesmerism ; ()
zeal : dedicate :: rage : anger
fanatic : admirer :: zealot : adherent (A >> B)
fanatic
zealous : enthusiastic :: idolatrous : devoted
idolatrous ;
torpor zeal
torpor , ,
zealotry lack of fervor
vapid zealous
vapid , ;
zealot indifference, indifferent person, skeptic
skeptic
yawn [jn] v.
1. to open the mouth wide with a deep inhalation, usually
involuntarily from drowsiness, fatigue, or boredom
2. to open wide; gape
yawn : fatigue :: laugh : mirth (whistle : attention )
yawn : sleepiness :: blush : embarrassment
yearn [j:rn] v. , ; ,
1. to have a strong, often melancholy desire
2. to feel deep pity, sympathy, or tenderness
yield
[jild] vi. , ; , ,
1. a. to give forth by or as if by a natural process, especially
by cultivation b. to furnish as return for effort or
investment; be productive of
2. a. to give over possession of, as in deference or defeat;
surrender b. to give up (an advantage, for example) to
another; concede
beneficent : harm :: tenacious : yield (OPPOSITE)
tenacious ,
tenacious : yield :: insouciant : worry (OPPOSITE)
insouciant , marked by blithe unconcern;
nonchalant
evanescent : disappear :: pliant : yield (A = B )
default : pay :: yield : resist (OPPOSITE)
default ( ) , ,
obsequious : fawn :: compliant : yield
adamant : yield :: cautious : gamble (OPPOSITE)
meek unyielding
meek , ; ,
dogged yielded
dogged , , stubbornly persevering; tenacious
outmaneuver yield
outmaneuver
zig
[zig] ,
1. to turn or change direction suddenly. Usually used in
contrast to zag
2. to behave erratically or indecisively. Usually used with zag
zig lineation
zigzag [zgzg] n.
zigzag : turns :: montage : images
montage
zigzag lineate
zone [zoun] vi.
zoning : lands :: allocation : funds
zone amalgamate
zaniness [zininis] n. /
zany : 1. Ludicrously comical; clownish.
2. Comical because of incongruity or strangeness; bizarre.
zaniness gravity
zeal
[zil] n.
: enthusiastic devotion to a cause, an ideal, or a goal and
tireless diligence in its furtherance
* zealot n. ,
devoted : zealous :: careful : fastidious (A << B)
fastidious ;
zealot : passionate :: scrutinizer : observing
fervor : zealot :: improvidence : spendthrift
fervor , great warmth and intensity of emotion
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