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POWER SYSTEMS
YEAR 2012
MCQ 5.1
MCQ 5.2
(D) 0
A two-phase load draws the following phase currents : i1 (t) = Im sin (t 1),
i2 (t) = Im cos (t 2). These currents are balanced if 1 is equal to.
(A) 2
(B) 2
(C) (/2 2)
MCQ 5.3
ONE MARK
(D) (/2 + 2)
The sequence components of the fault current are as follows : I positive = j 1.5 pu,
I negative = j 0.5 pu, I zero = j1 pu . The type of fault in the system is
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PAGE 228
POWER SYSTEMS
CHAP 5
(A) LG
(B) LL
(C) LLG
(D) LLLG
YEAR 2012
MCQ 5.5
MCQ 5.6
TWO MARKS
For the system below, SD1 and SD2 are complex power demands at bus 1
and bus 2 respectively. If V2 = 1 pu , the VAR rating of the capacitor (QG2)
connected at bus 2 is
(A) 0.2 pu
(B) 0.268 pu
(C) 0.312 pu
(D) 0.4 pu
(D) 79.6
YEAR 2011
MCQ 5.7
ONE MARK
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CHAP 5
MCQ 5.8
POWER SYSTEMS
MCQ 5.9
PAGE 229
For enhancing the power transmission in along EHV transmission line, the
most preferred method is to connect a
(A) Series inductive compensator in the line
(B) Shunt inductive compensator at the receiving end
(C) Series capacitive compensator in the line
(D) Shunt capacitive compensator at the sending end
YEAR 2011
MCQ 5.10
A load center of 120 MW derives power from two power stations connected
by 220 kV transmission lines of 25 km and 75 km as shown in the figure
below. The three generators G1, G2 and G 3 are of 100 MW capacity each
and have identical fuel cost characteristics. The minimum loss generation
schedule for supplying the 120 MW load is
P1 = 80 MW + losses
(A) P2 = 20 MW
P3 = 20 MW
MCQ 5.11
TWO MARKS
P1 = 60 MW
(B) P2 = 30 MW + losses
P3 = 30 MW
P1 = 40 MW
P1 = 30 MW + losses
(C) P2 = 40 MW
(D) P2 = 45 MW
P3 = 40 MW + losses
P3 = 45 MW
The direct axis and quadrature axis reactances of a salient pole alternator
are 1.2 p.u and 1.0 p.u respectively. The armature resistance is negligible. If
this alternator is delivering rated kVA at upf and at rated voltage then its
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PAGE 230
MCQ 5.12
POWER SYSTEMS
CHAP 5
power angle is
(A) 30c
(B) 45c
(C) 60c
(D) 90c
A three bus network is shown in the figure below indicating the p.u.
impedance of each element.
10
5
0
W
W
S
S
(C) j S0.2 0.12 0.08W
(D) j S 5 7.5 12.5W
SS 0 0.08 0.10 WW
SS 0 12.5 10WW
X
X
T
T
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CHAP 5
MCQ 5.14
POWER SYSTEMS
PAGE 231
YEAR 2010
MCQ 5.15
ONE MARK
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PAGE 232
MCQ 5.16
MCQ 5.17
POWER SYSTEMS
CHAP 5
(A) 1 pu
(B) 1 pu
(C) 2 pu
(D) 3 pu
YEAR 2010
MCQ 5.18
MCQ 5.19
TWO MARKS
(D) 104.8 kA
(A) 0.1875 A
(B) 0.2 A
(C) 0.375 A
(D) 60 kA
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CHAP 5
POWER SYSTEMS
PAGE 233
MCQ 5.20
The zero-sequence circuit of the three phase transformer shown in the figure
is
MCQ 5.21
(A) The magnitude of terminal voltage decreases, and the field current does
not change.
(B) The magnitude of terminal voltage increases, and the field current does
not change.
(C) The magnitude of terminal voltage increases, and the field current
increases
(D) The magnitude of terminal voltage does not change and the field current
decreases.
MCQ 5.22
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MCQ 5.23
MCQ 5.24
POWER SYSTEMS
CHAP 5
(A) 2.0 A
(B) 2.4 A
(C) 2.7 A
(D) 3.5 A
For the power system shown in the figure below, the specifications of the
components are the following :
G1 : 25 kV, 100 MVA, X = 9%
G2 : 25 kV, 100 MVA, X = 9%
T1 : 25 kV/220 kV, 90 MVA, X = 12%
T2 : 220 kV/25 kV, 90 MVA, X = 12%
Line 1: 200 kV, X = 150 ohms
Choose 25 kV as the base voltage at the generator G1 , and 200 MVA as the
MVA base. The impedance diagram is
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CHAP 5
POWER SYSTEMS
PAGE 235
YEAR 2009
MCQ 5.25
ONE MARK
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PAGE 236
MCQ 5.26
POWER SYSTEMS
CHAP 5
MCQ 5.27
For the Y-bus matrix of a 4-bus system given in per unit, the buses having
shunt elements are
R 5 2 2.5 0 V
S
W
S 2 10 2.5 4 W
YBUS = j S
2.5 2.5 9 4 W
S
W
S 0
4
4 8W
T
X
(A) 3 and 4
(B) 2 and 3
(C) 1 and 2
MCQ 5.28
TWO MARKS
(D) 1, 2 and 4
Match the items in List-I (To) with the items in the List-II (Use) and select
the correct answer using the codes given below the lists.
List-I
a.
1.
shunt reactor
b.
2.
shunt capacitor
c.
3.
series capacitor
4.
series reactor
d.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
MCQ 5.29
List-II
Match the items in List-I (Type of transmission line) with the items in ListII (Type of distance relay preferred) and select the correct answer using the
codes given below the lists.
List-I
MCQ 5.30
List-II
a.
Short Line
1.
Ohm Relay
b.
Medium Line
2.
Reactance Relay
c.
Long Line
3.
Mho Relay
Three generators are feeding a load of 100 MW. The details of the generators
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CHAP 5
POWER SYSTEMS
PAGE 237
are
Rating
(MW)
Efficiency
(%)
Regulation (Pu.)
( on 100 MVA base)
Generator-1
100
20
0.02
Generator-2
100
30
0.04
Generator-3
100
40
0.03
In the event of increased load power demand, which of the following will
happen ?
(A) All the generator will share equal power
(B) Generator-3 will share more power compared to Generator-1
(C) Generator-1 will share more power compared to Generator-2
(D) Generator-2 will share more power compared to Generator-3
MCQ 5.31
(D) 5.42 s
YEAR 2008
MCQ 5.32
ONE MARK
A two machine power system is shown below. The Transmission line XY has
positive sequence impedance of Z1 and zero sequence impedance of Z0
An a phase to ground fault with zero fault impedance occurs at the centre
of the transmission line. Bus voltage at X and line current from X to F for
the phase a, are given by Va Volts and Ia amperes, respectively. Then, the
impedance measured by the ground distance relay located at the terminal X
of line XY will be given by
(B) ^Z0 /2h
(A) ^Z1 /2h
(C) (Z0 + Z1) /2
MCQ 5.33
(D) 6.06 %
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PAGE 238
MCQ 5.34
POWER SYSTEMS
CHAP 5
Voltage drop across the transmission line is given by the following equation :
VR V
V R
R
S3 Va W S Zs Zm Zm WSIa W
S 3 Vb W = SZm Zs Zm WSIb W
SS 3 V WW SSZ Z Z WWSSI WW
c
s
m
m
c
XT X
X T
T
Shunt capacitance of the line can be neglect. If the has positive sequence
impedance of 15 and zero sequence impedance of 48 , then the values
of Zs and Zm will be
(A) Zs = 31.5 ; Zm = 16.5
(B) Zs = 26 ; Zm = 11
(C) Zs = 16.5 ; Zm = 31.5
(D) Zs = 11 ; Zm = 26
YEAR 2008
MCQ 5.35
TWO MARKS
MCQ 5.36
A loss less transmission line having Surge Impedance Loading (SIL) of 2280
MW is provided with a uniformly distributed series capacitive compensation
of 30%. Then, SIL of the compensated transmission line will be
(A) 1835 MW
(B) 2280 MW
(C) 2725 MW
(D) 3257 MW
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CHAP 5
MCQ 5.37
POWER SYSTEMS
A loss less power system has to serve a load of 250 MW. There are tow
generation (G 1 and G 2 ) in the system with cost curves C1 and C2 respectively
defined as follows ;
2
C1 (PG1) = PG1 + 0.055 # PG1
2
C2 (PG2) = 3PG2 + 0.03 # PG2
Where PG1 and PG2 are the MW injections from generator G 1 and G 2
respectively. Thus, the minimum cost dispatch will be
(A) PG1 = 250 MW; PG2 = 0 MW
(B) PG1 = 150 MW; PG2 = 100 MW
(C) PG1 = 100 MW; PG2 = 150 MW
MCQ 5.38
PAGE 239
A loss less single machine infinite bus power system is shown below :
The synchronous generator transfers 1.0 per unit of power to the infinite
bus. The critical clearing time of circuit breaker is 0.28 s. If another identical
synchronous generator is connected in parallel to the existing generator and
each generator is scheduled to supply 0.5 per unit of power, then the critical
clearing time of the circuit breaker will
(A) reduce to 0.14 s
(B) reduce but will be more than 0.14 s
(C) remain constant at 0.28 s
(D) increase beyond 0.28 s
MCQ 5.39
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PAGE 240
POWER SYSTEMS
CHAP 5
(D) e4
Data for Q.40 and Q.41 are given below. Solve the problems and
choose the correct answers.
MCQ 5.41
(B) 9.667 ms
(C) 14.667 ms
(D) 19.667 ms
MCQ 5.42
(D) 10.15 kA
Instead of the three phase fault, if a single line to ground fault occurs on
phase a at point F with zero fault impedance, then the rms of the ac
component of fault current (Ix) for phase a will be
(A) 4.97 p.u
(B) 7.0 p.u
(C) 14.93 p.u
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CHAP 5
POWER SYSTEMS
PAGE 241
YEAR 2007
MCQ 5.43
MCQ 5.44
ONE MARK
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PAGE 242
MCQ 5.45
POWER SYSTEMS
CHAP 5
Two regional systems, each having several synchronous generators and loads
are inter connected by an ac line and a HVDC link as shown in the figure.
Which of the following statements is true in the steady state :
(A) Point X
(B) Point Y
(C) Point Z
(D) Point W
YEAR 2007
MCQ 5.47
TWO MARKS
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CHAP 5
POWER SYSTEMS
PAGE 243
losses and harmonics. What action should be taken to increase the capacitor
dc voltage slowly to a new steady state value.
The total reactance and total suspectance of a lossless overhead EHV line,
operating at 50 Hz, are given by 0.045 pu and 1.2 pu respectively. If the
velocity of wave propagation is 3 # 105 km/s, then the approximate length
of the line is
(A) 122 km
(B) 172 km
(C) 222 km
MCQ 5.49
MCQ 5.50
(D) 272 km
Consider the protection system shown in the figure below. The circuit
breakers numbered from 1 to 7 are of identical type. A single line to ground
fault with zero fault impedance occurs at the midpoint of the line (at point
F), but circuit breaker 4 fails to operate (Stuck breaker). If the relays are
coordinated correctly, a valid sequence of circuit breaker operation is
(A) 1, 2, 6, 7, 3, 5
(B) 1, 2, 5, 5, 7, 3
(C) 5, 6, 7, 3, 1, 2
(D) 5, 1, 2, 3, 6, 7
A three phase balanced star connected voltage source with frequency rad/s
is connected to a star connected balanced load which is purely inductive.
The instantaneous line currents and phase to neutral voltages are denoted
by (ia, ib, ic) and (Van, Vbn, Vcn) respectively, and their rms values are denoted
by V and I .
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PAGE 244
MCQ 5.51
MCQ 5.52
POWER SYSTEMS
CHAP 5
R
1
1
S 0
3
3
S
1
1
S
If R = 8Van Vbn Vcn B
0
S
3
3
S 1
1
0
SS 3 3
T
of R is
(A) 3VI
V
WR V
W Sia W
W Sib W , then the magnitude of
WS W
W Sic W
WW T X
X
(B) VI
(C) 0.7VI
(D) 0
(A) 0.87
(B) 0.74
(C) 0.67
(D) 0.54
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CHAP 5
MCQ 5.53
POWER SYSTEMS
PAGE 245
V
V
R
R
1.0 0.5 0.5 W
S 1.0 0.75 0.5 W
2S
(C) Z = 3k2 S 0.5 1.0 0.75 W
(D) Z = k S 0.5 1.0 0.5 W
3S
SS0.75 0.5 1.0 WW
S 0.5 0.5 1.0 WW
X
X
T
Consider theT two power systems
shown in figure A below,
which are initially
not interconnected, and are operating in steady state at the same frequency.
Separate load flow solutions are computed individually of the two systems,
corresponding to this scenario. The bus voltage phasors so obtain are
indicated on figure A.
These two isolated systems are now interconnected by a short transmission
line as shown in figure B, and it is found that P1 = P2 = Q1 = Q2 = 0 .
The bus voltage phase angular difference between generator bus X and
generator bus Y after interconnection is
(B) 25c
(A) 10c
(C) 30c
MCQ 5.54
(D) 30c
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PAGE 246
POWER SYSTEMS
CHAP 5
a pure inductor and a pure capacitor in the other two phases. The value of
inductor and capacitor is
(A) 72.95 mH in phase C and 139.02 F in Phase B
(B) 72.95 mH in Phase B and 139.02 F in Phase C
(C) 42.12 mH in Phase C and 240.79 F in Phase B
(D) 42.12 mH in Phase B and 240.79 F in Phase C
MCQ 5.55
(D) 50.583 Hz
YEAR 2006
MCQ 5.56
ONE MARK
The concept of an electrically short, medium and long line is primarily based
on the
(A) nominal voltage of the line
(B) physical length of the line
(C) wavelength of the line
(D) power transmitted over the line
MCQ 5.57
Keeping in view the cost and overall effectiveness, the following circuit
breaker is best suited for capacitor bank switching
(A) vacuum
(B) air blast
(C) SF6
MCQ 5.58
(D) oil
MCQ 5.59
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CHAP 5
POWER SYSTEMS
PAGE 247
YEAR 2006
MCQ 5.60
TWO MARKS
MCQ 5.61
(D) 21
A single phase transmission line and a telephone line are both symmetrically
strung one below the other, in horizontal configurations, on a common
tower, The shortest and longest distances between the phase and telephone
conductors are 2.5 m and 3 m respectively.
The voltage (volt/km) induced in the telephone circuit, due to 50 Hz current
of 100 amps in the power circuit is
(A) 4.81
(B) 3.56
(C) 2.29
MCQ 5.62
(D) 1.27
MCQ 5.63
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PAGE 248
MCQ 5.64
POWER SYSTEMS
CHAP 5
(A) 36
(B) 1.44
(C) 0.72
(D) 0.18
Data for Q. 65 and Q. 66 are given below. Solve the problems and
choose the correct answers.
A generator feeds power to an infinite bus through a double circuit
transmission line. A 3-phase fault occurs at the middle point of one of the
lines. The infinite bus voltage is 1 pu, the transient internal voltage of the
generator is 1.1 pu and the equivalent transfer admittance during fault is 0.8
pu. The 100 MVA generator has an inertia constant of 5 MJ/MVA and it
was delivering 1.0 pu power prior of the fault with rotor power angle of 30c
. The system frequency is 50 Hz.
MCQ 5.65
MCQ 5.66
(D) 0.4
(D) X/31.4, 18
Data for Q.67 and Q.68 are given below. Solve the problems and
choose the correct answers.
For a power system the
studies are as follows.
R
S j8.75
Ybus = S j1.25
SS j2.50
T
Z bus
V
R
S j0.16 j0.08 j0.12 W
= S j0.08 j0.24 j0.16 W
SS j0.12 j0.16 j0.34 WW
X
T
The pre-fault voltages are 1.0 pu. at all the buses. The system was unloaded
prior to the fault. A solid 3-phase fault takes place at bus 2.
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CHAP 5
MCQ 5.67
POWER SYSTEMS
The post fault voltages at buses 1 and 3 in per unit respectively are
(A) 0.24, 0.63
(B) 0.31, 0.76
(C) 0.33, 0.67
MCQ 5.68
The per unit fault feeds from generators connected to buses 1 and 2
respectively are
(A) 1.20, 2.51
(B) 1.55, 2.61
(C) 1.66, 2.50
MCQ 5.69
PAGE 249
(D) 12.47
YEAR 2005
MCQ 5.70
The p.u. parameter for a 500 MVA machine on its own base are:
inertia, M = 20 p.u. ; reactance, X = 2 p.u.
The p.u. values of inertia and reactance on 100 MVA common base,
respectively, are
(A) 4, 0.4
(B) 100, 10
(C) 4, 10
MCQ 5.71
(D) P/4
MCQ 5.73
MCQ 5.72
ONE MARK
(D) corona
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PAGE 250
POWER SYSTEMS
CHAP 5
YEAR 2005
MCQ 5.74
MCQ 5.75
MCQ 5.77
MCQ 5.76
TWO MARKS
The network shown in the given figure has impedances in p.u. as indicated.
The diagonal element Y22 of the bus admittance matrix YBUS of the network
is
(A) j19.8
(B) + j20.0
(C) + j0.2
(D) j19.95
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CHAP 5
MCQ 5.78
MCQ 5.79
POWER SYSTEMS
PAGE 251
Two networks are connected in cascade as shown in the figure. With usual
notations the equivalent A, B, C and D constants are obtained. Given that,
C = 0.025+45c, the value of Z2 is
(A) 10+30c
(C) 1
(D) 0
Data for Q.80 and Q.81 are given below. Solve the problems and
choose the correct answers
At a 220 kV substation of a power system, it is given that the three-phase
fault level is 4000 MVA and single-line to ground fault level is 5000 MVA
Neglecting the resistance and the shunt suspectances of the system.
MCQ 5.80
MCQ 5.81
(D) 12.1
(D) 22.72
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PAGE 252
POWER SYSTEMS
CHAP 5
YEAR 2004
MCQ 5.82
ONE MARK
MCQ 5.83
MCQ 5.84
MCQ 5.85
(A) RYB
(B) RBY
(C) BRY
(D) YBR
In the thermal power plants, the pressure in the working fluid cycle is
developed by
(A) condenser
(B) super heater
(C) feed water pump
MCQ 5.86
(D) turbine
For harnessing low variable waterheads, the suitable hydraulic turbine with
high percentage of reaction and runner adjustable vanes is
(A) Kaplan
(B) Francis
(C) Pelton
MCQ 5.87
(D) Impeller
The transmission line distance protection relay having the property of being
inherently directional is
(A) impedance relay
(B) MHO relay
(C) OHM relay
YEAR 2004
MCQ 5.88
TWO MARKS
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CHAP 5
POWER SYSTEMS
PAGE 253
1.1 mH/km and per phase line capacitance of 11.68 nF/km. Ignoring the
length of the line, its ideal power transfer capability in MW is
(A) 1204 MW
(B) 1504 MW
(C) 2085 MW
MCQ 5.89
A 110 kV, single core coaxial, XLPE insulated power cable delivering power
at 50 Hz, has a capacitance of 125 nF/km. If the dielectric loss tangent of
XLPE is 2 # 10 - 4 , then dielectric power loss in this cable in W/km is
(A) 5.0
(B) 31.7
(C) 37.8
MCQ 5.90
(D) 246.30 kV
A
new
generator
having
pu.
[equivalent
to
Eg = 1.4+30c
(1.212 + j0.70) pu] and synchronous reactance 'XS ' of 1.0 pu on the system
base, is to be connected to a bus having voltage Vt , in the existing power
system. This existing power system can be represented by Thevenins voltage
Eth = 0.9+0c pu in series with Thevenins impedance Zth = 0.25+90c pu. The
magnitude of the bus voltage Vt of the system in pu will be
(A) 0.990
(B) 0.973
(C) 0.963
MCQ 5.93
(D) 2900 kV
MCQ 5.92
(D) 189.0
MCQ 5.91
(D) 2606 MW
(D) 0.900
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PAGE 254
POWER SYSTEMS
CHAP 5
MCQ 5.95
(B) 5.78+90c
(C) 6.33+90c
MCQ 5.96
(D) 8.553
MCQ 5.97
(D) 38.45 kA
(D) 0.509
(D) 24
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CHAP 5
POWER SYSTEMS
PAGE 255
YEAR 2003
ONE MARK
MCQ 5.98
MCQ 5.99
MCQ 5.101
(A) P and Q
(B) P and R
(C) Q and S
(D) S and T
MCQ 5.102
(D) 122.58c
The interrupting time of a circuit breaker is the period between the instant
of
(A) initiation of short circuit and the arc extinction on an opening operation
(B) energizing of the trip circuit and the arc extinction on an opening
operation
(C) initiation of short circuit and the parting of primary arc contacts
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PAGE 256
POWER SYSTEMS
CHAP 5
(D) energizing of the trip circuit and the parting of primary arc contacts
YEAR 2003
MCQ 5.103
MCQ 5.104
MCQ 5.106
(D) 1052.6
MCQ 5.105
TWO MARKS
(D) 33.93 kV
(A) 225.89 V
(B) 222.89 V
(C) 220.0 V
(D) 228.58 V
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CHAP 5
POWER SYSTEMS
MCQ 5.107
PAGE 257
MCQ 5.108
MCQ 5.109
(D) 642.2 V
Incremental fuel costs (in some appropriate unit) for a power plant consisting
of three generating units are
IC1 = 20 + 0.3P1, IC2 = 30 + 0.4P2, IC3 = 30
Where P1 is the power in MW generated by unit i for i = 1, 2 and 3. Assume
that all the three units are operating all the time. Minimum and maximum
loads on each unit are 50 MW and 300 MW respectively. If the plant is
operating on economic load dispatch to supply the total power demand of
700 MW, the power generated by each unit is
(A) P1 = 242.86 MW; P2 = 157.14 MW; and P3 = 300 MW
(B) P1 = 157.14 MW; P2 = 242.86 MW; and P3 = 300 MW
(C) P1 = 300 MW; P2 = 300 MW; and P3 = 100 MW
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PAGE 258
POWER SYSTEMS
MCQ 5.110
CHAP 5
A list of relays and the power system components protected by the relays
are given in List-I and List-II respectively. Choose the correct match from
the four choices given below:
List-I
List-II
P.
Distance relay
1.
Transformers
Q.
2.
Turbines
R.
Differential relay
3.
Busbars
S.
Buchholz relay
4.
Shunt capacitors
5.
Alternators
6.
Transmission lines
Codes:
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
MCQ 5.111
P
6
4
5
6
Q
5
3
2
4
R
3
2
1
5
S
1
1
6
3
MCQ 5.112
(D) 72.4
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CHAP 5
POWER SYSTEMS
MCQ 5.113
PAGE 259
(D) 38.4
YEAR 2002
MCQ 5.114
ONE MARK
MCQ 5.115
G2
and
G3
is
increased
in
ratio
(B)
(D)
YEAR 2002
MCQ 5.116
the
TWO MARKS
A three phase thyristor bridge rectifier is used in a HVDC link. The firing
angle (as measured from the point of natural commutation) is constrained
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PAGE 260
POWER SYSTEMS
CHAP 5
to lie between 5c and 30c. If the dc side current and ac side voltage magnitudes
are constant, which of the following statements is true (neglect harmonics in
the ac side currents and commutation overlap in your analysis)
(A) Reactive power absorbed by the rectifier is maximum when = 5c
(B) Reactive power absorbed by the rectifier is maximum when = 30c
(C) Reactive power absorbed by the rectifier is maximum when = 15c
(D) Reactive power absorbed by the rectifier is maximum when = 15c
MCQ 5.117
MCQ 5.118
A transmission line has a total series reactance of 0.2 pu. Reactive power
compensation is applied at the midpoint of the line and it is controlled such
that the midpoint voltage of the transmission line is always maintained at
0.98 pu. If voltage at both ends of the line are maintained at 1.0 pu, then
the steady state power transfer limit of the transmission line is
(A) 9.8 pu
(B) 4.9 pu
(C) 19.6 pu
MCQ 5.119
MCQ 5.120
(D) 5 pu
*A long lossless transmission line has a unity power factor(UPF) load at the
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CHAP 5
POWER SYSTEMS
PAGE 261
receiving end and an ac voltage source at the sending end. The parameters
of the transmission line are as follows :
Characteristic impedance Zc = 400 , propagation constant = 1.2 # 10 3
rad/km, and the length l = 100 km. The equation relating sending and
receiving end questions is
Vs = Vr cos (l) + jZc sin (l) IR
Compute the maximum power that can be transferred to the UPF load at
the receiving end if Vs = 230 kV
MCQ 5.121
*Two transposed 3-phase lines run parallel to each other. The equation
describing the voltage drop in both lines is given below.
R
R
V
VR V
S0.15 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.04WSIa1W
SVa1W
S0.05 0.15 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.04WSIb1W
SVb1W
S
SV W
WS W
S c1W = j S0.05 0.05 0.15 0.04 0.04 0.04WSIc1W
S0.04 0.04 0.04 0.15 0.05 0.05WSIa2W
SVa2W
S0.04 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.15 0.05WSIb2W
SVb2W
S
S
W
WS W
S0.04 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.15WSIc2W
SVc2W
T
T
X
XT X
Compute the self and mutual zero sequence impedance of this system i.e.
compute Z 011, Z 012, Z 021, Z 022 in the following equations.
V01 = Z 011 I 01 + Z 012 I 02
V02 = Z 021 I 01 + Z 022 I 02
Where V01, V02, I 01, I 02 are the zero sequence voltage drops and currents
for the two lines respectively.
MCQ 5.122
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POWER SYSTEMS
CHAP 5
# (2H/B) d + Pe d = 0
YEAR 2001
MCQ 5.123
ONE MARK
YEAR 2001
MCQ 5.124
MCQ 5.125
MCQ 5.127
(D) 8.7
MCQ 5.126
TWO MARKS
(D) 0.44
(A) 0.82
(B) 0.47
(C) 0.39
(D) 0.92
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POWER SYSTEMS
(C) 2400 W
MCQ 5.128
MCQ 5.130
(D) 1200 W
MCQ 5.129
PAGE 263
(D) 2.2
(A) P1
(B) P2
(C) P3
(D) P4
MCQ 5.131
(D) 49.0 Hz
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POWER SYSTEMS
MCQ 5.132
MCQ 5.133
MCQ 5.134
CHAP 5
*For the Y-bus matrix given in per unit values, where the first, second,
third, and fourth row refers to bus 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively, draw the
reactance diagram.
R
V
S 6 2 2.5 0 W
S 2 10 2.5 4 W
YBus = j S
W
S2.5 2.5 9 4 W
4
4 8W
S0
T
X
*A synchronous generator is connected
to an infinite bus through a lossless
double circuit transmission line. The generator is delivering 1.0 per unit
power at a load angle of 30c when a sudden fault reduces the peak power
that can be transmitted to 0.5 per unit. After clearance of fault, the peak
power that can be transmitted becomes 1.5 per unit. Find the critical
clearing angle.
*A single line-to-ground fault occurs on an unloaded generator in phase a
positive, negative, and zero sequence impedances of the generator are j0.25
pu, j0.25 pu, and j0.15 pu respectively. The generator neutral is grounded
through a reactance of j0.05 pu. The prefault generator terminal voltage is
1.0 pu.
(a) Draw the positive, negative, and zero sequence network for the fault
given.
(b) Draw the interconnection of the sequence network for the fault analysis.
(c) Determine the fault current
MCQ 5.135
A power system has two generators with the following cost curves
Generator1: C1 (PG1) = 0.006P2G1 + 8PG1 + 350 (Thousand Rupees/Hour)
Generator2: C2 (PG2) = 0.009P2G2 + 7PG2 + 400 (Thousand Rupees/ Hour)
The generator limits are
100 MW # PG1 # 650 MW
50 MW # PG2 # 500 MW
A load demand of 600 MW is supplied by the generators in an optimal
manner. Neglecting losses in the transmission network, determine the
optimal generation of each generator.
***********
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CHAP 5
POWER SYSTEMS
PAGE 265
SOLUTION
SOL 5.1
SOL 5.2
or,
SOL 5.3
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PAGE 266
POWER SYSTEMS
PL = 0.5PG2
2PL = 0.5 (2P ) = P
G
G
2PG
1
So,
L1 =
1 PG
Penalty factor of plant G2 is
1
L2 =
=1
2
1 PL
2PG
For economic power generation
CHAP 5
2PL
ca 2PG = 0 m
2
C1 # L1 = C 2 # L 2
where C1 and C2 are the incremental fuel cost of plant G1 and G2 .
So,
(10000) b 1 l = 12500 # 1
1 PG
4 = 1P
G
5
PG = 1 pu
5
It is an 100 MVA, so
PG = 1 # 100 = 20 MW
5
2
Loss
PL = 0.5 b 1 l = 1 pu
5
50
or
PL = 1 # 100 = 2 MW
50
2
PL = PG + PG PL
40 = 20 + P2 2
PG = 22 MW
Total power,
SOL 5.4
SOL 5.5
= 1 # 1 sin (1 2)
0.5
(Line is lossless)
V1 = V2 = 1 pu
X = 0.5 pu
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CHAP 5
POWER SYSTEMS
PAGE 267
0.5 = sin (1 2)
1 2 = 30c
2 = 1 30c = 30c
(1 = 0c)
So,
V1 = 1 0c V
V2 = 1 30c V
1 0c 1 30c
Current,
I12 = V1 V2 =
= (1 j 0.288) pu
j 0.5
Z
)
Current in SD is I2 ,
SD = V2 I2
1 = 1 30c I2)
I2 = 1 30c pu
Current in QG ,
IG = I2 I12 = 1 30c (1 j 0.288)
= 0.268 120c
VAR rating of capacitor,
2
QC = V2 VG = 1 # 0.268 = 0.268 pu
SOL 5.6
Total reactance,
X = j1 + j 0.5 = j1.5 pu
Critical angle is given as,
cr = cos1 [( 20) sin 0 cos 0]
0 " steady state torque angle.
Steady state power is given as
...(i)
Pm = Pmax sin 0
where,
So,
E V
X
E V
sin 0
Pm =
X
(1.5) (1)
0.5 =
sin 0
1.5
Pmax =
Pm = 0.5 pu
sin 0 = 0.5
0 = 30c
0 = 30c # = 0.523
180c
Substituting 0 into equation (i)
In radian,
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POWER SYSTEMS
CHAP 5
Option ( ) is correct
SOL 5.8
SOL 5.9
SOL 5.10
SOL 5.11
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CHAP 5
POWER SYSTEMS
PAGE 269
=1
= 45c
SOL 5.12
here
y10 = 10j, y12 = 5j, y23 = 12.5j, y 30 = 10j
Note: y23 is taken positive because it is capacitive.
Y11 = y10 + y12 = 10j 5j = 15j
Y12 = Y21 = y21 = 5j
Y13 = Y31 = y13 = 0
Y22 = y20 + y21 + y23 = 0 + ( 5j) + (12.5j) = 7.5j
Y23 = Y32 = y23 = 12.5j
Y33 = y 30 + y13 + y23 = 10j + 0 + 12.5j = 2.5j
So the admittance matrix is
RY Y Y V R 15j
5j
0 VW
S 11 12 13W S
Y = SY21 Y22 Y33W = S 5j
7.5j 12.5j W
SSY Y Y WW SS 0 12.5j 2.5j WW
33
32
31
X T
X
T
SOL 5.13
For generator G2
XL = XL = 0.225 # 10 = 2.25
For transmission lines L1 and L2
2
2
Z base = kV base = 15 # 15 = 2.25
100
MVA base
X mL (pu) = 2.25 = 1 pu
2.25
2
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POWER SYSTEMS
CHAP 5
X mL (pu) = 2.25 = 1 pu
2.25
So the equivalent pu reactance diagram
1
SOL 5.14
SOL 5.16
I >0
VAB > 0 since it is Rectifier O/P
VCD > 0 since it is Inverter I/P
VAB > VCD , Than current will flow in given direction.
By Applying KVL
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CHAP 5
POWER SYSTEMS
PAGE 271
V + VL = 0
VL = V
VL = 1 pu
SOL 5.17
SOL 5.19
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PAGE 272
POWER SYSTEMS
CHAP 5
SOL 5.22
11 (6C)
e1 = 3
= 11 # 6 = 3.46 kV
11
6C + 5C
3
e2 = 11 # 5 = 2.89 kV
11
3
SOL 5.23
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CHAP 5
POWER SYSTEMS
PAGE 273
SOL 5.25
Option ( ) is correct.
SOL 5.26
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SOL 5.27
POWER SYSTEMS
CHAP 5
From figure. it is cleared that branch (1) & (2) behaves like shunt element.
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CHAP 5
SOL 5.28
POWER SYSTEMS
PAGE 275
SOL 5.29
SOL 5.30
SOL 5.31
= 1357.07 MJ
Stored K.E
Inertia constant (H) =
Rating of Generator (MVA)
H = 1357.07
555.56
= 2.44 sec
SOL 5.32
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POWER SYSTEMS
CHAP 5
l % = 300
So
100 = 0.06063 # 100
4947.39 #
l % = 6.063
SOL 5.34
...(1)
...(2)
Option ( ) is correct.
SOL 5.36
SOL 5.37
...(1)
...(2)
...(3a)
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CHAP 5
POWER SYSTEMS
PAGE 277
dC2 = 3 + 0.06P
G2
dPG2
Since the system is loss-less
dC1 = dC2
Therefore
dPG1
dPG2
So from equations (3a) and (3b)
We have 0.11PG1 0.06PG2 = 2
Now solving equation (1) and (4), we get
PG1 = 100 MW
PG2 = 150 MW
and
...(3b)
...(4)
SOL 5.38
SOL 5.39
SOL 5.40
0 = Ae (R/L) t +
0
2 Vm cos (t )
0
Z
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POWER SYSTEMS
CHAP 5
Ae (R/L) t = 2 Vm cos (t 0 )
Z
Maximum value of the dc offset current
0
Ae (R/L) t = 2 Vm cos (t 0 )
Z
For this to be negative max.
0
or
(t 0 ) = 0
t0 =
...(1)
Z = 0.004 + j0.04
Z = Z + = 0.0401995+84.29c
= 84.29cor 1.471 rad.
and
SOL 5.41
Z = 0.0201+84.29c
2
Z1 (Positive sequence) = Z = 0.0201+84.29c
2
also Z1 = Z2 = Z 0 (for 3- fault)
`
1+0c
I f (pu) = 1+0c =
Z1
0.0201+84.29c
So magnitude
If
(p.u.)
` Fault current
SOL 5.42
= 49.8
I f = 49.8 #
100
= 7.18 kA
3 # 400
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CHAP 5
POWER SYSTEMS
PAGE 279
Z1 = Z = 0.0201+84.29c
2
and
Then
Z2 = Z1 = 0.0201+84.29c
Z 0 = 3Z1 = 0.0603+84.29c
Ia /3 = Ia1 = Ia2 = Ia0
1.0+0c
Z1 + Z 2 + Z 0
1.0
=
= 9.95 pu
(0.0201 + 0.0201 + 0.0603)
Ia1 (pu) =
and
Ia1
SOL 5.44
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PAGE 280
POWER SYSTEMS
CHAP 5
PA + PB = 700 MW
For optimum generator PA = ? , PB = ?
From curve, maximum incremental cost for generator A
= 600 at 450 MW
and maximum incremental cost for generator B
= 800 at 400 MW
minimum incremental cost for generator B
= 650 at 150 MW
Maximim incremental cost of generation A is less than the minimum
incremental constant of generator B. So generator A operate at its maximum
load = 450 MW for optimum generation.
PA = 450 MW
PB = (700 450)
= 250 MW
SOL 5.45
SOL 5.46
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CHAP 5
POWER SYSTEMS
PAGE 281
SOL 5.48
= 0.045 pu & L =
SOL 5.50
R
V
1 1 W
S 0
3
3 W RSiaVW
S
1 W Si W
R = [Van Vbn Vcn] SS 1
0
b
3
3 W SS WW
i
S 1
W
c
1
0 WT X
S
S 3
W
3
T
X
By solving we get
R = ;Van (ib ic) + Vbn (ic ia) + Vc (ia ib)E
3
3
3
(i i )
R = 3 (VI) , where b c = I and Van = V
3
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PAGE 282
SOL 5.51
POWER SYSTEMS
CHAP 5
Here
Since
`
To find maximum value of X for which system does not loose synchronism
P2 = Pm (shown in above figure)
EV sin = P
`
m
2
X2
as Pm = 1 pu, E = 1.0 pu,V = 1.0 pu
1.0 # 1.0 sin 130c = 1
X2
&
&
&
SOL 5.52
X2 = 0.77
(0.1 + X) = 0.77
X = 0.67
Rf V
Rf V
S aW
S pW
where, Phase component FP = SfbW, sequence component FS = SfnW
SSf WW
SSf WW
c
o
R 1 1 1TV X
T X
S
W
and
A = S2 1W
SS 2 1WW
T
X
VP = KAVS
`
3
IP = KAIS
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...(2)
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CHAP 5
POWER SYSTEMS
PAGE 283
VS = Zl [IS ]
R0.5 0 0 V
S
W
where
Zl = S 0 0.5 0 W
SS 0 0 2.0WW
T
X
We have to find out Z if VP = ZIP
From equation (2) and (3)
VP = KAZl [IS ]
1
VP = KAZlb A l I p
K
...(3)
VP = AZlA 1 I p
R 1 1 1V
W
S
A = S2 1W
SS 2 1WW
TAdj A X
A 1 =
A
R
2V
S1 W
Adj A = S1 2 W
S
W
S1 1 1 W
T
X
A =1
3R
2V
S1 W
A 1 = 1 S1 2 W
3S
W
S1 1 1 W
T
X
From equation (5)
R 1 1 1VR0.5 0 0VR1 2V
R 1 0.5 0.5V
S
W
W
S
S
S
W
W
Vp = 1 S2 1WS 0 0.5 0WS1 2 W I p = S0.5 1 0.5W I p
3S
S
W
SS0.5 0.5 1 WW
S 2 1WWSS 0 0 2WWS1 1 1 W
X
T
T
X
Comparing of equation
(5)XTand (6) XT
R 1 0.5 0.5V
W
S
Z = S0.5 1 0.5W
SS0.5 0.5 1 WW
X
T
...(5)
and
SOL 5.53
...(4)
...(6)
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POWER SYSTEMS
CHAP 5
= 10c
SOL 5.54
...(1)
a Ib - Ic
IA =c IB # 3 + IC # 3 m
2
2
IA =
IB
Now
XC
and
XC
&
C
XL
&
So
3 IB = 3 IC
- IC = 17.39 - 10 Amp
3
V
230
=
=
- 23
10
IC
= 1
2fC
1
= 139.02 F
= 1 =
2 # 50 # 23
2fXC
= V = 230 - 23 = 2fL
10
IL
23
= XL =
= 72.95 mH
2 # 100
2f
L = 72.95 mH in phase B
C = 139.02 F in phase C
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CHAP 5
SOL 5.55
POWER SYSTEMS
PAGE 285
SOL 5.56
SOL 5.57
SOL 5.58
SOL 5.59
SOL 5.60
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PAGE 286
POWER SYSTEMS
CHAP 5
240 220
0
%V.R. = .94
# 100
220
%V.R. = 16
SOL 5.61
Option ( ) is correct.
SOL 5.62
From figure we conclude that positive sequence line voltage leads phase
voltage by 30c
VAN1 = X+1 30c
VAN2 = 4+2 + 30c
SOL 5.63
SOL 5.64
SOL 5.65
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CHAP 5
POWER SYSTEMS
PAGE 287
SOL 5.67
Vi (f)
V1 (f)
V1 (f)
V3 (f)
V3 (f)
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POWER SYSTEMS
CHAP 5
SOL 5.68
Option ( ) is correct.
SOL 5.69
SOL 5.70
SOL 5.71
SOL 5.72
SOL 5.73
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CHAP 5
POWER SYSTEMS
PAGE 289
For bulk power transmission over very long distance HVDC transmission
preferably used.
SOL 5.74
SOL 5.75
= 0.97
= tan (cos 1 0.97) = 0.25
= 0.25
= 0.25 & QL = 3 MVAR
= tan 1 c
QL
= tan 1 b 3 l = 36c
4
PL m
SOL 5.77
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PAGE 290
POWER SYSTEMS
CHAP 5
...(1)
...(2)
P1 = 200 MW , P2 = 100 MW
SOL 5.78
SOL 5.79
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CHAP 5
POWER SYSTEMS
PAGE 291
SOL 5.80
SOL 5.81
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PAGE 292
POWER SYSTEMS
CHAP 5
SOL 5.83
SOL 5.84
SOL 5.86
SOL 5.87
SOL 5.88
SOL 5.89
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CHAP 5
POWER SYSTEMS
PAGE 293
P = 2V2 C tan
= 2 (110 # 103) 2 # 2f # 125 # 10 9 # 2 # 10 4
= 2 (121 # 108 # 2 # 3.14 # 50 # 250 # 10 13) = 189 W/km
SOL 5.90
SOL 5.91
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PAGE 294
POWER SYSTEMS
CHAP 5
= (215) 2 + (83.46) 2
VS =
SOL 5.92
53190.5716 = 230.63 kV
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CHAP 5
POWER SYSTEMS
PAGE 295
IB = 5773.67 Amp
Symmetrical RMS current = IB # Isc
= 5773.67 # 5.26 = 30369.50 Amp
& Irms = 30.37 kA
SOL 5.94
SOL 5.95
SOL 5.96
Where
= 2fmechanical
fmechanical = felectrical # 2 = felectrical # 2
4
P
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POWER SYSTEMS
CHAP 5
SOL 5.98
SOL 5.99
SOL 5.100
SOL 5.101
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CHAP 5
POWER SYSTEMS
PAGE 297
...(1)
Given that
P
E
V
Xd
& 1 2 = 32.58
SOL 5.102
SOL 5.103
SOL 5.104
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PAGE 298
POWER SYSTEMS
CHAP 5
0.4 # 10 3 = 28.284
0.5 # 10 6
surge impedance of overhead transmission line
Z2 = Z 3 = L ;
L = 1.5 mm/km, C = 0.015 F/km
C
=
1.5 # 10 5 = 316.23
0.015 # 10 6
Now the magnitude of voltage at junction due to surge is being given by as
Vl = 2 # V # Z2
V = 20 kV
Z 2 + Z1
Z2 = Z 3 =
3
= 2 # 20 # 10 # 316.23
316 + 28.284
= 36.72 kV
SOL 5.105
SOL 5.106
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CHAP 5
POWER SYSTEMS
PAGE 299
j0.2 # (11) 2
p.u. # (kV) 2
=
= j0.242
100
MV
VS VR sin
PL =
X
Impedance of line ZL =
We know
= 11 # 10 # 11 # 10 cos (11.537c)
0.242
(11 # 103) 2
0.242
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PAGE 300
POWER SYSTEMS
Zl23 =
CHAP 5
j2 (0.3408) (0.2586)
= j0.16296
0.5408
Ea
0.1
=
j0.2 + j0.2 + j0.34 + j0.15
Z 0 + Z 1 + Z 2 + 3Z n
= j1.12 pu
generator MVA
IB =
=
3 generator kV
Fault current
20 # 106
= 1750 Amp
3 # 6.6 # 103
Vn = I f Zn
Zn = ZB # Z pu
(6.6) 2
0.05 = 0.1089
=
20 #
Vn = 5897.6 # 0.1089 = 642.2 V
SOL 5.109
...(1)
...(2)
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CHAP 5
POWER SYSTEMS
PAGE 301
P2 = 157.14 MW
SOL 5.110
SOL 5.111
Pmax sin d
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POWER SYSTEMS
CHAP 5
= 32 j24
Since Power factor is Improved by connecting a Y-connected capacitor bank
like as
In figure
oa = I l cos 2 = I cos 1
I l cos 25.84c = 32
I l # 0.9 = 32
Il = 35.55
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CHAP 5
POWER SYSTEMS
ac
ab
ab
Ic
PAGE 303
= 24 Amp.
= I l sin 2 = 35.55 sin 25.84c
= 15.49 Amp
(ac = I sin 1)
SOL 5.115
SOL 5.116
SOL 5.117
For load flow study when entering the network data, the tie line data
inadvertently left out. If load flow programme is run with this incomplete
data than load flow will not converge if only one slack bus is specified.
SOL 5.118
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PAGE 304
POWER SYSTEMS
CHAP 5
*Given data :
ZC
l
Pmax
VS
VS
A
...(1)
2
Where
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CHAP 5
POWER SYSTEMS
PAGE 305
Pr = VS VR MVA
B
and maximum power transferred is being given by as
Prm = Pr Pr0
Pr = VS VR = 230 # 230
47.88
B
Pr = 1104.84 MVA
2
Pr0 = AVR cos ( ) MW
B
=
0.9928 # (230) 2
# cos (90c 0)
47.88
Pr0 = 0 MW
So maximum Power transferred
Prm = Pr Pr0 = 1104.84 MW
SOL 5.121
= j (XS + 2Xm)
= j [0.15 # 2 (0.05)] = 0.25j
= Z 021 = j (XS + 2Xm)
= Z 021 = j [0.15 + 2 (0.04)] = 0.23j
= j (XS + 2Xm)
XS = 0.15 , Xm = 0.05
XS = 0.15 , Xm = 0.04
XS = 0.15 , Xm = 0.05
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POWER SYSTEMS
CHAP 5
= j [0.15 + 2 (0.01)]
= 0.25j
SOL 5.122
*Given
X = 0.2 pu
For generator
X' = 0.1 pu , El = 1.0 pu, H = 5 MJ/MVA
Mechanical Power Pm = 0.0 pu, B = 2 # 50 rad/sec
Initially generator running on open circuit, at switch closure = 0
B = d = init
dt
maximum init = ? , so that generator pulls into synchronism
We know that swing equation
H d2 = (P P ) pu
......(1)
m
e
f dt2
E V
sin = 1.1 sin = 3.33 sin
Pe =
0. 3
X
From equation (1)
5
d2 = 0 3.33 sin
3.14 # 50 dt2
d2 = 104.72 sin
dt2
integrating on both side.
d = 104.72 cos +
0
dt
0 = 0 (given)
= d
dt
For (init) max = b d l
dt max
d
b dt l
when cos = 1
max
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CHAP 5
POWER SYSTEMS
PAGE 307
voltage profile and unity power factor at all points along it.
SOL 5.124
SOL 5.125
(33 kV) 2
0.12 = 19.6
20 MVA #
^kVhold 2
^MVAhnew
#
H
>
H
^kVhnew
^MVAhold
2
= 0.4 # b 10 l # 100 = 0.44 pu
11
75
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POWER SYSTEMS
CHAP 5
cos = 0.82
SOL 5.127
Option ( ) is correct.
SOL 5.129
VR = 1 0.05j
P1 = VS = 1 pu .
P2 = 1 0.1j (by applying KVL)
P3 = 1 0.1j + j0.15 (by applying KVL)
..(1)
...(2)
...(3)
= 1 + 0.05j
From equation (1), (2) and (3) it is cleared that voltage at P3 is maximum.
SOL 5.130
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CHAP 5
POWER SYSTEMS
PAGE 309
Given:
SOL 5.131
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PAGE 310
POWER SYSTEMS
CHAP 5
...(1)
...(2)
...(3)
...(4)
y 44 = y 40 + y 41 + y 42 + y 43 = 9j
and diagonal elements
y12 = y21 = y12 = 2j _
b
y13 = y 31 = y13 = 2.5j b
b
y14 = y 41 = y14 = 0j b
.....(5)
`
y23 = y 32 = y23 = 2.5j b
y24 = y 42 = y24 = 4j b
bb
y 34 = y 34 = 4j
a
from equation (1) y10 = y11 y12 y13 y14 = 6j + 2j + 2.5j + 0j = 1.5j
Same as from equation (2)
y20 = y22 y21 y23 y24 = 10j + 2j + 2.5j + 4j = 1.5j
from equation (3) y 30 = y 33 y 31 y 32 y 34 = 9j + 2.5j + 2.5j + 4j = 0
from equation (4) y 40 = y 44 y 41 y 42 y 43 = 8j + 0 + 4j + 4j = 0
Now we have to draw the reactance diagram as follows
SOL 5.133
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CHAP 5
POWER SYSTEMS
PAGE 311
Pd = 1+30c pu
sudden fault reduces the peak power transmitted to 0.5 pu
after clearance of fault, peak power = 1.5 pu
Critical clearing angle ( cr ) = ?
cr
max
cr
...(1)
max = sin 1 b Pm l
Pmax 111
Where
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PAGE 312
SOL 5.135
POWER SYSTEMS
CHAP 5
...(2)
...(3)
...(1)
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