STYLE:

Form and structure:

The poem consists of nine stanzas of four lines each. The poem has regular
rhyming pattern. Each stanza follows the rhyme scheme abab. In every stanza,
the first line rhymes with the third line and the second line with the fourth.
Allusion:
Allusion is a reference to other works or cultures in prose and poetry. H.W
Longfellow has used allusions to convey his message in the poem.
Tell me not, in mournful numbers.
In the above line, numbers refer to the verses in the Bible.
Dust thou art, to dust thou returnest
The above line too has a Biblical reference.

FIGURES OF SPEECH:
Similes: It is a figure of speech in which a likeness between two different things is
stated using the words like or as. Examples of similes in A Psalm of Life are,
1. Still, like muffled drums, are beating
2. Be not like dumb, driven cattle!
METAPHORS:
Metaphor is that figure of speech where comparison of two different things are
implied but not clearly stated. Examples of metaphor in the poem are,
1. Life is but an empty dream.
2. Soul id dead that slumbers
3. Art is long and Time is fleeting
ALLITERATION:
Alliteration is the close repetition of the consonant sounds at the beginning of
words to facilitate narration. Examples of alliteration in the poem are,
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Grave is not its goal

Find us further
Dumb driven cattle
Learn to labour
Dust thou art, to dust thou returnest.

PARALLELISM:
Parallelism is used when the speaker says
1. Life is real! Life is earnest!
2. Still achieving still pursuing.
H
.W Longfellow points out that one has a duty to make this world a better place to
live in. A Psalm of Life is a whole collection of moral principles to be followed by
all the people. The principles listed by the poem are enumerated as follows,-

*Life has a serious mission.

*Life does not end with death.
*We have a destiny irrespective of our joys and sorrows.
*Time is too short for our long mission.
*Become great by emulating great men.
*Learn to labor and wait for results.
*Act now, in the living present.
*Be a hero in the struggle of life.