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2016 ru;tNjr vOj;jwpT

2016 ru;tNjr vOj;jwpT jpdj;ij Kd;dpl;L If;fpa ehLfs; rigapd; nghJr;nrayu; ghd;fp-%d; ntspapl;Ls;s mwpf;ifapy;> vOJtJk;> gbg;gJk; kl;LNk vOj;jwpT ngw;wjhf
MfptplhJ. tha;gG
; fisf; fz;lwptJld;> tsu;r;rpia ikakhff; nfhz;ljhfTk; me;jf;
fy;tpawpT ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. If;fpa ehLfs; rigapy; cWg;gpdu;fshf cs;s ehLfs;
midj;Jk; ru;tNjr mstpy; midtUk; vOj;jwpT ngWtij ,yf;fhff; nfhz;L
mjw;Fupa eltbf;iffis vLj;jy; mtrpak;.
,jw;F cWJizahf Njitahd cjtpfis mspg;gNjhL cz;ikahd tsu;r;rpf;Fj;
Njitahd tsq;fis cUthf;f Ntz;Lk;. cyfpy; kpFe;j mstpy; tsk; cs;sJ. ,e;j
cyfpy; tho fy;tpAk;> mwpTk;jhd; gh];Nghu;l; Nghd;wit. Mdhy; cyfpy; cs;s nkhj;j
kf;fs; njhifapy; 77.60 Nfhb Ngu;> ngUk;ghyhd ngz;fs; mbg;gil trjpfspd;wp>
vOj;jwpT ,y;yhjtu;fshf tho;fpd;wdu;. mj;Jld; 7.5 Nfhb Foe;ijfs; gs;spf;Fr;
nry;yhky; ,Ug;gJ kpfTk; ftiyaspf;Fk; tp\akhFk;. ghjpapNyNa gs;spf; fy;tpia
iftpLk; Foe;ijfspd; vz;zpf;ifAk; mjpfupj;J tUtJ tUj;jkspf;fpwJ.
Fiwe;jgl;r fy;tp %yk; xU kdpjdpd; tho;f;ifapy; vj;jifa khw;wq;fs; Vw;gLfpwJ
vd;gij gpugy fy;tpahsu; lhf;lu; yhyNf Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shu;. mtuJ $w;iw midtUk;
epidTgLj;jpf; nfhs;s Ntz;baJ kpfTk; mtrpak;. ,ij kdjpy; nfhz;L ,e;j Mz;L
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kpy;ypad; Foe;ijfSf;F ve;jtpjkhd fy;tpAk; Muk;gf; fy;tpAk; kWf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. 232
kpy;ypad; Foe;ijfSf;F Fiwe;j gl;rk; ,uz;lhk; epiyf; fy;tpiaf;$l ngwKbahj
epiy cs;sJ. fpof;F INuhg;ghtpYk;> Kd;ida Nrhtpaj; A+dpad; ehLfspYk; ghlrhiyf;
fy;tp 1989y; ,Ue;jij tpl tPor
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rjtPj ghlrhiyfspy; ky[y$l trjp ,y;iy 59 rjtPj ghlrhiyfspy; FbePu; ,y;iy.
1991y; ,e;jpahtpy; 7 tajpw;F $ba kf;fspy; 52 rjrjtPjtu;fSf;F vOj;jwpT ,Ue;jJ.
,jpy; ,e;jpa gpuhe;jpa muRfspy; fpuhkpa ngz;fspy; 16 rjtPjj;jtu;fSf;F vOj;jwpT
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kpy;ypad; rpWtu;fs; njhopypy; <Lgl;Ls;sdu;. ,jpy; 140 kpy;ypad; rpWtu;fSk; 110
kpy;ypad; rpWkpau;fshFk;. 18 tajpw;F Fiwe;j 1.2 kpy;ypad; ngz;fSk; rpWkpau;fSk;
tUlhe;jk; tpgr;rhuj;jpy; <Lglj; js;sg;gLfpd;wdu; vd;Wk; $wg;gl;bUe;jJ.
cyf ehLfspd; vOj;jwpT tpfpjq;fs;:
1998k; Mz;L I.ehtpd; fzpg;gl
P ;bd; gb cyf rdj;njhifapy; 20 rjtPjj;Njhu;
vOj;jwptw;wtu;fshf ,Ue;jdu;.,e;jj;njhifapdu; ve;j nkhopapYk; mike;j kpf yFthd
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Gydha;Tj;Jiw Kftu; mikg;gpd; (rP.I.V) 2007 mwpf;ifapd; gb jw;NghJ cyf
[dj;njhifapd; vOj;jwpT rjtPjk; 82 MFk;. kdpj mgptpUj;jp cs;slf;f 2007/2008 Gs;sp
tpgug;gb (Human Development Index 2008 Statistical Update Human Development Report
2007/2008> p. 226 Human Development Report 2007/2008) cyfpy; 100 rjtPj vOj;jwpit

ngw;Ws;s ehL vd;w ngUikia N[hu;[pah ngw;Ws;sJ. ,uz;lhtJ ,lj;jpy; KiwNa


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; lhdpah 99.8> yhl;tpah 99.8> fpA+gh 99.8 Mfpa ehLfs; cs;sd. 99 rjtPj
vOj;jwpit cs;s ehLfspy; Nkw;gb gl;baypy; 49 ehLfs; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sd. 98 rjtPj
vOj;jwpit cs;s 8 ehLfSk;> 97 rjtPj vOj;jwpit cs;s 10 ehLfSk;> 96 rjtPj
vOj;jwpit cs;s 6 ehLfSk;> 95 rjtPj vOj;jwpit cs;s 2 ehLfSk;> 94 rjtPj
vOj;jwpit cs;s 06 ehLfSk;> 93 rjtPj vOj;jwpit cs;s 08 ehLfSk;> 92 rjtPj
vOj;jwpit cs;s 05 ehLfSk;> 91 tPj vOj;jwpit cs;s 5 ehLfSk;> 90 rjtPj
vOj;jwpit cs;s 4 ehLfSk; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sd. ,g;gl;baypd;gb ,yq;if ,g;gl;baypy;
99MtJ ,lj;ijg;gpbj;Js;sJ.
vOj;jwpT rjtPjk; 90.8 MFk;. ,yq;ifapy; ngUe;Njhl;lg;gFfspy; vOj;jwpT tpfpjk;
FiwT fhuzkhf Njrpa uPjpapy; ,t;tpfpjk; Fiwe;J fhzg;gLfpwJ.mNj Neuk;
njw;fhrpahTld; xg;gpLk; NghJ ,yq;if Kjyplj;jpy; cs;sJ.
,g;gl;baypy; ,e;jpahthdJ 159 MtJ ,lj;ijg; gpbj;Js;sJ. vOj;jwpT rjtPjk; 65.2
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189tJ ,lj;jpYk; gu;ff
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,lj;jpYk; khyp (22.9) 192tJ ,lj;jpYk; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

,yq;ifAk; vOj;jwpT rjtPjKk;.


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xt;nthU ehLfspYk; ,j;jpl;lq;fs; Kd;ndLj;Jr; nry;yg;gLfpd;wik Kf;fpa mk;rk;. ,jpy;
KjpNahu;fSf;F fy;tp Nghjpj;jy; gpujhd ,lj;ij tfpf;fpd;wJ.

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nl`;uhdpy; khehl;il elj;jpaJ. ,jpy; cyf ehLfisr; Nru;e;j fy;tp mikr;ru;fs;
gq;Nfw;wdu;. ,e;j khehl;by;jhd; cyf vOj;jwptpd;ikia mfw;w Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;ba
eltbf;iffs; Fwpj;J mwpf;if jahupf;fg;gl;ld.,jd; gupe;Jiufspd;gb And];Nfhtpd;
14tJ nghJf;FO $l;lk; 1965 et. 17y; ele;jJ. ,jpy;jhd; cyf vOj;jwpT jpdk; gpufldk;
nra;ag;gl;lJ. ,jidj; njhlu;e;J 1966 Kjy; nrg;. 8 cyf vOj;jwpT jpdkhf
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cyfpy; Rkhu; 781 kpy;ypad; Ngu; mbg;gil vOj;jwpT mw;wtu;fshf ,Uf;fpwhu;fs; vd;W
kjpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,jpy; %d;wpy; 2 Ngu; ngz;fs;. 2006y; And];Nfhtpd; midtUf;Fk;
fy;tp gw;wpa cyf mwpf;if xd;iw ntspapl;bUe;jJ.

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njupahik vd;gijAk; fle;J> gy;NtW Kd;Ndw;wkpd;ikf;F fhuzkhf tpsq;fp tpLfpwJ.
ek; ehl;ilg; nghWj;jstpy; Ntiy> nghUshjhuk; Nghd;wtw;Wf;F fy;tpNa gpujhdk;.
fle;j jiyKiwapy; ,Ue;J fy;tpahy; Kd;Ndwpatu;fspd; vz;zpf;if mjpfupj;Jf;
nfhz;Nl nry;fpwJ. mjw;F Kd;G tiu guk;giur; nrhj;J ,jid jPu;khdpj;J te;jJ.

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Ntz;bAs;sJ. vOj;jwpT gpur;id fy;tpahy; jPu;f;fg;gl Ntz;ba r%f gpur;id vd;W
fUjg;gLfpwJ. 2011 fzf;nfLg;gpd;gb ,e;jpahtpd; vOj;jwpT 74 rjtPjkhf cs;sJ. ,jpy;
Mz;fs; 82.14 rjtPjk;> ngz;fs; 65.46 rjtPjkhFk;. 2001 fzf;nfLg;ig tpl 6.9 rjtPjk;
mjpfupj;Js;sJ. vOj;jwptpy; Nfush Kjyplj;ijAk;> gPfhu; filrp ,lj;jpYk; cs;sJ.
vOj;jwpit mjpfupf;Fk; tifapy; gy;NtW eltbf;iffs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;L tUfpd;wd.
,jd;gb 1952y; r%f fy;tpj; jpl;lk;> 1967y; fpuhk tptrhapfspd; nray;Kiw vOj;jwpTj;
jpl;lk; mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;ld.

75y; gs;sp rhuhf;fy;tp jpl;lk;> 78y; Njrpa taJ te;Njhu; fy;tpj;jpl;lk;> 86y; kf;fs;
nray;Kiw vOj;jwpTj; jpl;lk; Nghd;wit nray;gLj;jg;gl;ld. NkYk; ru;trpf;\h mgpahd;
jpl;lk; vDk; midtUf;Fk; fy;tpj;jpl;lk; 2000y; mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. 14 taJ tiu
cs;s midj;J Foe;ijfisAk; gs;spapy; Nru;f;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w ,yf;if ,J
nfhz;bUe;jJ. mwpT vd;gJ Xu; MAjk; vd;fpwhu; jpUts;Stu;. fy;yhjtu; thOk; tPL
ntspr;rkpy;yh ,Uz;l tPL vd;W ghujpjhrd; $Wfpwhu;. mwpTilahu; vy;yhk; cilahu;.
vOj;jwptpd;ik xU Fw;wk;. mij ehl;il tpl;Nl mfw;wpl Ntz;Lk; vd;fpwhu; fhe;jpabfs;.
vOj;jwpNt r%fj;jpd; MzpNtu; vd;gjhy; midtUk; vOj;jwpT ngw Vw;w R+o;epiyia
cUthf;FNthk;.

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