B GIO DC V O TO

TRNG I HC NHA TRANG

BI NGUYN TON

NGHIN CU C IM SINH HC SINH SN

CA TM TT (Harpiosquilla harpax de Haan, 1844)
TRONG IU KIN NUI

LUN VN THC S

KHNH HA 2016

B GIO DC V O TO
TRNG I HC NHA TRANG

BI NGUYN TON

NGHIN CU C IM SINH HC SINH SN

CA TM TT (Harpiosquilla harpax de Haan, 1844)
TRONG IU KIN NUI
LUN VN THC S

Ngnh:

Nui trng thy sn

M s:

60620301

Quyt nh giao ti:

1224/Q-HNT ngy 26/09/2013

Quyt nh thnh lp H:

378/Q HNT ngy 11/05/2016

Ngy bo v:

28/05/2016

Ngi hng dn khoa hc:

TS. Lc Minh Dip
Ch tch hi ng:
PGS.TS Nguyn nh Mo
Khoa sau i hc:

KHNH HA 2016

LI CAM OAN
Ti xin cam oan rng lun vn v kt qu nghin cu trong lun vn ny l
trung thc v cha h c s dng bo v mt hc v no.
Kt qu nghin cu ca lun vn l mt phn ca ti cp B Nghin cu
xy dng quy trnh sn xut ging nhn to tm tt c s cho php ca ThS Bi
Vn in ch nhim ti s s liu trong ti hon thnh bo lun vn. Ti xin
cam oan rng mi s gip cho vic thc hin lun vn ny c cm n v cc
thng tin trch dn trong lun vn u c ch r ngun gc.
Tc gi

Bi Nguyn Ton

iii

LI CM N
hon thnh kha lun ny, ngoi s n lc ca bn thn, ti nhn c
s gip ca thy c, ng nghip, gia nh v bn b.
Li cm n su sc ti xin dnh cho thy hng dn, TS. Lc Minh Dip, ngi
nh hng, dy bo v gip ti rt nhiu trong sut qu trnh thc hin ti.
Ti xin chn thnh cm n:
ThS Bi Vn in ch nhim ti Nghin cu xy dng quy trnh sn xut
ging nhn to tm tt tn tnh gip , to iu kin cho ti thc hin ti.
Anh ch em ng nghip ti Trm Nghin cu Thu sn Nc l - Trung tm
Quc gia Ging Hi sn min Bc to iu kin thun li cho ti thc hin v
hon thnh ti trong thi gian qua.
Gia nh v bn b ng vin, gip ti.

iv

MC LC
LI CAM OAN ............................................................................................................iii
LI CM N .................................................................................................................. iv
MC LC ...................................................................................................................... v
DANH MC CC T VIT TT................................................................................ vii
DANH MC BNG .....................................................................................................viii
DANH MC HNH......................................................................................................... ix
TRCH YU LUN VN ............................................................................................... x
M U

...................................................................................................................... 1

CHNG 1. TNG QUAN TI LIU ....................................................................... 3

1.1.

Mt s c im sinh hc ca tm tt .......................................................... 3

1.1.1.

Phn loi ....................................................................................................... 3

1.1.2.

Phn b ......................................................................................................... 3

1.1.3.

c im hnh thi ....................................................................................... 4

1.1.4.

Tp tnh sng .............................................................................................. 10

1.1.5.

c im dinh dng................................................................................. 10

1.1.6.

c im sinh trng................................................................................. 11

1.1.7.

c im sinh sn ...................................................................................... 11

1.2.

Tnh hnh nghin cu v sinh sn tm tt trn th gii v Vit Nam........ 14

1.2.1.

Tnh hnh nghin cu u trng tm tt trn th gii .................................. 14

1.2.2.

Tnh hnh nghin cu Tm tt Vit Nam ................................................ 16

CHNG 2. PHNG PHP NGHIN CU ....................................................... 18

2.1.

i tng, thi gian v a im ............................................................... 18

2.2.

Phng php nghin cu v cch b tr th nghim .................................. 19

2.2.1.

S khi ni dung nghin cu ............................................................... 19

2.2.2.

Nghin cu c im sinh hc sinh sn tm tt trong iu kin nui....... 19

2.2.3.

Nghin cu th nghim nui pht dc tm tt b m ............................... 21

2.2.4.

Phng php thu thp, phn tch v x l s liu ..................................... 22

CHNG 3. KT QU NGHIN CU V THO LUN .................................. 23

3.1.

Nghin cu mt s c im sinh hc sinh sn tm tt trong iu kin nui..... 23

3.1.1.

Phn bit gii tnh ...................................................................................... 23

3.1.2.

Cc giai on pht trin ca bung trng tm tt ...................................... 23

3.1.3.

Xc nh h s thnh thc v ma v sinh sn ca tm tt ....................... 29

3.1.4.

Sc sinh sn ca tm tt trong iu kin nui. .......................................... 30

3.2.

Kt qu th nghim cho sinh sn nhn to tm tt .................................... 31

3.2.1.

Theo di sinh trng tm tt trong iu kin nui .................................... 31

3.2.1.1.

Mt s ch tiu mi trng b nui tm tt b m .................................... 31

3.2.1.2.

Sinh trng v t l sng ca n tm b m trong iu kin nui ......... 32

3.2.2.

Kt qu nui pht dc tm tt b m ......................................................... 33

CHNG 4. KT LUN V XUT .................................................................. 35

4.1.

Kt lun ...................................................................................................... 35

4.2.

xut......................................................................................................................35

TI LIU THAM KHO............................................................................................ 36

PH LC .................................................................................................................... 41

vi

DANH MC CC T VIT TT
BW

Khi lng thn

GSI (%)

H s thnh thc

LT

Chiu di ton thn

S mu

Ppt

Phn nghn

So/00

mui

TSD

Tuyn sinh dc

Khi lng

vii

DANH MC BNG
Bng 3.1.

H s thnh thc ca tm tt qua cc thng ............................................... 29

Bng 3.2.

Sc sinh sn ca tm tt trong cc t th nghim .................................... 30

Bng 3.3.

Khi lng v s lng trng ca tm tt nui trong b .......................... 31

Bng 3.4.

Mt s yu t mi trng b nui tm tt (nm 2014).............................. 32

Bng 3.5.

Tng trng v t l sng n tm nui .................................................... 33

Bng 3.6.

T l thnh thc tm tt qua cc thng ...................................................... 33

Bng 3.7.

Kt qu nui pht dc tm tt b m ......................................................... 34

Bng 3.8.

Kt qu cho sinh sn nhn to tm tt........................................................ 34

viii

DANH MC HNH
Hnh 1.1.

Tm tt (Harpiosquilla harpax De Haan, 1844)........................................... 3

Hnh 1.2.

Phn b tm tt trn th gii ........................................................................ 4

Hnh 1.3.

Phn trc gip u ngc loi H. harpax .................................................... 6

Hnh 1.4.

c im hnh thi ngoi ca tm tt........................................................... 6

Hnh 1.5.

S phn trc ca gip u ngc. .......................................................... 7

Hnh 1.6.

Hnh dng cng ca tm tt .......................................................................... 7

Hnh 1.7.

Loi Oratosquillina interrupta...................................................................... 8

Hnh 1.8.

Loi Miyakea neap ....................................................................................... 9

Hnh 1.9.

c im hnh thi loi ngoi ca tm Harpiosquilla harpax.................... 9

Hnh 1.10. H tiu ha tm tt nhn t mt lng. ........................................................ 11

Hnh 1.11. Tm ci thnh thc..................................................................................... 12
Hnh 1.12.

Hnh thc giao v ca tm tt Gonodactylus bredini ............................... 13

Hnh 2.1.

nh tm Tt (Mu thu ngy 18/3/2014 ti sn Hi Phng) ............. 18

Hnh 3.1.

Hnh thi ngoi bung trng tm tt .......................................................... 23

Hnh 3.2.

Cc giai on pht trin ca bung trng .................................................. 24

Hnh 3.3.

Giai on I (cha trng thnh). ............................................................... 25

Hnh 3.4.

T bo trng loi 1 ..................................................................................... 26

Hnh 3.5.

T bo trng loi 2 ..................................................................................... 26

Hnh 3.6.

T bo trng loi 3 ................................................................................... 26

Hnh 3.7.

T bo trng loi 4 ..................................................................................... 26

Hnh 3.8.

T bo trng c bao quanh bi v mu m hon chnh ca t bo nang ..27

Hnh 3.9.

Giai on IV ca trng. ............................................................................. 27

Hnh 3.10. Bung trng giai on V............................................................................ 28

Hnh 3.11. Giai on VI ca bung trng ................................................................... 29

ix

TRCH YU LUN VN
Lun vn Nghin cu mt s c im sinh hc sinh sn tm tt trong iu
kin nui c thc hin ti Trung tm Quc gia Ging hi sn min Bc- Vin
nghin cu NTTS 1 t thng 3 n thng 11 nm 2014. Lun vn l mt phn kt qu
ca ti cp B Nghin cu xy dng quy trnh cng ngh sn xut ging nhn to
tm tt.
T ngun tm tt b m c nh bt t vng bin Ct B Hi Phng, lun
vn tin hnh nui thun dng v nui thnh thc tm tt b m, theo di cc ch
tiu sinh hc sinh sn nh. Kt qu cho thy tm tt c kch c 80g tr ln t kch c
thnh thc sinh dc, qu trnh pht trin tuyn sinh dc qua 05 giai on, bung trng
thnh thc c mu vng m, 02 di trng ko di t gip u ngc n Telson. H s
thnh thc ca tm tt c xu hng tng dn t thng 4 n thng 7, sau gim dn
n thng 10. T thng 4 n thng 7, h s thnh thc tng nhanh t 0,55% n
2,33%. Thng 8 l 1,25% v gim 1,08% rong thng 9. Thng 10 h s thnh thc
gim xung ch cn 0,65%. Sc sinh sn tuyt i ca tm tt dao ng t 85.600105.300 trng/mt c th tm ci, trung bnh l 94.380trng/c th. Sc sinh sn thc
t trung bnh t 85.000 trng/tm m.
Kt qu th nghim nui pht dc tm tt b m cho kt qu: t l tm thnh thc
t 70,2%, t l tham gia sinh sn t 63,5%, t l n t 80%, s lng u trng thu
c 2340.000 con.
Kt qu ca lun vn cho thy vic nui pht dc tm tt t ngun tm b m
khai thc t t nhin hon ton thc hin trong iu kin nui nhn to. Kt qu ca
lun vn gp phn quan trng trong vic xy dng quy trnh cng ngh sn xut ging
nhn to tm tt.
T Kha: Tm tt, sinh hc sinh sn, tuyn sinh dc, Harpiosquilla harpax

M U
Tm tt c phn b ti cc vng bin Vit nam v l mt i tng hi sn c
gi tr kinh t c tiu th trong nc v th trng nc ngoi. Hin nay ngun cung
cp sn phm ch yu t khai thc t nhin, s lng hn ch, khng ch ng, dn ti
gi th trng lun mc cao. Khai thc tm t nhin c bit l tm kch c ln c
nguy c nh hng ti ngun li t nhin.
Pht trin nui tm tt thng phm s tng ngun cung sn phm cho th
trng, ng thi gp phn tch cc cho bo v ngun li tm t nhin. Mc du l i
tng kinh t, tuy nhin Vit Nam tm tt cha c tp trung nghin cu. Mt s
nghin cu trc y mi ch nh gi v mt phn b t nhin, v mt s c im
sinh hc. Nm 2008 2009, Vin Nghin cu Nui trng Thu sn III thc hin ti
cp c s "Nghin cu c im sinh hc v thm d sn xut ging tm tt" thu
c nhng kt qu ban u. Tuy nhin do thi gian ngn, kinh ph cp c s hn hp
nn kt qu nghin cu mi ch dng li mc thm d, th nghim.
Nm 2013-2015, Vin Nghin cu Nui trng Thu sn I thc hin ti cp
B "Nghin cu xy dng quy trnh cng ngh sn xut ging nhn to tm tt", y l
nhim v cn thit. Thnh cng ca ti s c ngha quan trng cho vic pht trin
sn xut ging v nui thng phm loi tm tt c gi tr kinh t cao ny.
Nghin cu c im sinh hc sinh sn, nhm mc ch xy dng d liu khoa hc
v qu trnh pht trin phi v u trng ca tm tt , l c s khoa hc quan trng phc v
cho vic nghin cu k thut sn xut ging nhn to tm tt ti Vit Nam. Trong khun
kh lun n thc s, chng ti thc hin ti "Nghin cu c im sinh hc sinh sn
ca tm tt Harpiosquilla harpax (de Haan, 1844) trong iu kin nui".
Mc tiu v ni dung ca ti
Mc tiu nghin cu:
Nm c mt s c im sinh hc sinh sn v nh gi kh nng nui pht
dc, lm c s xy dng quy trnh sn xut ging nhn to ca tm tt Harpiosquilla
harpax (De Haan, 1844) trong iu kin nui.
Ni dung nghin cu:
1. Nghin cu mt s c im sinh hc sinh sn nhn to tm tt trong iu
kin nui (Xc nh cc giai on pht trin tuyn sinh dc, h s thnh thc, ma v
sinh sn, sc sinh sn tuyt i, sc sinh sn tng i)
1

2. Nghin cu th nghim nui pht dc tm b m (t l thnh thc, t l

tham gia sinh sn, t l n, s lng u trng)
ngha khoa hc ca ti
+ ngha khoa hc:
- y l cng trnh nghin cu u tin c tin hnh Vit Nam v sinh hc
sinh sn tm tt trong iu kin nui;
- Kt qu ca ti l ti liu tham kho tt cho cc cng trnh nghin cu tip
theo v sn xut ging, nui, bo tn v ti to ngun li tm tt;
- Kt qu ca ti s gp phn cung cp nhng thng tin chi tit v sinh hc
sinh sn ca tm Tt trong iu kin nui v b sung c s khoa hc trin khai cc
ni dung tip theo nh nghin cu th nghim sinh sn nhn to v xy dng quy trnh
k thut sinh sn nhn to v nui thng phm tm tt.
+ ngha thc tin:
Nhm ch ng sn xut v cung cp con ging nhn to cho nui thng
phm, gim p lc khai thc t nhin, a dng ha cc i tng nui bin, gp phn
bo v ngun li t nhin, to vic lm, nng cao thu nhp cho ngi dn ven bin .
Mc d c nhiu c gng tuy nhin khng trnh khi nhng sai st. Knh mong
nhn c kin ng gp ca Thy c, cn b hng dn v cc bn ng nghip!.

CHNG 1. TNG QUAN TI LIU

1.1. Mt s c im sinh hc ca tm tt
1.1.1.Phn loi
Lp: Malacostraca
B chn ming: Stomatopoda
H tm b nga: Squillidae
Ging tm tt: Harpiosquilla
Loi Harpiosquilla harpax( De Haan, 1844)
Tn ting Anh: Mantis shrimp
Tn ting Vit: tm tt, tm tch, tm thuyn, b b...

Hnh 1.1. Tm tt (Harpiosquilla harpax De Haan, 1844)

1.1.2. Phn b
Ging tm tt( Harpiosquilla) c 07 loi trong loi Harpiosquilla harpax c
kch thc ln. Trn th gii chng phn b rng ri vng bin n - Ty Thi
Bnh Dng - Bin (Ethiopia), vnh Oman, Zanzibar, Madagascar, Nam Phi, vnh
Bengal (Tch Lan-Calcutta), Sri Lanka, Pakistan (Karach), n ( Bombay, Goa,
ca sng Hooghl,

Madras b bin, qun o Andaman), Thi Lan, Singapore,

Malaysia, Indonesia( Java, Jakarta Bay, Sumatra), Vit Nam, Trung Quc, i Loan,
c, Nht Bn (Muller, 1994; Manning v Lewinsohn, 1986; Manning, 1991).
Vit Nam tm tt thng gp ph bin cc vng bin t Vnh Bc B ti
Nam B. Chng c gi vi cc tn a phng nh b b (min Bc), tm tt, tm
tch (min Trung v Nam B).
3

Hnh 1.2. Phn b tm tt trn th gii (Ngun GBIFOBIS)

1.1.3. c im hnh thi
c im d nhn dng loi ny c m sc t mu nu m i xng qua
g gia ca Telson. Nhnh trong ca chn ui c mu nu en, nhnh ngoi mu
nu vng.
Phin chu dng hnh thang, nh phng, mt lng khng c g. on phn
nhnh pha trc g gia v u ngc r rt, phn gc khng t on. Mu bn trc
t ngc V trn, hng v pha bn trc. Mu bn trc t ngc VI nh v ngn
hn mu t V, u t, cn t ngc VII mu ny rt nh v hng ra bn.
Cc t bng: Cui g ph gia t bng IV khng nhn, nhng t bng V
v VI u hnh thnh gai. t bng II v V khng c vt mu ti. Phin xc bin ca
rng hm ln 3 t. Gc nh di t i chn mc c 1 gai, mt lng t ng c 3 5 mu dng gai, t ngn c 8 rng ( Manning,R.B. 1969a,b; Nguyn Vn Chung v
ctv 2000).

Telson vi 8 rng
4

Cng: Cc loi tm tt c phn thnh 2 nhm chnh vi tiu chun phn loi
da theo kiu cng ca chng: Tm gio (spearer) vi cng c phn ph rt nhn v
nhiu ngnh, nhn ging nh cng ca b nga, dng m v x mi. Tm
ba (smasher) vi cng c dng chy v phn u nhn ca cng c cu trc th s
hn. Cu trc cng phn nh li sn mi ca chng: dng chic chy to v cng
nn con mi v p v thc n. Phn pha trong ca u cng c th c mt bn li
sc nhn v dng ct t con mi khi n bi. C hai loi tm u c chin thut tn
cng l bung cng ra tht nhanh v p cng tht mnh vo con mi. C p c th
gy ra thng tch nghim trng cho con mi, k c khi con mi c kch thc ln hn
tm tt rt nhiu.
Mt: Mt ca tm tt l mt kp, trong ng ch l 6 hng mt con khu
vc ng gia. Bn hng mt gia ng gia mang 16 loi th th nh sng khc
nhau vi 12 loi th th nhm nhn din mu sc v 4 loi m nhn nhim v ca b
lc mu. Th gic ca tm tt rt tt, chng c th nhn thy nh sng phn cc v c
c th gic mu sc siu ph. Mt kp ca chng nm trn cc cung di v mi
cung mt c kh nng vn ng c lp vi cung cn li. Tm tt l loi ng vt duy
nht c th nhn thy mu quang ph v c xem l cp mt phc tp nht ca th gii
ng vt. Chng c th nhn thy nh sng cc tm, nh sng thng v nh sng hng
ngoi v cc loi tia khc ca nh nng mt tri. Hnh dng ca mt cho php chng
nhn thy s vt bi ba phn khc nhau ca mt cng mt lc. i mt ca tm tt c th
gip n nhn bit c cc loi san h, cc loi sn mi trong sut, bn trong sut, hoc
ng vt n tht. Ngoi ra do mt ca tm tt cn nhn din c chu k thy triu do
n c th chn c thi gian giao phi vi con ci mt cch thch hp nht.
Tm tt bt gp vng bin c kch thc ln nht l 24,8cm (
Manning,R.B. 1969b). Con c trng thnh c chiu di dao ng t 7,1 - 18,8 cm,
con ci l 6,4-24,8cm. Taylor.J v ctv ( 2006) bt gp tm tt ti vng bin Queenland
c khi lng ln nht con c l 165g, con ci l 115g, chiu di gip u ngc
tng ng 5,21cm v 5,74cm.
Trong tt cc loi tm tt, loi Harpiosquilla harpax l mt trong nhng loi c
kch thc c th tng i ln, kch thc c th dao ng t 90-180 mm. Kch
thc c tm thy ngoi t nhin ca mt c th trng thnh c th ln ti 262 mm
(Ayong, 2008).

Hnh 1.3. Phn trc gip u ngc loi H. harpax

Phn u ngc c bao ph bi gip u ngc, trn trn c mt v hai i ru
c th chuyn ng mt cch c lp. Mt c cung v c c im l mt kp nn c
kh nng nhn cch chnh xc khi bt mi cng nh di chuyn. Tm tt khng c c
quan cm th mu sc do thch nghi vi iu kin mi trng sng di y su
ca thy vc. c bit l mt ca chng khng c lin h vi nhau, iu gip tng
cng kh nng quan st.
Ru th nht: C 3 nhnh ging nh 3 si dy.
Ru th hai: C 2 nhnh vi 1 nhnh ging hnh si dy v nhnh cn li c
chic l ging nh i cnh
phn u ngc c 8 i ph b, i u tin c dng km v c lng t bn
ngoi, c bit i th 2 pht trin mnh to thnh chn mc, cc i ph b cn li
thon di ging nh nhng i chn di chuyn.
Phn lng bng: Phn bng m rng dc v pha sau, tng ng 5 t bng
u l 5 i ph b c lng t bn ngoi dng bi li v trao i kh. i ph b
cui cng ln, mng c 2 nhnh l 2 chn ui nm hai bn telson to cho ui c
dng hnh qut. (Theo Nguyn Vn Chung v ctv, 2000).

Hnh 1.4. c im hnh thi ngoi ca tm tt

1. chy; 2. v u ngc; 3. mt; 4. ru I; 5. ngn ru II; 6. vy ru II; 7. chn
hm I; 8. chn mc; 9. chn hm III; 10. chn hm V; 11. gai bng; 12. g t bng
VIII; 13. c quan giao cu c; 14. chn b III; 15. mang; 16. chn bi V; 17. chn
ui; 18. t ui. (Ngun: Nguyn Vn Chung v ctv. 2000)

Hnh 1.5. S phn trc ca gip u ngc. Ngun: Manning, 1999)

Manning (1995), chc nng ca i cng tm tt c chia thnh hai nhm,
l nhm m v nhm p (Hnh 1.6). Cc loi thuc nhm m c i cng rt
ln vi t ngn thon di, mnh, c t 7-8 rng dng rng ca (Manning, 1969), t
bn ca chn mc c hng rng dng ngc (Nguyn Vn Chung v ctv. 2000) thch
hp cho vic m v xuyn thng con mi. Cn cc loi thuc nhm p c i
cng ngn, t ngn chc khe gc c ch phng ra v khng c nhiu hn 5 rng
ngn trn ngn, ph hp cho vic p v nghin con mi (Manning, 1967). Ba phn
t trong tng s loi thuc b chn ming c hnh thc bt mi l m gm cc
h Squillidae, Lysiosquillidae, Bathysquillidae, mt phn t cn li theo hnh thc
p thuc h Gonodactylidae (Dingle and Caldwell, 1978).

Hnh 1.6. Hnh dng cng ca tm tt

(Ngun:http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/arthropoda/crustacea/malacostraca/e um...)
Trn Ch Lin (2010) kho st c 3 loi tm thuc gng h Squillidae
phn b hai huyn Kin Lng v Kin Hi l Harpiosquilla harpax, Miyakea
nepa, Oratosquillina interrupta v c phn loi nh sau:
7

Loi Oratosquillina interrupta

Loi Oratosquillina interrupta c kch thc tng i ln, chiu di
khong 80-150 mm. Mt lng c th c mu xanh olive nht, gip u ngc c g
mu thm, v rnh xanh lc. c bit loi tm ny l m nu trn g gia
ca telson v y cng l im phn bit Oratosquillina interrupta vi loi khc.
Phin chy dng ch nht, gic mc mt chia hai thy. V u ngc tm tng i
rng, g phn nhnh gia ca gip u ngc b ngt on. t ngn chn mc c 6
rng, gc mt di ca t i chn mc c gai, t ng mt lng c hai mu nh.
U sau ca t ngc V chia hai thy, g k gia t bng V-VI, g trung gian t
bng IV-VI, t t bng III-VI c g bn, g ra xut hin t t bng I-V, ra ca
mp ngoi chn ui c 7-9 gai hot ng. Nhnh ngoi chn ui mu vng, cc gai
u mt chn ui mang mu (Hnh 1.7). Tm sng su 5-25m, nn y ct
hoc ct bn.

Hnh 1.7. Loi Oratosquillina interrupta

Loi Miyakea nepa
Mt chia 2 thy r, phin chy c dng hnh thang nh phng. G phn
nhnh gia c dng ch Y ko di qua im lm mt lng ca gip u ngc.
t ngn ca cng bt mi c 6 rng, nh gc di t i c mt gai nhn. Mu
bn ca t ngc V c 2 gai, gai trc nhn, di cong v pha trc, gai sau nh v
nh hi t. C gai cui t bng IV c hnh thnh t g ph gia, nhnh ngoi
ca chn ui c 8-10 gai hot ng nm ra. Mu sc nhn chung tm tt
Miyakea nepa c mu olive xm-xanh. Ring cc g, rnh v mp sau ca cc t
li c mu nu-xanh. Telson c g gia v mp bn mu xanh lc m. Phn u
nhnh ngoi chn ui mu vng (Hnh 1.8). Chiu di thn khong 70 -150 mm
v thng sng nn y bn pha ct

Hnh 1.8. Loi Miyakea neap

Loi Harpiosquilla harpax
Gic mc mt c hai thy, chy dng tam gic gn nh tim, mnh v hng ra
pha trc. Gip u ngc c g gia v mp sau bn ca gip u ngc lm su.
Cng bt mi c 8 rng, mp ngoi ca t bn c mt hng gai mc thng ng.
Khng c gai ra sau ca t ngc th V, t t ngc th VI-VIII c g k gia v
g trung gian. G ph gia hin din t bng th I-V, trn ra mp ca u nhnh
ngoi chn ui c 8-10 gai hot ng. Mt lng ca tm tt c mu xanh l hi ng
nu sng, ch ring ra ca g v cc mp sau ca c th c mu nu hi en, t bng
VI vi cc g k gia c mu xanh l sm.
im d nhn dng nht loi ny l nt mu nu m i xng nhau qua g
gia ca telson. Chn ui c nhnh trong mu nu en, nhnh ngoi mu nu vng
(Hnh 1.9). Tm c kch thc dao ng t 90-180 mm, sng nn y ct bn. y
l loi tm c kch thc ln, mang trng nng khong 250 g, di 29 cm. Rt c gi
tr v kinh t, thng c tiu th ni a hay xut khu.

Hnh 1.9. c im hnh thi loi ngoi ca tm Harpiosquilla harpax

(tri); v gip u ngc (trn, phi); chn ui v telson (di, phi)

1.1.4.Tp tnh sng

Tm tt c tp tnh sng vi, n np trong hang hay k , chng ch chui ra
khi ni tr n tm mi v ty loi c th hot ng ban ngy hoc ban m. C th
bt gp tm tt su 2 - 95m ni c cht y l bn ct, bn mm, c kh nng chu
mn thp.
Tm tt c kh nng sng c trong iu kin nhit t 18 -33oC, nu
nhit ln hn 330C hay nh hn 18 0C th kh nng bt mi ca tm gim dn
sau ngng hn. Nhit thch hp cho s sinh trng v pht trin ca tm tt l
t 25-30 0C.
1.1.5. c im dinh dng
Qu trnh tiu ha gip xc c Brusca (2003) m t nh sau: thc n qua
ming, s c tiu ha c hc rut trc sau tiu ha ha hc rut gia. i
vi gip xc 10 chn (tm v cua), rut trc pht trin thnh d dy v chia thnh 2
phn l d dy tm v v d dy mn v (Hnh 2.4). Khi n vo, thc n c gi ti
d dy tm v ni cha nhng mng nghin ca b nghin d dy. Trc khi a vo
d dy mn v, c nhng khi c di chuyn cc xng nh nghin thc n thnh
nhng phn rt nh v c thm qua van tm mn v, van ny ch cho php nhng
phn t nh i qua ( Th Thanh Hng v Nguyn Vn T, 2010).
Wortham-Neal (2002), tm tt l loi thuc gip xc, sng nc mn, n
ng vt theo hnh thc rnh mi, con mi ch yu ca n l cc ng vt sng nh:
c, tm, cua, trai, hn, giun nhiu t, i khi l ng loi ca chng,Ty theo chc
nng ca cc i chn bt mi m con mi c s khc nhau. Tm tt sn mi ngay
li vo hang bng cch rnh mi hay bi xuyn qua ct nc tm thc n. Khi con
mi b pht hin, chng s dng i cng vi lc p mnh v vn tc ln bt ly
con mi (Dingle and Caldwell, 1972).
Cc loi trong nhm m thng bt mi c c th mm, chng m v
xuyn thng con mi. Trong khi nhm p i cng c hnh dng nh chy
p nhng vt mi c v cng. Cc loi thuc nhm ny c xem l mt trong
nhng loi di chuyn nhanh nht trong th gii ng vt, chng di chuyn vi tc
10m/s, mc d nhng con c bi li nhanh cng d dng

b bt gn

(http://www.blueboard.com/mantis/..) do cng tm tt l t bn v t ngn c th

co dui rt nhanh chp ly con mi (Dingle and Caldwell, 1978).

10

Tm tt thuc loi tm d, n tht sng, sn c nh, nhuyn th v gip xc

nh hn. Chng dng i chn th nh, to (thng gi l cng) bt mi.

Hnh 1.10. H tiu ha tm tt nhn t mt lng.

Ngun: Bliss v Mantel (1983)
10. d dy; 11. d dy tm v;12. d dy mn v; 13. rut gia; 14. gan ty. 15. trc trng.

1.1.6. c im sinh trng

i vi loi tm tt con ci thng ln hn con c trong cng tui.
Trong t nhin kch c tm tt thay i theo loi, vng a l, ti vng bin a
Trung Hi kch thc tm thy ph bin ca qun n trong khong 71 - 136mm (
Gokoglu v cng s, 2008), ti vng vnh Mexico khong 26 -132mm (Rocket v
cng s, 1984). Ahyong v Galit (2006) cho bit vng bin n - Ty Thi Bnh
Dng bt gp nhng c th rt ln (TL = 200mm). Ti vng bin Caribe ko di
n pha nam Brazil c th nh bt nhng c th c loi Lysiosquilla
scabricauda (Lamarck, 1818) rt ln TL = 275mm v c th ci TL = 261mm (
Diaz v Manning, 1988).
1.1.7. c im sinh sn
* Phn bit c, ci tm tt:
Phn bit c ci tm tt da vo cu to ngoi ca c quan sinh dc. Con c
c mt c quan giao cu hai mc bn ca chn ngc cui (Wortham-Neal, 2002), khi
khng cha tinh, chng c mu trng trong sut v khi c tinh c mu trng sa bn
trong c quan giao cu. Trong khi , con ci c l gia mt bng i chn b
th nht. Khi con ci thnh thc th di cc t ngc xut hin ba tuyn cht nhn
mu trng c. y cng l mt trong nhng c im phn bit con ci thnh
thc v cha thnh thc. (Hnh 1.11)

11

Tuyn nhn

Hnh 1.11. Tm ci thnh thc

Mc tui thnh thc thng thng ca tm tt O.oratoria l 2+ c thnh thc
i vi con c l 56g chiu di 7,5cm ( Kodama v ctv., 2004). Tuyn sinh dc
(TSD) ca tm tt ci cha thnh thc thng khng nhn thy t bn ngoi, TSD
nh mu kem hng. giai on thnh thc TSD c th nhn thy nh cc 1 di nh
trn telson. TSD mu vng, mu cam hoc , giai on chn mui TSD c hnh
tam gic trn telson, c mu vng, mu cam sng hoc . Khi trng chn, rng
bung trng t bng 1 ca tm t nhin thng ln hn dy ca t bng 1(
Taylor.J v ctv 2006).
* Vng i v ma v sinh sn:
Khi n ma sinh sn tm tt trng thnh s bt cp, con ci c th bt cp
nhiu ln vi nhiu con c c kch c khc nhau. Khong thi gian gia ln sinh sn
th nht v th hai cch nhau 40 ngy (Hamano v Matsuura, 1984). Ma v sinh sn
tm tt ko di trong nm v thay i cc vng bin khc nhau. Do iu kin kh hu
khc nhau, tm trng vo nhng khong thi gian khc nhau tng khu vc ring
bit. Ti vng vnh Moreton- Queensland, Taylor.J v ctv( 2006) cho bit tm tt t
nhin thnh thc sinh dc t thng 2 n thng 5 vi nh vo thng 3. Trong ma
ng t thng 10 n thng 1 tuyn sinh dc giai on I, II khi vo u ma xun
bt gp nhiu c th c tuyn sinh dc giai on III, IV. Ti Indonexia Wardiatno,
A. Mashar, 2010 cho bit tm tt loi Harpiosquilla raphidea thnh thc sinh dc vo
thng 2 4. Nht bn Kodama v ctv( 2004) xc nh ma xun l ma sinh sn ca
tm tt O.oratoria. u trng v tm con bt gp t thng 5 n thng 7. Veena.S, P.
Kaladharan (2010) nghin cu v sinh sn ca tm tt ti vng bin n cho bit
tm bt u giao v vo thng 10. i vi loi Oratosquillina interrupta ma v sinh

12

sn cao nht vo ma xun v ma h vi h s thnh thc( GSI) v t l c th trng

thnh rt phong ph ti thi im ny, chiu di ti thiu trng thnh con c o
c 28 mm chiu di gip u ngc (Maynou et al. (2005).
Vng i sinh sn ca tm tt tri qua 6 giai on hnh thi sau: trng, u trng,
hu u trng, ging, tin trng thnh v trng thnh .
*Tp tnh giao v:
Tp tnh bt cp v giao v ca tm tt khng ch trong t nhin m cn c th
trong iu kin nui v nhn to, tm c v tm ci tri qua mt khong thi gian
lm quen nhau, trong thi gian ny con c pht tn hiu cho con ci nhn bit v mc
ch ca n( Trng Quc Thi v Nguyn Thnh Nhn, 2009) .
Qu trnh giao v c m t nh sau: con c ci ln con ci v dng cc cc
i chn hm gi cht con ci, tip theo con c xoay con ci mt bng ca
phn ngc con ci p mnh vo mt bng ca con c (bng p bng) v con c
chuyn giao ti tinh cho con ci thng qua l th tinh cho trng trong qu trnh
sinh sn hoc con ci cng c th loi b ti tinh ny i ngay.

Hnh 1.12. Hnh thc giao v ca tm tt Gonodactylus bredini

(Ngun: Dingle and Caldwell, 1972)
* Tp tnh trng v p trng:
Tp tnh trng :
Tm tt sau khi giao v mt thi gian tm ci s trng, trng c a ra
ngoi thng qua l sinh sn cng vi tuyn cht dnh gi l tuyn cht nhn. Tm m
s nm nghing trn ct hoc trong hang v gp ngi li trng. Trng s c
dnh ring r trn mt a mu trng do cht dnh ca tuyn cht nhn hnh thnh. Thi
gian trng dao ng t 1-2 gi, tm bt k thi gian no trong ngy nhng
thng nhiu nht vo ban m ( Hamano and Matsuura, 1984).
13

p trng:
Sau khi trng xong, tm m lt ngi li bnh thng, lc ny tm m s di
chuyn khi trng t gia bng ln gi di ming (Dingle and Caldwell, 1972),
y l c im khc bit gia tm tt v mt s i tng gip xc khc. Cc i chn
hm c nhim v gi, v sinh v o trng cung cp oxy cho trng (Hamano and
Matsuura,1984). Sau khi trng thi gian p trng l 13-15 ngy trng s n nhit
27-290C ( loi Harpiosquilla harpax). Thi gian ny s thay i ph thuc nhit ,
loi Oratosquilla oratoria p 23 ngy nu nhit 19 0C (Hamano and Matsuura,
1987).
* Sc sinh sn:
S lng trng trung bnh trn c th l 246 906 trng chiu di v khi
lng tm trung bnh tng ng l 18,04 cm v 60,89g (Trng Quc Thi v Nguyn
Thnh Nhn ( 2009) tin hnh nghin cu th nghim sn xut ging nhn to tm
tt( Harpiosquilla harpax de Haan, 1844).
1.2.Tnh hnh nghin cu v sinh sn tm tt trn th gii v Vit Nam
1.2.1.Tnh hnh nghin cu u trng tm tt trn th gii
1.2.1.1.Cc giai on bin thi ca u trng tm tt
Mc d tm tt( H. Harpax) c phn b rng, sn phm tm tt c tiu th ln
khu vc Chu Thi Bnh dng, tuy nhin nhng nghin cu v tm tt ch yu
v ngun li, phn loi , phn b, mt s c im sinh hc. Theo tng quan ti liu
chng ti thu thp c hin ti cha c cng trnh nghin cu v sn xut ging nhn
to loi tm Harpiosquilla harpax trn th gii. Tuy nhin c mt s nghin cu sinh
sn nhn to ca mt s loi tm tt khc c nghin cu trn th gii.
William v cng s (1985) nghin cu vng i cau trng loi
Hetrosquilla tricarinata Claus, 1871. y l nghin cu u tin gii thch cc giai
on bin thi ca u trng tng i y v lm c s tham kho cho nhng
nghin cu sau ny. Trong iu kin nhit 12 15 0C thi gian bin thi t khi
trng n cho n hu u trng Poslarvae l 76 ngy. Qu trnh bin thi tri qua 03
giai on: 01 giai on tin tri ni( propelagic) v 02 giai on tri ni( pelagic).
Morgan v Goy( 1987), nghin cu sinh sn nhn to loi Gonodactylus bredini
trong iu kin phng th nghim. Kt qu nghin cu cho thi gian t u trng tri
ni t bin khi n lc o hang l 32 91 ngy, trung bnh l 62 ngy. Bung trng

14

loi ny c th cha khong 800 900 trng v trng c dng hnh bu dc, chiu di
khong 0,75 0,79mm, chiu rng khong 0,64 0,67mm. Trng sau khi th tinh,
pht trin phi ko di t 9 10 ngy nhit 28 0C cho ti khi trng n. u trng
pht trin qua 08 giai on bin thi( 03 giai on tin tri ni propelagic, 4 giai
on tri ni Pelagic, 1 giai on ph- supernumera). Thi gian bin thi ca u
trng nhanh hay chm ph thuc vo nhit nc. nhit 25 0C khong 40 45
ngy, nhit 30 0C khong 36 ngy( Morgan v Goy,1987).
Morgan v Goy( 1987) m t cc giai on bin thi ca u trng tm tt
Gonodactylus bredini tm tt nh sau:
+ Giai on bin thi tin tri ni 1( propelagic 1): 2 ngy, nhit 25 0C, chiu di
ton thn TL = 2,5 - 2,65mm, chiu di gip u ngc CL = 1,0 1,3mm.
+ Giai on bin thi tin tri ni 2( propelagic 2): 2 ngy, nhit 25 0C, chiu di
ton thn TL = 2,9 - 3,1mm, chiu di gip u ngc CL = 1,4 1,7mm.
+ Giai on bin thi tin tri ni 3( propelagic 3): 1 - 2 ngy, nhit 25 0C, chiu
di ton thn TL = 3,1 -3,4mm, chiu di gip u ngc CL = 1,4 1,8mm.
+ Giai on bin thi tri ni 1( pelagic 1): 6 -8 ngy, nhit 25- 30 0C, chiu di
ton thn TL = 3,9-4,0mm, chiu di gip u ngc CL = 2,2 2,5mm.
+ Giai on bin thi tri ni 2( pelagic 2): 4 - 8 ngy, nhit 25- 30 0C, chiu di
ton thn TL = 5,1 -5,2mm,chiu di gip u ngc CL = 2,7 3,1mm.
+ Giai on bin thi tri ni 3( pelagic 3): 5 -7 ngy, nhit 25-30 0C, chiu di
ton thn TL = 5,8 -6,3mm, chiu di gip u ngc CL = 3,3 3,6mm.
+ Giai on bin thi tri ni 4( pelagic 4): 8 -13 ngy, nhit 25-30 0C, chiu di
ton thn TL = 6,5 -7,2mm, chiu di gip u ngc CL = 3,3 3,6mm.
+ Giai on bin thi ph( supernumera): 5-8 ngy, nhit 25-30 0C, chiu di ton
thn TL = 7,4 -7,9mm, chiu di gip u ngc CL = 4,1 4,5mm.
Hamano, Matsuura (1987) khi nghin cu sinh sn nhn to loi tm tt
Oratosquilla oratoria trong iu kin phng th nghim . Kt qu nghin cu cho thy
tm tt ci m khi trng hnh a ca n bi chn u tin v th 3 n chn th 5.
Trng c hnh bu dc trong cc mu, ngha l( phm vi) kch thc 0,47( 0,44 - 0,51)
~ 0,44( 0,40 0,47) mm ngay sau khi ra v 0,61( 0,58 0,65) ~ 0,55( 0,52 0,58 )
mm ngay trc khi trng n. Thi gian p trng c lin quan n nhit ca nc
trong b, v ngn hn nhit cao. Cc bnh phng hi quy ti thiu tng trng

15

cho mt mi lin h c ngha tuyn tnh( r = - 0,98; P < 0,001), l Y= 58,39 1,85X;
trong X l nhit nc trung bnh( 0C) trong thi gian p trng v Y l thi gian
p trng( ngy) t lc n lc n. ng thi kt qu nghin cu cn m t c c
th s pht trin ca u trng tm tt tri qua 11 giai on bin thi khc nhau phn
bit bng s lng ca cc phn on v cu trc lng cng ca phn ph.
1.2.1.2. Dinh dng ca u trng
Theo Morgan v Goy( 1987), nghin cu sinh sn nhn to loi Gonodactylus
bredini cho bit u trng mi n s dng non hong sau s dng nauplii ca
artemia.
Hamano, Matsuura (1987) nghin cu sinh sn nhn to loi Oratosquilla
oratoria cho bit hot ng bi v n mi artemia bt u giai on u trng th
ba. giai on cui u trng c xu hng xung y v o l di ct, lc ny chng
c th n c nhuyn th nh. Tng thi gian bin thi t khi trng n n ht giai
on u trng l 60 ngy, t kch thc trng 0,65mm n kch thc u trng giai
on tm ging l 23mm. Thc n trong ng nui u trng tm tt giai on u s
dng thc n l artemia, tuy nhin cc giai on tip sau s dng kt hp cc thc
n tng hp nh tm s.
Tm li: Cc nghin cu v dinh dng v cc giai on pht trin ca u trng
tm tt khc nhau ty theo tng loi. i vi tm tt H. Harpax cha c nghin cu chi
tit, do vy trong qu trnh nghin cu cn tham kho v b tr th nghim nghin
cu c th i vi loi ny v cc giai on pht trin u trng v dinh dng cho tng
giai on.
1.2.2.Tnh hnh nghin cu tm tt Vit Nam
Cc nghin cu v tm tt Vit Nam cn rt hn ch. Mt s cng trnh
nghin cu mi cp v tr lng ngun li hi sn cc vng bin Vit Nam. Nghin
cu v sinh hc sinh sn cn t v bc thm d.
Vin Nghin cu NTTS III thc hin ti cp c s Bc u nghin cu
mt s c im sinh hc sinh sn v th nghim nui v thnh thc tm tt (
Harpiosquilla harpax)" do thc s Trng Quc Thi v cng s thc hin ( 20092010). ti bc u nghin cu v c im sinh hc v nui v tm tt (tm b
m c th sng trong khong nhit 18 33 0C v mn 27 32 0/00). Nghin cu
cng b tr cc th nghim v nh hng ca nhit v mn n nui v tm

16

b m. nui v thnh thc tm tt b m (t l sng t trn 87%). cho thnh

cng; p n (thi gian p trng t 13 15 ngy ty thuc vo nhit nc); ng 02
t v thu c hu u trng (thi gian bin thi hon ton chuyn thnh hu u
trng dao ng 56 62 ngy). Tuy vy, y ch l ti th nghim thm d (thnh
cng 2 t ng n hu u trng, thu 20 con ging / 8 t cho sinh sn nhn to) v
cha xy dng c quy trnh cng ngh sn xut ging nhn to.
Nhn xt
Trn th gii mc d c nhiu ln th nghim ng nui c thc hin t
nhng nm 70 ca th k trc, nhng ch c 3 loi tng c ng thnh cng t
trng n bin thi: Mt loi Oratosquilla oratoria do Hamano, Matsuura (1987), mt
loi sng rn san h Gonodactylus oerstedii bi Provenzano v Manning (1987); v
mt loi tm tt nh Heterosquilla tricarinata bi Greenwood and Williams (1971).
Trong 03 loi trn ch c nghin cu Hamano, Matsuura (1987) gii quyt hai vn
: To hang nhn to gi con ci trng v nui dng u trng bng cch s
dng Artemia vi cc kch c khc nhau.
nc ta, Tm tt c phn b ti cc vng bin Vit nam v l mt i tng hi
sn c gi tr kinh t c tiu th trong nc v th trng nc ngoi. Tuy nhin
hin nay sn lng tm tt ch yu l t khai thc t nhin thng l sn phm ph ca
khai thc c. Nhng nghin cu t trc y mi ch nh gi v mt phn b t
nhin, trong danh mc i tng hi sn vng bin Vit Nam. T nm 2010 n ny
c mt s nghin cu c im sinh hc v th nghim sinh sn nhn to tm tt,
bc u thnh cng trong vic tuyn chn tm t nhin v nui v thnh thc trong
b xi mng cho sinh sn nhn to. Cc ch tiu k thut nh cht lng tm b m, t
l thnh thc tm m, t l tham gia sinh sn, t l sng ca u trng u cha n
nh. Nh vy, ton b vn c vai tr quyt nh nht m bo xy dng quy
trnh cng ngh sn xut ging vn cha c sng t v cn tip tc nghin cu.
Qua tng kt cc nghin cu cho thy cha c nghin cu v sinh sinh sn nhn
to tm tt (Harpiosquilla harpax), cc nghin cu mi ch tp trung vo phn b,
c im sinh hc, sinh thi. Do vy tin ti cho sinh sn nhn to, iu cn thit
v bt u l phi nm c c im sinh hc sinh sn ca loi ny.

17

CHNG 2. PHNG PHP NGHIN CU

2.1. i tng, thi gian v a im
* i tng nghin cu
Loi Harpiosquilla harpax (de Haan, 1844)
Ging tm tt : Harpiosquilla
H tm b nga: Squillidae
B chn ming: Stomatopoda
Lp: Malacostraca
Tn ting Anh: Mantis shrimp
a im nghin cu:
Trm Nghin cu Thy sn Nc l phng Hi Thnh Dng Kinh Hi
Phng.
Thi gian nghin cu: Thng 3/2014 n 11/2014.

Hnh 2.1. nh tm Tt (Mu thu ngy 18/3/2014 ti sn Hi Phng)

18

2.2. Phng php nghin cu v cch b tr th nghim

2.2.1. S khi ni dung nghin cu
Nghin cu c im sinh hc sinh sn ca tm tt Harpiosquilla
harpax (de Haan, 1844) trong iu kin nui

Xc nh mt s c im sinh hc
sinh sn ca tm Tt

Cc giai
on
pht
trin
tuyn
sinh dc
tm tt
b m

H s
thnh
thc
Ma
v
sinh
sn
tm
tt

Th nghim nui pht dc tm Tt

b m

Sc
sinh sn
tuyt
i,
tng
i ca
tm tt

Sinh
trng
v t l
sng
tm tt
trong
iu
kin
nui

T l
thnh
thc
sinh
dc
tm
b m

T l

trng
T l
n, s
lng
u
trng
thu
c

NHN XT V KT LUN

2.2.2. Nghin cu c im sinh hc sinh sn tm tt trong iu kin nui

(1). Nghin cu sinh trng ca tm b m trong iu kin nui
n tm b m phi c nui thun dng trong b. K tha kt qu nghin
cu trc, tm b m phi c cc tiu chun nh: Tm b m c khi lng ln hn
70g/con, tuyn sinh dc giai on II.
Ngy 15/3/2014, nui 300 con tm b m (t l c ci 1:1) khi lng trung bnh
70,5 2,5 g/con. Tm b m c nh bt vng bin Ct B Hi Phng. Chuyn v
Trm Nghin cu Thy sn Nc l (Hi Thnh Dng Kinh Hi Phng).
Tm c thun dng v nui trong 3 b xi mng, din tch b: 4m x 4m x
1,2m. To hang bng ng nha 42mm, di 25- 30cm. 1/3 din tch y b c ph
ln ct mn dy 10 cm, tm tr n
19

Thc n: Mc ti, tht hu cho n 3 ln/ngy

Nc bin lc sch, kh trng (chlorine 30ppm) cp vo b qua h thng lc sinh
hc, nc chy tun hon.
Mt s ch tiu mi trng c theo di: nhit nc, hm lng xy ho tan
v pH c o mi ngy mt ln vo lc 8 gi sng.
nh k 15 ngy/ln thu mu xc nh tng trng tm nui.
Theo di sinh trng ca n tm, xc nh tc tng trng tng i, tuyt
i, xc nh t l sng ca n tm nui.
Xc nh chiu di (cm): Chiu di thn ca tm t mt chu n ht ui tm
c o bng thc c chnh xc 0,05 cm..
Xc nh khi lng tm (gam): Khi lng tm c xc nh bng cn c
chnh xc 0,01g.
(2). Nghin cu s pht trin tuyn sinh dc v qu trnh thnh thc ca tm tt
trong iu kin nui.
*Theo di qu trnh thnh thc sinh dc ca n tm nui
Tin hnh thu mu tuyn sinh dc ca n tm b m qua cc thng trong nm,
nh gi v t chc hc tuyn sinh dc, cc ch s v h s thnh thc, kch c thnh
thc, t l thnh thc, ma v sinh sn.
Xc nh h s thnh thc, ma v sinh sn v sc sinh sn
+ Xc nh h s thnh thc v ma v sinh sn.
Xc nh h s thnh thc: Xc nh h s thnh thc bng phng php thc
nghim quan st trn s lng mu thu ngu nhin trong thi gian nghin cu t thng
4 n thng 10 nm 2014. Hng thng mu c thu 1 ln vo ngy 15, s lng 10
mu/ln.
H s thnh thc c xc nh theo cng thc:
K(%) = WTSD/W(CT) x100%
Trong : K: H s thnh thc WTSD: Khi lng tuyn sinh dc WCT: Khi
lng c th
+ Xc nh sc sinh sn.
Xc nh sc sinh sn tuyt i: Xc nh sc sinh sn tuyt i bng cch thu
bung trng tm giai on IV, cn, c nh trong dung dch formol 10%, kh
trong khng kh n khi trng d dng tch ra khi bung trng v m. m s lng
trng trn 1 g/ trng sau nhn vi khi tng bung trng.

20

Sc sinh sn tuyt i: Tng s trng/tm m

Xc nh sc sinh sn tng i: Xc nh sc sinh sn tng i bng t s gia
sc sinh sn tuyt i v khi lng tm ci (s lng trng/kg hay s lng
trng/gr).
Sc sinh sn tng i c xc nh theo cng thc:
FT = Fa/W
Trong :

FT: Sc sinh sn tng i

Fa: Sc sinh sn tuyt i W: Khi lng tm ci (kg hay gr).

+ Xc nh sc sinh sn thc t
Sc sinh sn thc t c xc nh bng t s gia s lng trng c gi
trc ming ca tm ci v khi lng tm ci.
Sc sinh sn thc t c xc nh theo cng thc:
FTT = N/W
Trong :

FTT: Sc sinh sn thc t

N: S lng trng ca tng tm ci W: Khi lng tm ci (gr).

Nghin cu cc giai on pht trin non bo v bung trng tm tt
* Nghin cu t chc hc ca tuyn sinh dc
Qu trnh pht trin non bo v bung trng tm tt thng qua s thay i mu
sc, khi lng bng cch: nh k thu mu tuyn sinh dc ca tm 1 ln/thng, vi
s lng mu 20 con tr ln/ln.
Nghin cu s pht trin ca t bo trng:
Mi t thu 4- 5 tuyn sinh dc ci (bung trng). Bung trng v trng sau khi
thu c c nh trong dung dch Bouin vi cc thnh phn nh sau: 15 phn axit
pycric bo ho + 05 phn formalin 40% v 01 phn axit axetic 98%.
Mu c nh hnh trong dung dch c nh c th tch gp 5- 10 ln th tch
mu vi thi gian 24 gi sau ngm trong nc sch 1- 3 gi. Thay nc 2- 3 ln ri
chuyn vo cn 800. Mu sau khi c nh thi gian c tin hnh chun b tiu
bn theo phng php ca David E. Hilton (xem phn Ph lc)
2.2.3. Nghin cu th nghim nui pht dc tm tt b m
Nui pht dc tm tt b m trong h thng b nui c s dng h thng lc sinh
hc hon lu. Th tch b nui 16m3/b, s lng 06 b, mt nui 6 con/m2, thc n
s dc l mc tui (50%) hng trng (50%), hng ngy cho n 4 ln/ngy t l 1520% khi lng thn.

21

Nui pht dc trong thi gian 45 60 ngy, theo di qu trnh pht dc tm b

m, khi tm thnh tin hnh cho giao v, nh gi t l tham gia sinh sn, t l n Th
nghim cho sinh sn nhn to tm tt, theo di t l , t l n, s lng u trng thu
c qua cc ln sinh sn

Tm b m a vo nui v
(W= 92,2 2,6g/con; BL=19,5 0,5cm)

Mt 5 con/m2

Thc n Tht hu (50%)

mc ti (50%)

Nc lc sinh hc chy
tun hon

- Theo di t l thnh thc v t l tm giao v

- Theo di sc sinh sn thc t v t l n ca trng

- Th nghim c lp li 3 ln
- S lng tm/b: 10 con (W= 92,2 2,6 g/con; BL= 19,5 0,5cm)
- Nhit 27-30oC, mn: 28-30, pH: 7,8- 8,4; cng ch chm sc v qun l.

2.2.4. Phng php thu thp, phn tch v x l s liu

- Thu thp s liu th cp: Thu thp qua cc bo co khoa hc, ti liu lu tr
th vin, internet, i, bo, cc phng tin thng tin i chng v kinh nghim ca
cc chuyn gia.
- Thu thp s liu s cp: Thu qua nht k thc tp.
- Phng php x l s liu:
S dng phn mm MS Excel

22

CHNG 3. KT QU NGHIN CU V THO LUN

3.1. Nghin cu mt s c im sinh hc sinh sn tm tt trong iu kin nui
3.1.1. Phn bit gii tnh
Phn bit c ci theo hnh thi ngoi c ngha rt thc tin trong vic ch
ng chn tm b m tin hnh cc th nghim cho sinh sn. Kt qu quan st c
quan sinh sn ca tm tt c v ci chng ti nhn thy c s khc bit: tm c c
hai ng nh hnh ch V c nhim v ng dn tinh khi giao v vi tm ci. Hai ng ny
nm gc i chn b th 5 . Tm ci c l sinh dc m ra gc i chn 6, v c ti
tnh gn gc i chn 4.

Hnh nh tm tt c tri, tm tt ci phi

3.1.2. Cc giai on pht trin ca bung trng tm tt
Thng qua gii phu quan st tuyn sinh dc (TSD) tm c cu to l hai di
nm st v phn b u hai bn xng sng lng, TSD ko di t gip u ngc n
Telson.

Hnh 3.1. Hnh thi ngoi bung trng tm tt

23

Tuyn sinh dc tm ci c cu to hnh hai di gn sng, giai on u nh mnh

mu trong, giai on pht trin v sau c mu vng nht v m dn. Kch thc ca
bung trng tng dn theo cc giai on pht trin, giai on cui t bung trng t
khi lng v kch thc cc i, c mu vng m (hnh 3.1).
Kim tra trn knh hin vi tuyn sinh dc ca cc con ci, bung trng c phn
thnh su giai on. S pht trin ca bung trng khc nhau da theo kch thc,
mu sc ca n v quan st m hc (nhum tng ng cc thnh phn cu trc khc
nhau, a im v t chc vi trng v kch c ht nhn khc nhau).
Giai on I

Giai on II

Giai on III

Giai on V

Giai on IV

Giai on VI

Hnh 3.2. Cc giai on pht trin ca bung trng (A- F )

Giai on I (giai on cha trng thnh)
Bung trng mng, nh v r rng vi sc t en trn mng ngoi ca n.
Chiu di ca bung trng khong 6-7 cm v chiu rng khong 0,3-0,4 cm. Tuy
nhin, giai on ny, tt c cc con ci u c mu trng phn cu trc hnh tam
24

gic trung bnh ca Telson. Bung trng giai on ny bao gm hai thy. Cc
thy c gn vi nhau bng v gia m lin kt. Mi thy bung trng c cha
mt s lng ln cc t bo basophilic. Nhng t bo ny c th c phn bit d
vo kch thc ca chng. Mi t bo gonial trn xut hin vi mt ht nhn khng
r rng khi nhum vi hematoxylin v eosin (bt mu hematoxylin m (mu tm),
khng bt mu eosin (mu )).

Hnh 3.3. Giai on I (cha trng thnh).

OW: tng bung trng; FW: tng nang; CT: lin kt m; CV: thy bung
trng ca bung trng; GO: t bo gonial; CT: m lin kt; FC: cc t bo nang gia
cc t bo gonial.
Giai on II (giai on previtellogenesis)
Bung trng giai on ny c mu vng nht, chiu di khong 6-8 cm v
chiu rng 0,5-0,6 cm. Vch bung trng gim dn kch thc v xut hin cng vi
cc sc t en trn b mt ca n. Cc t bo nang c hnh bu dc. S lng ca n
nhiu ln so vi giai on trc v sp xp xung quanh t bo trng, to thnh v
bc c gi l nang v. T bo trng hnh thnh trong giai on ny c hnh a gic
ng knh khong 100 m v c phn bit thnh bn loi (u bt mu
hematoxylin m, khng bt mu eosin).
Loi 1: Non bo xut hin c kch thc nh, su vi s xut hin ca
basophilic v mt ht nhn gn trung tm.
Loi 2: Cc t bo ln hn, t basophilic v ht nhn ca n c phn lp d.

25

Loi 3: Cc t bo c kch thc ln hn cc t bo loi 2, t vt basophilic v

ht nhn vn cn hi lp d. Kim tra loi th ba ca trng cho thy phn ngoi vi
khng b nhim git du ngoi vi ca cc t bo.
Loi 4: Cc t bo xut hin ln hn v kch thc, m nht khi nhum
hematoxylin v ht nhn vn hi lp d. Trong mt s t bo ca loi 4, non hong
dn dn tng ln v kch thc v ly lan t ngoi vi vo khu vc trung tm ca t bo
trng. Cc git du khng nhim ngoi vi c tng v s lng v chim tt c cc
khu vc ngoi vi ca t bo.

Hnh 3.4. T bo trng loi 1

Hnh 3.5. T bo trng loi 2

FC:cc t bo nang; N: ht nhn; Nu: nucleolus

Hnh 3.6. T bo trng loi 3

Hnh 3.7. T bo trng loi 4

FC: cc t bo nang; N: ht nhn; Nu: nucleolus; YG: non hong

Giai on III (giai on vitellogenesis chnh)
Bung trng giai on ny tr nn su v c mu vng sng vi chiu di
khong 8-9 cm v chiu rng khong 0,7-0,8 cm. Vch bung trng tr nn mng hn.
26

T bo trng xut hin ln hn vi ng knh khong 150 m nhng ht nhn li nh

hn vi ng knh khong 25 m. giai on ny, t bo trng c dng hnh cu do
s tch t ca non hong. T bo trng hnh thnh tng nang. Non bo bt mu ca
eosin m, mu hematoxylin nht dn.

Hnh 3.8. T bo trng c bao quanh bi v mu m hon chnh ca t bo nang

Giai on IV (giai on vitellogenesis th cp)
Bung trng giai on ny c mu da cam, chiu di khong 8-10 cm v
chiu rng khong 1-1,2 cm (Hnh 3.2D). Giai on sinh dc ny c c trng bi
s phong ph ca t bo trng trng thnh th cp vi mt s lng ln cc non
hong (Hnh 3.9). T bo trng c bao quanh bi v bc ca cc t bo nang
phng xung quanh.

Hnh 3.9. Giai on IV ca trng.

T bo trng (VO) c bao quanh bi cc t bo nang phng (FC); YM: non
hong; N: ht nhn.

27

Giai on V (giai on trng thnh)

Bung trng giai on ny tr nn su v c mu da cam m vi chiu di
khong 9-10 cm,chiu rng l khong 1,2-2 cm v chim khong hn 50% ca bng.
Cu trc m hc ca bung trng giai on ny cho thy thy bung trng ln v
vch mng hn so vi giai on trc .
T bo trng trng thnh giai on ny c trng bi kch thc ln, t
khong 425m. Cc mng nhn ca t bo trng trng thnh tr nn khng r rng.
Vo cui giai on ny, mt s lng ln cc cht dch bao quanh t bo trng nh
mt lng ngoi bo. Bt mu eosin hon ton.

Hnh 3.10. Bung trng giai on V.

T bo trng trng thnh (MO) c bao quanh bi cc t bo nang (FC); Lu
: S hin din ca cht dch (FyM).
Giai on VI (giai on thoi ha)
Bung trng ca con ci giai on ny c mu trong c c chiu di khong
9-10 cm v khong 1,5-2 cm chiu rng (Hnh 3.2F). Kim tra m hc ca bung
trng giai on ny thy rng vch bung trng tng tr li. Trong cc bung
trng thoi ha sm, mt s trng trng thnh vn cn tn ti trong bung trng.
Vo cui giai on, s lng ln cc t bo thc bo xut hin nhiu chim
nang bung trng.

28

Hnh 3.11. Giai on VI ca bung trng

M lin kt (CT), cc t bo nang (FC) v sc t (PG) trong vch bung trng
bn ngoi (OW).
3.1.3. Xc nh h s thnh thc v ma v sinh sn ca tm tt
Kt qu nghin cu h s thnh thc ca tm tt c tp hp trong bng trn
cho thy h s thnh thc ca tm tt c xu hng tng dn t thng 4 n thng 7, sau
gim dn n thng 10. T thng 4 n thng 7, h s thnh thc tng nhanh t
0,55% n 2,33%. Thng 8 l 1,25% v gim 1,08% trong thng 9. Thng 10 h s
thnh thc gim xung ch cn 0,65%.
Bng 3.1. H s thnh thc ca tm tt qua cc thng
Thng

Khi lng tm
(g)

H s thnh thc (%)

75,33 0,66

2,55

80,25 0,82

3,24

91,23 0,94

13,41

98,39 0,82

12,46

102,57 0,82

7,15

105,46 0,63

4,08

10

1084,56 0,72

2,25

29

Kt qu nghin cu h s thnh thc v ma v sinh sn ta thy chng c s

tng quan mt thit vi nhau. Tm bt u vo thng 5, r vo thng 6,7, h s
thnh thc ca tm tng mnh thng 6,7, cao nht vo thng 7 (13,41%) v gim dn
t thng 9,10.
3.1.4. Sc sinh sn ca tm tt trong iu kin nui.
Sc sinh sn ca mi loi biu hin s tn vong ca loi v s thch nghi ca loi
i vi iu kin sinh sn. iu kin sinh sn bao gm cc bin ng mi trng, dinh
dng, c nhng iu kin sng st v pht trin ca trng, u trng sau ny, bao gm
s bin i ca ch thu vn, c bit l iu kin dinh dng v s chn p ca
vt d (Mai nh Yn v ctv, 1979).
Kt qu nghin cu 62 bung trng tm giai on IV (mu bung trng vng
sm, ht trng cng trn, kch thc ht trng kh ln) thun tin cho vic m s
lng trng ca tng tm ci. Dn liu ny c tp hp ti bng 4.2
Bng 3.2. Sc sinh sn ca tm tt trong cc t th nghim
t

S con

S. Tuyt i (Trng/1

S. Tng i

c th ci)

(Trng/gam tm ci)

12

102.200 34,98

917,01 3,53

12

103.300 37,77

912,26 3,51

15

105.300 42,30

904,76 3,65

12

85.600 33,40

833,78 3,47

11

85.600 35,02

822,22 3,50

Trung bnh

62

94.380 35,02

828,25 3,50

Kt qu ti bng trn cho thy sc sinh sn tuyt i ca tm tt dao ng t

85.600- 105.300 trng/mt c th tm ci, trung bnh l 94.380 trng/c th.
+ Xc nh sc sinh sn thc t ca tm tt
Sc sinh sn thc t c xc nh bng t s gia s trng c tm ci gi ti
chn bi v khi lng ca chng. Kt qu nghin cu v sc sinh sn thc t ca tm
tt c tp hp ti bng 3.3

30

Bng 3.3. Khi lng v s lng trng ca tm tt nui trong b

STT

Khi lng c th (g)

S lng trng
(trng/tm ci)

99,50

84.000

102,00

85.000

109,00

94.000

109,00

95.000

99,00

84.000

99,20

97.000

95,98

74.000

95,27

80.000

99,70

84.000

10

99,80

88.000

11

104,75

84.000

12

114,92

89.000

13

112,25

94.000

14

103,00

85.000

15

100,50

84.000

16

109,50

85.000

17

103,00

85.000

18

104,00

86.000

Trung bnh

102,00

85.200

3.2. Kt qu th nghim cho sinh sn nhn to tm tt

3.2.1. Theo di sinh trng tm tt trong iu kin nui
3.2.1.1. Mt s ch tiu mi trng b nui tm tt b m
Trong iu kin b nui, chng ti s dng ngun nc bin c lng lc v
x l ha cht tiu dit cc mm bnh trc khi tin hnh cp vo b nui. Cc ch tiu
mi trng c theo di: nhit nc, hm lng xy ho tan v pH c o mi
ngy mt ln vo lc 8 gi sng, kt qu c tp hp ti bng 3.4

31

Bng 3.4. Mt s yu t mi trng b nui tm tt (nm 2014)

xy
(mg/l)

pH

kim
(mg/l)

mn
(ppt)

T4

Nhit
nc
( t)
25,5 0,5

5,2 0,3

7,9 - 8,2

115 2,3

28 0,5

T5

26,3 0,5

5,2 0,2

7,9 - 8,2

116 2,1

29 0,2

T6

27,6 0,6

5,2 0,1

7,9 - 8,2

115 2,2

30 0,1

T7

30,7 0,7

5,2 0,1

7,9 - 8,2

115 2,1

29 0,2

T8

29,4 0,6

5,3 0,1

7,9 - 8,2

113 2,1

28 0,5

T9

28,8 0,7

5,2 0,1

7,9 - 8,2

112 2,0

30 0,1

T10

28,3 0,6

5,4 0,1

7,9 - 8,2

113 1,5

30 0,1

Trung bnh

28,2 1,2

5,2 0,1

7,9 - 8,2

110 2,2

29 0,9

Thng

S liu t bng 3.4. cho thy: Nhit trung bnh trong thi gian th nghim
28,2C. Nhit trung bnh thp nht trong t th nghim l thng 4: 25,50C, cao nht
l thng 7: 30,70C. S dao ng v nhit trong c t th nghim tng i ln
nhng trong khong cho php tm sinh trng, sinh sn tng t nh tm sng trong
t nhin. Hm lng xy ho tan dao ng t 4,1- 5,4 mg/l. pH dao ng trong
khong 7,2- 8,2 mi trng trung tnh. pH t 7,8- 8,2 l pH thch hp tm sinh
trng v pht trin.
Nh vy trong sut qu trnh th nghim cc ch s mi trng b nui tm ca
chng ti m bo cho tm sinh trng v pht trin bnh thng.
3.2.1.2. Sinh trng v t l sng ca n tm b m trong iu kin nui
Tm tt c nui trong b xc nh sinh trng v theo di qu trnh thnh
thc sinh dc trong iu kin nhn to lm c s khoa hc cho vic tin hnh sn xut
ging nhn to.
Kt qu theo di tng trng ca tm tt nui trong b c th hin qua bng
3.5. Kt qu theo di sinh trng theo khi lng ca n tm sau 6 thng nui t
khi lng trung bnh 102 32,22 g v 18,1 1,05 cm chiu di.

32

Bng 3.5. Tng trng v t l sng n tm nui

Cc thng s

Gi tr trung bnh SD

Lt ban u th nghim (cm)

15,2 1,0

Lt sau 6 thng (cm)

19,4 1,25

ADG (cm/ngy)

0,047 0,002

W ban u (gr)

70,5 2,20

W sau 6 thng (gr)

102,2 2,52

ADG (gr/ngy)

0,18 0,002

T l sng (%)

85,55

3.2.2. Kt qu nui pht dc tm tt b m

3.2.2.1. T l thnh thc ca tm tt b m
Kt qu nghin cu v t l thnh thc ca tm tt cho thy t l tm ci v
m trng trong thng 4 l 11,11%, thng 5 s lng tm v m trng 20,0%. n
thng 6, s lng tm ci tham gia , m trng chim t l 38,9%. Trong thng 7,
tm ci v m trng tng cao v t t l 66,7%. Thng 10, s lng tm ci t
vi t l 7,78%.
Bng 3.6. T l thnh thc tm tt qua cc thng
Thng

S lng mu thu
(con)

S lng tm m
trng (con)

T l thnh thc
(%)

T4

90

10

11,11

T5

90

18

20,00

T6

90

35

38,90

T7

90

43

47,77

T8

90

22

24,44

T9

90

10

11,11

T10

90

7,78

Kt qu bc u thu c trn y cho php chng ti nhn nh: Tm bt u

t thng 4, chng r vo thng 6 v thng 7. Tuy nhin thng 9 v thng 10
chng ti vn thu c tm ci m trng, do vy trong iu kin nui ma v sinh sn
ca tm ko di t thng 4 n thng 10.

33

Bng 3.7. Kt qu nui pht dc tm tt b m

t 1

Ch tiu

t 2

Khi lng tm m (g/con)

(3-5/2014)
98,03 5,2

(5-6/2014)
98,75 5,5

T l thnh thc (%)

73,5 5,6

72,2 4,5

T l giao v (%)

71,1 5,2

70,6 8,4

Kt qu cho thy, t l thnh thc tm tt trong 03 t th nghim trong iu

kin nui t trn 70%. Bung trng giai on IV, trng mu vng m chy dc c
th tm m, cc ht trng dnh cht vo nhau.
3.2.2.2. Kt qu cho tm tt sinh sn
Bng 3.8. Kt qu cho sinh sn nhn to tm tt
Thng/Nm

(6/2014)

(8/2014)

30 con

30 con

20

18

66,67

60

Thi gian p trng (ngy)

S bung trng n

14

12

1370.000

970.000

90.700

80.800

S tm m cho
S tm trng
T l (%)

Tng s u trng thu c

Trung bnh s u trng/ tm m

34

CHNG 4. KT LUN V XUT

4.1. Kt lun
*c im sinh hc sinh sn tm tt trong iu kin nui
- Trong iu kin nui h s thnh thc cao nht vo thng 6,7, thi im sinh
sn ko di t thng 4 n thng 8. Kch c tm thnh thc 15 20cm, khi lng 80
120g
- Qu trnh pht trin tuyn sinh dc tm c v ci u tri qua 5 giai on.
- Sc sinh sn tm tt t 80.000 120.000 trng/con m
* Th nghim nui pht dc tm tt b m
- T ngun tm tt nh bt t t nhin c th nui trong iu kin nhn to
mn 28 -30ppt, pH: 7,8 8,2, nhit 26 -320C
- Tc tng trng bnh qun theo ngy t 0,018 g/ngy, t l sng t
trn 80%.
- Tm thnh thc v tham gia sinh sn trong iu kin nui trong b c mn
28 - 30ppt, thc n l c k c, tht hu v mc
- T l thnh thc trong iu kin nui t 70-80%.
4.2. xut
Cn phi c cc nghin cu tip theo v cc giai on pht trin ca u trng,
nghin cu thc n v cc bin php chm sc ng nui u trng.

35

TI LIU THAM KHO

Ti liu tham kho ting Vit
1. B Thy sn, 2003. Mt s loi gip xc thng gp Vit Nam. Trung tm tin
hc H Ni, 2003.
2. Nguyn Vn Chung, Phm Th D, 1995. Danh mc tm bin Vit Nam. Nh xut
bn Khoa hc k thut
3. L Vn Ct , Th Hng Nhung v Ng Ngc Ct, 2006. Nc nui thy sn
cht lng v gii php ci thin cht lng. Nh xut bn Khoa hc v k thut
H Ni.
4. Trng Quc Thi v Lng Th Bch o (2010). Bc u nghin cu mt s
c im sinh hc v th nghim nui v thnh thc tm tt (Harpiosquilla
harpax). Bo co tng kt ti cp c s, Vin nghin cu Nui trng thy sn
III, 30 trang.
5. V Vn In, 2012. Nghin cu ng dng cng ngh sinh hc trong sn xut tm
chn trng b m sch bnh SPF. Bo co tng kt ti cp Nh nc.
6. Th Thanh Hng v Nguyn Vn T. 2010. Mt s vn v sinh l c v
gip xc. Nh xut bn Nng Nghip. 152 trang.
7. V Thnh Ton., Hunh Th Trc Ly, 2010. Bin ng thnh phn loi tm cc
tuyn sng chnh ca tnh Bc Liu
8. Dng Thy Yn, Nguyn Anh Tun v L Vn Khnh, 2004. Th nghim nui
tm s (Penaeus monodon) mn thp. Tp ch khoa hc Dai hc Cn Th.
Chuyn nghnh Thy sn. Trang 318-328.
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(Mcrobrachium rosenbergii) trong ao t vi mt khc nhau tnh Vnh Long.
Lun vn thc s khoa hc - HCT.
10. Nguyn Vn Chung, ng Ngc Thanh, Phm Th D. 2000. ng vt ch Vit
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Ahyong, S.T., T.Y. Chan and Y.J. Liao, 2008. A catalog of the mantis shrimp

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Cadwell, R.L., H. Dingle. 1976. Stomatopods. Scientific American, Vol. 19, no.

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D.E.

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Drury, R.A.B. and E.A. Wallington. 1967. Carletons histological technique.

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10. Dingle, H. and R.L.Caldwell, 1972. Reproductive and maternal behavior of the
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22. Manning, R.B. 1999. The living marine resources of the Western central
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27. Mller. H.G, 1994. World catalogue and bibliography oh the recent stomatopoda
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22(4):728-742 Encyclopedia of creation science.
Ti liu tham kho in t
1. www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stomatopoda www.blueboard.com/mantis/index.htm
www.crustacea.net/crustacea
2.www.hk-fish.net/eng/database/mantis/details/Harpiosquilla_harpax.htm,
www.ilib.cn/A-zgsckx200003013.html.
www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=331 532
3.www.kiengiang.gov.vn/index2.jsp?menuId=274&articleId=11012
www.sealifebase.org/.The Luckers guild to Stomatopods.
4. wwww. creationwiki.org/Mantis_shrimp
5. www.bluebord.com.mantis

40

PH LC
Ph lc 1: S liu theo di sinh trng tm Tt b m
1 Sinh trng tm nui trong b
Ngy

Ngy 15/4/14

Ngy 30/4/14

Ngy 1/5/14

Ngy 15/5/14

S mu

L (cm)

W (g)

L (cm)

W (g)

L (cm)

W (g)

L (cm)

W (g)

16,5

70,2

16,8

72,3

17,3

74,8

17,7

78,1

16,7

71,2

17,0

73,3

17,5

75,9

17,9

79,2

16,8

71,2

17,1

73,3

17,7

75,9

18,1

79,2

16,8

71,3

17,1

73,4

17,7

76,0

18,1

79,3

16,9

70,3

17,2

72,4

17,8

74,9

18,2

78,2

16,6

70,3

16,9

72,4

17,4

74,9

17,8

78,2

16,6

70,5

16,9

72,6

17,4

75,2

17,8

78,4

16,6

72,0

16,9

74,2

17,4

76,8

17,8

80,1

16,5

71,0

16,8

73,1

17,3

75,7

17,7

78,9

10

16,5

71,2

16,8

73,3

17,3

75,9

17,7

79,2

11

16,5

73,2

16,8

75,4

17,3

78,0

17,7

81,4

12

16,5

70,2

16,8

72,3

17,3

74,8

17,7

78,1

13

16,5

70,2

16,8

72,3

17,3

74,8

17,7

78,1

14

16,5

70,4

16,8

72,5

17,3

75,0

17,7

78,3

15

16,5

70,4

16,8

72,5

17,3

75,0

17,7

78,3

16

16,5

71,0

16,8

73,1

17,3

75,7

17,7

78,9

17

16,5

71,0

16,8

73,1

17,3

75,7

17,7

78,9

18

16,5

71,5

16,8

73,6

17,3

76,2

17,7

79,5

19

16,5

72,0

16,8

74,2

17,3

76,8

17,7

80,1

20

16,6

72,0

16,9

74,2

17,4

76,8

17,8

80,1

21

16,5

72,0

16,8

74,2

17,3

76,8

17,7

80,1

22

16,7

72,3

17,0

74,5

17,5

77,1

17,9

80,4

23

16,7

72,0

17,0

74,2

17,5

76,8

17,9

80,1

24

16,4

72,0

16,7

74,2

17,2

76,8

17,6

80,1

25

16,5

72,0

16,8

74,2

17,3

76,8

17,7

80,1

26

16,5

71,2

16,8

73,3

17,3

75,9

17,7

79,2

27

16,7

73,0

17,0

75,2

17,5

77,8

17,9

81,2

28

16,8

73,0

17,1

75,2

17,7

77,8

18,1

81,2

29

17,1

72,0

17,4

74,2

18,0

76,8

18,4

80,1

30

17,2

72,0

17,5

74,2

18,1

76,8

18,5

80,1

41

2. Sinh trng tm nui trong b (tip theo)

Ngy

Ngy 30/5/14

Ngy 15/6/14

Ngy 30/6/14

Ngy 1/7/14

S mu

L (cm)

W (g)

L (cm)

W (g)

L (cm)

W (g)

L (cm)

W (g)

18,2

80,8

18,5

83,8

18,9

87,1

19,3

90,6

18,4

81,9

18,8

85,0

19,1

88,4

19,5

91,9

18,5

81,9

18,9

85,0

19,3

88,4

19,6

91,9

18,5

82,1

18,9

85,1

19,3

88,5

19,6

92,0

18,6

80,9

19,0

83,9

19,4

87,3

19,8

90,7

18,3

80,9

18,7

83,9

19,0

87,3

19,4

90,7

18,3

81,1

18,7

84,1

19,0

87,5

19,4

91,0

18,3

82,9

18,7

85,9

19,0

89,4

19,4

92,9

18,2

82,9

18,5

85,9

18,9

89,4

19,3

92,9

10

18,4

83,2

18,8

86,3

19,1

89,7

19,5

93,3

11

18,4

82,9

18,8

85,9

19,1

89,4

19,5

92,9

12

18,1

82,9

18,4

85,9

18,8

89,4

19,2

92,9

13

18,2

82,9

18,5

85,9

18,9

89,4

19,3

92,9

14

18,2

81,9

18,5

85,0

18,9

88,4

19,3

91,9

15

18,4

84,0

18,8

87,1

19,1

90,6

19,5

94,2

16

18,2

81,7

18,5

84,7

18,9

88,1

19,3

91,6

17

18,2

81,7

18,5

84,7

18,9

88,1

19,3

91,6

18

18,2

82,3

18,5

85,3

18,9

88,7

19,3

92,3

19

18,2

82,9

18,5

85,9

18,9

89,4

19,3

92,9

20

18,3

82,9

18,7

85,9

19,0

89,4

19,4

92,9

21

18,2

82,9

18,5

85,9

18,9

89,4

19,3

92,9

22

18,2

81,9

18,5

85,0

18,9

88,4

19,3

91,9

23

18,4

84,0

18,8

87,1

19,1

90,6

19,5

94,2

24

18,2

81,7

18,5

84,7

18,9

88,1

19,3

91,6

25

18,2

81,7

18,5

84,7

18,9

88,1

19,3

91,6

26

18,2

82,3

18,5

85,3

18,9

88,7

19,3

92,3

27

18,2

82,9

18,5

85,9

18,9

89,4

19,3

92,9

28

18,3

82,9

18,7

85,9

19,0

89,4

19,4

92,9

29

18,2

82,9

18,5

85,9

18,9

89,4

19,3

92,9

30

18,4

83,2

18,8

86,3

19,1

89,7

19,5

93,3

42

3. Sinh trng tm nui trong b (tip theo)

Ngy

Ngy 30/7/14

Ngy 1/8/14

Ngy 30/8/14

Ngy 1/9/14

S mu

L (cm)

W (g)

L (cm)

W (g)

L (cm)

W (g)

L (cm)

W (g)

19,3

94,2

19,5

97,3

19,7

100,3

20,7

103,5

19,5

95,6

19,7

98,7

19,9

101,7

20,9

104,9

19,6

95,6

19,8

98,7

20,0

101,7

21,0

104,9

19,6

95,7

19,8

98,9

20,0

101,8

21,0

105,1

19,8

94,4

20,0

97,5

20,2

100,4

21,2

103,6

19,5

97,1

19,7

100,3

19,9

103,3

20,9

106,6

19,5

96,7

19,7

99,8

19,9

102,8

20,9

106,1

19,2

96,7

19,4

99,8

19,6

102,8

20,5

106,1

19,3

96,7

19,5

99,8

19,7

102,8

20,7

106,1

10

19,3

95,6

19,5

98,7

19,7

101,7

20,7

104,9

11

19,5

98,0

19,7

101,2

19,9

104,3

20,9

107,6

12

19,6

98,0

19,8

101,2

20,0

104,3

21,0

107,6

13

20,0

96,7

20,2

99,8

20,4

102,8

21,4

106,1

14

20,1

96,7

20,3

99,8

20,5

102,8

21,5

106,1

15

19,3

94,5

19,5

97,6

19,7

100,6

20,7

103,8

16

19,3

95,3

19,5

98,5

19,7

101,4

20,7

104,7

17

19,3

95,3

19,5

98,5

19,7

101,4

20,7

104,7

18

19,3

96,0

19,5

99,1

19,7

102,1

20,7

105,4

19

19,3

96,7

19,5

99,8

19,7

102,8

20,7

106,1

20

19,4

96,7

19,6

99,8

19,8

102,8

20,8

106,1

21

19,3

96,7

19,5

99,8

19,7

102,8

20,7

106,1

22

19,5

97,1

19,7

100,3

19,9

103,3

20,9

106,6

23

19,5

96,7

19,7

99,8

19,9

102,8

20,9

106,1

24

19,2

96,7

19,4

99,8

19,6

102,8

20,5

106,1

25

19,3

96,7

19,5

99,8

19,7

102,8

20,7

106,1

26

19,3

96,7

19,5

99,8

19,7

102,8

20,7

106,1

27

19,3

95,6

19,5

98,7

19,7

101,7

20,7

104,9

28

19,5

98,0

19,7

101,2

19,9

104,3

20,9

107,6

29

19,6

98,0

19,8

101,2

20,0

104,3

21,0

107,6

30

20,0

96,7

20,2

99,8

20,4

102,8

21,4

106,1

43

4. Sinh trng tm nui trong b (tip theo)

Ngy

30/9/14

1/10/2014

30/10/14

S mu

L (cm)

W (g)

L (cm)

W (g)

L (cm)

W (g)

19,3

94,2

19,5

97,3

19,7

100,3

19,5

95,6

19,7

98,7

19,9

101,7

19,6

95,6

19,8

98,7

20,0

101,7

19,6

95,7

19,8

98,9

20,0

101,8

19,8

94,4

20,0

97,5

20,2

100,4

19,4

94,4

19,6

97,5

19,8

100,4

19,4

94,6

19,6

97,8

19,8

100,7

19,4

96,7

19,6

99,8

19,8

102,8

19,3

95,3

19,5

98,5

19,7

101,4

10

19,3

95,6

19,5

98,7

19,7

101,7

11

19,3

98,3

19,5

101,5

19,7

104,6

12

19,3

94,2

19,5

97,3

19,7

100,3

13

19,3

94,2

19,5

97,3

19,7

100,3

14

19,3

94,5

19,5

97,6

19,7

100,6

15

19,8

94,4

20,0

97,5

20,2

100,4

16

19,4

94,4

19,6

97,5

19,8

100,4

17

19,4

94,6

19,6

97,8

19,8

100,7

18

19,4

96,7

19,6

99,8

19,8

102,8

19

19,3

95,3

19,5

98,5

19,7

101,4

20

19,3

95,6

19,5

98,7

19,7

101,7

21

19,6

95,7

19,8

98,9

20,0

101,8

22

19,8

94,4

20,0

97,5

20,2

100,4

23

19,3

95,6

19,5

98,7

19,7

101,7

24

19,3

98,3

19,5

101,5

19,7

104,6

25

19,3

94,2

19,5

97,3

19,7

100,3

26

19,3

94,2

19,5

97,3

19,7

100,3

27

19,3

94,5

19,5

97,6

19,7

100,6

28

19,8

94,4

20,0

97,5

20,2

100,4

29

19,4

94,4

19,6

97,5

19,8

100,4

30

20,1

96,7

20,3

99,8

20,5

102,8

44

Ph lc 2. H s thnh thc ca tm tt
Thng 4/2014
Mu

Khi lng tm (g)

Khi lng TSD (g)

H s thnh thc (%)

75,5

0,96

1,27

76,5

1,20

1,57

76,0

1,29

1,70

75,8

1,12

1,48

76,2

1,02

1,34

76,5

1,29

1,69

77,0

1,26

1,64

75,8

1,23

1,62

75,5

1,22

1,62

10

75,5

1,12

1,48

Mu

Khi lng tm (g)

Khi lng TSD (g)

H s thnh thc (%)

79,2

4,04

5,10

81,2

4,08

5,02

81,5

4,24

5,20

80,0

3,84

4,80

80,0

4,08

5,10

82,0

4,20

5,12

81,6

4,04

4,95

81,0

4,00

4,94

82,0

4,00

4,88

10

80,0

4,12

5,15

Mu
1

Khi lng tm (g)

91,2

Khi lng TSD (g)

10,20

H s thnh thc (%)

11,18

90,2

11,20

12,42

92,4

11,20

12,12

92,0

10,20

11,09

91,0

10,20

11,21

93,4

10,50

11,24

92,0

11,20

12,17

90,4

11,20

12,39

90,0

13,40

14,89

10

91,0

13,45

14,78

Thng 5/2014

Thng 6/2014

45

Thng 7/2014
Mu

Khi lng tm (g)

Khi lng TSD (g)

H s thnh thc (%)

98,8

10,20

10,32

99,2

11,20

11,29

99,2

11,20

11,29

98,2

10,20

10,39

98,2

10,20

10,39

98,4

10,50

10,67

99,0

11,20

11,31

97,0

11,20

11,55

99,0

13,40

13,54

10

97,0

13,45

13,87

Mu

Khi lng tm (g)

Khi lng TSD (g)

H s thnh thc (%)

102,0

6,77

6,64

101,0

5,60

5,54

103,0

5,60

5,44

102,0

5,10

5,00

104,0

5,10

4,90

102,0

9,22

9,04

103,0

9,88

9,59

103,0

9,55

9,27

102,0

9,22

9,04

10

102,0

6,73

6,59

Mu

Khi lng tm (g)

Khi lng TSD (g)

H s thnh thc (%)

105,0

4,27

4,07

107,0

4,67

4,36

105,0

4,47

4,26

106,0

4,59

4,33

106,0

4,59

4,33

106,0

4,43

4,18

106,0

4,47

4,22

105,0

4,83

4,60

105,0

4,67

4,45

10

106,0

4,67

4,40

Thng 8/2014

Thng 9/2014

46

Thng 10/2014
Mu

Khi lng tm (g)

Khi lng TSD (g)

H s thnh thc (%)

109,0

2,34

2,15

108,0

2,31

2,14

107,0

2,31

2,16

109,0

2,33

2,14

110,0

3,44

3,13

108,0

2,01

1,86

109,0

2,44

2,24

109,0

4,22

3,87

108,0

3,22

2,98

10

108,0

1,98

1,83

47

Ph lc 3. Sc sinh sn tm tt
t 1(10/6/2014): Theo di sc sinh sn tuyt i ca tm tt
Mu Khi lng tm m (g) S. Tng i (Trng/1

S. Tuyt i (Trng/g tm

c th)

ci)

102

92000

902,0

102

95000

931,4

102

92000

902,0

105

81000

771,4

102

84000

823,5

101

91000

901,0

105

101000

961,9

107

96000

897,2

105

101000

961,9

10

102

98000

960,8

11

102

102000

1000,0

12

105

105000

1000,0

t 2 (5/7/2014): Theo di sc sinh sn tuyt i ca tm tt

Mu

Khi lng tm m (g) S. Tng i (Trng/1 c S. Tuyt i (Trng/g

th)

tm ci)

100

92000

920,0

99

95000

959,6

102

92000

902,0

101

96000

950,5

102

96000

941,2

101

92000

910,9

99

93000

939,4

102

83000

813,7

102

87000

852,9

10

105

97000

923,8

11

108

103000

953,7

12

105

93000

885,7

48

t 2 (12/8/2014): Theo di sc sinh sn tuyt i ca tm tt

Mu

Khi lng tm m (g)

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15

100
102
102
101
102
102,6
103,2
103,8
104,4
105
105,6
106,2
106,8
102
108

S. Tng i
(Trng/1 c th)
92000
95000
92000
96000
96000
92000
93000
88000
98000
96000
97000
94000
95000
92000
91000

S. Tuyt i
(Trng/g tm ci)
920,0
931,4
902,0
950,5
941,2
896,7
901,2
847,8
938,7
914,3
918,6
885,1
889,5
902,0
842,6

Thu mu sc sinh sn thc t, t 1, 18/6/2014

STT
1
2
3
4
5

Wct(g)
102,3
101,2
99,5
103,0
102,2

SL(trng)
88000
82000
86000
85000
91000

Thu mu sc sinh sn thc t, t 2, 12/7/2014

STT
1
2
3
4
5

Wct(g)
100,4
101,5
102,2
103,0
102,1

SL(trng)
83000
81000
82000
95000
96000

Thu mu sc sinh sn thc t, t 3, 18/8/2008

STT

Wct(g)

SL(trng)

101,6

86000

103,5

83000

102,2

87000

103,0

95000

102,5

91000

105,2

82000

102,7

87000

49

Ph lc 4. Mi trng b nui
Mi trng b nui tm tt t thng 4-10/2014
Ngy

Nhit nc

xy (mg/l)

pH

23

5.1

7.6

2/4

24.8

5.2

7.7

24.8

5.1

7.8

4/4

24.5

5.2

7.9

5/4

22

5.1

7.9

6/4. CN

22.5

5.5

8.2

7/4

23

5.1

8.2

8/4

23.5

5.1

7.9

9/4

23.5

5.5

7.6

10/4

23.5

5.1

7.6

11/4

23

5.1

8.2

12/4

23.5

5.5

8.2

13/4. CN

23.5

5.5

7.9

14/4

24

5.2

7.9

15/4

25.5

5.2

8.2

16/4

24.8

5.2

8.2

17/4

26.5

5.3

7.8

18/4

26.5

5.3

8.2

19/4

26

5.4

8.3

20/4. CN

25.5

5.3

7.9

21/4

23.5

5.4

22/4

23.5

5.5

8.1

23/4

24

5.2

8.1

24/4

26

5.3

7.7

25/4

26.5

5.5

7.9

26/4

25.5

4.5

7.3

27/4. CN

24

5.0

7.8

28/4

22.5

5.0

8.2

29/4

21.5

5.0

8.2

30/4

21.5

5.0

8.2

50

Mi trng b nui tm tt, Thng 5/2008

Ngy

Nhit nc

xy (mg/l)

pH

1/5

26.5

5.4

7.9

25/

26.5

5.5

7.9

3/5

26.5

5.2

7.9

4/5. CN

28.5

5.3

7.9

5/5

28.5

5.5

7.9

6/5

28.5

5.5

7.8

7/5

28,5

5.0

8.0

8/5

26.5

5.4

7.9

9/5

27.5

5.5

7.8

10/5

28.5

5.2

8.0

11/5. CN

28

5.3

7.8

12/5

28.5

5.5

8.0

13/5

28.2

5.2

7.9

14/5

28.5

5.3

7.9

15/5

28.5

5.5

7.9

16/5

28.5

5.5

7.9

17/5

28.5

5.0

7.9

18/5. CN

28.5

5.4

7.8

19/5

28

5.5

7.8

20/5

28.5

5.2

7.9

21/5

28.2

5.5

7.9

22/5

28.5

5.2

7.9

23/5

28.5

5.3

7.9

24/5

28.5

5.5

7.9

25/5. CN

28

5.5

7.8

26/5

28.5

5.0

8.0

27/5

28.2

5.4

7.9

28/5

28.5

5.5

7.8

29/5

30.5

5.5

8.0

30/5

31.5

6.0

7.8

31/5

31.5

6.0

8.0

51

Mi trng b nui tm tt, Thng 6/2014

Nhit nc

xy (mg/l)

pH

2/6

30.5

5.2

8.0

3/6

28.5

5.5

7.8

4/6

28.5

5.2

8.0

5/6

29.5

5.3

7.9

6/6

29,5

5.5

7.9

7/6

29,5

5.2

7.9

8/6. CN

30.5

5.5

7.9

9/6

28.5

5.2

7.9

10/6

28.5

5.3

7.8

11/6

29.5

5.5

7.8

12/6

29,5

5.5

7.9

13/6

29,5

5.5

8.0

14/6

30.5

5.5

7.8

15/6. CN

28.5

8.0

16/6

28.5

5.5

8.0

17/6

29.5

8.0

18/6

29,5

8.0

19/6

29,5

4.5

8.0

20/6

29.5

8.0

21/6

30.5

8.0

22/6. CN

31

5.5

8.0

23/6

31.5

8.0

24/6

31.5

5.5

8.0

25/6

29.5

5.5

8.0

26/6

29.5

5,6

8.0

27/6

30.5

5.5

7.8

28/6

30.5

5.6

7.9

29/6. CN

31

65.

7.8

30/6

31.5

5.5

7.9

TB

30.8

5.1

7.9

Ngy
1/6. CN

52

Mi trng b nui tm tt, Thng 7/2014

Ngy

Nhit nc

xy (mg/l)

pH

1/7

31

5.8

8.0

2/7

31

5.6

8.0

3/7

30.5

5.5

7.9

4/7

30.5

7.9

5/7
6/7. CN

32
31

5.5
5.5

7.9
7.9

7/7

31.5

5.5

7.8

8/7

32

7.9

9/7

31

6.2

7.9

10/7

31.5

8.0

11/7

32

5.5

7.9

12/7

33

5.5

7.9

13/7.CN

30.5

5.5

7.9

14/7

32

7.9

15/7

31.5

6.2

7.8

16/7

31

7.9

17/7

30.5

5.5

7.9

18/7

31.5

8.0

19/7

31

5.8

20/7. CN

30.5

5.6

21/7

31

5.5

8.0

22/7

31.5

23/7

31.5

5.5

24/7

32

5.5

7.9

25/7

31

5.5

7.9

26/7

30.5

7.8

27/7.CN

31

6.2

7.9

28/7

31

7.9

29/7

31.5

5.5

30/7

32

5.8

7.8

31/7

32

5.6

53

Mi trng b nui tm tt, Thng 8/2014

Ngy/thng

Nhit

xy

pH

1/8

28

5.5

8.0

2/8

28.5

5,2

7.9

3/8. CN

28.6

5,2

7.9

4/8

27.6

5,2

7.9

5/8

28

5.5

7.9

6/8

28

5,2

7.8

7/8

28.5

5,6

7.9

8/8

28

5,6

7.9

9/8

28

5.5

8.0

10/8.CN

28.5

5.5

11/8

28

5,6

12/8

28.5

5,6

8.0

13/8

29

5.5

14/8

29

5,4

15/8

28.5

5.5

7.9

16/8

28

5,2

7.9

17/8.CN

28.5

5,2

7.8

18/8

28.5

5.5

7.9

19/8

28.0

5,2

7.9

20/8

28.5

5,6

8.0

21/8

29.0

5,6

7.9

22/8

30.0

5.5

7.9

23/8

29.5

5.5

7.9

24/8.CN

29.0

5,6

7.9

25/8

28.5

5,6

7.8

26/8

28.0

5.5

7.9

27/8

27.5

5,4

7.9

28/8

28.0

5.5

8.0

29/8

28.0

5,2

30/8

27.5

5,2

31/8.CN

27.5

5.5

8.0

TB

28.3

5,2

7.6

54

Mi trng b nui tm tt, Thng 9/2014

Ngy/thng

Nhit

xy

pH

1/9

27.5

5.0

7.9

2/9

29.0

6.0

7.8

3/9

26.5

5.5

7.9

4/9

27.0

5.0

7.9

5/9

27.5

5.0

8.0

6/9

27.5

5,6

7/9.CN

28.0

5,6

8/9

30.0

5.5

7.9

9/9

30.5

5.5

7.8

10/9

30.0

5,6

7.9

11/9

29.0

5,6

7.9

12/9

30.0

5.5

8.0

13/9

29.0

5,4

8,1

14/9.CN

27.5

5.5

8,0

15/9

28.0

5,6

7.9

16/9

28.0

5,6

7.8

17/9

27.5

5.5

7.9

18/9

28.0

5.5

7.8

19/9

28.5

5,6

7.9

20/9

28.0

5,6

7.9

21/9.CN

28.5

5.5

8.0

22/9

30.0

5,4

8,1

23/9

30.0

5.5

8,1

24/9

30.0

5,6

7.9

25/9

29.0

5,6

7.8

26/9

28.0

5.5

7.9

27/9

28.5

5.5

7.9

28/9.CN

28.5

5,6

8.0

29/9

27.5

5,6

8,0

30/9

26.5

5.5

8,0

TB

28.5

5,4

7.9

55

Mi trng b nui tm tt, Thng 10/2014

Ngy/thng

Nhit

xy

pH

1/10

26.5

4.0

7.7

2/10

26.5

4.5

7.5

3/10

27.0

4.0

7.7

4/10

27.0

4.0

7.4

5/10.CN

27.0

4.5

7.6

6/10

27.0

4.0

7.2

7/10

26.5

4.5

7.6

8/10

26.5

4.5

7.6

9/10

27.0

4.0

7.68

10/10

27.0

5.0

7.8

11/10

26.0

5.0

7.6

12/10.CN

25.5

4.5

7.6

13/10

24.5

4.5

7.7

14/10

25.0

5.0

7.6

15/10

24.5

5.0

7.6

16/10

26.5

4.5

7.8

17/10

26.5

4.0

7.6

18/10

27.0

4.0

7.6

19/10.CN

27.0

4.5

7.3

20/10

26.5

4.0

7.5

21/10

26.5

4.0

7.3

22/10

27.0

4.5

7.5

23/10

27.0

4.5

7.7

24/10

26.0

5.0

7.6

25/10

26.5

4.5

7.4

26/10.CN

25.5

5.0

7.6

27/10

25.0

5.0

7.6

28/10

27.0

4.5

7.8

29/10

25.0

4.0

7.6

30/10

27.0

4.0

7.6

31/10

27.5

4.5

7.3

56

Ph lc 5. Cc bc thc hin ct m tuyn sinh dc tm

Bc 1: Loi nc khi mu. Ln lt chuyn mu qua cn vi nng tng
dn. Cn 800: 1 ln vi thi gian 30 pht. Tip n cn 950: 3 ln mi ln 30 pht.
Sau l cn 100: 3 ln mi ln 30 pht
Bc 2: Lm trong mu. a mu kh nc vo xylen 100%, 2 ln mi ln
trong 60 pht.
Bc 3: Thm Parafin. Chuyn mu c lm trong vo 2 cc Parafin nng
chy c nhit khong 58 - 600C vi thi gian t 6 - 12h.
Bc 4: c mu. t mu thm Parafin vo gi c mu, Parafin nng
chy lp y mu.
Bc 5: Ct v dn mu ln lam. Gt khi mu thnh hnh thp ct, cc cnh
cch mu 1 cm. Sau t khi mu vo v tr trn my ct. Ct mu thnh nhng lt
mng 3 - 5qm. a lt ct vo nc m 40 0C. Dng lam knh nghing khong 400
ly cc lt ct ra khi nc. t lam vo t sy nhit 40 0C. mu kh, sau
nhum mu.
Mu c nhum bng phng php ca Sheehan E. Harpchark (1980). Gm cc
bc sau:
Bc 1: Kh parafin. Ngm mu ln lt vo 2 cc Xylen. Thi gian kh Parafin
(ngm mu trong Xylen) ph thuc vo dy ca lt ct mu.
Bc 2: Kh xylen. Mu kh Parafin c chuyn qua cc cc cn vi nng
700, 950 v 1000, sau ra nhanh mu bng nc sch.
Bc 3: Nhum Hematoxylin. Mu c ngm trong Hematoxylin 15 pht sau
ra di vi nc sch vi thi gian 5 pht
Bc 4: Nhum Eosin. Mu c ngm trong eosin 2- 4 pht sau ra bng
nc sch.
Bc 5: Lm mt nc. Mu c chuyn qua cn c cc nng v thi gian
nh sau: Cn 700 vi thi gian 3- 5 pht. Cn 950 trong 3 - 5 pht. 2 ln trong cn
100, mi ln 3- 5 pht
Bc 6: Lm trong mu. Chuyn mu qua Xylen 2 ln, mi ln 3 5 pht
Bc 7: Hon thin tiu bn. Dng lamen sch dn ln lam mu bng Baume
Canada bo qun v phn tch mu.
Phn tch mu bng knh hin vi nh sng in.
nh hnh thi t bo trng c chp bng my Wild Leitz qua knh hin vi Opton.
nh ca mu non bo giai on I- II c chp vt knh 10x v th knh 10x. nh ca
mu non bo giai on III- IV c chp vi vt knh 3,2x v th knh 5x.
57

Ph lc 6: Mt s hnh nh Tm tt

Tm m thnh thc

B nui tm b m

Tm giao v

Tm m m trng

58

MT S HNH NH CC GIAI ON PHT TRIN U TRNG

u trng giai on Pelagic I-II

u trng giai on Pelagic III-V

u trng giai on Pelagic V-VIII

59

Thu mu sinh hc sinh sn

Cn TSD xc nh h s thnh thc

C nh mu TSD ct m
60