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Investigatory Project
Investigatory Project
INTRODUCTION
There are many dangerous chemicals in our surroundings; most of them can be located
inside our own homes. Almost every household would contain cleaning liquids like liquid
detergent, mildew removers, insecticides and many other harmful chemicals; that is the reason
why we decided to focus this investigatory project on creating an eco- friendly cleaning solution.
The problem of the modern world is that we have created far too much hazardous chemical since
it does the daily chores, like that of scrubbing the floor, in a faster and easier pace, unknowing
that this can harm the ozone layer. Our investigatory project aims to create an environmentfriendly cleaning solution using citrus peelings and some of its extracts. With this investigation,
we hope to find the answer to our problem; Can we be able to create an environment- friendly
cleaning solution from fruit peelings? Hopefully, it is possible and we can be able to help be a
factor of the movement against pollution.
Based on our research, cleaning solutions our often hazardous as well as corrosive, with
this experiment, the group will be finding an alternative from cleaning solutions that contain
ammonium, hydrogen bifluoride, hydrofluoric acid, and substances of the like. As an alternative,
we will be creating a solution made out of common materials that can be usually found in the
kitchen. Citrus peelings such as lemons and oranges contain an acid that can fight of germs and
odors, Baking soda and vinegar are the ones that eliminate bacteria and that of the like. With
these ingredients combined, we can create a successful cleaning solution that is beneficial to both
man and its planet.
II. PROBLEM
With the different hazardous chemicals found within the premises of everyones homes,
the nature of this study is to be able to create a replacement for these chemicals and to
successfully produce it. The problem that we are trying to solve is being able to successfully
create the cleaning solution we are looking for, using the peelings of citrus fruits, and being able
to compare which among the three is the best cleaning solution. Hopefully, we can be able to
reproduce the solution so that it could be a product that more people can use.
III. HYPOTHESIS:
POSITIVE:
If the best out of the three kinds of cleaning solution will be chosen and be made using
improvised yet organic materials then an ecological friendly solution acting to clean all types of
furniture will be produced.
NEGATIVE:
If the best out of the three kinds of cleaning solution will not be chosen and will not be made
using improvised yet organic materials then an ecological friendly solution acting to clean all
types of furniture will not be produced.
Based on the researches of the group, cleaning solutions contain a number of substances
such as ammonium hydrogen bifluoride and hydrofluoric acid that can be corrosive and a hazard
not only to humans but also to the environment. So the main goal of the group is to improve the
original cleaning solution containing the said substances and other, more dangerous chemicals.
With this investigatory project, a better cleaning solution will be created using much cheaper and
more effective materials such as the peelings of citrus fruits namely lemon, calamansi and orange.
Improvisations can be made causing us much lesser time accompanying it with the best results for
all of us and for the world, most especially its environment.
A cleaning solution was chosen since this is a product that is widely and often used
everywhere. If the type of solution for cleaning, which contains so much toxic, is used everyday
by a lot of people then a large amount of gasses and wastes from it can pollute the environment
and its atmosphere. The group believes that the product can accomplish so much as well as being
able to contribute to the preservation of our planet.
V. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
The first stain remover was plain water. People found it as an easy way to wash away
mud at a stream or a river.
The history of cleaning agents runs back to ancient Babylonian culture. Soap like
materials were evacuated from ancient Babylonian remains. The 4500-5000 year old remains also
have detailed description of making such materials. It is however not clear whether they used the
fat and ash mixed material for cleaning purposes.
Egyptian, Romans, Japanese, Greek and Chinese cultures of the ancient times paid
attention to cleanliness and used different materials for cleaning purposes.
Chinese used the fruit of soap-nut tree (Sapindus Mukorossi) for cleaning soft silk
clothes. The nut yielded a soap-like material, which thoroughly cleans the silk and is soft on the
fabric.
Soap making started in Europe in the seventh century. Soap making in Europe was
mostly a family tradition and people kept the technique of soap making a secret. They used
animal fat and plant oils to make soap. They also knew the technique of adding perfumes to the
soap for fragrance. The soaps were used for bathing and laundry purposes. Italy, Spain and France
were the leaders in soap making.
Large scale soap manufacturing began in 1791, with the invention of a process of making
soda ash from common salt by a French scientist Nicholas Leblanc. Several advancements came
to Leblanc method of soap. The cost and time for making soda ash became lower.
German scientists developed a method of making cleaning agents without plant oil or
animal fat. This chemically synthesized material is called detergent. This is harsher than soap
(that produced from fat and oil). This happened in 1916, when the availability of fat and oils was
scarce.
Utilization of enzymes for detergent manufacturing was a breakthrough in detergent
manufacturing. A no enzyme content detergents too are available today, but the biggest thrust is
on enzyme added detergents. There is however different environmental problems associated with
use of enzymes in detergents.
Further researches produced higher quality detergents at lower costs. Detergents
eventually went on to surpass soap as the preferred cleaning agent.
Later researches on cleaning products were concentrated on safety of the users and
environment, ease of use and lower production costs. Detergents and soaps are available as cakes,
powder and in liquid form. Detergents that mix well in saline water are also readily available in
the market.
In the project, the group plans to make a cleaning solution that will both benefit the
people of the world plus the environment using only the juice of citrus fruits coming from its
peelings as its main ingredient. The specific fruits that will be used for this investigation are
lemon, calamansi/Philippine lemon and orange.
substance used as the substance to kill and repel the bacteria. Other materials of the same kind
will also be used. If the planned materials are not available then similar requirements or
ingredients can be used as a substitute.
Three cleaning solutions will be produced to determine which among the three is to be
the best mixture that can easily kill germs and bacteria quickly. And at the same time, most
importantly, is that it can be safe for every individual who will use this in the future and will
avoid further damage to the atmosphere causing less greenhouse gasses. These are the main
attainments that must be achieved and be focused when producing the solutions.
Furthermore, the group will only compare and get the best cleaning solution that will be
created using natural ingredients and the product made must be both eco-friendly and ensures
protection when using it, surpassing the original solutions built for cleaning with a much efficient
use that can contribute and help so much in a simple way.
The things said are the only one that the group will do. Other developments can be done
by the future researchers that will maybe engage with experiments that our like the groups
experiment. A successful result is expected at the end of the experiment. The group believes that
more research and studying pertaining about this can make this project even more useful and
effectual.
Concentration - the measure of how much of a given substance there is mixed with
another substance. This can apply to any sort of chemical mixture, but most frequently
the concept is limited to homogeneous solutions, where it refers to the amount of solute
in the solvent.
VII. METHODOLOGY
Item
Quantity
Purpose
Spray
Container
Bottles
solutions
for
the
three
unknown
orange
solutions; to see if it is an
effective
ingredient
of
cleaning solution
extracted
from unknown
calamansi
solutions; to see if it is an
effective
ingredient
of
cleaning solution
unknown
lemon
solutions; to see if it is an
effective
ingredient
of
cleaning solution
1 bottle
to
chemical
Water
Equal with
the vinegar
the solutions
1 bottle
VIIII. BIBLIOGRAPHY
This is the list of all the references that we used to guide our research work, we do not own these
websites and will be only using them as references and not claiming it as our own.