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Persians 192
Armenians 157
Russians 104
Georgians 100
Chechens 82
Tajiks 61
Kirghizes 47
Jews 41
Turkmens 35
Kumyks 33
Lesghians 25
Ossetians 17

Uzbeks 15
Indians 14
Ingushes 13
Jamshidis 12
Hazaras 11
Sarts 10
Kabardians 9
Chinese 8
Kurds 8
Avars 7
Poles 5
Hungarians 3
Germans 3

Kalmucks 3
Koreans 3
Arabs 3
Tekintsy 2
Abkhazians 2
Bashkirs 1
Ukrainians 1
Croats 1
Czechs 1
Latvians 1
TOTAL 1,275
No nationality stated 266
No questionnaire more than 100


Mohammed Nuri El-Amin, "The Role of International Communism in the Muslim World and in Egypt and the Sudan," British
Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, vol. 23, no. 1 (May 1996), pp. 2953. In JSTOR

Stephen White, "Communism and the East: The Baku Congress, 1920." Slavic Review, vol. 33, no. 3 (Sept. 1974), pp. 492
514. In JSTOR
Stephen White, "Colonial Revolution and the Communist International, 1919-1924," Science & Society, vol. 40, no. 2 (Summer
1976), pp. 173193. In JSTOR
Stephen White, "Soviet Russia and the Asian Revolution, 1917-1924, Review of International Studies, vol. 10, no. 3 (July 1984),
pp. 219232. In JSTOR
Robert J.C. Young, Postcolonialism: An Historical Introduction (Oxford: Blackwell, 2001), pp. 1349.

Brian Pearce (trans.), "Minutes of the Congress of the Peoples of the East: Baku, September 1920. Marxists Internet Archive,
www.marxists.org/

Bennigsen 1980, p. 76.

Tom Kemp, "Foreword" to Baku: Congress of the Peoples of the East. Brian Pearce, trans. London: New Park
Publications, 1977; pg. ix.
3
Kommunisticheskii Internatsional (Russian edition), whole no. 12 (July 1920), col. 259-264. Reprinted in John
Riddell (ed.), To See the Dawn, pp. 36-41.
4
"Call to the Baku Congress," in Riddell (ed.), To See the Dawn," pg. 36.
5
"Call to the Baku Congress," in Riddell (ed.), To See the Dawn," pg. 40.
6
John Riddell, "Introduction" to To See the Dawn: Baku, 1920 First Congress of the Peoples of the East. New
York: Pathfinder Press, 1993; pg. 20.
7
Riddell, "Introduction" to To See the Dawn, pg. 21.
8
Kemp, "Foreword" to Baku, pg. x.
9
E.H. Carr, A History of Soviet Russia: The Bolshevik Revolution, 1917-1923: Volume 3. London: Macmillan, 1953;
pg. 260.
10
Kemp, "Foreword" to Baku, pg. xi.
11
Kemp, Kemp, "Foreword" to Baku, pg. xii.
12
"Joint Celebration of the Baku Soviet and the Azerbaijan Trade Union Congress," in Riddell (ed.), To See the
Dawn, pg. 45.
13
"Joint Celebration of the Baku Soviet and the Azerbaijan Trade Union Congress," pg. 46.
14
"Joint Celebration of the Baku Soviet and the Azerbaijan Trade Union Congress," pp. 46-47.
15
"Joint Celebration of the Baku Soviet and the Azerbaijan Trade Union Congress," pp. 52-55.
16
"Joint Celebration of the Baku Soviet and the Azerbaijan Trade Union Congress," pp. 55-59.
17
"Joint Celebration of the Baku Soviet and the Azerbaijan Trade Union Congress," pg. 59.
18
"Tasks of the Congress of the Peoples of the East: Session 1, September 1, 1920," in Riddell (ed.), To See the
Dawn, pp. 61-62.
19
"Tasks of the Congress of the Peoples of the East: Session 1, September 1, 1920," pg. 62.
20
Zinoviev in "Tasks of the Congress of the Peoples of the East: Session 1, September 1, 1920," pg. 63.
21
Zinoviev in "Tasks of the Congress of the Peoples of the East: Session 1, September 1, 1920," pg. 71.
22
Radek's speech appears in the chapter ""World Political Situation: Session 2, September 2, 1920, in Riddell
(ed.), To See the Dawn, pp. 80-96.
23
Radek in "Tasks of the Congress of the Peoples of the East: Session 1, September 1, 1920," pg. 83.
24
Radek in "Tasks of the Congress of the Peoples of the East: Session 1, September 1, 1920," pp. 83-85.
25
Radek in "Tasks of the Congress of the Peoples of the East: Session 1, September 1, 1920," pg. 88.
26
"Discussion: Turkestan, Mountain Republic: Session 3, September 4, 1920," in Riddell (ed.), To See the
Dawn, pp. 103-113.
27
"Guest Speakers; India; Turkey: Session 4: September 4, 1920," in Riddell (ed.), To See the Dawn, pp. 114-136.
28
Carr, The Bolshevik Revolution, vol. 3, pg. 265.
29
Pavlovich's speech appears in Riddell (ed.), To See the Dawn, pp. 137-158.
30
Pavlovich in "National and Colonial Questions: Session 5, September 5, 1920," in Riddell (ed.), To See the
Dawn, pp. 137-138.
31
Pavlovich in "National and Colonial Questions: Session 5, September 5, 1920," pg. 143.
32
Pavlovich in "National and Colonial Questions: Session 5, September 5, 1920," pg. 153.
33
Kun's report appears as part of "Soviets in the East; Agrarian Question: Session 6: September 6, 1920," in
Riddell (ed.), To See the Dawn, pp. 172-183.
34
"Theses on Soviet Power in the East" in "Soviets in the East; Agrarian Question: Session 6: September 6, 1920,"
pp. 181-182.
2

35

Skachko's report appears as part of "Soviets in the East; Agrarian Question: Session 6: September 6, 1920," in
Riddell (ed.), To See the Dawn, pp. 183-199.
36
"Theses on the Agrarian Question," in "Soviets in the East; Agrarian Question: Session 6: September 6, 1920,"
pp. 194-198.
37
"Council of Propaganda and Action; Women of the East; Concluding Remarks: Session 7: September 7, 1920,"
in Riddell (ed.), To See the Dawn, pg. 201.
38
Hanim in "Council of Propaganda and Action; Women of the East; Concluding Remarks: Session 7: September
7, 1920," in Riddell (ed.), To See the Dawn, pp. 204-207.
39
Carr, The Bolshevik Revolution, vol. 3, pg. 261.
40
Alexandre A. Bennigsen (15 September 1980). Muslim National Communism in the Soviet Union: A
Revolutionary Strategy for the Colonial World. University of Chicago Press. p. 76. ISBN 978-0-226-04236-7.
Retrieved 10 July 2013.
41
Carr, The Bolshevik Revolution, vol. 3, pg. 262.
42
Carr, The Bolshevik Revolution, vol. 3, pp. 267-268.
43
"Composition of the Congress by Nationalities,"Marxists Internet Archive, www.marxists.org

Congress of the Peoples of the East en.wikipedia.

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