/ 2/ 1

II

()
(, , , ...)
() ().

(S)

(S)

()

()

()

...

():

() ;

(P = T; P = F), . (, F),
(, ) , .

Pul = Tulul

Pizl = Tizl izl

1- ,
,

;
2- ,
.
1 2

.

 / 2/ 1

rw1
O1

V1= V2

=0

1
2

r
2

rw2
O2

(u) (1)
(1)
u

1
>1
2

def

,
:
V1= V2 u =

1 d w 2
=
2 d w1

:
d w1 d w 2

()
, () .

d w1 + d w 2
2

()
.
r
r
(1 ( 2 ))
:

ul
Tul
Pul

()
i

iz
Tiz
Piz

ul -
izl -

Tul -
Tizl -

Pul -
Pizl -
-
i -

 / 2/ 1

():

(i):

i = ul
izl
def

> 1

= 1
< 1

def

Pizl
<1
Pul

:
K

Vu

Vm

Su

Si

ul1
Pul1

1
i1 1

izl

ul2

Pizl1 Pul2

izl2

2
i2 2

Pizl2

Vizl

,

i=

ul1
izl2

izl1 = ul1 izl1 = i1 izl1

izl1
izl2
izl2
izl1

- izl1 = ul2 . ,
:
i = i1

ul2
= i1 i2
izl2

.
n

i = i1 i2 ... in = i j
j=1

j=1; 2; ... n, ( )
.

, ,
,
(<1).
, .
3

 / 2/ 1

Pizl2
Pul1

P P
P
P
izl1 = izl1 izl2 = 1 izl2
P
P
P
Pizl1
ul1
izl1
izl1

- Pizl1 = Pul2 .

= 1

Pizl2
= 1 2
Pul2

,
( ) :
n

= 1 2 ... n = j
j=1

.
Pizl = Pul Pg

Pg = (1 ) Pul

Pizl Tizl izl Tizl 1

T 1
=
=
= izl
Pul Tul ul Tul ul
Tul i

izl

:
Tizl = Tul i

:
, ,

. , : , ,
.

1
2

1
2
3
4

 / 2/ 1

, .
,
.

, ,
, . ,
.

, ,
.
6 7
5

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

1
4

3
2

, ,
,
.

, .
:

ul, izl

ul
=1
izl

i<1

izl > ul
Tizl < Tul

i=1

izl = ul
Tizl = Tul

ul
>1
izl

i>1

izl < ul
Tizl > Tul

 / 2/ 1

.
:
() ().
:

Fn

d1
Ft2

Fr1
Fr2

t
Ft1

d2

2
2

Fn

1 2
( ) Fn (n).
, .
Fn 1 2 , .
(F = Fn).
:

S =

[F ] = F
F

Ft

:
F ( )
:

r
r
T
T
Ft1 Ft 2 = 1 = 2 ;
d1 2 d 2 2

T2 = T1 i

[F] ( ),
, , .
F = Fn.
S Smin (Smin = 1,5...2,5) Fn a

Fn
S min
Ft

Fn

Ft

S min

r
r
r
Fr1 = Fr 2 = Fn
6

 / 2/ 1

Fn;

Fn ;

- ( )

n1 = const

- ()
:

i=

n ul n1 rx
=
=
nizl n 2 r1

r1

rx

n2 const
7

 / 2/ 1

dw1

. (
, )
.
.

2>1
1
2=1

dw2

kl=0
2
2

1>2
1
2

dw1, dw2

. Fn
.

Ft1

Ft2

, . Ft1
1 B ,
B . 2
B Ft2 , B
.
(
) ( ).
, . ,
8

 / 2/ 1

(2< 2) 2, ,
.

( )

( )

V1= V2 u =

1 d w 2
=
2 d w1

V 1 > V2 u ' =

1 d w 2

u' > u
2' d w1

V1= V2 u =

d2
1
1
=

2 1 k d1

f k - (1 3 %)

:

.
()
:

p = 0,418

Fn E
ekv b

Fn

Fn

ekv

1 = r1
2 = r2

p
p

r1

r2

E1 E2
-
E1 + E2
b
E=2

Fn

Fn

p p doz
:
pdoz = f ( , ( ), . )

, ,
,