MC LC

Trang
LI M U .................................................................................................................... 5
PHN I:
I.1
I.1.1
I.1.2
I.2
I.3
I.4
I.5
I.5.1
I.5.2
I.5.3
I.6
I.6.1
I.6.1.1
I.6.1.2
I.6.1.3
I.6.2
I.6.2.1

TNH TON CC THNG S U VO ................................................... 7

S TNH V C TRNG TI TRNG BN CU TU .................... 7

S tnh bn cu tu ........................................................................................ 7
c trng ti trng bn cu tu .......................................................................... 7
KHUNG TIU CHUN TNH TON .............................................................. 8
KCH THC TU THIT K ..................................................................... 10
TUI TH CNG TRNH BN CU TU .................................................. 10
CHIU DI TNH TON CA CC............................................................. 11
Chiu di chu un ca cc ............................................................................... 11
Chiu di chu nn ca cc ............................................................................... 14
Chiu di chu xon ca cc ............................................................................. 14
TI TRNG DO TU ..................................................................................... 15
Ti trng va....................................................................................................... 15
Nng lng va tu ............................................................................................ 15
Thit k m .................................................................................................... 17
Khong cch m ............................................................................................. 17
Ti trng neo..................................................................................................... 18
Lc neo do gi ................................................................................................. 18
I.6.2.1.1 Lc neo do gi theo BS 6349-1:2000 .................................................. 18
I.6.2.1.2 Lc neo do gi theo OCIMF 1997 ....................................................... 19
I.6.2.2
Lc neo do dng chy ...................................................................................... 23
I.6.2.2.1 Lc neo do dng chy theo BS 6349-1:2000 ....................................... 23
I.6.2.2.2 Lc neo do dng chy theo OCIMF 1997............................................ 27
I.6.2.3
Ti trng do sng tc dng ln tu ................................................................... 28
I.6.2.4
Tng lc do sng, gi v dng chy ................................................................ 29
I.6.2.5
Phn phi lc ngang do sng, gi v dng chy tc dng ln bch neo .......... 30
I.7
TI TRNG DO CHNH LCH NHIT ................................................ 33
I.8
TI TRNG DO NG T ........................................................................ 34
I.9
TI TRNG DO SNG TC DNG LN CC .......................................... 38
I.9.1.2
Tnh ton cho cc n ...................................................................................... 40
I.9.1.3
Tnh ton cho nhm cc ................................................................................... 41
I.9.1.4
Cc xin ........................................................................................................... 42
I.10
TI TRNG DO DNG CHY TC DNG LN CC ............................. 43
I.11
TI TRNG DO GI ...................................................................................... 45
I.11.1
p lc gi tc dng ln cng trnh ................................................................... 45
I.11.2
p lc gi tc dng ln cc .............................................................................. 48
I.12
TI TRNG HOT TI XE V HNG HA.............................................. 49
I.13
TI TRNG HOT TI CN CU CONTAINER ...................................... 49
I.14
QUY NH V VT LIU ............................................................................. 50

I.14.1
I.14.2
I.15
I.16
I.16.1
I.16.1.1
I.16.1.2
I.16.2

Theo BS 5400:3-2000 v BS 5400:4-1990 ...................................................... 50

Theo TCVN5575-1991 & TCVN4116:1985.................................................... 51
TI TRNG DO P LC T ..................................................................... 55
PH LC ......................................................................................................... 55
S liu tu thit k ............................................................................................ 55
Cng thc quy i ............................................................................................ 55
Thng s tu thit k ........................................................................................ 56
Ti trng sng tc dng ln cc theo SPM 1984 VOL.II ................................. 63

PHN II: TNH TON KT CU BN CU TU ..................................................... 65

II.1

TRNH T GII MT BI TON CNG TRNH BN CU TU BNG

PHN MM PHN T HU HN (PTHH)................................................. 65
II.2
CC LU KHI TIN HNH CC BC GII CNG TRNH BN
BNG PHN MM SAP2000 ........................................................................ 66
II.2.1
Bc 1: To s tnh ..................................................................................... 66
II.2.2
Bc 2: Gn vt liu v tit din ...................................................................... 67
II.2.3
Bc 3: Gn ti trng v t hp ti trng ......................................................... 67
II.2.4
Bc 4: Gii kt cu ......................................................................................... 67
II.2.5
Bc 5: Xut kt qu theo BS 8110-1997 ....................................................... 67
II.3
P DNG TNH TON CNG TRNH BN BNG PHN MM SAP2000
.......................................................................................................................... 68
II.3.1
V kt cu nn cc, h thng dm trn Autocad 3D ........................................ 68
II.3.2
Xut sang file *.DXF ........................................................................................ 68
II.3.3
Load file *.DXF t Acad sang SAP2000 ......................................................... 69
II.3.4
To h bn sn cho kt cu. .............................................................................. 69
II.3.5
Khai bo lin kt ............................................................................................... 69
II.3.6
Khai bo c trng vt liu............................................................................... 70
II.3.7
Khai bo cc loi tit din cc, dm, bn ......................................................... 71
II.3.8
Khai bo tit din cho tng cu kin ................................................................ 72
II.3.9
Khai bo cc trng hp ti trng .................................................................... 72
II.3.10 Gn cc trng hp ti trng ............................................................................ 75
II.3.10.1 Ti trng bn thn ............................................................................................ 75
II.3.10.2 Hot ti trn bn ............................................................................................... 75
II.3.10.3 Ti trng do va tu ........................................................................................... 75
II.3.10.4 Ti trng do neo tu ......................................................................................... 76
II.3.10.5 Ti trng do nhit ........................................................................................ 76
II.3.10.6 Ti trng do dng chy tc dng ln cc ......................................................... 76
II.3.10.7 Ti trng do thit b trn bn............................................................................ 76
II.3.10.8 Ti trng do ng t (ng t do bn thn v do cn trc) .......................... 80
II.3.10.9 Ti trng do gi tc dng ln cng trnh .......................................................... 81
II.3.10.10 Ti trng do sng tc dng ln cc .................................................................. 81
II.3.10.11 Ti trng do p lc t ..................................................................................... 81
II.3.11 T hp cc trng hp ti trng ....................................................................... 81
II.3.11.1 Trng hp ti hn ULS .................................................................................. 81

II.3.11.2
II.3.12
II.3.13
II.4

Trng hp lm vic SLS ................................................................................ 81

Gii bi ton: .................................................................................................... 82
Xut kt qu ...................................................................................................... 82
TI LIU THAM KHO ................................................................................ 83

DANH MC BNG BIU

Bng I.1 Khung tiu chun tnh ton thng s u vo ..................................................... 8
Bng I.2 Tui th kinh t trung bnh ca cng trnh bn cu tu .................................... 10
Bng I.3 Xc nh h s t l K....................................................................................... 13
Bng I.4 Xc nh vn tc ca tu khi cp bn (m/s) trng hp c tu lai dt ............. 16
Bng I.5 Xc nh h s CB ............................................................................................. 17
Bng I.6 H s ma st ...................................................................................................... 17
Bng I.7 Mi quan h gia vn tc gi c ngha 10s v h s gi git ........................... 19
Bng I.8 Mi quan h gia vn tc gi c ngha trong 1 gi v h s gi git ............... 19
Bng I.9 Xc nh h s CTWforward, CTWaft, CLW trong trng hp ballast ...................... 21
Bng I.10 Xc nh h s CTWforward, CTWaft, CLW trong trng hp y ti .................. 22
Bng I.11 Xc nh h s CTCforward, CTCaft, CLC, CCT, CCL .............................................. 26
Bng I.12 Xc nh h s CYFC, CYAC, CXC ..................................................................... 27
Bng I.13 Chiu cao sng c ngha Hs tc dng ln tu neo bn ti vng ca bin ....... 28
Bng I.14 Chiu cao sng c ngha Hs tc dng ln tu neo bn ti vng nc su ...... 29
Bng I.15 Bng tng hp lc do sng, gi v dng chy ................................................ 29
Bng I.16 Bng tng hp lc do sng, gi v dng chy ................................................ 31
Bng I.17 Kt qu phn phi lc ngang do sng, gi v dng chy ............................... 32
Bng I.18 Quan h gia h s Kh v cp ng t M...................................................... 35
Bng I.19 Mi tng quan gia gia tc cc i v cp ng t .................................... 35
Bng I.20 Quan h l thuyt sng tuyn tnh .................................................................. 39
Bng I.21 Xc nh h s CD v CM ................................................................................ 44
Bng I.22 Gi tr p lc gi trn bn phn vng p lc gi trn lnh th Vit Nam.. 45
Bng I.23 H s k k n s thay i p lc gi theo cao v dng a hnh .............. 46
Bng I.24 Xc nh h s k ............................................................................................. 48
Bng I.25 Ti trng hot ti xe v hng ha.................................................................... 49
Bng I.26 Mc n mn ca kt cu thp .................................................................... 50
Bng I.27 Mun n hi ca b tong (BS 5400:4-1990) .............................................. 51
Bng I.28 Cng ca ct thp (BS 5400:4-1990) ...................................................... 51
Bng I.29 Cc c trng vt l ca vt liu cho kt cu thp ......................................... 51
Bng I.30 M un n hi ban u ca b tng thy cng ............................................. 52
Bng I.31 Cng tiu chun v tnh ton ca b tng................................................ 52
Bng I.32 M un n hi ban u ca ct thp ............................................................. 53
Bng I.33 Cng tiu chun v tnh ton ca ct thp ............................................... 54
Bng I.34 Kch thc tu................................................................................................. 56

DANH MC HNH NH
Hnh I.1
Hnh I.2
Hnh I.3
Hnh I.4
Hnh I.5
Hnh I.6
Hnh I.7
Hnh I.8
Hnh I.9
Hnh I.10
Hnh I.11
Hnh I.12
Hnh I.13
Hnh I.14
Hnh I.15
Hnh I.16
Hnh I.17
Hnh I.18
Hnh I.19
Hnh I.20
Hnh I.21
Hnh I.22
Hnh I.23
Hnh I.24
Hnh I.25
Hnh II.1

c trng cc ti trng tc dng ln bn cu tu............................................. 7

nh ngha kch thc tu ............................................................................. 10
su ngm tng ng ............................................................................ 13
Gc cp tu v khong cch m tu ............................................................ 18
th dng xc nh h s CTCforward, CTCaft, CCL ..................................... 24
th dng xc nh h s CCT ................................................................ 25
th dng xc nh h s CCL ................................................................ 25
S b tr dy neo ....................................................................................... 30
S b tr dy neo xt n dao ng mc nc cho tu y hng ............. 30
S b tr dy neo xt n dao ng mc nc cho tu ballast ................. 31
S phn b ti trng neo tu trn mt bch neo ........................................ 31
Nhit cc i tuyt i v cc tiu tuyt i ca khng kh .................... 33
Bn vng chn ng vi tn sut lp li Bi 0.002 ................................. 36
Bn cc vng pht sinh ng t mnh v phn vng chn ng cc i
Imax ............................................................................................................... 37
Xc nh h s CD .......................................................................................... 38
Ti trng sng tc dng ln cc ng............................................................ 40
S bin thin ca lc sng t s bin thin ca vn tc v gia tc trong 1 chu
k ................................................................................................................... 41
Mt bng nhm cc ....................................................................................... 42
Tnh ton ti trng sng tc dng ln cc xin .............................................. 42
Xc nh h s CD .......................................................................................... 43
Bn phn vng p lc gi ......................................................................... 47
Xc nh h s Cx ........................................................................................ 48
Kch thc loi cu container ........................................................................ 50
Xc nh h s Kim......................................................................................... 64
Xc nh h s KDm ....................................................................................... 64
Tnh ton kt cu bng phn mm phn t hu hn ...................................... 66

LI M U
Vi chnh sch cht lng PHT HUY NI LC VN RA TH TRNG
QUC T th vic tm hiu cc thng tin c lin quan n nhng tiu chun quy phm ca
nc ngoi tr thnh nhu cu ht sc cn thit. Ngn ng trong quy phm ni chung ht
sc c ng v bao hm nhiu vn c lin quan. Do , trong qu trnh tm hiu v
chuyn ti nhng ni dung ca quy phm nc ngoi nh BS, ACI, AASHTO, PIANC,
OCDI chng ti c gng c th ha cc iu khon trong quy phm thng qua kinh
nghim tnh ton cc cng trnh bn thc hin. c bit trong cng tc t vn u t v
xy dng cho cc cng trnh bn c vn u t nc ngoi. Qua cc cng trnh bn m cng
ty tham gia thc hin nh Thit k chi tit Cng xut sn phm - Nh my lc du Dung
Qut, thit k chi tit Cng Quc t Ci Mp Th Vi, thit k c s Cng container trung
tm Si Gn, thit k c s Cng container Quc t SSA, thit k c s Cng Tng hp v
Container Ci Mp hchng ti thng k cc mc, cc iu khon hoc cc ni dung
tnh ton c s dng nhiu trong thc t. Do vy, vi s ch o ca Ban Tng Gim c
v K s Trng, ti liu Hng dn tnh ton cng trnh bn cu tu ny c bin son
nhm mc ch thng nht phng php v ni dung tnh ton cng trnh bn cu tu.
Vi mc ch chnh nh trn, ti liu Hng dn tnh ton cng trnh bn cu tu ny
gm 2 phn:
-

Phn I: Tnh ton cc thng s u vo. Xc nh chiu di tnh ton cc, cc ti

trng tc dng (do tu, do nhit , do ng t, do sng, do dng chy, do gi, do
p lc t), s liu tu thit k, cc bng biu, th cn thit cho vic tnh ton.

Phn II: Tnh ton kt cu bn cu tu. Trong hng dn chi tit tnh ton
kt cu bng chng trnh SAP2000 khung khng gian vi cc bc: to s
tnh, gn vt liu v tit din, gn ti trng v t hp ti trng, gii kt cu v xut
kt qu.

Ti liu c tp th phng Qun l Cht lng kt hp cng phng Cng trnh bin
son bc u vi s ch o ca K s trng TS. Trng Ngc Tng. Trong qu trnh
bin son c Lnh o cng ty, TS. Trn Minh Quang, TS. Phan Dng v cc Trng,
Ph phng cng cc anh ch em k s trong cng ty ng gp nhiu kin gi tr.
Ti liu ny c bin son vi s c gng rt nhiu, tuy nhin do thi gian v kin
thc c hn nn khng trnh khi nhng iu sai st v nhiu vn cha hon chnh, do
vy trong qu trnh vn dng ngh anh em K s nhit tnh gp Ti liu hng dn
ny ngy cng hon chnh hn. Mi gp xin vui lng gi v phng QLCL.

PHN I:
I.1
I.1.1

TNH TON XC NH CC THNG S

U VO

S TNH V C TRNG TI TRNG BN CU TU

S tnh bn cu tu

Tnh ton kt cu bn cu tu thc bi ton khng gian chnh l kt hp ng thi hai bi

ton: c hc t v c hc kt cu. Cu tu i cao c chiu cao ln >5m nn n cha ng
y kha cnh mng su. Do vy phi xt n ng sut t nn xung quanh cc, sc
chng ca t, ma st gia cc v t, im ngm ca cc trong t, sc chu ti theo t
nn. Xt v mt kt cu, cu tu c th phn thnh hai loi cu kin: cc thanh ng (cc) v
cc thanh ngang (i) nn n s l khung khng gian siu tnh lm nhim v tip nhn ti
trng ngoi truyn vo nn t.
Mc nh chnh ca gii cu tu l tm bin dng chuyn v v ni lc mi mt ct ca tt
c cu kin. V vy cn phi chuyn i bi ton kt hp chuyn i gia bi ton c t v
bi ton c hc kt cu thnh bi ton c hc kt cu thun ty. Gi thit cc ngm cht
trong t lm tng mmen chn cc, chiu di tnh ton ca cc trong t s bao gm: chiu
di chu un Lu, chiu di chu nn Ln, chiu di chu xon Lx.
I.1.2

c trng ti trng bn cu tu

Ti trng thit k theo ti trng ti hn vi t hp bt li nht, tng ti trng ti hn bng h

s an ton. Ti trng ti hn ULS: c dung xc nh ni lc ca phn t kt cu: Mmen,
lc ct v lc dc trc m bo bn ca kt cu (tnh theo bn vt liu) chu cc
ti trng . Ti trng lm vic SLS: c dung xc nh chuyn v, xc nh vt nt cho
php.
Theo Port Designers Handbook ti trng tc dng ln bn cu tu chia lm 3 c trng: ti
trng pha khu nc, ti trng trn bn cu tu, c trng ti trng pha b. (Hnh I.1)

Hnh I.1

c trng cc ti trng tc dng ln bn cu tu

I.2

KHUNG TIU CHUN P DNG TNH TON

B Xy dng (theo cc Thng t s 12/BXD-KHCN ngy 24-4-1995 v 78/BXD-KHCN

ngy 17-7-1995) chp thun, cho php p dng cc tiu chun xy dng hin hnh ca t
chc tiu chun ha quc t ISO v ca cc nc Anh, c, M, Nht, Php, c, khng
thuc cc lnh vc di y:

S liu: kh hu xy dng, a cht thy vn.

Phng chng chy n, gi bo, st.

V sinh mi trng.

An ton cng trnh di tc ng kh hu a phng.

An ton lao ng.

Khi p dng tiu chun quc t, tiu chun nc ngoi vo Vit Nam phi m bo s ng
b ca tiu chun c p dng. Khung tiu chun p dng trong tnh ton thng s u vo
ca cng trnh bn cu tu trong ti liu ny theo bng I.1
Bng I.1 Khung tiu chun p dng trong tnh ton thng s u vo
Tiu chun p dng
Stt

Cc hng mc tnh ton

Sch chuyn kho

M hiu

Tn tiu chun

Kch thc tu thit k

Port Designer s
Handbook

Tui th cng trnh

Port Designer s
Handbook

Chiu di tnh ton cc

- Chiu di chu un ca cc

20 TCN 21-86

Mng cc Tiu
chun thit k

TCXD205-1998

Mng cc Tiu
chun thit k

20 TCN 21-86

Mng cc Tiu
chun thit k

Zavriev &
G.K.Shpiro. Thit
k mng su tr
cu., Maxcva,
1975.

- Chiu di chu nn ca cc
- Chiu di chu xon ca
cc

Ti trng do tu
- Ti trng va

BS 6349-4:1994

British Standard

- Ti trng neo

BS 6349-1: 2000

British Standard

Port Designer s
Handbook

Tiu chun p dng

Stt

Cc hng mc tnh ton

Sch chuyn kho

M hiu

Ti trng chnh lch nhit

Ti trng ng t

Tn tiu chun

BS 6349-1:1994

British Standard

TCVN-4088:1985

S liu kh hu
dng trong thit k
xy dng

22TCN-272-95

Tiu chun thit k

cu Tiu chun k
thut cng trnh
giao thng Tp VIII

AASHTO LRFD

Ti trng do sng tc dng

ln cc

Ti trng do dng chy tc BS 6349-1: 2000

dng ln cc

British Standard

Ti trng do gi

Ti trng v tc
ng - Tiu chun
thit k

10

Ti trng hot ti xe v hng

ha

11

Ti trng hot ti cn cu BS 6349-1: 2000

container

British Standard

12

Quy nh v vt liu

BS 5400:3-2000

British Standard

BS 5400:4-1990

British Standard

TCVN4116:1985

Kt cu b tng v
b tng ct thp
thy cng. TCTK.

TCVN5575-1991

Kt cu thp. Tiu
chun thit k.

BS 6349:1-2000

British Standard

22 TCN 207-92

Cng trnh bn cng

Bin

13

Ti trng do p lc t

Recommendations
of Committee for
Waterfront
Structures
Habours and
Waterways EAU
2004

TCVN 2737-1995

Port Designer s
Handbook

I.3

KCH THC TU THIT K

Theo Port Designer s Handbook kch thc tu thit k trong bn cu tu bao gm cc

thng s:

Gii hn tin cy. (Ph lc I.16.1 S liu tu thit k)

Kch thc tu. (hnh I.2)

nh ngha cc loi tu:

- Tu nh

: DWT < 140.000 T

- Tu ln

: 140.000 T < DWT < 400.000 T

- Tu rt ln

: DWT > 400.000 T

Length between perps

0.95 *Length overall

Hnh I.2

I.4

nh ngha kch thc tu

TUI TH CNG TRNH BN CU TU

Theo Port Designer s Handbook tui th kinh t trung bnh cng trnh bn cu tu ph
thuc vo mc duy tu bo dng v t l chi ph duy tu bo dng hng nm. (Bng I.2)

Bng I.2 Tui th kinh t trung bnh ca cng trnh bn cu tu

I.5

CHIU DI TNH TON CA CC

Tnh ton chiu di cc theo Tiu chun Mng cc 20 TCN 21-86, Mng cc Tiu chun
thit k TCXD 205-1998.
Ngi s dng cn lu , s liu cn thit trong phn tnh ton chiu di cc nhp vo
trong chng trnh tnh kt cu Sap 2000 l:

Chiu di chu un Lu

Din tch quy i F

Momen xon tnh i J'x

Do cc chiu di Lu, Ln, Lx khng ng nht nhau, nn phi quy i tit din cc v mmen
xon tnh i.
I.5.1

Chiu di chu un ca cc

Khi tnh ton cc, cc ng v cc tr theo bn vt liu, cc (cc ng v cc tr) c

xem nh l mt thanh ngm cng trong t ti tit din nm cch y i mt khong Lu,
xc nh theo cng thc sau: (Hnh I.3)
Lu lo le

Lu lo

bd

Trong :
L : Chiu di ca cc thit k, m
Lu : Chiu di cc chu un, m
lo : Chiu di t do ca cc (c tnh n chiu dy lp bn st), m
bd : H s bin dng, 1/m

 bd 5

K .bc
E b .I

K : H s t l, T/m4, c ly tu thuc vo loi t xung quanh cc theo bng I.3

bc : Chiu rng quy c ca cc, m
i vi cc ng, cc nhi c ng knh 0,8m: bc = d + 1m
i vi cc loi cc khc : bc = 1,5D + 0,5m
D : ng knh ngoi ca cc tit din trn, cnh ca tit din cc vung hoc ch nht
theo mt phng vung vi ti trng tc dng, m
Eb : Moun bin dng ban u ca vt liu cc khi nn v ko, T/m2,
I : Momen qun tnh tit din ngang cc, m4.
* i vi cc ng:
3

I 0,3926 . D .
* i vi cc vung:

b.h 3
12

D: ng knh ngoi ca cc tit din trn, m

: Chiu dy thnh cc tit din trn, m
b, h : B rng ca cc tit din vung, m

ng trc trung ha

L-lo

Hnh I.3

su ngm tng ng

Bng I.3 Xc nh h s t l K

H s t l K (T/m4) cho cc
Loi t quanh cc v c trng ca n
St, st do chy (0.75 < Is <1)

ng
60 - 250

St v st do mm (0.5 < Is < 0.75), ct do (0

Is 1), ct bi (0.6 e 0.8).
250 - 500
St, st t do v na cng (0 Is 0.75), ct
cng (Is < 0), Ct mn (0.6 e 0.75), ct ht trung 500 - 800
(0.55 e 0.7)
St v st cng (Is < 0), ct ht th (0.65 e 0.7).
Ct si (0.55 e 0.7), dm cui c ct lp nht

800 - 1300

Nhi, cc ng
v cc ct
50 - 200
200 - 400

400 - 600

600 - 1000
1000 2000

Ch thch:
1. Gi tr nh ca h s K trong bng trn tng ng vi gi tr ca ch s st Is ca

H s t l K (T/m4) cho cc
Loi t quanh cc v c trng ca n

2.

Nhi, cc ng
v cc ct
t st v h s rng e ca t ct c ghi trong du ngoc n, cn gi tr ln ca h
s K tng ng vi gi tr nh ca Is v e. i vi cc loi t c nhng c trng Is
v e khong trung gian th h s K c xc nh theo php ni suy.
H s K i vi ct cht phi ly cao hn 30% so vi gi tr trong bng trn ca h s k
cho loi t ang xt.

I.5.2

ng

Chiu di chu nn ca cc

Tnh theo Zavriev v G.K.Shpiro. Thit k mng su tr cu. Nh xut bn Xy dng vn

ti, Maxcva, 1975.

L n Lo

7.10 3 EF
o

Trong :
Lo : Chiu di t do ca cc, m
o : Sc chu ti ca cc, T, ( lay ntn)? Theo vat lieu hay theo dat nen?
E : Moun bin dng ca vt liu cc, T/m2
F : Din tch tit din ngang cc, m2
Din tch quy i
+ cng chuyn v thng ca cc tng ng chiu di chu nn LN :

EF
LN

+ cng chuyn v thng ca cc tng ng chiu di chu un Lu :

EF'
Lu

2 cng chuyn v thng ca cc tng ng nhau th u = N

EF EF '

LN
Lu
F'

I.5.3

F .L u
Ln

Chiu di chu xon ca cc

Tnh theo Zavriev v G.K.Shpiro. Thit k mng su tr cu. Nh xut bn Xy dng vn

ti, Maxcva, 1975.
Xc nh chiu di chu un L4 ca cc khi chu M hoc chuyn v xoay n v:

Lu 4 L o

a4

H s a 4 xc nh da vo L l chiu su ng cc tnh i: L bd .L
4 L < 5, a 4 =2.6958

L 5,

a 4 =2.6724

cng chng chuyn v xoay n v u cc:

4 EJ u
(T .m)
Lu 4

cng chng xon ca u cc: 5 0.2 x 4 (T .m)

M men xon (Jx) v m uyn trt (G) ca vt liu xc nh nh sau:

J x 2.0.J u (m 4 )
G

E
(T / m 2 )
2.6

Chiu di chu xon ca cc: L x

G. J x

( m)

Tnh i gia Lx v Lu da vo Jx v J'x (m men xon tnh i):

J x ' Lu

J x Lx
T cng thc trn suy ra momen xon tnh i J'x
I.6

TI TRNG DO TU

I.6.1
I.6.1.1

Ti trng va
Nng lng va tu

Nng lng va ca tu ln cng trnh bn c tnh ton theo Port Designers Handbook:
E = 0.5 x Md x V2 xC
Trong :
E

Nng lng va (kN.m)

Md

Lng gin nc ca tu (T)

Vn tc ca tu khi cp bn (m/s), Bng I.4

H s va tu, C = CH.CE.CC.CS

 .D

CH

H s khi thu ng lc C H 1

CE

H s xt n lch tm C E

CS

H s xt n mm, CS = 1.0 i vi tu nh, CS = 0.9 - 1.0 i vi tu ln

CC

H s xt n hnh dng ca bn, CC = 0.8 1.0

Bn knh nh khuynh ca tu, m. Vi i = (0.2 0.25)Lbp

Lbp

Chiu di tu tnh gia hai ng vung gc (m)

CB

H s khi, CB tnh theo cng thc C B

Trng lng ring ca nc bin = 10.3 KN/m3

Khong cch t im tip xc n trng tm tu (m). Bn lin b: r

2.C B .B

i 2 r 2 cos 2
i2 r 2

Md
hoc tra Bng I.5
Lbp * B * D *

Bn nh: r

1
* LOA
4

1
* LOA
6

Mn nc ca tu (m)

B rng tu (m)

Gc gia ng thng ni t trng tm tu n im va v vc t vn tc, chn

tnh ton vi =900

LoA Chiu di tu (m)

Bng I.4 Xc nh vn tc ca tu khi cp bn (m/s) trng hp c tu lai dt

Di 10 000

iu kin
thun li
0.20 - 0.16

iu kin
bnh thng
0.45 - 0.30

iu kin
kh khn
0.60 - 0.40

10 000 50 000

0.12 - 0.08

0.30 - 0.15

0.45 - 0.22

50 000 100 000

0.08

0.15

0.20

Trn 100 000

0.08

0.15

0.20

Lng gin nc (T)

Bng I.5 Xc nh h s CB

I.6.1.2

Loi tu
Container Ship

H s CB
0.60 - 0.80

General cargo ship and bulk carriers

0.72 - 0.85

Tankers

0.85

Ferries

0.55 - 0.65

Ro/ro ship

0.70 - 0.80

Thit k m

Phn lc ca m tu tc dng ln cng trnh c ly theo s lm vic ca m ph thuc

vo nng lng hp th v bin dng ca m khi tu cp bn. Da kt qu tnh ton nng
lng m, chn loi m ph hp v xc nh phn lc ca m ta tc dng ln cng
trnh tng ng vi loi m chn.
- Thnh phn ca phn lc tc dng vung gc vi bn: RX (T)
- Thnh phn ca phn lc tc dng song song vi bn: RY = RX.f (T), vi f l h s ma st,
ph thuc vo vt liu lp mt ca thit b m (Bng I.6)
Bng I.6 H s ma st
Vt liu

H s ma st (f)

Cao su

0.5

0.3

Ni lng

0.2

Polyethylene

0.2

Ngun: BS6349 - 4 : 1994

Ngi s dng dung kt qu tnh ton ti trng va tu RX, RY cho nhp vo chng trnh
Sap2000.
I.6.1.3

Khong cch m

Bc m c tnh theo cng thc : (Xem Hnh I.4)

2l 2. h(

B L2

h)
h 8.B

Trong : 2 l : Khong cch m (m)

L : chiu di ca tu tnh ton (m)
B : Chiu rng ca tu tnh ton (m)
h : Chiu cao m khi chu nng lng va tu (m)

Hnh I.4
I.6.2

Gc cp tu v khong cch m tu

Ti trng neo

Ti trng do neo tu c tnh ton theo ti liu Port Designers Handbook v BS 63491:2000
I.6.2.1

Lc neo do gi

I.6.2.1.1 Lc neo do gi theo BS 6349-1:2000

Lc do gi tc dng ln tu c xc nh theo cng thc sau :

FTW 10 4.(CTWforward CTWaft ). . AL .VW2

FLW 10 4.C LW . . AL .VW2
Trong :
FTW

: Lc do gi theo phng ngang tu tc dng mi tu v ui tu (KN)

FLW

: Lc do gi theo phng dc tu (KN)

VW

: Vn tc gi tnh ton ti chiu cao 10m trn mc nc, tnh ton cho
trng hp neo vi vn tc gi c ngha trong 1 pht (m/s)
Xc nh VW theo Bng I.7 v bng I.8,

AL

: Din tch chn gi theo phng dc tu phn nm trn mt nc (m2)

CTWforward : H s cn gi pha mi tu theo phng ngang tu

CTWaft

: H s cn gi pha ui tu theo phng ngang tu

CLW

: H s cn gi theo phng dc tu

: Mt khng kh, Kg/m3, = 1.1703 Kg/m3 ti 30oC

= 1.3096 Kg/m3 ti 0oC

H s CTWforward, CTWaft, CLW xc nh da vo Bng I.9 v bng I.10

AL ly theo ti liu Port Designers Handbook, chng 20 hoc xem mc I.16.1 S liu
tu thit k.

I.6.2.1.2 Lc neo do gi theo OCIMF 1997

(Phn tnh ton ny p dng cho tu du)
Lc do gi tc dng ln tu c xc nh theo cng thc sau :

FYW (CYAW CYFW ).W . AL .

FXW C XW .W . AT .

VW2
2012

VW2
2012

Trong :
FYW

: Lc do gi theo phng ngang tu (KN)

FXW

: Lc do gi theo phng dc tu (KN)

AL

: Din tch chn gi theo phng dc tu phn nm trn mt nc (m2)

AT

: Din tch chn gi theo phng ngang tu phn nm trn mt nc (m2)

CYFW

: H s cn gi pha mi tu theo phng ngang tu

CYAW

: H s cn gi pha ui tu theo phng ngang tu

CXW

: H s cn gi theo phng dc tu

: Mt khng kh, Kg/m3, a = 1.223 Kg/m3 ti 20oC

VW

: Vn tc gi tnh ton ti chiu cao 10m trn mc nc, tnh ton cho
trng hp neo vi vn tc gi trung bnh 30s, m/s, ly theo Bng I.7 v
bng I.8.

2012

: H s chuyn i vn tc t n v knot/s sang m/s.

H s CYAW, CYFW, CXW xc nh da vo Bng I.9 v bng I.10

AL, AT ly theo ti liu Port Designers Handbook, chng 20 hoc xem mc I.9.1 S
liu tu thit k.
Bng I.7 Mi quan h gia vn tc gi c ngha 10s v h s gi git
Chu k gi c ngha
3s

H s gi git
1.35

10s

1.30

15s

1.27

30s

1.21

1 pht

1.15

10 pht

1.00

Bng I.8 Mi quan h gia vn tc gi c ngha trong 1 gi v h s gi git

Chu k gi c ngha
3s

H s gi git
1.56

10s

1.48

1 pht

1.28

10 pht

1.12

30 pht

1.05

1 gi

1.00

Ngi s dng lu khi s dng Bng I.7 v bng I.8:

- Bng I.7 p dng cho vn tc gi thi trong thi gian 10 pht.
- Bng I.8 p dng cho vn tc gi thi trong thi gian 1 gi.

Bng I.9 Xc nh h s CTWforward, CTWaft, CLW trong trng hp ballast

Bng I.10 Xc nh h s CTWforward, CTWaft, CLW trong trng hp y ti

I.6.2.2

Lc neo do dng chy

I.6.2.2.1 Lc neo do dng chy theo BS 6349-1:2000

Lc neo do dng chy tc dng ln tu c xc nh theo cng thc sau :

FTC 104.(CTCforward CTCaft ).CCT . .Lbp .d m .VC2

FLC 104.CLC .CCL . .Lbp .d m .VC2
Trong :
FTC

: Lc dng chy theo phng ngang tu (KN)

FLC

: Lc dng chy theo phng dc tu (KN)

Vc

: Vn tc dng chy trung bnh (m/s )

dm

: Mn nc ca tu (m)

Lbp

: Chiu di tu gia hai thnh cong (m)

CTCforward : H s lc dng chy tc dng pha mi tu theo phng ngang tu

CTCaft

: H s lc dng chy tc dng pha ui tu theo phng ngang tu

CLC

: H s lc dng chy tc dng theo phng dc tu

CCT

: H s lc cn dng chy tc dng theo phng ngang tu

CCL

: H s lc cn dng chy theo phng dc tu

: Dung trng ca nc, kg/m3.

i vi nc bin = 1025 kg/m3
i vi nc ngt = 1000 kg/m3

H s CTCforward, CTCaft, CLC xc nh da vo Hnh I.5

H s CCT xc nh da vo Hnh I.6
H s CCL xc nh da vo Hnh I.7

Hnh I.5

th dng xc nh h s CTCforward, CTCaft, CLC

Hnh I.6

th dng xc nh h s CCT

Hnh I.7

th dng xc nh h s CCL

d
6.
dm
i vi tu du c trng ti ln hoc tu rt ln tra theo Bng I.11
Lu : H s CCL, CCT c tnh khi t l

Bng I.11 Xc nh h s CTCforward, CTCaft, CLC, CCT, CCL

I.6.2.2.2 Lc neo do dng chy theo OCIMF 1997

(Phn tnh ton ny p dng cho tu du)
Lc neo do dng chy tc dng ln tu c xc nh theo cng thc sau :
FYC (CYFC CYAC ). W .D.Lbp .
FXC C XC . W .D.Lbp .

VC2
2012

VC2
2012

Trong :

FYC

: Lc dng chy theo phng ngang tu (KN)

FXC

: Lc dng chy theo phng dc tu (KN)

Vc

: Vn tc dng chy trung bnh (m/s )

: Mn nc ca tu (m)

Lbp

: Chiu di tu gia hai thnh cong (m)

CYFC

: H s lc dng chy tc dng pha mi tu theo phng ngang tu

CYAC

: H s lc dng chy tc dng pha ui tu theo phng ngang tu

CXC

: H s lc dng chy tc dng theo phng dc tu

: Dung trng ca nc bin W = 1025 kg/m3

2012

: H s chuyn i vn tc t n v knot/s sang m/s.

H s CYFC, CYAC, CXC xc nh da vo Bng I.12

Bng I.12 Xc nh h s CYFC, CYAC, CXC

I.6.2.3

Ti trng do sng tc dng ln tu

Ti trng do sng tc dng ln tu tnh theo ti liu Port Designers Handbook. (Spanish
Standard ROM 0.2-90)
2
FTwave C fw .C dw . w .H des
.D ' . sin 2 .10
2
FLwave C fw .C dw . w .H des
.D ' . cos .10

Vi: D ' Lbp . sin B. cos

Trong :
FTwave

Ti trng do sng tc dng ln tu theo phng ngang tu (KN)

FLwave

Ti trng do sng tc dng ln tu theo phng dc tu (KN)

Cfw

H s cn nc, ph thuc vo chiu di sng Lw ti v tr tnh ton

v mn nc D ca tu.
Nu (2/Lw).D >1.4 th Cfw = 0.064
Nu (2/Lw).D <0.2 th Cfw = 0.000

Cdw

H s su, ph thuc vo chiu di sng Lw v chiu su nc h

ti v tr tnh ton.
Nu (4/Lw).h > 6.0 th Cdw = 1.00
Nu (4/Lw).h = 0 th Cdw = 2.00

Dung trng ca nc. i vi nc bin: w =1.034T/m3, nc ngt

w =1.00T/m3.

Hdes

Chiu cao sng c ngha thit k (m)

i vi loi kt cu bn: Hdes/Hs = 1.8 2.0

Hs

Chiu cao sng c ngha (m)

Gc gia trc dc ca tu, xt t mi tu n ui tu v hng

sng tc dng.

Chiu di chn sng ca tu theo hng sng tc dng (m)

Lbp

Chiu di tu tnh ton (m)

Chiu rng ca tu tnh ton (m)

Theo PIANC Bullertin No.56, Mr H.Velsink chiu cao sng c ngha ti vng ca bin theo
bng I.13. y l chiu cao sng c ngha bt li Hs nht tc dng ln tu neo ti bn.
Bng I.13 Chiu cao sng c ngha Hs tc dng ln tu neo bn ti vng ca bin

Trong trng hp xut hin sng vng nc su chu k sng dao ng t 7-12s v c xt
n hng sng tc dng ln tu neo ti bn th chiu cao sng c ngha bt li nht Hs ly
theo bng I.14
Bng I.14 Chiu cao sng c ngha Hs tc dng ln tu neo bn ti vng nc su

I.6.2.4

Tng lc do sng, gi v dng chy

Tng lc do sng, gi v dng chy cho trng hp: tu y ti v tu khng ti. (Bng
I.15)
Bng I.15 Bng tng hp lc do sng, gi v dng chy
Tng
hp
(KN)

Lc theo phng ngang (KN)

Gc
()

Gi

Dng

Sng

Ballast

Full

Ballast

Full

Ballast

Full

FTW

FTW

FTc

FTc

FTwave

FTwave

FTW

FTW

FTc

FTc

FTwave

FTwave

Tng
hp
(KN)

Lc theo phng dc (KN)

Gi

Dng

Sng

Ballast

Full

Ballast

Full

Ballast

Full

Fx

FTW

FTW

FTc

FTc

FTwave

FTwave

FY

Fx

FTW

FTW

FTc

FTc

FTwave

FTwave

FY

180

Tng lc ngang do sng, gi v dng chy tc dng theo phng dc tu:

FX FLW FLC FLWave (KN )

Tng lc ngang do sng, gi v dng chy tc dng theo phng ngang tu:
FY FTW FTC FTWave ( KN )
I.6.2.5

Phn phi lc ngang do sng, gi v dng chy tc dng ln bch neo

Hnh I.8

S b tr dy neo

i vi trng hp neo 6 im neo, lc tc dng ln bch neo c gi tr bng 1/3 tng lc

tc dng. (Hnh I.8)
i vi trng hp neo 2 im neo, lc tc dng ln bch neo c gi tr bng tng lc tc
dng.
Lc ngang do sng, gi v dng chy phn phi ln cc im neo c xem xt n cc iu
kin lm vic ca tu v cao mc nc. (Hnh I.9 v hnh I.10)

Hnh I.9

S b tr dy neo xt n dao ng mc nc cho tu y hng

Hnh I.10

S b tr dy neo xt n dao ng mc nc cho tu ballast

Lc theo phng ngang s tc dng ln ln neo mi, neo li v neo hng, lc tc dng theo
phng dc s tc dng ln dy neo ging (BS 6349-4:1994).
Gi tr ca cc thnh phn lc c ly theo cc cng thc trong Bng I.16

Bng I.16 Bng tng hp lc do sng, gi v dng chy

HX(kN)

HY(kN)

HZ(kN)

Ti im neo mi / li

HX

HY
tan

1
H Y FY
2

HZ

H Y . tan
sin

Ti im neo hng

HX

HY
tan

1
H Y FY
2

HZ

H Y . tan
sin

Ti im neo ging cho

H X FX

H Y H X . tan

HZ

H Y . tan
sin

HZ
Sv

HX
Sn

HSq
Y

Hnh I.11

S phn b ti trng neo tu trn mt bch neo

Vi:

FX

Tng lc ngang do sng, gi & dng chy tc dng theo phng dc tu (KN)

FY

Tng lc ngang do sng, gi & dng chy tc dng theo phng ngang tu
(KN)

HX

Lc do sng, gi & dng chy tc dng ln phng nm ngang ti mt im

neo, theo phng song song vi tuyn bn (KN)

HY

Lc do sng, gi & dng chy tc dng ln phng nm ngang ti mt im

neo, theo phng vung gc vi tuyn bn (KN)

HZ

Lc do sng, gi & dng chy tc dng ln phng thng ng ti mt im

neo, theo phng vung gc vi mt bn (KN)

Lc cng dy neo, S

Gc nghing dy neo theo phng nm ngang

Gc nghing dy neo theo phng thng ng

Phng dc theo tuyn bn

Phng vung gc vi tuyn bn

Phng thng gc vi mt bn

2
X

H Y2 H Z2 (KN)

Kt qu phn phi lc ngang do sng, gi v dng chy trnh by theo bng I.17

Bng I.17 Kt qu phn phi lc ngang do sng, gi v dng chy

HY (kN)

Gc ()

HX (kN)

HZ (kN)

S (kN)

Trng hp

Ballast

Full

Ballast

Full

Ballast

Full

Ballast

Full

Full + L.W.L

Gc tnh Gc tnh
ton
ton

Full + H.W.L

Gc tnh Gc tnh
ton
ton

Ballast + L.W.L

Gc tnh Gc tnh
ton
ton

Ballast + H.W.L

Gc tnh Gc tnh
ton
ton

Da vo kt qu tnh ton cho bng bn trn, chn loi bch neo ph hp.
Ngi s dng ly kt qu tnh ton ti trng do neo tu HX, HY, HZ nhp vo chng
trnh Sap2000.

I.7

TI TRNG DO CHNH LCH NHIT

Ti trng do nhit c tnh theo BS6349-1:2000

Ngi s dng cn thu thp y s liu kh tng, thy hi vn ti khu vc xy dng.
Sau khi c y cc s liu, chn bin nhit tnh ton cho ph hp. Nu trong trng
hp s liu thu thp cha ph hp c th ly theo tiu chun TCVN 4088:1985: S liu kh
hu dng trong thit k xy dng. (Hnh I.12)

Hnh I.12

Nhit cc i tuyt i v cc tiu tuyt i ca khng kh

V d: Ti khu vc xy dng ca d n A c:
Nhit bnh qun cao nht : 34oC
Nhit bnh qun thp nht: 18oC
Phm vi thay i nhit trong khong = 34oC - 18oC = 16 oC
Vy chn bin nhit tnh ton l 8 oC
Ngi s dng cn ly kt qu bin tnh ton nhp vo chng trnh Sap2000.

I.8 TI TRNG DO NG T
Ti trng ng t c tnh ton theo 22 TCN-272-95 ( AASHTO)
Ti trng ng t tc dng ln cng trnh bao gm:
1) Ti trng ng t i vi trng lng bn thn kt cu nh dm, bn, tr, cc.
2) Ti trng ng t i vi trng lng khi nc km theo.
3) Ti trng ng t i vi trng lng bn thn thit b (nu c)
Ti trng ng t s c xc nh bng phng php h s gia tc chn rung.
Ngi s dng ly kt qu tnh ton ti ng t nhp vo chng trnh Sap2000, ti
trng ng t vo cng trnh gm hai thnh phn tc dng ng thi nh sau:

Thnh phn tc dng theo phng chnh

= 1.0 x Ti ng t

Thnh phn tc dng theo phng ph

= 0.3 x Ti ng t phng chnh

Theo OCDI ti trng ng t xc nh theo cng thc sau:

F = Kh.m.g
Vi
m:

Khi lng ca kt cu v khi nc

Theo Dynamics of Marine Structures publish by the Underwater Engineering Group

tnh khi nc ng phn cc ngp trong nc xc nh:

m ms mw
Trong :

ms : Trng lng bn thn cc, (T)

mw A.Lwpile . , (T)
A:

din tch mt ct ngang cc ngp trong nc, (m2)

Lwpile : chiu di cc ngp trong nc, (m)

:

trng lng ring nc, (T/m3)

g:

Gia tc trng trng, (m/s2)

Kh: H s gia tc nm ngang khi chn rung, xc nh theo cp ng t. (Bng I.18)

Bng I.18 Quan h gia h s Kh v cp ng t M

H s gia tc Kh

Vng ng t

Cp (MSK-64)

Kh 0.09

Cp 6.5

0.09 Kh 0.19

6.5 cp 7.5

0.19 Kh 0.29

7.5 < cp 8

Ghi ch: Cp ng t xem Hnh I.13 v Hnh I.14

Tham kho mi tng quan gia gia tc cc i v cp ng t theo ti liu C s tnh
ton cu chu ti trng ca ng t ca PGS.TS. Nguyn Vit Trung & ThS. Nguyn
Thanh H (Bng I.19).

Bng I.19 Mi tng quan gia gia tc cc i v cp ng t

Thang MSK -64
Cp ng t

amax = Kh.g

Thang MM
Cp ng t

amax = Kh.g

IV

IV

0.015 - 0.020g

0.030 - 0.040g

VI

0.060 - 0.070g

VII

0.100 - 0.150g

VIII

0.250 - 0.300g

IX

0.500 - 0.550g

> 0.600g

VI

VII

VIII

IX

30 - 60cm/s2
(0.031 - 0.061g)
61 - 120cm/s2
(0.062 - 0.122g)
120 - 240cm/s2
(0.122 - 0.245g)
241 - 480cm/s2
0.246 - 0.490g

Ghi ch:
amax: Gia tc cc i (cm/s2), amax = Kh.g
g: Gia tc trng trng, g = 980cm/s
Kh: H s gia tc nm ngang khi chn rung
* amax trong thang MM tng ng vi gii hn trn ca amax trong thang MSK-64.

Hnh I.13

Bn vng chn ng vi tn sut lp li Bi 0.002

(Chu k T1 500 nm xc sut xut hin chn ng P 0.1 trong khong thi gian 50
nm)

Hnh I.14

Bn cc vng pht sinh ng t mnh v phn vng chn ng cc

i Imax

I.9

TI TRNG DO SNG TC DNG LN CC

Ti trng sng tc dng ln cc theo ti liu Recommendations of Committee for Waterfront

Structures Habours and Waterways EAU 2004
Ti trng do sng tc dng ln ton b chiu di cc ngp trong nc c xc nh theo
cng thc bn di, p dng cho trng hp tnh ton bc thit k k thut thi cng
Ngi s dng ly gi tr lc p nhp vo chng trnh Sap2000.

I.9.1.1

Ti trng do sng tc dng ln 1m di cc theo cng thc Morison

Vi iu kin

D
0,05 v cho sng khng v
L

1
u
p p D p M .C D . W .D.u. u C M . w . A.
2
g
g
t

(*)

Vi:
pM

Lc qun tnh trn mt n v chiu di cc (KN/m)

pD

Lc cn do tc phn t nc to ra trn mt n v chiu di(KN/m)

Tng lc tc dng trn 1m di cc (KN/m)

CM

H s lc qun tnh, CM = 2.0

CD

H s lc cn, ly theo Hnh I.15

Dung trng nc bin: w = 10.3KN/m3

Gia tc trng trng g = 9.81m/s2

ng knh cc (m)

Din tch mt ct ngang ca cc tnh ton cn sng (m2)

Vn tc phn t nc ti v tr cc tnh ton (m/s), ly theo Bng I.20

u du

t dt

Gia tc phn t nc ti v tr cc tnh ton (m/s2), ly theo Bng I.20

Chiu di sng [m]

D/2

C D = 1.98

1.16

2.20

Hnh I.15

2.05

Xc nh h s CD

1.10

1.55

Bng I.20 Quan h l thuyt sng tuyn tnh

1. Phng trnh mt sng

2. Tc truyn sng
3. Chiu di sng

Vng nc nng

Vng chuyn tip

Vng nc su

d 1

L 20

1 d 1

20 L 2

d 1

L 2

H
. cos
2

L g
kd gd
T

L c.T

kdT gd .T

L g
tanh(kd )
T

L c.T

g
tanh(kd )
k

tanh( kd ).T

g
tanh(kd ) .T
k

L g

T

L c.T

g
k

.T

g
.T
k

4. Vn tc phn t nc
a. Phng ngang
b. Phng ng

H g
. . cos
2 d

cosh[k ( z d )]
H
..
. cos
2
sinh(kd )

H
..e kz . cos
2

H
z
..1 sin
2
d

sinh[k ( z d )]
H
..
. sin
2
sinh(kd )

H
..e kz . sin
2

5. Gia tc phn t nc
a. Phng ngang

g
u H
.. . sin
t
d
2

u H 2 cos[k ( z d )]
. .
. sin
t
2
sinh(kd )

u H 2 kz
. .e . sin
t 2

b. Phng ng

w
H
z

. 2 .1 . cos
2
t
d

w H 2 sinh[k ( z d )]
. .
. cos
t
2
sinh(kd )

w H 2 kz
. .e . cos
t
2

Trong Bng I.20, vi:

Trong :

t
T
c
k

L
d
H
x
z

I.9.1.2

2 .x 2 .t

kx t
L
T

2
2
,
, c v
L
k
T

: Gc pha
: Thi gian tnh ton (sec)
: Chu k sng (sec)
: Tc truyn sng (m/s)
: S sng (1/m)
: Tn s gc (1/sec)
: Chiu di sng (m)
: Chiu su nc (m)
: Chiu cao sng (m)
: to theo phng trc x ca im kho st (m) (theo phng truyn sng)
: to theo phng trc z ca im kho st (m) (theo phng thng ng)

Tnh ton cho cc n

Hnh I.16

Ti trng sng tc dng ln cc ng

Thnh phn ti trng sng ln nht pD v pM xy ra khng cng pha. V vy, phi tnh ton
cc gc pha khc nhau v xc nh ti ln nht t ng bao ca thnh phn vn tc v gia
tc ca ht nc.Trong trng hp tnh ton cho cc n theo l thuyt sng tuyn tnh,
thnh phn gia tc lch pha 90o so vi thnh phn vn tc (Hnh I.16).

Hnh I.17

S bin thin ca lc sng t vn tc (ng chm nht) v gia tc

(ng chm m) trong 1 chu k
Chn h trc Oxz, i vi cc n tnh ton ti x = 0
Khi tnh ton ti trng sng tc dng ln cc n phi xt t mt t ln ti v tr z = d +
theo thi gian t = (0, 0.1, 0.2, ..T) trong 1 chu k. Trong d l su nc (m) v l
cao phng trnh mt sng, T l chu k sng. (Hnh I.17).
Xc nh c trng ca cc con sng thuc vng tnh ton no, sau p dng theo cc
cng thc tnh vn tc v gia tc tng ng. (Bng I.20).
Sau khi c y cc thng s, xc nh p lc sng tc dng ln kt cu theo cng thc
(*).
I.9.1.3

Tnh ton cho nhm cc

N

P p n (n ) (**)
n 1

Trong :
N
p n (n )

: S lng cc
: Ti sng tc dng ln tng cc ring l, ly theo gc pha k .x n t

xn
: Khong cch gia cc cc trong mt phng yz
P
: Tng ti trng ngang ca sng tc ng ln nhm cc gm N cc.
- Nu khong cch gia cc bc cc trong nhm cc nh hn nhiu so vi chiu di sng,
khi tnh ton p lc sng tc dng ln cc nh l cc n. Tng p lc sng tc dng
ln nhm cc s bng p lc sng tc dng ln 1 cc nhn vi s lng cc.
- Nu khong cch gia cc bc cc trong nhm cc nh hn chiu di sng, khi
tnh ton p lc sng tc dng ln nhm cc (Hnh I.18).
Chn h trc Oxz, i vi nhm cc phi xt ring cho tng cc ti tng v tr v thi im
khc nhau.

Khi tnh ton ti trng sng tc dng ln nhm cc phi xt t mt t ln ti v tr z = d +

theo thi gian t = (0, 0.1, 0.2, ..T) trong 1 chu k cho tng v tr cc ring bit. Xc
nh c trng ca cc con sng thuc vng tnh ton no, sau p dng theo cc cng
thc tnh vn tc v gia tc tng ng bng I.20.
Sau khi c y cc thng s, xc nh p lc sng tc dng ln nhm cc theo cng
thc (*) v tng p lc sng tc dng ln nhm cc theo cng thc (**).

Hnh I.18
I.9.1.4

Mt bng nhm cc

Cc xin

Trong trng hp cc xin, p lc sng tc dng ln cc ti v tr xem xt c xc nh

trong ta (xo, yo, zo). (Hnh I.19).
Tng lc p.ds do vn tc v gia tc ht nc tc dng ln phn t cc ds (p = f [xo, yo, zo])
c th bng vi lc ngang tc dng ln cc ng gi nh ti ta (xo, yo, zo)
p lc sng tc dng cc xin tnh ton tng t nh cc n nhng xem xt trong ta
(xo, yo, zo) .Khi , vn tc v gia tc ht nc xc nh nh sau:
v u 2 w2
2

v u
w

t t
t

Hnh I.19

Tnh ton ti trng sng

tc dng ln cc xin

I.10 TI TRNG DO DNG CHY TC DNG LN CC

Ti trng do dng chy tc dng ln 1m di cc c xc nh theo cng thc BS 6349-1:
2000
Ngi s dng ly kt qu tnh ton FD nhp vo chng trnh Sap2000.

1
FD C D U 2 An
2
Vi
FD
CD

Lc do dng chy tc dng ln cc (KN/m)

H s lc cn, xc nh theo bng I.21 v hnh I.20

Dung trng nc bin: = 10.3KN/m3

Vn tc trung bnh dng chy (m/s)
iu kin bnh thng: v1 (m/s)
iu kin gi bo:
v2 (m/s)
Din tch cn dng chy ca cc (m2)

An
Re

H s Reynolds, Re

U .WS

Ws

ng knh ca cc c xt them nhm thnh cc, (m)

Ws = (1 + k)*D, vi D: ng knh cc, (m)

H s nht ng hc = 10-6(m2/s)
H s nhm

Hnh I.20

Xc nh h s CD

Bng I.21 Xc nh h s CD v CM
Loi mt ct
ngang
Hnh trn

Dng dng chy hoc hng sng

Bt k

H s lc cn
CD

H s lc
qun tnh
CM

Xem hnh 11

2.0

2.0

2.5

1.6

2.2

0.6

2.5

0.5

2.5

Hnh vung

Hnh vung c
cc gc vt

Hnh lc lng

Hnh bt gic

Bt k

1.4

Dodecagon

Bt k

1.1

1.3

0.8

Cc Rendhex

* Nn dng gi tr cho hnh vung thch hp tr khi c th c nhng gi tr tin cy hn

I.11 TI TRNG DO GI

I.11.1 p lc gi tc dng ln cng trnh

p lc gi tc dng ln cng trnh c tnh theo TCVN 2737-1995: Ti trng v tc ng
- Tiu chun thit k. Thnh phn tnh ca ti trng gi cao z so vi mc chun c
xc nh theo cng thc:

W W0 .k .c

(daN/m)

Trong :
W0

Gi tr ca p lc gi (daN/m), ly theo bng I.22

i vi cng trnh xy dng a hnh phc tp W0 0.0613.V02

Vo

Vn tc gi cao 10m so vi mt chun tng ng vi a hnh dng B(m/s)

H s k n s thay i ca p lc gi theo cao, ly theo bng I.23

H s kh ng
i vi cc tr, ct, sn, dm ly c (0.8 0.6) 1.40
i vi kt cu cc ly c k .c x
i vi kt cu dn khng gian ct c x 1 k1

Bng I.22 Gi tr p lc gi trn bn phn vng p lc gi trn lnh th Vit Nam

Vng p lc gi trn bn
Wo (daN/m2)

I
65

II
95

Ch thch: Phn vng p lc gi xem Hnh I.21

III
125

IV
155

V
185

Bng I.23 H s k k n s thay i p lc gi theo cao v dng a hnh

Dng a hnh
cao Z (m)
A

1.00

0.80

0.47

1.07

0.88

0.54

10

1.18

1.00

0.66

15

1.24

1.08

0.74

20

1.29

1.13

0.80

30

1.37

1.22

0.89

40

1.43

1.28

0.97

50

1.47

1.34

1.03

60

1.51

1.38

1.08

80

1.57

1.45

1.18

100

1.62

1.51

1.25

150

1.72

1.63

1.40

200

1.79

1.71

1.52

250

1.84

1.78

1.62

300

1.84

1.84

1.70

350

1.84

1.84

1.78

350

1.84

1.84

1.84

Ch thch:
1. i vi cao trung gian cho php xc nh gi tr k bng cch ni suy tuyn
tnh cc gi tr trong bng ny.
2. Khi xc nh ti trng gi cho 1 cng trnh, i vi cc hng gi khc nhau c
th c dng a hnh khc nhau.
3. Cc dng a hnh:
* a hnh dng A l a hnh trng tri, khng c hoc c rt t vt cn cao
khng qu 1.5m (b bin thong, mt sng, h ln, ng mui, cnh ng khng
c cy cao)
* a hnh dng B l a hnh tng i trng tri, c mt s vt cn tha tht
cao khng qua 110m (vng ngoi t nh, th trn, lng mc, rng tha hoc
trng non, vng trng cy tha,)
* a hnh dng C l a hnh b che chn mnh, c nhiu vt cn st nhau cao t
10m tr ln (trong thnh ph, vng rng rm,)

Hnh I.21

Bn phn vng p lc gi

I.11.2 p lc gi tc dng ln cc
Xc nh h s kh ng c k .c x
Trong vi:
k

H s, c xc nh nh sau:

l
b

tra bng I.24, suy ra h s k

l
b

Phn chiu di ln nht ca cc chu tc dng ca gi (m)

ng knh cc (m)
H s cn, c xc nh theo hnh I.22

c x
c x

Re

/ d

Re

S Reynold, Re 0.88d Wo .k ( z ). .10 5

d
Wo
k(z)

ng knh cc (m)
p lc gi (daN/m)
H s thay i p lc ng theo cao
H s tin cy, ly bng 1.2

Bng I.24 Xc nh h s k
e

10

20

35

50

100

0.6

0.65

0.75

0.85

0.9

0.95

Hnh I.22

Xc nh h s Cx

I.12 TI TRNG HOT TI XE V HNG HA

Theo Port Designer s Handbook & BS 6349-1:2000 quy nh hot ti xe v hng ha trn
cng trnh bn cu tu theo bng I.25.

Bng I.25 Ti trng hot ti xe v hng ha

I.13 TI TRNG HOT TI CN CU CONTAINER

Theo BS 6349-1:2000: Code of practice for general quy nh hot ti cn cu container
chuyn dng t 4000kN n 6000kN trn mt chn cu. (Hnh I.23)

Hnh I.23

Kch thc loi cu container

I.14 QUY NH V VT LIU

I.14.1 Theo BS 5400:3-2000 v BS 5400:4-1990

Theo BS 5400:3-2000: Code of practice for design of steel bridges.

Lu i vi kt cu thp cn tnh n vn n mn trong mi trng nhit thay i,

quy nh v mc n mn ca kt cu thp ly theo bng I.26.

Bng I.26 Mc n mn ca kt cu thp

Theo BS 5400:4-1990: Code of practice for design of concrete bridges. (bng I.27 & bng
I.28).

Bng I.27 Mun n hi ca b tong (BS 5400:4-1990)

Bng I.28 Cng ca ct thp (BS 5400:4-1990)

I.14.2 Theo TCVN5575-1991 & TCVN4116:1985

Theo TCVN5575-1991: Kt cu thp. Tiu chun thit k quy nh cc gi tr c trng vt
l ca vt liu cho kt cu thp theo bng I.29.

Bng I.29 Cc c trng vt l ca vt liu cho kt cu thp

Theo TCVN4116-1985: Kt cu b tng v b tng ct thp thy cng. Tiu chun thit k
quy nh:
*/ B tng :
Tr s m un n hi ban u ca b tng khi nn v ko Eb c xc nh theo
bng I.30.
H s bin dng ngang ban u ca b tng c ly bng 0,15, cn m un trt
ca b tng G c ly bng 0,4 tr s Eb tng ng.
Khi khng c s liu th nghim, c php ly khi lng th tch ca b tng
nng bng 2,3 T/m3 n 2,5T/m3.
Cc tr s cng tiu chun v tnh ton ca b tng ph thuc vo mc thit k
theo cng chu nn v chu ko dc trc ly theo bng I.31

Bng I.30 M un n hi ban u ca b tng thy cng

Bng I.31 Cng tiu chun v tnh ton ca b tng

*/ Ct thp:

Tr s m un n hi ban u ca ct thp thng v ct thp thanh c ko

cng ly theo bng I.32.
Cc tr s cng tiu chun v tnh ton ca ct thp ch yu dng trong cc kt
cu b tng ct thp thy cng ty thuc vo nhm ct thp ly theo bng I.33.

Bng I.32 M un n hi ban u ca ct thp

Bng I.33 Cng tiu chun v tnh ton ca ct thp

I.15 TI TRNG DO P LC T
Ti trng do p lc t tc dng ln cng trnh tham kho Tiu chun thit k cng bin
hoc BS 6349:1-2000.
I.16 PH LC

I.16.1 S liu tu thit k

I.16.1.1

Cng thc quy i

* Cng thc quy i theo OCDI

Tu hng

: GT = 0,541DWT

Tu Container

: GT = 0,880DWT

Tu du

: GT = 0,553DWT

* Cng thc quy i theo BS6349 Part1-1984

Tu c nh

: D = (2.0 2.5) GT

Tu c ln

: D = (1.5 2.0) GT

Tu hng

: D = 2.0 GT

Tu c nh

: D = (1.4 1.6) DWT

Tu khch

: D = 1.1 GT

Tu container

: D = 1.4 DWT

Tu hng ri

: D = (1.2 1.3) DWT

* Cng thc tnh DT theo OCDI

Tu hng (di 10.000 DWT):

log(DT) = 0,550 + 0,899 log(DWT)

Tu hng (10.000 DWT hoc hn):

log(DT)= 0,511 + 0,913 log(DWT)

Tu container:

log(DT)= 0,365 + 0,953 log(DWT)

Ph (ng xa):

log(DT)= 1,388 + 0,683 log(GT)

Ph (ng gn v trung bnh):

log(DT)= 0,506 + 0,904 log(GT)

Tu bc xp theo phng ngang:

log(DT)= 0,657 + 0,909 log(DWT)

Tu khch (Nht):

log(DT)= 0,026 + 0,981 log(GT)

Tu khch (ngoi quc):

log(DT)= 0,341 + 0,891 log(GT)

Tu ch t:

log(DT)= 1,915 + 0,588 log(GT)

Tu ch du:

log(DT)= 0,332 + 0,956 log(DWT)

Trong :
GT

: Trng ti ng k ca tu (T)

DWT : Trng ti ton phn ca tu (T)

: Lng gin nc ca tu (T)

I.16.1.2 Thng s tu thit k

Kch thc ca tu thit k cho cc bng sau:
Ngi s dng cn tham kho thm ti liu Port Designers Handbook, chng 20, trang
486 n 515.

Bng I.34 Kch thc tu

Bulk carriers

I.16.2 Ti trng sng tc dng ln cc theo SPM 1984 VOL.II

Ti trng do sng tc dng ln ton b chiu di cc ngp trong nc c xc nh theo
cng thc SPM 1984 Vol.II bn di p dng cho trng hp tnh s b.
Tng lc sng tc dng ln cc bao gm lc qun tnh v lc cn: Fw = Fim + FDm
Ngi s dng ly gi tr lc Fw nhp vo chng trnh Sap2000.

Fim CM g

D 2
4

HKim

1
FDm C D gDH 2 K Dm
2
Vi:
Fim

Lc qun tnh (KN)

FDm

Lc cn (KN)

CM

H s lc qun tnh, ly theo Bng I.16

CD

H s lc cn, ly theo Bng I.16

Dung trng nc bin: = 10.3KN/m3

Gia tc trng trng g = 9.81m/s2

ng knh cc (m)

Chiu cao sng tnh ton (m)

Kim, KDm

H s ly theo th Hnh I.24, Hnh I.25

* Xc nh chu k sng T:

T
Trong :
T
k

L
d

, 2 g.k .thkd , k

: Chu k sng (sec)

: S sng (1/m)
: Tn s gc (1/sec)
: Chiu di sng (m)
: su nc (m)

2
L

Hnh I.24

Xc nh h s Kim

Hnh I.25

Xc nh h s KDm

KD

PHN II:

TNH TON KT CU BN CU TU

II.1 TRNH T GII MT BI TON CNG TRNH BN CU TU BNG

PHN MM PHN T HU HN (PTHH)
Tt c cc phn mm phn t hu hn ni chung c cc bc thc hin c bn ging nhau,
ch c cch thc giao tip l khc nhau, trnh t gii mt bi ton kt cu bng phn mm
phn t hu hn c th bao gm cc bc c bn:
Bc 1:
-

Xc nh yu cu tnh ton, cc kt qu cn tm.

Xc nh dng hnh hc ca kt cu.

Xc nh ti trng

Xc nh cc lin kt gia phn t vi nhau v phn t vi t nn.

Chuyn t s kt cu sang s tnh.

Bc 2:
-

Ri rc ha cc kt cu, chn phn t mu thch hp.

Xc nh h ta .

nh s cc im nt, phn t.

Xc nh c trng vt liu theo tiu chun thit k.

Xc nh c trng mt ct ca cc phn t.

Phn chia cc trng hp ti trng.

Nhp d liu

Bc 3:
-

T hp ti trng.

Phn tch bi ton kt cu: ng, tnh, ng lc hc.

Phn tch tuyn tnh hoc phi tuyn tnh v phn tch ng t.

Thc hin gii bi ton.

Kim tra chnh xc ca kt qu.

Hiu chnh d liu ban u nu cn thit.

Bc 4:
-

Biu din kt qu bng hnh v.

X l cc kt qu nu cn.

S dng kt qu.

Bc 1
Xc nh cc yu t u vo
ng

Sai

Bc 2 (Pre-processing)
Thc hin xy dng m hnh
kt cu
ng
Bc 3 (Processing)
Thc hin phn tch
ng
Bc 4 (Post-processing)
Biu din kt qu
(GRAPHICS)

Hnh II.1

Tnh ton kt cu bng phn mm phn t hu hn

II.2 CC LU KHI TIN HNH CC BC GII CNG TRNH BN

BNG PHN MM SAP2000

II.2.1 Bc 1: To s tnh
Cc cch to s tnh c lit k nh sau:

To s tnh thng qua giao din ca chng trnh Sap2000.

To s tnh bng cch son file text.
To s tnh thng qua chng trnh Autocad.
Trong ti liu hng dn ny ch hng dn cch to s tnh thng qua chng trnh
Autocad.

Lu : Trong Autocad cn s dng layer l Sap_Frames nhm cc i tng mun

import qua Sap2000.
Ngi s dng cn phi xc nh c chiu di chu un Lu, chiu di chu nn Ln, c
th to c khung tnh ton cng nh cc h s gn vo chng trnh (xem thm
phn hng dn cch xc nh chiu di tnh ton ca cc).
Sau khi import vo chng trnh Sap2000, ngi s dng cn gn cc lin kt ph hp
vi cc iu kin bin tnh ton. V d nh l iu kin bin l ngm cht, gi di ng, lin
kt thanh, lin kt khp, (xem thm phn hng dn v cch gn lin kt).
Khung cu tu c xt theo khung khng gian. Do tnh cht lm vic trong khng gian,
trong trng hp tng qut tt c cc thnh phn cng ko, nn, un, ct, xon u

tham gia lm vic. Kt cu chu ko, un v nn dc trc c m phng dng thanh, bn

sn m phng dng shell, khi m phng dng solid
Phn t thanh dm (frame) c m t bi ng trc trung ha ca n l on thng gii
hn bi hai im nt c ta xc nh trong khng gian.
Phn t cc (frame) c m t bi ng trc trung ha ca cc tnh t giao im trc
cc vi ng trc ca dm n mt im ngm cht ca cc trong t, ni m mi
chuyn v v bin dng bng khng (chiu di tnh ton ca cc)
Phn t bn sn (shell) loi phn t 2 chiu, tam gic v t gic phng
Mi nt c 6 bc t do gm 3 thnh phn chuyn v thng v 3 thnh phn chuyn v xoay.
Ni lc trong phn t gm 6 thnh phn: lc dc, mment xon, 2 mment un v 2 lc
ct
Dc theo chiu di phn t tit din c th thay i theo quy lut tuyn tnh, parabol hay
bc 3.
d dng trong vic kim sot kt qu ni lc v chuyn v ti cc v tr tnh ton, ngi
s dng cn nh s th t phn t v nt theo quy tc ma trn t mp tuyn ngoi bn vo
n mp trong theo quy lut t tri qua phi, t trong ra ngoi v t di hng ln trn.

II.2.2 Bc 2: Gn vt liu v tit din

Cc lu khi gn vt liu v tit din cho phn t:
Ngi s dng cn chun b trc cc tham s tnh ton ca vt liu (B tng ct thp
thng, b tng ct thp ng sut trc v thp) ty vo quy trnh s dng theo yu cu
ca d n (xem thm phn hng dn v tiu chun cc vt liu).

II.2.3 Bc 3: Gn ti trng v t hp ti trng

Cc lu khi gn ti trng:
Ngi s dng cn phi c cc bng tnh ton xc nh ti trng tc dng ln kt cu,
bao gm cc nhm ti nh sau:
a. Nhm tnh ti: c th l trng lng bn thn ca kt cu (cc, dm, bn, g chn
xe,lan can, lp ph,), trng lng bn thn ca thit b lp trn kt cu (my bm,
ng ng, dn thp, m, bch neo,), p lc t.
b. Nhm hot ti v cc ti trng khc: l cc ti trng ca hng ha, cn trc, t,
sng, gi, dng chy, nhit ,(xem cch xc nh phn tnh ton cc ti trng tc
dng ln cng trnh).
c. Nhm ti ng t: l ti trng gy ra bi trng lng bn thn v cc thit b trn
bn trong khi c chn ng (xem cch xc nh phn tnh ton ti trng do ng t).
Ngi s dng cn phi c cc bng t hp ti trng, cc t hp ny phi tun theo tiu
chun m d n yu cu (xem hng dn phn t hp ti trng).
Ngi s dng nn tun th theo cc quy c k hiu trong hng dn ny ca cc
trng hp ti trng tc dng ln cng trnh.

II.2.4 Bc 4: Gii kt cu
II.2.5 Bc 5: Xut kt qu theo BS 8110-1997
Ngi s dng xut kt qu ni lc v chuyn v ca cc phn t cc/dm/sn/ theo cc
nhm nh sau:
+ Trng hp vi ULS
- Ni lc ca phn t cc: P, V2, V3, T, M2, M3

Ni lc ca phn t dm: P, V2, V3, T, M2, M3

Ni lc ca phn t sn: F11, F22, F12, FMAX, FMIN, FVM, M11, M22, M12,
MMAX, MMIN, V13, V23, VMAX
- Ni lc ca phn t solid (nu c)
+ Trng hp vi SLS
- Chuyn v: UX, UY, UZ, RX, RY, RZ
- Ni lc ca phn t cc: V2, V3, T, M2, M3
- Ni lc ca phn t dm: V2, V3, T, M2, M3
- Ni lc ca phn t sn: F11, F22, F12, FMAX, FMIN, FVM, M11, M22, M12,
MMAX, MMIN, V13, V23, VMAX

II.3 P DNG TNH TON CNG TRNH BN BNG PHN MM SAP2000

Ngi s dng lu , p dng ny c thc hin trn chng trnh Sap 2000 Version V8,
cc version khc c th khng trng khp nh trong ti liu ny.

II.3.1 V kt cu nn cc, h thng dm trn Autocad 3D

Ngi s dng cn lu h trc bn Autocad:
- Mt phng Oxy song song mt bng bn
- Mt phng Oxz song song vi mt trc bn
- Mt phng Oyz song song mt bn bn

II.3.2 Xut sang file *.DXF

File\Export\*.DXF

II.3.3 Load file *.DXF t Acad sang SAP2000

File\Import\*.DXF
-Chn h n v: Ton_m
-Chn phn t: Frames

m bo li gii chnh xc v xut kt qu ti nhng v tr mong mun, ngi s dng

cn chia nh phn t thanh, khng nht
thit phi chia theo v d ny.

- Chn tt c phn t dm
- Assign\Frame\Output Segments
- Number of Segments: nhp s phn
on phn t cn chia nh.

II.3.4 To h bn sn cho kt cu.

* Draw\Draw Quad Area hoc chn biu tng

v bn sn

*Chia bn sn thnh nhiu phn t, nhp vo phn t bn sn, dng lnh

Edit\Mesh Curved Frame\OK
*Chia h thng dm thnh nhiu phn t, nhp vo phn t dm, dng lnh
Edit\Divide Frames\Divide into\OK

II.3.5 Khai bo lin kt

Assign\Joint \ Restraint\

\OK

II.3.6 Khai bo c trng vt liu

- Define\Material
- Modify\Show Material\OK

Mc b tng ct
Mc b tng ct
thp ng sut Mc thp
thp thng
trc

Tham s
Mass per unit Volume

0 (0.25)

0 (0.25)

0 (0.785)

2.50

2.50

7.85

Modulus of Elasticity (T/m )

2.100.000

3.800.000

21.000.000

Poissons ratio

0.20

0.20

0.30

Weight per unit Volume (T/m )

2

-6

Coeff of thermal expansion

12x10
(BS5400:Part 4:
1990- Page 11)
Hoc ly h s
mc nh t
chng trnh tnh

-6

12x10
(BS5400:Part 4:
1990- Page 11)
Hoc ly h s
mc nh t
chng trnh tnh

12x10-6
(BS5400:Part 4:
1990- Page 14)
Hoc ly h s
mc nh t
chng trnh tnh

II.3.7 Khai bo cc loi tit din cc, dm, bn

*Tit din cc
- Define\Frame Sections\Chn Add Pipe
- Modify\Show Property
Section name: CBTUSTD700
Material name: RECON
Outside diameter (t3): nhp ng knh cc
Wall thickness (t2):

nhp b dy thnh cc

-Property Modifiers\Set Modifers

Cross-section (axial) Area : nhp tit din quy i
Torsional Constant: Nhp h s momen xon
(Cch xc nh tit din quy i v h s momen xon xem phn tnh ton chiu di
cc)

*Tit din dm
- Define\Frame Sections\Chn Add Rectangular

- Modify\Show Property
Section name: DN-MR
Material name: CONC
Dedth (t3):

nhp chiu cao tit din

Width (tw):

nhp chiu rng tit din

*Tit din bn sn
- Define\ Area Sections
- Modify\Show Section
Section name: BAN
Material name: CONC
Area type: Shell
Type: Shell
-Thickness
Membrane: nhp chiu dy chu nn, ko
Bending:

nhp chiu dy chu un

II.3.8 Khai bo tit din cho tng cu kin

(Ngi s dng cn phi chn i tng cn gn tit din trc khi tin hnh gn tit din
cho tng cu kin tng ng)
Chn ca s lm vic vi mt phng
Chn phn t cc BTST
Assign\Frame\Section\CBTUSTD700\OK

Chn phn t dm
Assign\Frame\Section\DN-MR\OK

Chn phn t bn sn
Assign\Area\Section\BAN\OK

II.3.9 Khai bo cc trng hp ti trng

Quy c k hiu ti trng (Cc quy c k hiu ti trng cn c vo tiu chun ACI CODE 350/350R-101)
STT

TRNG HP TI

K HIU

TNH TI (DEAD LOAD)

. Ti bn thn kt cu

DLS

. Ti bn thn tuyn ng

DLP

. Ti bn thn thit b (ty tng phn on)

DLE

STT

TRNG HP TI

K HIU

HOT TI (LIVE LOAD)

. Ti cn trc trn bn trng hp bn hot ng

LVC

. Ti cn trc trn bn trng hp gi bo

LVS

. Ti do cc thit b khi sa cha cu,

LVR

. Ti on xe chy trn bn

LVT

. Ti hng ha cht y

LGF

. Ti hng ha cht cch nhp theo phng dc bn

LGL

. Ti hng ha cht cch nhp theo phng ngang bn

LGT

. Ti va tu 1 im (Tu y hng)

LBFO

. Ti va tu 1 im (Tu khng hng)

LBBO

. Ti va tu 2 im (Tu y hng)

LBFT

. Ti va tu 2 im (Tu khng hng)

LBBT

. Ti neo tu (Tu y hng - Trng hp bn hot ng)

LMFW

. Ti neo tu (Tu y hng - Trng hp gi bo)

LMFS

. Ti neo tu (Tu khng hng - Trng hp bn hot ng)

LMBW

. Ti neo tu (Tu khng hng - Trng hp gi bo)

LMBS

. Ti do trn du (+)

LOUP

. Ti do trn du (-)

LOUN

TI TRNG DO GI (WIND)

. Ti gi tc dng ln tuyn ng theo phng dc cu (+)

WPLP

. Ti gi tc dng ln tuyn ng theo phng dc cu (-)

WPLN

. Ti gi tc dng ln tuyn ng theo phng ngang cu (+)

WPTP

. Ti gi tc dng ln tuyn ng theo phng ngang cu (-)

WPTN

. Ti gi tc dng ln cng trnh theo phng dc (+)

WSLP

. Ti gi tc dng ln cng trnh theo phng dc (-)

WSLN

. Ti gi tc dng ln cng trnh theo phng ngang (+)

WSTP

. Ti gi tc dng ln cng trnh theo phng ngang (-)

WSTN

TI TRNG DO SNG V DNG CHY (FLUID)

. Ti do sng tc dng ln cng trnh theo phng dc, max (+)

FWLP

STT

TRNG HP TI

K HIU

. Ti do sng tc dng ln cng trnh theo phng dc, max (-)

FWLN

. Ti do sng tc dng ln cng trnh theo phng ngang, max (+)

FWTP

. Ti do sng tc dng ln cng trnh theo phng ngang, max (-)

FWTN

. Ti do dng chy tc dng ln cng trnh theo phng dc, max (+)

FCLP

. Ti do dng chy tc dng ln cng trnh theo phng dc, max (-)

FCLN

. Ti do dng chy tc dng ln cng trnh theo phng ngang, max (+)

FCTP

. Ti do dng chy tc dng ln cng trnh theo phng ngang, max (-)

FCTN

TI TRNG DO NHIT (TEMPERATURE)

. Ti nhit tc dng ln tuyn ng (+)

TPP

. Ti nhit tc dng ln tuyn ng (-)

TPN

. Ti nhit tc dng ln cng trnh (+)

TSP

. Ti nhit tc dng ln cng trnh (-)

TSN

TI NG T (EARTHQUAKE)

. (+1.0 Dc) (+0.3 Ngang) (90 )

ESLPP

. (+1.0 Dc) (-0.3 Ngang) (90 )

ESLPN

. (-1.0 Dc) (-0.3 Ngang) (90 )

ESLNN

. (-1.0 Dc) (+0.3 Ngang) (90 )

ESLNP

. (+0.3 Dc) (+1.0 Ngang) (90 )

ESTPP

. (+0.3 Dc) (-1.0 Ngang) (90 )

ESTPN

. (-0.3 Dc) (-1.0 Ngang) (90 )

ESTNN

. (-0.3 Dc) (+1.0 Ngang) (90 )

ESTNP

TI TRNG DO P LC T

. p lc t tc dng ln cng trnh

HEPS

Cch tnh cc gi tr ca cc trng hp ti xem phn ph lc tnh ton ti trng.

Ngi s dng khng nn thay i h thng k hiu trong bng trn, ty theo ti trng tc
dng m ngi s dng s m rng thm cc k hiu bn trn cho thch hp vi d n.
Define\Load Cases

O
O

* i vi ti trng bn thn, khai bo:

Type: DEAD
Self Weight Multiplier = 1 (Lu : khng phi SWM lc no cng bng 1)
* i vi ti trng hot ti, khai bo:
Type: LIVE
Self Weight Multiplier = 0
* i vi ti trng khc, khai bo:
Type: chn type cho ph hp vi tng loi ti trng nh sng, gi, ng t,
Self Weight Multiplier = 0

II.3.10 Gn cc trng hp ti trng

II.3.10.1 Ti trng bn thn
Ti trng bn thn chng trnh s t tnh
II.3.10.2 Hot ti trn bn
Assign\Area loads\Uniform(Shell)

II.3.10.3 Ti trng do va tu

(Cch xc nh ti trng do va tu xem thm phn tnh ton ti trng do lc va tu).

Chn v tr im va
Assign\Joint loads\Forces
O

II.3.10.4 Ti trng do neo tu

(Cch xc nh ti trng do neo tu xem thm phn tnh ton ti trng do lc neo tu).
Chn v tr im neo
Assign\Joint loads\Forces

II.3.10.5 Ti trng do nhit

Ngi s dng lu , cch nhp ti trong nhit ch mang tnh minh ha. V d y l
nhp cho trng hp nhit m -7o.
(Cch xc nh ti trng do nhit xem thm phn tnh ton ti trng do nhit ).
- Select All
- Assign\Frame loads\Temperature
- Assign\Area loads\Temperature

II.3.10.6 Ti trng do dng chy tc dng ln cc

(Cch xc nh ti trng do dng chy tc dng ln cc xem thm phn tnh ton ti
trng do dng chy)

- Chn tt c cc cc
- Assign\Frame Loads\Distributed

II.3.10.7 Ti trng do thit b trn bn

a. Nhp th cng

- Chn phn t dm cn trc

- Assign\Frame Loads\Point

b. Nhp ti trng di ng t chng trnh.

b-1.nh ngha ray cn trc
Define\Moving Load Cases\Lanes
Lane1: ng ray cn trc 1
Lane2: ng ray cn trc 2

b-2. Khai bo d liu ln xe

Define\Moving Load Cases\Lanes
Chn Lane1\Modify/Show Lane

Frame: S hiu ca phn t thanh to thnh dm cn trc

Eccentricity: lch tm ca phn t i vi tm ca ln xe

(Ln xe c lch tm bng 0)

Ngi s dng cn lu , m bo tnh chnh xc s hiu phn t thanh to thnh dm
cn trc, chn chc nng Set Element
bc label ca phn t thanh. Nhp s hiu
ca phn t th t t u n cui phn t dm cn trc, c hai lane u nhp ging nhau
v cng chiu, trnh trng hp 2 lane nhp ngc chiu nhau.
b-3. Khai bo thit b v ti trng
-Define\Moving Load Cases\Vehicles
Add Standard Vehicle: Thm mt ti trng xe tiu chun theo AASHTO
Add General Vehicle: Thm mt ti trng xe tng qut.
CT1: Ti trng cc bnh xe cn trc trn ng ray th nht.
CT2: Ti trng cc bnh xe cn trc trn ng ray th hai.

- Chn tn ti trng cn khai bo

- Modify/Show Vehicle

Axle: Nhp gi tr ti trng mi bnh xe ca cn trc trn ng ray th nht.

Min Distance: Nhp khong cch nh nht gia 2 bnh xe ng gn nhau ca cn trc.

MaxDistance: Nhp khong cch ln nht gia 2 bnh xe ng gn nhau ca cn trc.

Lm tng t cho CT2
Ngi s dng lu , khi nhp ti trng bnh xe phi nhp cho c cc chn cn trc trn
cng trn 1 ng ray.
b-4. Khai bo nhm ti trng
Define\Moving Load Cases\ Vehicle Classes \Add Load
Modify/Show Class
Vehicle name: chn ti trng cn trc
LVC1 cha ti trng chn cn trc trn ng ray th nht
LVC2 cha ti trng chn cn trc trn ng ray th hai

Ngi s dng lu , nu c hai hay nhiu cn trc cng chy trn ray, khi khai bo nhm
ti trng phi khai bo tt c cc ti trng hot ng trn ng ray.
Khai bo tng t cho LVC2
b-5. Khao bo cc trng hp ti trng
Define\Moving Load Cases\ Moving Load Cases \Add Load
Modify/Show Load

Modify/Show Assign/OK

Lm tng t cho CR2

II.3.10.8 Ti trng do ng t (ng t do bn thn v do cn trc)

(Cch xc nh ti trng do ng t xem thm phn tnh ton ti trng do ng t)

Select All
Assign\Frame Loads\Gravity
-

Nhp ti ng t do bn thn

Nhp ti ng t do cn trc: nhn h s vi cc lc ti chn cn trc v nhp

trc tip ti v tr cc chn cn trc .

II.3.10.9 Ti trng do gi tc dng ln cng trnh

(Cch xc nh ti trng do gi xem thm phn
tnh ton ti trng do gi tc dng ln cng trnh)
Chn cc phn t chu tc dng ti trng do gi

Assign\Frame Loads\ Distributed

II.3.10.10Ti trng do sng tc dng ln cc

(Cch xc nh ti trng do sng xem thm

phn tnh ton ti trng do sng tc dng ln
cc)
Chn cc phn t chu tc dng ti trng do sng

Assign\Frame Loads\ Distributed

II.3.10.11Ti trng do p lc t
(Cch xc nh ti trng do p lc t xem thm
phn tnh ton ti trng do p lc t)
Chn cc phn t chu ti trng do p lc t

Assign\Frame Loads\ Distributed

II.3.11 T hp cc trng hp ti trng
Define\Combination\Add New Combo

Ngi s dng cn lu , y ch l COM cho cc t

hp ti trng chung. Khi t hp cc trng hp ti
trng, ngi s dng phi t hp theo cc ti trng
ca d n.
Cc trng hp t hp ti trng bn di ly theo Tiu chun ACI - Code Requirements
for Environmental Engineering Concrete Structures ( ACI 350-01) and Commentary (ACU
350R-01). Ngi s dng c th tham kho thm Tiu chun AASHTO, BS 6349-1:2000

II.3.11.1 Trng hp ti hn ULS

COM001 = 1.4D + 1.7L
COM002 = 0.75 x (1.4D + 1.7L + 1.7W)
COM003 = 0.9D + 1.3W
COM004 = 1.05D + 1.28L + 1.4E
COM005 = 0.9D + 1.43E
COM006 = 1.4D + 1.7L + 1.7H
COM007 = 1.4D + 1.7L + 1.7F
COM008 = 0.75 x (1.4D + 1.4T + 1.7L)

II.3.11.2 Trng hp lm vic SLS

COM001 = D + L

COM002 = D + L + W
COM003 = D + W
COM004 = D + L + E
COM005 = D + E
COM006 = D + L + H
COM007 = D + L + F
COM008 = D + T + L

Ngi s dng cn lu , cc k hiu D, L, E, F, T, H cn xem mc III.9

Ngi s dng nn tun th theo h thng k hiu t hp ti trng bao gm 3 text v 3 ch
s nh bn trn. V d: COM001 (3 text: COM, 3 ch s: 001)
II.3.12 Gii bi ton:
Analyze\Run Analysis\Run now\OK

II.3.13 Xut kt qu

Ni lc
Ni lc ca phn t cc
Ni lc ca phn t dm
Ni lc ca phn t sn
Chuyn v

II.4 TI LIU THAM KHO

1.

Tiu chun ngnh Cng trnh bn cng Bin Tiu chun thit k 20 TCN 207-92
B Giao thng Vn ti NXB Xy dng H Ni 1992.

2.

Tiu chun ngnh Mng cc Tiu chun thit k 20 TCN 21-86 B Xy Dng
NXB Xy dng H Ni 1991.

3.

Tiu chun thit k cu 22TCN-272-95 Tiu chun k thut cng trnh giao thng
Tp VIII NXB Giao thng vn ti.

4.

Tiu chun xy dng Vit Nam TCVN 2737-1995 Tp I B Xy Dng NXB

Xy dng H Ni 1997.

5.

Tiu chun xy dng Vit Nam TCVN 2737-1995 Tp III B Xy Dng NXB
Xy dng H Ni 1997.

6.

Tiu chun xy dng Vit Nam TCVN 2737-1995 Tp V B Xy Dng NXB

Xy dng H Ni 1997.

7.

C s tnh ton cu chu ti trng ca ng t PGS.TS. Nguyn Vit Trung &

ThS. Nguyn Thanh H NXB Giao thng vn ti H Ni 2004.

8.

Zavriev v G.K.Shpiro. Thit k mng su tr cu. Nh xut bn Xy dng vn ti,

Maxcva, 1975.

9.

Techical Standards and Commentaries for Port and Harbours facilities in Japan
(OCDI).

10.

Port Designers Handbook Recommendations and Guidelines Carl A Thoresen

11.

Shore Protection Manual Volume II Department of the Army US Army Corps of

Engineers Washingotn, DC 20314

12.

Recommendations of Committee for Waterfront Structures Habours and Waterways

EAU 2004.

13.

British Standard BS 6349-4:1994, BS 6349-1:2000, BS 8110-1997, BS 5400-3:2000,

BS 5400-4:1990 British Standards Institution.

14.

ACI - Code Requirements for Environmental Engineering Concrete Structures ( ACI

350-01) and Commentary (ACU 350R-01)

15.

AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications ISBN: 1-56051-251-5 Publication

Code: LRFDSI 3 American Association of State Highway and Transporttaion
Officials.

16.

Hng dn s dng Sap2000 Ths. Bi Vn Chng & KS. Trn Trng Hi Trng
i hc Bck Khoa TPHCM.