Professional Documents
Culture Documents
2011 ,
2011
,
" -.
/
.
" " .
,
, .
" .
:
'
) :" -(:
-
"
"
'
3
4
5
6
7
36
37
8
9
, ,
10
12
13
15
16
17
19
20
'
38
39
'
1
,
,
22
23
24
25
26
41
42
44
46
48
49
50
51
53
54
55
56
57
59
60
61
62
63
64
66
69
74
75
78
28
29
30
31
34
...
"
' 672
48"
"
28
28
28
28
42
2"
2"
2"
2"
3"
154
11"
"
28
28
56
2"
2"
4"
,
,
"
70
138
52
28
14
94
10
28
28
462
5"
10"
4"
2"
1"
6.5"
1.5"
2"
2"
33"
672 48"
"
' :
28
4/2010
:
.1
.2
, ,.
) , , (.
.4
) ,(.
.5
) , , ,(.
.6
) , , ,(.
.
.3
.7
"
' :
28
4/2010
, ,:
, , ,
.
.
:
.1
: .
.2
: , ,.
.3
: .
.4
.5
.6
.7
, , .
"
' :
28
4/2010
,.
.
, ,.
.
.
.
.
.
.
"
4/2010
' :
28
,
.
, ,
- .
, , ,
.
, ,,
. ,
.
, ,
.
, , .
, .
"
4/2010
' :
42
: .
.
.
.
.
.2
.
).(r
.
)( )(.
: , , .
, ,
.
, ,.
, ,
.
.
: , ,.
,.
, , .
"
' :
28
4/2010
:
.1
.2
.3
.4
.5
.6
.7
.8
.9
, , , .
, , , .
: ,.
, , .
, , , , , .
, , .
.
) , ,'(.
) , , (.
"
4/2010
' :
28
,
.
" .
" '.
, .
.
.
.
"
10
:
' :
4/2010
70
. ) 30(:
, , ,.
, , , , ,
, .
, ,/ , ,
, .
, , , ,
.
, , , , .
: , , mg/dl, mmol/l , ,
, ,.
, , ,pH ,
, .
.
, ,.
, , .
, ,
, .
, , ,
.
, , , ,
, , ,.
, , ,DNA , .RNA
- , - ,
1,4.1,6 -
"
11
. ) 40(:
, ,
, , .
, -.
, , DNA -.
, ,
, , - , , "
.
, , , , ,G6PD
, .
,.
,B.U.N. , .
, , LDL ,
, ,
, .LDL-
,,
.
-.
.
, , .
HEME , ,
, .
, .
.
"
12
:
' :
138
4/2010
, , , , ,
12
, , .
, , ,
, , .
16
, .
, , , , ,
, .
, ,
16
, .
.
, , .
16
, , , ,
12
.
, , , ,
14
, , , ,
.
, , , - ,
14
, , , ,,
, .
, , .
16
, , ,
, , , ,
.
, , .
, .
12
, , , ,.
,.. . , , ,
"
13
4/2010
:
' :
52
,
,
.
: ,
, , .
: ,,
. .
: , , .
: , ,
, .
, , , .
" : , ,
, ,/.
) ,(+ ) ,(- ) ,(+ ) ,(-
, .
: , ,
,
: , , .
, " : , ,
,.
-:
Trematoda, Cestoda
:
: , , ,
.
, , .
: , , ,.
Flagellata Rhizopoda
Sporozoa
"
14
: , , , , )(.
, ) ,(RNA/DNA .
" : , , ,
,/.
Entero Viruses Herpes Group Viruses
MMR Viruses
,
.
.
:
Innate immune defense
Specific immune defense
, ,
.
. B T
. , .
.
ABO ,Rh- .
:
Humoral response
Cell Mediated Immunity
/ , / ,
.
,
, , ,
.
"
15
+
:
' :
4/2010
28
, , ,,
14
:
, ,
: , , , ,
14
,X
, .PCR
"
16
:
' :
14
4/2010
:
Nutrients, Nutrition, Nutritional Care, Nutritional Status, Nutrional Assesment.
:
, , , ,.
" " , , ,
.
:
: , , ,.
.
, .
: , , , , ,
: ,
, .
, .
: , , ,
, , , ,.
, , ,.
, .
.
) Tg( , , , , ,
, , , ,.
- , , ,
) ,(D.O.R , B.M.I , .
, ,
, , .
, , , ,
.
R.D.A
, , , ,
"
17
' :
66
4/2010
.
,
. ,
,
. , ,
.
, ,
.
.
.ACE
.Angiotensin-2-
.
, - ,
.
, , ,
. .
.PROTOZOA
.HELMINTHS
.
.
,.
"
18
' :
28
-.
-.
,
,CARBAPENEMS ,CEPHALOSPORINS ,PENICILLINS
:
,TETRACYCLINES ,AMINOGLYCOSIDES ,VANCOMYCIN ,MONOBACTAMS
,SULFONAMIDES ,CLINDAMYCIN , CHLORAMPHENICOL,MACROLIDES
,METRONIDAZOLE ,QUINOLONES .
, ,
,-
.
10
' :
10
.
.
.3
, .
.4
.5
) (.
.2
.1
.
.
.
, .
.
"
19
)(
:
' :
28
4/2010
.
, ,
, .
.
; ; ,
.
: ).Post Mortom (PM
) (Biopsy
)(ETIOLOGY
)Section
.(Frozen,
* (Endogenous) : ) (Constitution
* (Exogenous) : , ;
; , , ,.
PATHOGENESIS
:
Hamartoma
Amyloidosis ; , , .
)(NECROSIS
; ; ; : , , ,
) (Gangrenous ; .
: ; , , ,
"
20
' :
28
4/2010
.
.
.2
: , , , ,
.
: , , , .
.1
.3
: , .
.4
).(Health Indicatirs
.5
: , , ,
.6
, .
, , , .
.7
.8
: ,.
.9
: , , , ,
.
: ,.
.10
Normality
,AB Normality- .
.12
: , , ,
.
.11
"
21
' 350
72 1
196 2
28 3
48 4
1
+
28
22
"
72
5"
"
22
4/2010
' :
:
:
, .
,
, .
: , ,
, .
.
) (.
.
: .
: , .
"
23
4/2010
' :
28
:
:
.
, .
.
.
.
, .
.
.
.
)Thinking
.(Critical
. , ,,
. ..
"
24
4/2010
' :
:
:
.
, .
"
25
' :
22
4/2010
.
. .
, ,
.
,
-.
.
.
, .
.
/ .
.
12
.
.
.
.
.
10
"
26
4/2010
' :
, .
) ' (.
.
, " , "
.
" "
.
" " )' (13 ,
, , )- , , ,( )' .(14
, .
.
" " )' 13'( .
.
: .
(.
//(.
.
.
.
. .
.
.
, , .
: , , ,
.
. , .
: .
"
27
2
) (
16
16
28
100
36
"
196
14"
"
28
4/2010
' :
16
:
:
.
.
.
, .
.
, .
" '.
.
.
"
29
4/2010
Heparin/ Nacl
0.9%
O.T.C
" "
"
30
4/2010
' :
28
8 +
) 6' (
.
, .
.
.
, , ,.
, , .
10 +
) 10' (
.
.
.
.
.
: , , '.
"
31
4/2010
' :
100
.
, .
:,Gastrostomy ,
/PPN ,Jejunostomy
4
).(
TPN
. .
.
, .
.
.
) (.
.
.
.
.
.Heparin/ Nacl 0.9%
).(
).(
).(
: , .
.
, .
, .
) ( .C.V P ,
.I.V
20
6
"
32
, , :
10
, ,
Puls Oxymeter ,
.
: , " :,,
.
,
,. ,
.
14
.
)
(.
, .
.
.
.
,
.
.
, .
:
)(A.S.A
, ,
- , ,
).(Malgnant Hypertermia
"
33
.Hypovolemuc
.
.
.
.
, , ,
,
.
.
.
.O.T.C
14
4
).(
"
34
' :
36
4/2010
- ,
-.
.
: ,'-.
.
.
.
, .
" ' .
.
-.
.
.
" .LAZARUS, SELYE
: .
)
(.
: , ,.
24
"
35
"
28
2"
28
28
56
4"
"
36
' :
4/2010
:
.1
.2
.3
.4
.5
.6
.
.
.
.
.
.
"
37
4/2010
' :
20
) 4 .(Case Mangement
8
8
/.
.
/.
.
"
38
)(
' :
28
4/2010
.1 ,
.
.2
.
.3 .
,
, ;
;
.
:
.1
.2
.3
.4
.5
.6
, .
.
.
.
.
.
"
39
4/2010
' :
28
.
, , .
.
- , ,
: , ,.
.
- , ,.
"
40
'
336
24"
42
3"
70
5"
70
5"
84
6"
28
2"
98
6"
42
3"
"
770
55"
"
41
' :
:
:
4/2010
336
.
, , ,
, , , " ,
.
:- , , , .
.1
.2
.3
.4
.5
.6
.7
.8
.9
.10
.11
.12
.13
.14
.15
.16
,
+
)(
) (
..
"
42
40
)(
20
4'
2'
Thoracocentesis, Biopsy Bronchoscopy
,Angiographia ,C.T X-Ray
..
S.A.R.S
Pneumonia
10
Pneumonia , COPD -
Asthma ,Chronic Bronchitis
Tracheostomy
)/ (
.
.
-
,.
"
43
14
) (
Tumor Of The Mediastinum ,Lung Absces,Lung Cancer
:
:
Pneumonectomy , Lobectomy
Flail Chest
:
Gunshot
Stab Wounds
Hemothorax ,Pneumothorax
Subcutaneous Emphysema
Thorax Drain
"
44
56
46
8
4
30 10 6
.
,
.
: ," ,,
, , .
: .
, , , ,,
.
Sinus Tachycardia
Sinus Bradycardia
Premature Atrial Contraction
Atrial Tachycardia
Atrial Flutter
Atrial Fibrillation
Nodal Rhythm
) A.V. Block ( , , - Degree
Premature Ventricular Contraction
Ventricular Tachycardia
Ventricular Flutter
Ventricular Fibrillation
.
-.
, ) /( , ,
.
.
"
45
, , )
( , , .
Congestive Heart Failure
Cardiogenic Shock
Dilated / Hypertrophic / Restrictive Cardiomyopathy
, ,
, ,
- , ,
,,
.
,
, ,
.
10
, P.V.D ,
, Nice, Nili , )(
Buerger Raynaud
Aneurysm
"
46
40
, ) ,
( , ,UREA.
, , , , ,
.
T.P.N
Parotitis -
...
StomatitisAchalazia
Gastritis
I.B.D
, Hernias - ,Intussuseption - -
Volvulus
PARALYTIC ILEUS -
" -"
10
, Colectomy, Colostomy -
-
Ca of colon
Ca Of Rectum
"
47
11
12
13
14
15
Hemorrhoids
E.R.C.P
Cholecystitis
Cholelithiasis, Choledocholithiasis -
Lap/Open Cholecystectomy, Choledochotomy
Acute/Chronic Pancreatitis
/
Ca Of Pancreas -
: , , .
,A,B,C,D, E
Viral/Acute/Chronic
, ,
Blakemore Sengstaken
, ,
Hepatitis -
Cirrhosis -
, )(Splenectomy
"
48
, .
, .
Carcinoma in situ
Invasive Carcinoma
, ,
:
, prosthetics
Reconstructive surgery
"
49
14
, ,
( ), ,
Anemia:
Acute Hermorrhagic
Aplastic
Sickle Cell
G6 PD Deficiency
Autoimmune Hemolytic
Iron Deficiency
( ) , , )
Polycythemia
Secondary Polycythemia, Polycythemia Vera
Infectious Lymphocytosis
Leukemia
(ALL)
Acute Lymphocytic
Hodgkin's Disease
Multiple Myeloma
Thrombocytopenia
Secondary Thrombocytopenia
Essential Thrombocytosis
Thrombopheresis
Disseminated Interavascular Coagulation (DIC)
Hemophilia A+B
Hematopheresis
Chemotherapy
Inmunotherapy
"
50
20
.
,
, , .
, , .
, ,
,
, , .
:
.
.
: , .
: ,
, , .
: ,.
: .
,
, .
: , , ,,
, , .
PALIATIVE
CARE
Portacath
Hickman
"
51
34
12 2 +
Cystitis
Pyelonephritis
Prostatitis Epidermitis Orchitis Urosepsis
:
: ) (
Hydronefrosis Ca Of Bladder
Hhypernefroma Wilms Tumor
Tumor of Testis
:
:
:
Radical Nephrectomy
Stress Incontinence
Neurogenic Bladder
, .
, ,.
, Uretheres ,.Urethra-
, ,
, , ,
, .
"
52
20
, ,
, , ,
,.
Glomerulonephritis
Nephrotic Synorome
Chronic Renal Failure ,Acute Renal Failure
-
, - .
Post Streptoccocal Glomerulonephritis
, ,
.
Peritoneal Dialysis
Hemodialysis
.
-
.
-
.
"
53
16
, )
(.
Sheean Syndrome
:
Acromegaly Gm
:
Diabetes Insipidus ADH
Inappropriate ADH Secretion ADH
HYPOPHYSIS
Hypothyroidism Myxedema
:
THYROID
:
:
: ,.
.
..
Hypoparathyroiditisim
PARATHYROID
Hyperparathyroiditisim
ADRENAL
Pheochromocytoma
) (.
: ,
, , , ,
, .
"
54
20
, .
, .
.
, .
, ,.
,
,Monobactams ,Carbapenems ,Cephalosporins ,Penicillins :
.
, )
.
.FUO
Fever
,(Typhoid ,,
, , :
, ,,
Infectious Mononucleosis
West-Nule-A-Fever
, , : ,,
, ,' .
)(AIDS
I.M.N
, , , , .
, , , .
.
.Infection Mono Nucleosis
, , ,
.
, , ,A, B , ,,
,.
"
55
14
2 +
14
, ,
, ,
/ .Arthroscopy
, /
Compartment Syndrom
/ Shaft-
,Hemiarthroplasty
, Acetabulum-
Osteomyelitis
/ ,Arthrodesis ,
/
T.S.R, T.H.R, T.K.R
,
,
Paget, Perthes
Hammer Toes ,Slipped Epyphysis
Hallux Valgus
Osteoporosis ,
) (L.B.P
Laminectomy ,Disectomy
Kyphosis
,Scoliosis
"
56
GOUT
Rheumatoid Arthritis
- S.L.E
Scleroderma
Dermatomyositis
Sjogren Disease .
VASCULITIS
Necvotising Vasculitis
Hypersensitivity Vasculitis
F.M.F.
Amyloidosis
Fibromyalgia
"
57
30
16
, , ,Cerebellum
.
MRI
CT
Us of Carotis
Angio + Myelography
CSF
Epilepsy
Postraumatic Epilepsy
Status Epilepticus
Stroke (C.V.A), Cerebal Aneurysme
Migrane
- ,
Parkinson's
(GBS) Guillain-Barre Syndrome
GBS
(MG) Myasthenia Gravis
Aids Dementia
"
58
14
,ICP , .
Barbiturate Coma
Ventriculostomy CRANIOTOMY
, , ,
.
" :
,
Syndrom Inapropriate ADH
,Diabetes Insipidus
, : ,,
, ,
Ventricular Shunt
Thymectomy MG-
"
59
10
: ,
,
: , ,
: , ,
: , ,
, wimmers ear : ,.
: ,.
: ,
.
, ,SOM ,
- , ,
, , ,
, , ,
,BPPV , , .Bells .
, , , , ,
.
: , , , .
, .
, ,
, , - .
: ,
, .
THYROIDECTOMY
.
Thyroidectomy
"
60
10
"
61
10
2
2
fundus ,angiography
glaucoma
cataract
Macular degeneration
Orbital trauma
, , ,
"
62
) (
" : , , , , ,
.
-
A.B.C.
: , ,
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
, , ,
.
Escarotomy
Debridment
"
63
4/2010
' :
42
, " , :/ ,
, , , .AGEISM
, , ,.
MILLER
"
, ,
, .
, , , ,.
).(
B-ADL, I-ADL, A-ADL, FIM, MMTE.
, , ,
.
, , ,.
2
)
(
"
64
:
' :
4/2010
70
,
.
.
.
.
28
.
.
.
) , ,
'(.
.
.
.
.
"
65
14
.
" .
.
.
.
.
.
.
12
.
.
.
.
16
, .
.
.
.
"
66
:
' :
4/2010
70
-
,
" .DSM IV-
.
.
:
- IV
DSM
ICD
- 10
-
, ,.
" .WHO -
/.
: , , ,
.
.
, , , , .
-
, , .
.
Affective Disorders
, , -; .
.
Conversion Disorders, Hypochondriasis
, , ,
Dissociative Disorders
, , ,-.
"
67
,
) (.
:
:- , .
PTSD.
.
(Stimulant) - .(Hallucinogen) -
;
.
).(Borderline Personality
)
(
.
, , , , .
, .
,
.
,.
, ,ADHD ,.
.
, .
, : ;1991 , ;1996 ,
,1992 ,
.
.
.
"
68
, , , ,
, , , .
)(
" : ; ; ;
; ) (.
, .
.
,; .E.C.T -
ECT
.E.C.T
"
69
:
' :
4/2010
84
, .
,
.
, .
,
.
.
,
.
.
.
.
, , : ,
, , , F.T.T .
:- , , ,
.
"
70
.
/.
.
.
, , .
, .
.
, / , :
, .
: ,
, Hyper/HypoglycemiaPolycythemia Hypocalcemia ,
.
:
Apnea, Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia, Respiratory Distress Syndrome
.
, .
PDA.
:
Necrotizing Entrocolitis
Intracranial Hemorrhage : .
Retinopathy of Prematurity.
; , ,
.
"
71
:
Acute Viral Nasopharyngitis ,Acute Streptococcal, Pharyngitis,
Tonsillitis Infectious,MononucleosisInfluenza, Otitis Media, Croup
Syndromes: Acute Epiglottitis, Acute Laryngotracheobronchitis, Acute
Spasmodic Laryngitis
:
)Bronchiolitis Pneumonia (viral, bacterial, atypical
:
.
:
,Hyperactive Airway Disease ,Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome
Cystic Fibrosis, A.L.T.E.
,
, .
:
)(Defects with decreased pulmonary blood flow
Tetralogy OF Fallot
)(Obstructive defects
Aortic Stenosis, Coarctation of Aorta
) (Mixed defects
Transposition of Great Arteries
Bacterial Endocarditis
, , .
"
72
,
:
Shigella, E.Coli, Salmonella, Campylobacter
Rota virus,Entrovirus
) (
Crohn's Disease, Ulcerative Colitis
:
Short-Bowel Syndrome, Celiac Disease
:
Constipation, Hirschsprung Disease, Gastroesophageal Reflux
Irritable Bowel Syndrom
:
Pyloric Stenosis, Intussusception, Malrotation and Volvulus
:
Trachoesophageal, fistula Esophageal atresia , Cleft lip and palate
Acute Appendicitis
, , .
:
Cryptorchidism, Vesicoureteral Reflux, Hypospadias, Epispadias
:
Urinary tract infections
:
Acute Glomerulonephritis , Nephrotic Syndrome
, , .
:
:
"
73
Thalassemia , SCID , Physiological Anemia
:.
, ,
/
:
,
:
Microcephalus, Hydrocephalus
Meningomyelocele
:
Meningitis, Encephalitis
:
, Infantil Spasem ,
Cerebral palsy, Epilepsy
:
Verding - Hoffman disease:
:
Guillain Barre Syndrome, Hypotonia, Duchenne muscular dystrophies
,
, .
: , , , , , ,
, ,
.
"
74
:
' :
4/2010
28
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
" ,
, ,
, , .
- , .
, , .
.
.
.
.
.
Gynecomasti, Testicular Torsion, Epididymitis, Varicocele
Penile Problems
PMS ,
, ,.
, ,.
.
"
75
:
' :
4/2010
98
.
.
, ,
,50- , ,
.
, , , ,
,
.P.M.S
24 2 +
,
, .
: , ,
.
, , , .
, ," .
, , .
.
,Coombs Test ,ABO ,RH- ) Anti D (.
"
76
, , .Mola ,
Placenta Previa .
2,3
.
.
20
4P , .
) (.
, , ,.PH ,
, , , .
,CPD
DYSTOCIA
: , , ,
.
: , , ,.
14
, , .
IUGR
, ,.
PROM,P.C,
"
77
10 2 +
, .
: , ,.
.
, : / , .
,Biopsy , ,Conisation : .
.Pap Smear
) (.
PID ,S.T.D
,H.P.V , , .
14
- : , , ,
, ,.endometriosis P.C.T ,
- : , .
: , .
- , ,.
, .
8
.
,
: , , ,
.
: ,
.
"
78
4/2010
:
42
' :
A.T.L.S
"
) ,(Advanced Trauma Life Support
, .
.
24
,
.
," ,A.T.L.S .
, , ,
, ,.
,
.
, .
, ,
.
, .
, .
,
.
, , , .
, , ,
, , CO ,CN-
.
, .
"
79
)"(
, ,
, ,
, .
, ,, - .
.
, : , , , .
.SARS -
: , .
, .
: , "
"
80
10
Flail
//
4
.Chest
Wounds, Gunshot
:
.Stab
, Ureters ,.Uretra-
Thorax Drain,
/
2
/
2'
/ Shaft- .
, .Acetabulum-
).(Splenectomy
" : ,
Diabetes
, Syndrom Inapropriate Adh
,Insipidus .
/
1
/
1
/
2
Spinal Shock :Neurogenic Shock
.
Orbital trauma
, , ,.
//
"
81