RISK FACTORS PHYSIOLOGICAL HYPERTENSION

CHANGES
Ashley Dean
RNSG 1263
Environmental Age, Family Hx - Changes in arteriolar bed
& Behavioral Race Genetics
& Sex blood viscosity Vasoconstriction

High Na+ Defective Na+ - K+ Pumps

Intake Systemic Vascular Resistance
H2O Retention = Variation in Angiotensinogen gene
plasma volume Afterload
Endogenous digitalis-like substances
High K+ Intake Blood flow to organs
Abnormalites in nitric oxide, endothelin &
Low Ca+ Intake other locally acting vasoactive chemicals Increased blood pressure

Renal Perfusion Beta-receptor

Obesity Excess vasopressin Activation
Activates Juxtaglomerular
cells in kidneys to release
Excessive Hyponatremia Renin Hypovolemia
ETOH Usage

Angiotensin Converting
Tobacco Usage Angiotensinogen Enzyme (ACE) Angiotensin I

Stress Arteriolar Angiotensin II

Vasoconstriction

Adrenal Cortex
Complications Peripheral Stimulation II
Resistance

Aldosterone
Kidney Disease Retinal Cardiovascular Disease Cerebrovascular Disease
Damage
Na+ reabsorption
Kidney Hardened Arteries Brain Attack
Failure
H2O reabsorption
Angina Cerebral
End-Stage Hemorrhage
Renal Disease Blood Pressure Plasma
Acute Myocardial (ECF)
Infarction

Manifestations
Heart Failure

Papilloedema Vision Changes Confusion Dizziness Headache No Symptoms

Cardiac Arrhythmias Nausea Epistaxis Chest Pain Sweating Convulsion SOB

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