PRC - PQG - 02 / 1998

PRC - PQG - 02 / 1998

1. 1

2. 1

3. 1

4. 2

5. 4

6. 6

7. 12

14

PRC - PQG - 02 / 1998

1.

1.1 (Voltage
Fluctuation)
1.2

1.3 (Point of Common
Coupling)
1.4 3.5 kVA
1 1,800 ,
, , , , ,

2.

(Voltage Fluctuation)

3.

- A.S 2279.4-1991 Australian Standard

- Engineering Recommendation P.28 , 1989
Planning Limits for Voltage Fluctuations Caused by Industrial , Commercial and Domestic
Equipment in The United Kingdom

1
PRC - PQG - 02 / 1998
4.

4.1 (Voltage Change) - RMS ( Peak)

2

4.2 (Voltage Fluctuation) - (Voltage Change)

RMS

4.3 (Voltage Sag or Voltage Dip) - 10

(Fault)

4.4 ( Maximum Voltage Change , Umax ) - RMS

U(t) ( 4-1 )

4.5 ( Steady-State Voltage Change , Uc ) -

2 1 ( 4-1 )

U(t)

Uc
Umax

t
4-1

4.6 ( Maximum Relative Voltage Change , dmax) -

Umax Nominal , Un ( 4-2 )

4.7 ( Relative Steady-State Voltage Change , dc ) -

Uc Nominal , Un ( 4-2 )

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PRC - PQG - 02 / 1998
U(t) / Un

dc dmax

t
4-2

4.8 (Flicker) -

Coiled-Coil
Filament 230 V / 60 W

4.9 (Flickermeter) -
( Pst Plt )

4.10 (Short-Term Severity Values , Pst) -

(10 )

4.11 (Long-Term Severity Values , Plt) -

( 2-3 ) Pst
1 j =n 3
3

n j =1
(Pst j)

n = Pst Plt
2 n = 12

4.12 (Point of Common Coupling ,PCC) -

4.13 (Portable Tool) -

( 2-3 )

4.14 (Balanced Three-Phase Equipment) -

(Line) 20

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PRC - PQG - 02 / 1998
5.

1
. 0.002
.

2
. 0.002-0.03
.
- (Magnitude and Rate of Occurrence of Voltage
Change) (Individual Load) 1
5-1
-
(Short-Term Severity Values, Pst) 0.5

3
2
3
- (Background)

Pst
- Pst
Pst

6

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PRC - PQG - 02 / 1998

5-1

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PRC - PQG - 02 / 1998
6.

6.1
1)



2)


3)

3
2 5-1

4)
3

5-1 m R1m + R2 m +...+ R N m
1
Ri i
2 5-1
m 2

6.2
1)
Flickermeter ( Short-Term Severity Values, Pst )

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PRC - PQG - 02 / 1998
2) Pst Pst
6-1

Pst t = m ( Pst1 ) + ( Pst 2 ) +...+( Pst 3 )

m m m

m
m = 4 (Arc Furnace)

m = 3


m = 2
m = 1
3) Pst (Long-Term Severity Values ,
Plt)
1 j =n

3
Plt = 3 ( Pst )
n j =1 j

n Pst 2
n 12 Plt
6-1

3

1)
2)
(Ramp Change)
3)
4)

5)
6) Fault Level

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PRC - PQG - 02 / 1998
6-1

(Pst) (Plt)

Pst Plt

115 kV 1.0 0.8
115 kV 0.8 0.6

6-1
(High Voltage System)
(Fault Level) = 4000 MVA

(Power Transformer)
132/11 kV 60% Impedance on 100 MVA X/R = 30

(Feeder) 11 kV
Z = 0.28 + j0.34

(Distribution Transformer)
1000 kVA 11/0.433 kV 5% Impedance X/R = 5

(PCC)

(Low Voltage System)

Z = 0.03 + j0.05

75 kW
M 8 kVA/kW Power Factor = 0.25
15

6-1

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PRC - PQG - 02 / 1998
1 Base 100 MVA
1)
Z S / C (kVS / C )
2
MVAB
Z pu = =
ZB MVAS / C (kV )2
B

MVAB 100
Z pu = j = j = j 0.025 pu
MVAS / C 4000

2)
60 1 + j 30
= 0.020 + j 0.600 pu
100 1 + 30 2

3) 11 kV
100
112
(0.28 + j0.34) = 0.231 + j 0.281 pu

4)
5 100 1 + j5
= 0.981 + j 4.903 pu
100 01
. 1 + 52

5)
0.000 + j0.025
0.020 + j0.600
0.231 + j0.281
0.981 + j4.903
1.232 + j5.809
Z1 = 1232
. + j5809
. pu
Z1 = 5.938 pu
6)
1
MVAB
Z pu =
MVAS / C
MVAB 100
MVAS / C = = = 16.8 MVA
Z pu 5.938
= 16.8 MVA

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PRC - PQG - 02 / 1998
2
8 kVA / kW 75kW
=
16.8 MVA 1000
= 0.0357
0.03 3

3
1)
100 MVA 1000
8kVA / kW 75kW
(0.25 + j 0.9682) = 41667
. + j161367
. pu

2)
100
0.4332
(0.03 + j 0.05) = 16.001 + j 26.668 pu

3)
41.667 + j161.367
16.001 + j26.668
57.668 + j188.035
Z 2 = 57.668 + j188.035 pu
Z 2 = 196.679 pu
Z1 + Z 2 = 58.900 + j193844
. pu
Z1 + Z 2 = 202.595 pu
4)
Z2
= 100%
Z1 + Z 2
196.679
= 100%
202.595
= 97.08%

5)
= 100% - 97.08%
= 2.92%

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PRC - PQG - 02 / 1998

- 1 5-1 2
15 4.2

- 2
2 12
5-1 2 15
12 4.2 4.5

2 5-1 15 12
( 2.92 / 4.2 ) = 0.69 ( 2 / 4.5 ) = 0.44
m R1m + R2 m +...+ R N m 1 ( m = 2 )
R12 + R2 2 +...+ R N 2 = 0.69 2 + 0.44 2
= 0.81

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 PRC - PQG - 02 / 1998
7.

7-1 Flow Chart

12
PRC - PQG - 02 / 1998
7.1

7.2
7.1

7.3

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PRC - PQG - 02 / 1998

.1
- Flickermeter IEC 868
- Disturbance Recorder

.2
- Flickermeter (Pst)
(Plt) PCC (Point of Common Coupling)
- Disturbance Recorder PCC

.3
-
(Limit) 2 (Stage 2)
3 (Stage 3) 3 6
-

- 1 1

-
-

.4

(Flow Diagram) -1

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PRC - PQG - 02 / 1998

0.002
1

0.002
0.03




2
1 5-1
Pst 0.5


3
6

2
5-1 R12 + R22 +...+RN 2 1
Pst Plt

6-1

-1

15
PRC - PQG - 02 / 1998

1. A.S 2279.4-1991 Australian Standard

2. Engineering Recommendation P.28 , 1989 Planning Limits for Voltage Fluctuations caused by
Industrial , Commercial and Domestic Equipment in The United Kingdom