(MMAW : Manuel Metal Arc Welding SMAW: Shield Metal Arc Welding )

1.


3,000 .




19
.. 1885

2

.. 1889

.. 1892 -

2.



2

.. 1950

54


3.

4.



10%

5.



(MIG)
(TIG) (SAW) (PAW)

55

(Electrode)
5,000 6,000



(slag)

(SHIELDED METAL ARC WELDING)


1.2 .

56
6.
1. ,
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
8. (welding current)
2 (Alternating current : AC)
(Direct current : DC)
8.1 (AC)

(wave) 1 0 2 1
1
50
1 50 TIG
1
0
1

57
 8.2 (DC)


100 (50 )

9. (Basic Arc welding circuit )

2 1
9.1

50 %

50 %

(+)(-) (-)(+)

58
 9.2 DCEN (Direct Current Electrode Negative : DC -)

30 %

70 %

(-) (+)
2 3

9.3 DCEP (Direct Current Electrode Positive : DC +)

70 %

30 %

(+) (-)
2 3

(DC)
(DC-)
(DC+)

59
 AC DC- DC+

10 (Type of Voltage)
10.1 (Open Circuit Voltage)


70-80

10.2 (Arc Voltage)

11.

2
(constant current) (constant voltage)
2 volt-ampere curves curves

60
 1. (Constant Current : CC)
(),
TIG , (gouging) stud
(voltage sensing)
(CC) volt-ampere curve curve
( 0) (Arc
voltage) 20-40

Volt OCV
Volt - Ampere Curve

Ampere
(Open circuit voltage) 60-80

25

4
2
1
3
5

1 (OCV) 25 ( 60-
80 )
2 80
25 80 0.06

61
 4
2
1
3
5

3 30-40
()
4 80 ()
0 1 25
5
1 5

2. (Constant Voltage : CV)

volt-ampere curve


/

Volt
Volt -Ampere Curve

Ampere

CV CC

62
12 (Welding Machine)
12.1 (Engine Drive Welding Machine)


, ,
220

2 (Dual-control)
output curve (Range switch)
(Fine adjustment) Load

curve

curve

63
 12.2 (Motor Generator Welding Machine)
Generator
Generator

12.3 (Transformer welding machines)

(AC)
(220 )
(Primary) (Secondary)

1 (single phase)
power factor capacitor

64
 12.4 (Rectifier Type DC welding machine)




DCEP DCEN
.
3 1

12.5 -(Transformer-Rectifier welding machine)

(AC)
(DC)

- 3
-
-
-
-
65
 -

12.6 ( Inverter Welding Machine)

DC
(MMAW) (TIG)
220
5-150
220
220

220 15

66

CC CV
- MMA
- TIG
- / MIG/MAG

13.










14. (Duty Cycle)
Duty Cycle
10
200 60% DUTY CYCLE
6 4
200
Duty Cycle 60%
Duty Cycle 100%

67
15.
AWS (American Welding Society) (A5.1-91)
E XX X X
()

x 1,000 /. (psi)
Electrode ()
1,000 PSI
E 60XX 60 x 1,000 = 60,000 PSI

3
EXX1X
EXX2X
EXX3X

4
4 5

EXX10 DCEP - 0-10 %
EXXX1 AC & DCEP - 0%
EXXX2 AC & DCEN - 0-10 %
EXXX3 AC& DCEP & DCEN 010 %
EXXX4 AC& DCEP & DCEN 2540 %
EXXX5 DCEP - 0%
EXXX6 AC or DCEP - 0%
EXXX8 AC or DCEP - 25-40 %
EXX20 AC& DCEP & DCEN - 0%
EXX24 AC& DCEP & DCEN - 50 %
EXX27 AC& DCEP & DCEN - 50 %
EXX28 AC & DCEP - 50 %

68
 E 6013
E -
60 - 60 x 1,000 = 60,000 /. (60,000 psi)
1 -
3 -

JIS (Japannese Industrial Standard) (Z 3211-1991)

D XX XX

N/mm2

43
420 N/mm2

JIS (Z 3211-1991)

N/mm2
D 4301 420 F, V , O, H AC & DCEP & DCEN
D 4303 420 F, V , O, H AC & DCEP & DCEN
D 4311 420 F, V , O, H AC & DCEP & DCEN
D 4313 420 F, V , O, H AC & DCEN
D 4316 420 F, V , O, H AC & DCEP
D 4324 420 F, H AC & DCEP & DCEN
D 4326 420 F, H AC & DCEP
D 4327 420 F AC & DCEP & DCEN
H AC & DCEN
D 4340 420 F, V , O, H AC & DCEP & DCEN

F = V = O = H =
69
 D 4303
D -
43 - 420 N/mm2
AC
03 - DC+/DC-

DIN (Deutch Industrie Norn) (DIN 1913 Part 1/DIN EN 287)

E XX X X AR X XXX
()


47
28



N/mm2 N/mm2 % L0 =5d 0
20
43 430 550 355
51 510 650 380 22

3 4 3 4
28 (1) 47 (1)
3 4
0 0
1 +20 1 +20
2 0 2 0
3 -20 3 -20
4 -30 4 -30
5 -40 5 -40
(1)
3 3 20
4 32

70


A
R ( )
RR ()
AR
C
R(C) ()
RR ( C ) ()
B
B(R)
RR ( B ) ()
- 120 % - 120-150 % - 150 % (
)
5 5 6


2 1 5 A2 ()
1 5 R2 ()
3 2(1) 2 R3 ()
1 2 R(C) -()
4 1 0+(6) C4 ()
5 2 2 RR ()
1 5 RR(C)5 ()
6 2 2 RR6 ()
1 2 RR(C)6 ()
7 2 5 A7 ()
2 5 AR7 -()
2 5 RR(B) ()
8 2 2 RR8 ()
2 5 RR(B)8 - ()
9 1 0+(6) B9 ()
1 6 B(R)9 ()
10 2 0+(6) B10 ()
2 6 B(R)10 ()
11 4 5 RR11 () 105%
4 5 AE11 -() 105%
71
() () ()
()
12 4 0+(6) B12 () 120%
4 0-(6) B(R)12 ()
120%

DIN EN 287
1 PA, PB, PC, PD, PE, PF, PG
2 PA, PB, PC, PD, PE, PF
3 PA, PB
4 PA,PB
PA = PB = PC = PD = PE =
PF = PG =

AC DC
AC DC
1)
50 70 80

1 4 7 0
2 5 8 0-
3 6 9 0+
1)
42

16.

AC DC

40 (40 x )
15 3.2 .
40 x 3.2 = 128 15 = 143 15 = 113
113 143

72

. d mm 2.0 2.5 3.25 4.0 5.0 6.0
l mm 250/300 350 350-450 350/450 450 450
Amp 40-80 50-100 90-150 120-200 180-270 220-360

20 x d 30 x d 35 x d
40 x d 50 x d 60 x d

17.

(R ) (A ) (C ) (B )
R, A, C = 1.0 x d (d= )
B = 0.5 x d (d = )
(E7016)





()

18.
18.1
(arc ignition)

18.2 (slag)

73
 18.3 ( CO2 CO)

18.4 (Deoxygenizing) (alloying)
(High
Metal Recovery Electrodes)
(High Efficiency Electrodes)


= Ww WB x 100 %
Wc
Ww =
WB =
Wc = ( )

19.

-
-
-
(HD) 100
(%)


DCEN DCEP
+/-
DC
- (spatter)
- (porosity)
- (Incomplete Penetration)
- (Slag Inclusion)
- (Unstable Arc)
74
20.




500 (260 ) 2

21.
3

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.

75
22.
22.1 (Arc Blow Effect)



(Arc blow) (Arc blow) (DC)

Magnetic field

76
 (Arc blow)
-
-
-
-
-
- (AC ) (DC)
22.2

(Undercuts)
-
-
- /

(Undercuts)
- 5 10
-
-
-
-

77
 (Slag inclusions)
-
-
-

-

(Slag inclusions)
- 5 15
-
-
100 %

(Gas pores)
- ( )
-
-
()

(Gas pores)
-

- ()

0.5
- ()

-

78
 (End craters)
-


( )

(End craters)
-


-

(Cracks in the
weld-interface region)
-
-
()

(Cracks in the weld-interface region)

-
-

79
 (Root defects)
-
-

(Root defects)
-

23.
1. ((DC) (AC))

2.
3.
4.


5.

6.

80

1. WELDING MASTER, GUIDE TO WELDING SLV MANNHEIM., GERMAN
2. OVTA, WELDING TEXTBOOK OVERSEAS VOCATIONAL TRAINING ASSOCIATION.,
JAPAN
3. :

4. :
5. :
6.

81