Cold Pack Lab

Introduction
In this lab we will be using different types solutes to try and produce an endothermic or
exothermic reaction. We will be determining how the heat of a solvent changes with the
addition of various solutes. We will do this by adding various salts into water (stirring it) then
taking the initial and final temperature.

Problem Question
What is the effect of water have on different types of salt?

Hypothesis
If 5 grams of sodium chloride, (NaCl) is added into 30 mL of water then the water will be
a colder because it will have to take energy from the system to break its structure so it can
dissolve in water.

Procedure
1. Gather all required materials
2. Measure 30mL of water using a graduated cylinder
3. Pour 30mL of water from the graduated cylinder into a 50mL beaker
4. Take the initial temperature of the water in the beaker
5. Record the initial temperature in degrees celsius
6. Set digital scale to zero
7. Place weigh boat on digital scale
8. Measure/Weigh 5g of sodium chloride, NaCI in weigh boat
9. Pour 5g of sodium chloride, NaCI into beaker with 30mL of water
10. Stir the NaCI and water mixture with the thermometer in degrees celsius for 1
minute
11. After you have stirred the NaCI and water mixture for 1 minute record the final
temperature of the water in degrees celsius
12. Wash all materials used with soap and water
13. Repeat steps 1-10 with calcium chloride, CaCI2
14. Repeat steps 1-10 with ammonium chloride, NH4C

Variables
Independent - Type of Salt
Dependent - Temperature (degrees celsius)
Control - Time that salt and water were mixed together
- Amount of salt added to water
- 30mL of water for each trial

Data Table
Type of Solute Initial Temperature Final Temperature Change in
(Celsius) (Celsius) (Celsius) Temperature
 (Celsius)

Calcium Chloride 21 degrees celsius 22 degrees celsius 1 degree celsius

Ammonium Chloride 21 degrees celsius 11 degrees celsius 10 degrees celsius

Iodized Salt 21 degrees celsius 19 degrees celsius 2 degrees celsius

Graph

Data Table & Graph Summary

The data table and graph represent the initial temperature, final temperature, and
difference between the temperatures for calcium chloride, ammonium chloride, and iodized salt.
The data table and graph represent the initial temperature for calcium chloride was 21 degrees
celsius, the final temperature for calcium chloride was 22 degrees celsius, and the change in
temperature for calcium chloride was 1 degree celsius. The data table and graph also represent
the the initial temperature for ammonium chloride was 21 degrees celsius, the final temperature
for ammonium chloride was 11 degrees celsius, and the change in temperature for ammonium
chloride was 10 degrees celsius. Finally, the initial temperature for iodized salt was 21 degrees
celsius, the final temperature for iodized salt was 19 degrees celsius, and the change in
temperature for iodized salt was 2 degrees celsius.

Conclusion
The hypothesis of this experiment was if 5 grams of sodium chloride, (NaCl) is added
into 30 mL of water then the water will be a colder because it will have to take energy from the
system to break its structure so it can dissolve in water. From the data, it showed that sodium
chloride did make the temperature of the water colder but not as cold as ammonium chloride. .
When 5 grams of sodium chloride, (NACI) was added to the 30mL of water, the
temperature began at 21 degrees celsius but dropped to 19 degrees celsius. Sodium chloride
cause the water to drop two degrees celsius. But the 2 degrees celsius that were dropped with
sodium chloride, does not compare to the 10 degrees celsius dropped with ammonium chloride.
For ammonium chloride the temperature began at 21 degrees celsius but then dropped to 11
degrees celsius. Ammonium Chloride and Sodium Chloride are endothermic. They are
endothermic because all the energy they had went toward breaking the bonds which caused the
temperature to drop. And finally, when calcium chloride was added to the 21 degrees celsius
water the temperature rose 1 degree celsius. Calcium Chloride is exothermic because all the
energy it had went towards making the bond causing the temperature to rise. Each salt had a
different effect on the water causing the temperature to rise or fall because bonds were either
being made(exothermic) or being broken(endothermic).

Real-Life Application
This experiment could be applicable to real life because whatever salt raised the
temperature of the water the highest would be the best for melting the ice on the road. In this
case the Calcium Chloride raised the temperature the most so that salt would be the best for
melting ice for the road. The salt that would not be best for melting the road would be the
Sodium Chloride.