Weld Joint Preparation

(ISO 9692)
Edge Preparation - Need
Poor penetration
Poor strength

Good penetration
Good strength
(100% joint
efficiency)
 Edge Preparation
Factors which influence choice of edge preparation

- Thickness
- Material
- Welding process
- Extent of penetration required
- Welding distortion
- Cost
 Basic Joint Types

butt

lap
tee

corner
edge
 Basic Weld Types
Groove welds

Fillet weld
Plug / slot weld

Spot / seam weld

 Applicable Welds for Butt joint
Square Groove weld V Groove weld

Bevel Groove weld U Groove weld

J Groove weld
 Applicable Welds for Butt joint

Double V Groove weld Double Bevel Groove weld

Double U Groove weld Double J Groove weld

Applicable Welds for Tee joint
Applicable Welds for Lap joint

Fillet weld

Plug / slot weld

Spot / seam weld
Applicable Welds for Corner Joint
Applicable Welds for Edge Joint

Edge weld
 Butt joint
Square Groove weld

Root gap
 Butt joint
Single V Groove weld
Groove angle

Root face

Root gap
 Weld Reinforcement

Correct Excess Under

reinforcement reinforcement reinforcement
Minimum cost High cost
Good joint Poor joint strength Poor joint strength
strength
Butt joint Complete Joint penetration

Weld from face side

Back gouging

Back weld
Butt joint Complete Joint penetration

Backing weld

Back gouging
Butt joint Complete Joint penetration
(welding from one side)

TIG / SMAW
welding

Consumable
guide
 Butt Joint Double V groove
Double V groove Less weld metal
Less distortion
Higher edge preparation cost
Better for thickness > 20 mm
Single V groove
More weld metal
More distortion
Lower edge preparation cost
Better for thickness < 20 mm
 Butt Joint U groove
Groove angle

Root radius
Root face
Root gap

Good access at the root

Less weld metal
Higher edge preparation cost
Better for thickness > 40 mm
 Butt Joint Bevel groove
Single bevel groove
Bevel angle 40 to 50
Difficult to approach
the root
Weld defects

Double bevel groove Back gouging to

remove root defects
Good weld quality
 Butt Joint J groove

Good access at the root

Back gouging and back welding to get good weld quality
Less weld metal
Higher edge preparation cost
Better for thickness > 40 mm
 Tee Joint Full strength joint

throat = 0.707 x leg In a full strength

joint, leg = 0.75 x
leg = 1.414 x throat thickness

leg throat

leg
Tee Joint Full penetration joint

45 or 60

leg = throat leg = throat

 Tee Joint

Actual throat
Theoretical throat

AWS D 1.1 recommendation when gap > 1.6 mm

to increase leg size of fillet by the amount of gap
 Lap Joint

overlap
AWS D 1.1 recommendation
Overlap = 5 x thickness (1 inch minimum)
Gap between mating faces = 1.6 mm max
 Welding Position Groove
1G

3G

2G
4G
Welding Position Groove

1G 2G

5G 6G

45
Welding Position Fillet

1F

2F
3F

4F
 Welding Position Fillet
1F

2F

5F
 Welding Positions Groove
Position Inclination of axis Rotation of face
Flat 0 to 15 150 to 210
Horizontal 0 to 15 80 to 150
210 to 280
Overhead 0 to 80 0 to 80
280 to 360
Vertical 15 to 80 80 to 280
80 to 90 0 to 360
 Welding Positions Fillet
Position Inclination of axis Rotation of face
Flat 0 to 15 150 to 210
Horizontal 0 to 15 125 to 150
210 to 235
Overhead 0 to 80 0 to 125
235 to 360
Vertical 15 to 80 125 to 235
80 to 90 0 to 360
 Joint preparation

According to ISO 9692

Welding and allied processes -Recommendations for joint preparation

Part 1: Manual metal-arc welding, gas shielded metal-arc welding, gas

welding, TIG welding and beam welding of steels