:

l0 l0 l0

X
l

F=0
f(x) = 0
at x = 0 f=F
f(x) = k x f(x) = F
k x = L
 L F
x
). F(x

F(x) = k X

F :
x
K ( ) :
.

Stress N/m2 Y
N
E C

Strain

.

0E (
)
E .
EY
.
YC

.
CN
.

.
 :

.

,

.
 -1 ( )

.

, :

F
s A Y (
Y ) ,
e L
s e , F ,
L A ,
F L L ,
Y L .
A L
 -2

.
 -3

ss
G
es
F
A F

X A
h
.