.

Saturated Hydrocarbons
Sigma
Bond Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
. )( Pi Bond

Aliphatic
Aromatic

Pi)-Electrons (

) ( :

 ) (

) ( :



.
.

.
%
%
.

Paraffins

.
.
CH3
Iso-Paraffins.

.
Cn H2n+2 .
Residues.
.

-
. CH4

) ( :


.
" " "" "" "
" :

CH4
CH3-CH3 CH3-CH2-CH3 C4H10 Butane

:

C8H18.
C6H14 C7H16

ane

) ( :

 CH3-(CH2)5-CH3 CH3-(CH2)10-CH3
CH3-(CH2)16-CH3.

ane
yl --CH3 --CH3-CH2

- .



.
.

, ,/

.

.

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.

.

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.

.



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.

.
.

.
:

-
.
.

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-CH2-
-
.
Cn H2n :

) ( :


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X .
Cyclo

.

.
.


.

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" "ene
.
%
.

) ( :

 -

.

.

.
Alkylation

:

.


.

AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS

.
.

Pyrene .
) ( :

 CnHn-2x n
x .

Toluene .

C10H8 C14H10 C16H10.

%
%

- -



.

.


- -

) ( :

 .

.

.
-
- Catalyst Poisoning


.

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.

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.
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) ( :

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Chemisorption Acid Sites

.

.
.

.
.

.

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. LIGHT DISTILLATES

-
.



.

:
.
.

.

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.

.
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.

VIBRIOSIS

) ( :

 .
) (

) ( :




.


Tomography
.

.


.

) ( :



" " . -

" " -
.

" " -
.

" : " -
.

" " . -

" : " -
.

" " -
/ .

-
.

" " -
.

- " "
: .

- ." "

.

) ( :

 :

1- Academic Press Dictionary of Science and Technology,

Harcourt Brace Jovanovich Publishers, Academic Press Inc.,
San Diego, California, 1992.
2- Amy Myers Jaffe and Robert A. Manning, " The Shocks of a
World of Cheap Oil", Foreign Affairs, U.S.A., Vol. 79, No. 1,
January/February 2000.
3- Howard W.V., A Classification of Limestone Reservoirs,
American Association Petroleum Geology Bulletin, 12, 1927.

4- Hyne, N.J., Dictionary of Petroleum Exploration, Drilling &

Production, Oklahoma, Pennwell Books, 1991.
5- IMF, World Economic Outlook, April 1986, Washington D.C.
6- The Institute of Petroleum Service, Know More about Oil:
Drilling and Production, London, October 1990.
7- L. Dudley Stamp, Physical Geography and Geology,
Longmans, Green and Co., London, 1943.
8- Lyons, Paul L. and M.R. Dobrin, Seismic Exploration for
Stratigraphic Traps, American Association of Petroleum
Geology and Spec., Pub. 10, Soc. Exploration. Geophysics,
U.S.A., 1972.
9- Mamdouh R. Gadallah, Reservoir Seismology, 1994, Pennwell
Books, Pennwell Publishing Company, Tulsa, Oklahoma,
1994.
10 - Oil & Gas Journal, Texas, 26/12/88.
11 - O. Reutov, Theoretical Principles Of Organic Chemistry,
Translated from Russian by D. Aeolony, Mir Publishers,
Moscow, 1967.
12 - Saad E. El-Nakkady, Stratigraphic and Petroleum Geology of
Egypt, University of Assiut, 1958.
13 - Sheriff, R.E., Encyclopedic Dictionary of Exploration
Geophysics, Oklahoma, SEG, 1991.

: ) (

 14 - The 13th Petroleum Conference, Oil & Gas Exploration in
Egypt, Cairo, October 21-24, 1996.
15 - Turkish Daily News, Ankara, December 29, 1997.
16 - World Energy Council (WEC), 1992 Survey of Energy
Resources, London, 1992.
17 - Webster's New World Dictionary, The World Publishing
Company, Cleveland and New York, 1968.

: ) (



An clinalReservoir

.
BoreHole

/ .
Combina onDriveofOil

.
Cracking

.
CrudeOil

.
Dis lla on

.
FlowingPressure

.
JetFuel

.
LongshoreBars

) ( :

 MaximumEcientRateofProduc on

.
MechanicalSeismograph

.
NaphtheneBaseCrudeOil

.
OilPushing

.
OilReservoir

.
ParanBaseCrude

.
ParallelMigra on

.
Penetra onLog

.
PinchingofStrata

.
.
PossibleReserves

.
PreliminaryExplora on

.
) ( :

 Predic ngHorizon

.
PumpingWell

.
ChemicalReforming

.
ReservoirEnergy

.
ReservoirOilPressure

.
ReservoirRock

/ .
RockReservoirPressure

.
SeismicElectriceect

.
SeismicReflec on

.
SeismicRefrac on

) ( :

 Sho ng

.
SlimHole

.
) )SourCrude

.
SpectroChemicalLog

.
S llingWill

.
SweetCrute

.
SweetnaturalGas

.
TemperatureSurvey

.
TwoPipelineSystem

) ( :