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ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ:3
ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻣﻞﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻼﺝ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻀﻤﻴﺔ
ﻓﺎﺭﻡ .ﺗﺸﻴﻢ .ﺩﻛﺘﻮﺭﺍﻩ. ﺳﺎﻡﺩﻭﺑﺎﻭ
ﺃﻧﺎ .ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺘﻲ
، 1.5ﺗﺤﺘﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻧﺰﻳﻤﺎﺕ ﻫﻀﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﻣﺨﺎﻁ ﻭﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺟﻮﻫﺮﻱ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﻻﻣﺘﺼﺎﺹ
ﻓﻴﺘﺎﻣﻴﻦﺏ .12ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳﻂ ،ﺗﻔﺮﺯ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺪﺓ 3-2ﻟﺘﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺼﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺪﺓ ﻳﻮﻣﻴﺎً .ﻳﻌﺰﺯ
ﺣﻤﺾﺍﻟﻬﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﻠﻮﺭﻳﻚ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺗﻤﺴﺦ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻭﺗﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﻧﺰﻳﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺿﻤﺔ ،ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ،ﻳﺴﻬﻞ
ﺍﻻﻧﻬﻴﺎﺭﺍﻷﻧﺰﻳﻤﻲ ﻟﺒﺮﻭﺗﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﻌﺎﻡ .ﻳﻨﺸﻂ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺾ ﺃﻳﻀﺎً ﺇﻧﺰﻳﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ
ﻭﻳﺤﻮﻝﺍﻟﺒﺒﺴﻴﻨﻮﺟﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺒﺴﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﻂ .ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ ،ﻳﺘﻢ ﻗﺘﻞ
ﺍﻟﺒﻜﺘﻴﺮﻳﺎﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻨﺎﻭﻟﻬﺎ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﻄﻌﺎﻡ ﺃﻳﻀﺎً ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﺣﻤﺾ ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﻠﻮﺭﻳﻚ.
17
ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯﺍﻟﻬﻀﻤﻲ :ﻋﻼﺝ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻀﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎءﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺔ III
ﺃ(ﻗﺮﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺪﺓ:ﻳﺤﺪﺙ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺪﺓ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺾ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﺒﺴﻴﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻔﺮﺍء ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻄﺎﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺪﺓ )ﺍﻟﻐﺸﺎء ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺎﻃﻲ(.
ﺏ( ﻗﺮﺣﺔ ﺍﻻﺛﻨﻲ ﻋﺸﺮ:ﻳﺤﺪﺙ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﺛﻨﻲ ﻋﺸﺮ ،ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺾ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﺒﺴﻴﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻐﺸﺎء ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺎﻃﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﺛﻨﻲ
ﻋﺸﺮ.
.3ﺁﺣﺮﻭﻥ:ﻗﺮﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻘﺮ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺘﻼﺯﻣﺔ ﺯﻭﻟﻴﻨﺠﺮ ﺇﻟﻴﺴﻮﻥ.
ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ .1ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﺳﻴﺘﻴﻞ ﻛﻮﻟﻴﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﻬﻴﺴﺘﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺮﻭﺳﺘﺎﺟﻼﻧﺪﻳﻦ E2ﻭﺍﻟﺠﺎﺳﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻓﺮﺍﺯ ﺣﻤﺾ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺪﺓ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﻼﻳﺎ
ﺍﻟﺠﺪﺍﺭﻳﺔﻟﻠﻤﻌﺪﺓ Gs .ﻭ Giﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ ﺑﺮﻭﺗﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﻏﺸﺎﺉﻴﺔ ﺗﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻔﻴﺰﻱ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺒﻂ ﻻﻗﺘﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻼﺕ ﺇﻟﻰ cyclase
.adenylyl
18
ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯﺍﻟﻬﻀﻤﻲ :ﻋﻼﺝ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻀﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎءﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺔ III
ﺣﻠﻘﺔﺍﻟﻌﻄﺮﻳﺔ:ﺗﻢ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺣﻠﻘﺔ ﺍﻹﻳﻤﻴﺪﺍﺯﻭﻝ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺴﺘﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﻬﻴﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺉﻴﺴﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻭﻝ H ﺃﻧﺎ.
2.ﺳﻴﻤﻴﺘﻴﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻼﺕ .ﻣﻊ ﺇﺩﺧﺎﻝ ﺑﺪﻳﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺜﻴﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ ،ﻳﺰﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺎﻁ.
ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻘﺎﺕﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺠﺎﻧﺴﺔ ،ﻭﻫﻲ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻳﺰﻭﺳﺘﻴﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺣﻠﻘﺔ ﺇﻳﻤﻴﺪﺍﺯﻭﻝ ،ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎﻝ ،ﺣﻠﻘﺔ
ﺛﻴﺎﺯﻭﻝ ،ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﺃﻳﻀﺎً ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺎﻁ.
ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻄﺔ:ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﺰء ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺸﻴﺮ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ Xﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻄﺔ – -2CHﺃﻭ -O-ﺃﻭ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ.
.-S-ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﻛﺮﺑﻮﻥ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻄﺮﻳﺔ ﻭﺑﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻣﻴﺪ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﺸﺎﻁ.
ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔﺃﻗﺼﺮ → ↓ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺎﻁ .ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ (Thioether )-S-
→ ↑ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺎﻁ.
ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔﺟﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﻃﺎﺑﻊ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻲ:ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻏﻮﺍﻧﻴﻞ ،ﺛﻴﻮﺭﻳﺎ ﻭﻣﺸﺘﻘﺎﺕ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺎ.
19
ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯﺍﻟﻬﻀﻤﻲ :ﻋﻼﺝ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻀﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎءﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺔ III
ﺃ( ﺳﻴﻤﻴﺘﻴﺪﻳﻦ
N-Cyano-N'-methyl-N '- )2 - )))5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl( methyl( thio( ethyl( guanidine •
ﺇﻧﻪﻣﺰﻋﺞ ﻗﻠﻴﻼ ًﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺎء .ﺗﺰﺩﺍﺩ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻭﺑﺎﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺾ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﻔﻒ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﺒﺮﻭﺗﻮﻧﺎﺕ ﺣﻠﻘﺔ •
ﺍﻹﻳﻤﻴﺪﺍﺯﻭﻝ.
ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻤﻴﺘﻴﺪﻳﻦﻳﺜﺒﻂ ﺇﻧﺰﻳﻤﺎﺕ ↓ → CYPﺍﺳﺘﻘﻼﺏ ﺍﻷﺩﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺸﻜﻞ ﺭﻛﺎﺉﺰ CYP •
ﻋﻠﻰﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎﻝ ،ﺍﻟﻔﻴﻨﻴﺘﻮﻳﻦ ،ﺑﺮﻭﺑﺮﺍﻧﻮﻟﻮﻝ ،ﻧﻴﻔﻴﺪﻳﺒﻴﻦ ،ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺰﻭﺩﻳﺎﺯﻳﺒﻴﻨﺎﺕ ،ﺑﻌﺾ ﻣﻀﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﻛﺘﺉﺎﺏ ﺛﻼﺛﻴﺔ
ﺳﻴﻤﻴﺘﻴﺪﻳﻦ↓ ﺣﻤﻮﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺪﺓ ﺍﻣﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﻣﻀﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻄﺮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻵﺯﻭﻝ )ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﻴﺘﻮﻛﻮﻧﺎﺯﻭﻝ( ﻭﺍﻷﺩﻭﻳﺔ •
ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﺑﻴﺉﺔ ﺣﻤﻀﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻠﻞ) .ﺍﻟﺤﻞ :ﺳﺎﻋﺘﺎﻥ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻤﻴﺘﻴﺪﻳﻦ ﻭﺍﻷﺩﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ(
ﺏ( ﺭﺍﻧﻴﺘﻴﺪﻳﻦ
• ﻋﻠﻰﻏﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻤﻴﺘﻴﺪﻳﻦ ،ﻳﺘﺄﺛﺮ ﺍﻣﺘﺼﺎﺻﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻨﺎﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺰﺍﻣﻦ ﻣﻊ ﻣﻀﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﻮﺿﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ
ﻣﻠﺢﺍﻟﻬﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﻠﻮﺭﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻟﻠﺬﻭﺑﺎﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺎء ﺑﺪﺭﺟﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ. •
ﺇﻧﻪﻣﺜﺒﻂ ﺿﻌﻴﻒ ﻟـ .CYPﻳﺘﺄﺛﺮ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﻓﺎﺭﻳﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﻳﺎﺯﻭﻻﻡ ﻓﻘﻂ. •
ﺃﺷﻜﺎﻝﺍﻟﺠﺮﻋﺎﺕ :ﺃﻗﺮﺍﺹ ) 300 ، 150 ، 75ﻣﻠﺠﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻠﺢ ﺣﻤﺾ ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﻠﻮﺭﻳﻚ( ؛ ﺃﻗﺮﺍﺹ ﻓﻮﺍﺭﺓ ) 25ﻭ 150ﻣﺠﻢ( ؛ ﻛﺒﺴﻮﻻﺕ )150 •
ﻭ 300ﻣﺠﻢ( ؛ ﺷﺮﺍﺏ ) 15ﻣﺠﻢ /ﻣﻞ ﻛﻤﻠﺢ ﺣﻤﺾ ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﻠﻮﺭﻳﻚ( ؛ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻦ ) 1ﻭ 25ﻣﺠﻢ /ﻣﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﻴﺉﺔ ﻣﻠﺢ ﺣﻤﺾ ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﻠﻮﺭﻳﻚ
(
ﺝ( ﻓﺎﻣﻮﺗﻴﺪﻳﻦ
• ﻗﺪﻳﺤﺎﻛﻲ ﺑﺪﻳﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﻐﻮﺍﻧﻴﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻠﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﻴﺎﺯﻭﻝ ﺇﻳﻤﻴﺪﺍﺯﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻤﻴﺘﻴﺪﻳﻦ
ﺩ( ﻧﻴﺰﺍﺗﻴﺪﻳﻦ
ﻧﻴﺰﺍﺗﻴﺪﻳﻦ ) -2]] - 2] -N،ﺛﻨﺎﺉﻲ ﻣﻴﺜﻴﻼﻣﻴﻦ( ﻣﻴﺜﻴﻞ[ -4-ﺛﻴﺎﺯﻭﻟﻴﻞ[ ﻣﻴﺜﻴﻞ[ ﺛﻴﻮ[ -ﺇﻳﺜﻴﻞ[ -'N-ﻣﻴﺜﻴﻞ- •
-2ﻧﻴﺘﺮﻭ-1،1-ﺇﻳﺜﻨﺪﻳﺎﻣﻴﻦ
20
ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯﺍﻟﻬﻀﻤﻲ :ﻋﻼﺝ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻀﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎءﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺔ III
ﻭﻫﻮﻣﺸﺘﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺛﻴﺎﺯﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺍﻧﻴﺘﻴﺪﻳﻦ .ﺯﺍﺩ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺒﺪﺍﻝ ﺍﻷﻳﺰﻭﺳﺘﺮﻱ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻮﻱ ﻟﻠﺜﻴﺎﺯﻭﻝ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻴﺰﺍﺗﻴﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﻦ •
ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻠﻴﺔ.
• ﺁﻟﻴﺔﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ :ﺑﻐﺾ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺗﺤﻔﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻼﺕ )2Hﺃﻭ Mﺃﻭ ، (2CCKﻣﺜﺒﻄﺎﺕ ﻣﻀﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻭﺗﻮﻥ ﺗﻤﻨﻊ ﺇﻓﺮﺍﺯ
ﺣﻤﺾﺍﻟﻤﻌﺪﺓ .ﻣﺜﺒﻄﺎﺕ ﻣﻀﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻭﺗﻮﻥ ﻫﻲ ﻋﻘﺎﻗﻴﺮ ﺃﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺗﻌﻴﺪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺒﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺉﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﻀﻴﺔ ﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ
ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻠﺒﺎﺕ)ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻔﻴﻨﺎﻣﻴﺪﺍﺕ( ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺸﻜﻞ ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﺗﺴﺎﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻣﻊ /+Hﻙ.+ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺜﺒﻴﻄﻪ ﻭﺗﻌﻄﻴﻠﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ.
ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲﻓﺈﻥ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺜﺒﻴﻂ ﻫﺬﻩ ﻻ ﺭﺟﻌﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ -ATPase
• ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻔﻬﻴﺪﺭﻳﻞ )(SH-
ﻟﺒﻌﺾﺍﻷﺣﻤﺎﺽ ﺍﻷﻣﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺴﺘﻴﻦ
ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊﻣﺤﺘﻤﻠﺔ ﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﺜﺒﻄﺎﺕ
ﻣﻀﺨﺔﺍﻟﺒﺮﻭﺗﻮﻥ .ﺗﺘﺸﻜﻞ ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﺛﺎﻧﻲ
ﻛﺒﺮﻳﺘﻴﺪ)ﺗﺴﺎﻫﻤﻴﺔ( ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﻣﺸﺘﻖ
ﺃﻭﻣﻴﺒﺮﺍﺯﻭﻝﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺒﻪ .ﺗﻢ ﺍﻹﺑﻼﻍ
ﻋﻦﻧﺘﺎﺉﺞ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻗﻠﻴﻼ ًﻋﻦ
ﻻﻧﺴﻮﺑﺮﺍﺯﻭﻝﻭﺑﺎﻧﺘﻮﺑﺮﺍﺯﻭﻝ ﻭﺭﺍﺑﻴﺒﺮﺍﺯﻭﻝ.
ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ .2ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺸﻴﻂ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻔﺰ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﻤﺾ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻭﻣﻴﺒﺮﺍﺯﻭﻝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻔﻴﻨﺎﻣﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻠﻲ .ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﺱ- ﻭ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺴﻴﻞ ،
ﺍﻟﺠﺪﺍﺭﻳﺔ /+H،ﻙ.+ﺑﻘﺎﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺴﺘﻴﻦ ،ﻳﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻟﺘﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻣﺜﺒﻂ ﺇﻧﺰﻳﻢ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﺒﺮﻳﺘﻴﺪ -ATPase ، ﻟﺪﻳﻚ ﺗﻢﺍﻹﺑﻼﻍ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﻠﺒﺎﺕ
ﻧﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻨﺰﻭﻋﺔﺍﻟﻤﻴﺜﻴﻞPPIs .
ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﻳﺘﻢﺍﺳﺘﻘﻼﺑﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﺐ
2CYPﺝ ،19ﻭﺑﺪﺭﺟﺔ ﺃﻗﻞ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ
.3A4CYP
• 2ﺝ 19ﺍﻷﻛﺴﺪﺓ ﺗﺤﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻮﺑﻴﺪﻭﺟﺮﻳﻞ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺷﻜﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﺎﺩ ﻟﻠﺘﺨﺜﺮ.
ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔﻋﻠﻰ 2PPIsﺝ ↓ → 19ﻧﺸﺎﻁ ﻛﻠﻮﺑﻴﺪﻭﻗﺮﻝ.
• ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺪﺓ/+Hﻙ H+ﻟﻪ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺃﻭﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﻣﻊ /+-ATPaseﻙ.+ﻓﻲ
ﻧﺎﻗﻀﺎﺕﺍﻟﻌﻈﻢ ،ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺸﺎﺭﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺭﺗﺸﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﺎﻡ - ATPase
21
ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯﺍﻟﻬﻀﻤﻲ :ﻋﻼﺝ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻀﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎءﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺔ III
• ﺳﺎﺭ:
ﺃﻧﺎ.ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺎﺕ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺸﺘﻘﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ benzimidazole sulfinylﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺠﺴﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﻋﺒﺮ ﻣﻴﺜﻴﻠﻴﻦ
ﺇﻟﻰﺣﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﻴﺮﻳﺪﻳﻦ .yl-2
ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ.ﻳﺠﺐ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻣﺜﺒﻄﺎﺕ ﻣﻀﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻭﺗﻮﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺪﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ
ﻧﺸﺎﻃﻬﺎ.ﻳﺨﻀﻊ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻟـ pKﺃﻣﻦ ﻧﻴﺘﺮﻭﺟﻴﻦ ﺑﻴﺮﻳﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺘﺮﺍﻭﺡ
ﺑﻴﻦ.4.5 - 3.8
ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺎ.ﺑﺮﻭﺗﻮﻥ ﺑﻨﺰﻳﻤﻴﺪﺍﺯﻭﻝ ﻣﻬﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﻭﻣﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺛﻴﺮ .ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ
ﻣﺜﺒﻄﺎﺕﻣﻀﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻭﺗﻮﻥ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻔﻴﻨﺎﻣﻴﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﻄﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺣﺪ ﻛﺒﻴﺮ
ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔpKﺃﻣﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ benzimidazole )pKﺃ .(2ﺃﻭﻣﻴﺒﺮﺍﺯﻭﻝ ،
ﻻﻧﺴﻮﺑﺮﺍﺯﻭﻝ ،ﻭﺭﺍﺑﻴﺒﺮﺍﺯﻭﻝ ﻣﻊ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ pKﺃ (0.62-0.79) 2ﻳﺨﻀﻊ
ﻟﺒﺮﻭﺗﻮﻥﺑﻨﺰﻳﻤﻴﺪﺍﺯﻭﻝ ﻭﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ ﺳﻠﻔﻴﻨﺎﻣﻴﺪ ﺃﺳﺮﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺎﻧﺘﻮﺑﺮﺍﺯﻭﻝ ﻣﻊ pK
ﺃ 2ﻣﻦ .0.11ﻳﻌﺰﺯ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺮﻉ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺎﺧﺒﻴﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻠﻘﺔ
ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺰﻳﻤﻴﺪﺍﺯﻭﻝﺍﻟﺒﺮﻭﺗﻮﻧﺎﺕ.
ﻭﻳﻠﺴﻮﻥﻭﺟﻴﺰﻓﻮﻟﺪ
22
ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯﺍﻟﻬﻀﻤﻲ :ﻋﻼﺝ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻀﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎءﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺔ III
ﺃ( ﺃﻭﻣﻴﺒﺮﺍﺯﻭﻝ
-5ﺛﻨﺎﺉﻲ ﻣﻴﺜﻴﻞ-2-ﺑﻴﺮﻳﺪﻳﻨﻴﻞ( ﻣﻴﺜﻴﻞ( -5ﻣﻴﺜﻮﻛﺴﻲ -4))) - 2-ﻣﻴﺜﻮﻛﺴﻲ ، 3- •
ﺳﻠﻔﻴﻨﻴﻞ( 1-ﺡ-ﺑﻨﺰﻳﻤﻴﺪﺍﺯﻭﻝ )ﻟﻮﺳﻴﻚ(
ﻭﻫﻮﻣﺬﺑﺬﺏ )ﺑﻴﺮﻳﺪﻳﻦ N pKa 4.06؛ .(benzimidazole NH ، pHa 0.79 •
ﻗﻠﻴﻞﺍﻟﺬﻭﺑﺎﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺎء .ﺇﻧﻪ ﺣﻤﺾ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻟﻠﺘﻐﻴﺮ ،ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ،ﻳﺘﻢ ﺻﻴﺎﻏﺘﻪ
ﻛﻤﺎﺗﺄﺧﺮ ﺍﻹﻓﺮﺍﺝ
ﺗﺤﺘﻮﻱﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﻮﻱ- ﻛﺒﺴﻮﻻﺕ
ﺣﺒﻴﺒﺎﺕﻣﻐﻠﻔﺔ.
ﻳﺘﻢﺍﺳﺘﻘﻼﺑﻪ. ﺃﻭﻝﺇﺟﺘﻴﺎﺯ •
ﺃﻭﻣﻴﺒﺮﺍﺯﻭﻝﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ ﺭﻛﻴﺰﺓ ﻟـ CYP3A4
& → CYP2C19ﻣﺜﺒﻂ
ﻣﺆﻛﺴﺪ)ﻻ ﻳﺜﺒﻂ ﺇﻳﺰﻭﻣﻴﺒﺮﺍﺯﻭﻝ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻛﺒﻴﺮ( ﺍﺳﺘﻘﻼﺏ ﺍﻷﺩﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺯﻣﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﻨﺰﻭﺩﻳﺎﺯﻳﺒﻴﻦ
ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻴﻨﻴﺘﻮﻳﻦﻭﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﻓﺎﺭﻳﻦ.
ﻳﺤﺘﻮﻱﺃﻭﻣﻴﺒﺮﺍﺯﻭﻝ )ﺧﻠﻴﻂ ﺭﺍﺳﻴﻤﻲ( ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺒﺎﻳﻦ ﻓﺮﺩﻱ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻠﺐ 2C19ﻭﺍﺳﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻄﺎﻕ •
ﻭﺑﻄﻴﺉﺔ.ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺮ )ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻕ( ﻋﻠﻰ ( S - )-( - enantiomer )esomeprazoleﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ
ﺃﻭﻣﻴﺒﺮﺍﺯﻭﻝ.
ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ:ﻣﻦ 24ﺇﻟﻰ 72ﺳﺎﻋﺔ. •
ﺷﻜﻞﺟﺮﻋﺎﺕ :ﺃﻗﺮﺍﺹ ﻣﺘﺄﺧﺮﺓ ﺍﻹﻃﻼﻕ ) 20ﻣﺠﻢ( ﻭﻛﺒﺴﻮﻻﺕ ) 20ﻣﺠﻢ ﻭ 40ﻣﺠﻢ( •
ﺝ( ﻻﻧﺴﻮﺑﺮﺍﺯﻭﻝ
• )ﺑﺮﻳﻔﺎﺳﻴﺪ(
ﺃﻋﻠﻰﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﻓﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺜﺒﻄﺎﺕ ﻣﻀﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻭﺗﻮﻥ .ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﺮﻭﺗﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺯﻣﺎ.٪97 : •
ﻳﺘﻢﺍﺳﺘﻘﻼﺑﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺪ )ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻔﻮﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻬﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺴﻲ( ﻭﻳﻄﺮﺡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺮﺍء ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻮﻝ. •
ﺷﻜﻞﺟﺮﻋﺎﺕ :ﺃﻗﺮﺍﺹ ﻣﺘﺄﺧﺮﺓ ﺍﻹﻃﻼﻕ ﻭﻣﺘﺤﻠﻠﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﻔﻢ ) 15ﻭ 30ﻣﺠﻢ( ،ﻛﺒﺴﻮﻻﺕ ﺗﺄﺧﺮ •
ﺍﻹﻓﺮﺍﺝ) 5ﻭ 30ﻣﺠﻢ( ،ﺣﺒﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﻣﺘﺄﺧﺮﺓ ﺍﻹﻃﻼﻕ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﻠﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﻔﻤﻮﻱ ) 15ﻭ 30ﻣﺠﻢ( ﻭﻣﺴﺤﻮﻕ ﻟﻠﺤﻘﻦ )
30ﻣﺠﻢ /ﻗﺎﺭﻭﺭﺓ( (
23
ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯﺍﻟﻬﻀﻤﻲ :ﻋﻼﺝ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻀﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎءﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺔ III
ﺃﻧﻬﺎﺗﻘﻠﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺇﻓﺮﺍﺯ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺾ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﺒﺴﻴﻦ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻐﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻟﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻦ •
ﻃﺮﻳﻖﻣﻨﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻜﺎﺭﻳﻦ -3Mﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻼﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺨﻼﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﺠﺪﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺪﺓ ﻭ -1.M
ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻼﺕﺍﻟﺨﻼﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻮﻓﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻔﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻟﻴﻨﻲ ﻹﻓﺮﺍﺯ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺾ ،ﻣﺜﻞ ﺧﻼﻳﺎ
ﺍﻟﺠﺎﺳﺘﺮﻳﻦ.
ﺃﻧﻬﺎﺗﻄﻴﻞ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺇﻓﺮﺍﻍ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺪﺓ. •
ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔﺇﻟﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ ،ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺛﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﺎﺩﺓ ﻟﻠﺘﺸﻨﺞ ﻫﻲ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﺗﻪ •
ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔﻋﻦ ﺍﻷﺩﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ،ﻭﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺛﻴﺮﺍﺕ ،ﻓﺈﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻮﻓﺮ ﺗﺴﻜﻴﻦ
ﺍﻵﻻﻡ.
ﺃ( Pirenzepine
• ﻭﻫﻮﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻀﺎﺩ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﻜﺎﺭﻳﻦ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻟﻌﻼﺝ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻀﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﻗﺮﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺪﺓ ﻭﻗﺮﺣﺔ ﺍﻻﺛﻨﻲ ﻋﺸﺮ.
ﺇﻧﻪﺩﻭﺍء ﻣﻀﺎﺩ ﻟﻠﺘﺄﺛﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﺉﻴﺔ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﺉﻲ. •
ﺇﻧﻪﻳﻤﺎﺭﺱ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮﺍً ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﺉﻴﺎً ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﺤﺠﺐ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﺉﻲ •
ﻓﻘﻂﻟـ 1.Mﻧﻮﻉ ﻓﺮﻋﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻜﺎﺭﻳﻨﻴﺔ.
ﻋﻠﻰﺍﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﺤﺘﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻨﻴﺔ ﺛﻼﺛﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻘﺎﺕ ،ﺇﻻ ﺃﻧﻪ •
ﻟﻴﺲﻟﻪ ﻃﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﺤﺐ ﻟﻠﺪﻫﻮﻥ.
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ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯﺍﻟﻬﻀﻤﻲ :ﻋﻼﺝ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻀﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎءﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺔ III
ﻋﺪﻡﺍﻛﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻣﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻬﻀﻤﻲ )+3Alﻣﻠﻎ & ،+2ﻛﺎﻟﻴﻔﻮﺭﻧﻴﺎ ، (+2ﻭﺗﻄﻬﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﻏﺔ ﻓﻲ 30 •
ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ.ﺗﻄﻴﻞ ﺍﻷﻃﻌﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﻌﻮﻝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺣﻮﺍﻟﻲ 3-2ﺳﺎﻋﺎﺕ.
ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭﺍﻟﺴﻠﺒﻴﺔ: •
ﻳﻤﻜﻦﺃﻥ ﺗﺴﺒﺐ ﻣﻀﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﻮﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﻮﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺸﺆ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺜﻴﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻧﺘﻔﺎﺥ ﺍﻟﺒﻄﻦ ﻭﺍﻧﺘﻔﺎﺥ ﺍ
ﺍﻟﺒﻄﻦ)ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺛﺎﻧﻲ ﺃﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮﻥ2ﺇﻧﺘﺎﺝ(.
ﺍﻣﺘﺼﺎﺹﻛﻠﻮﺭﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺩﻳﻮﻡ ← ﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺗﻔﺎﻗﻢ ﺍﺣﺘﺒﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺍﺉﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺿﻄﺮﺍﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﺐ ﻭﺍﻷﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺍ
ﺍﻟﺪﻣﻮﻳﺔ.ﻧﺎﻫﻜﻮ3& CaCO3ﻗﺪ ﻳﺴﺒﺐ ﻗﻼء ﺍﺳﺘﻘﻼﺑﻲ .ﻗﺪ ﻳﺤﻔﺰ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻟﺴﻴﻮﻡ ﺃﻳﻀﺎً ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻓﺮﺍﺯ ﺣﻤﺾ ﺍ
ﺍﻻﺭﺗﺪﺍﺩ.
ﻣﻠﻎ+ﻗﺪ ﻳﺴﺒﺐ ﺍﻹﺳﻬﺎﻝ ﺍﻷﺳﻤﻮﺯﻱ ،ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ +Alﻳﺴﺒﺐ ﺍﻹﻣﺴﺎﻙ .ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻊ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍ
) (magaldrateﻟﻤﻨﻊ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍءﺍﺕ.
ﺗﻔﺎﻋﻼﺕﺍﻟﻐﺬﺍء ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍء :ﺍ •
ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺮﻁ +3& CaCO3NaHCOﻛﺎﻟﻴﻔﻮﺭﻧﻴﺎ -+2ﺗﺤﺘﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺸﺘﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻴﺐ -ﻣﺘﻼﺯﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻴﺐ
ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻮﻱ)ﻓﺮﻁ ﻛﺎﻟﺴﻴﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ ،ﻗﺼﻮﺭ ﻛﻠﻮﻱ ،ﻗﻼء ﺍﺳﺘﻘﻼﺑﻲ(.
ﺗﻘﻠﻞﻣﻀﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﻮﺿﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻣﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﺘﺮﺍﺳﻴﻜﻠﻴﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻠﻮﺭﻭﻛﻴﻨﻮﻟﻮﻧﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻹﻳﺘﺮﺍﻛﻮﻧﺎﺯﻭﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺪﻳﺪ. ﺍ
ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ،ﻻ ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﺇﻋﻄﺎء ﻣﻀﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﻮﺿﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻏﻀﻮﻥ ﺳﺎﻋﺘﻴﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺮﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺩﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ.
ﺃ( ﻣﻴﺴﻮﺑﺮﻭﺳﺘﻮﻝ
ﻭﻫﻮﻣﺸﺘﻖ ﺷﺒﻪ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﻲ ﻣﻦ .PGE1 •
ﺇﻧﻪﻣﺴﺘﻘﺮ ﺣﻴﻮﻳﺎً ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺑﺪﺍﺉﻞ 16ﻣﻴﺜﻴﻞ ﻭ 16 •
ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺴﻲ.
ﻳﺘﻮﻓﺮﺧﻠﻴﻂ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻳﺎﺳﺘﻴﺮﻭﻣﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺰﻭﺑﺮﻭﺳﺘﻮﻝ ،ﻭﻟﻜﻦ •
ﻣﻌﻈﻢﺍﻟﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﻳﺄﺗﻲ ﻣﻦ .11R ، 16Sisomers
ﻭﻫﻮﺩﻭﺍء ﺃﻭﻟﻲ ﻳﺘﺤﻠﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺎء ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﺇﻧﺰﻳﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺳﺘﺮﻳﺰ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺣﻤﺾ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮﻛﺴﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﻂ. •
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ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯﺍﻟﻬﻀﻤﻲ :ﻋﻼﺝ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻀﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎءﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺔ III
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