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Zgjidhja e Formules Binomiale
Zgjidhja e Formules Binomiale
info
20 Tetor, 2011
n
X n nk k
(a + b)n = a b
k
k=0
Vertetim:
Fillimisht e vertetojme se pohimi vlen per disa numra te pare (pasi bashkesia
e numrave natyrore permban numrin e pare), le te jene ata numra 1 dhe 2. Per
rastin n = 1 kemi:
1
X 1
a+b= a1k bk (1)
k
k=0
1 1
a+b= a+ b (2)
0 1
1! 1!
a+b= a+ b (3)
0! 1! 1! 0!
a+b=a+b (4)
Pasi barazimi (4) vlen, atehere kemi vertetuar rastin per n = 1 pra pohimi
fillestar vlen per n = 1. Tani supozojme se vlen per ndonje n, ku n N . Pra
vlen (hipoteza induktive):
n
n
X n nk k
(a + b) = a b
k
k=0
Kemi:
1
(a + b)n+1 = a (a + b)n + b (a + b)n (5)
" n # " n #
X n X n
nk k nk k
=a a b +b a b (6)
k k
k=0 k=0
n X n
X n n+1k k n nk k+1
= a b + a b (7)
k k
k=0 k=0
Tani nga shuma e pare dhe shuma e dyte ne rreshtin (7), nxjerrim jashte
termin e pare dhe te fundit perkatesisht, per te fituar:
n n1
X n
n n+1 X n n+1k k n n+1
(a + b)n+1 = a + a b + ank bk+1 + b
0 k k n
k=1 k=0
n
X n n+1k k n n n n1 2 n
A= a b = a b+ a b + + abn
k 1 2 n
k=1
n1
X
n nk k+1 n n n n1 2 n
B= a b = a b+ a b + + abn
k 0 1 n1
k=0
Duke mbledhur ane per ane keto shuma, dhe duke shfrytezuar faktin qe:
n n n+1
+ =
k1 k k
fitojme se:
n
n+1 n n + 1 n1 2 n+1 n
X n + 1 n+1k k
A+B = a b+ a b + + ab = a b
1 2 n k
k=1
n n+1
= (8)
0 0
n n+1
= (9)
n n+1
2
Do te fitojme se:
n n+1 n n+1
(a + b)n+1 = a + (A + B) + b (10)
0 n
n
n + 1 n+1 X n + 1 n+1k k n + 1 n+1
(a + b)n+1 = a + a b + b (11)
0 k n+1
k=1
n+1
X n + 1
(a + b)n+1 = an+1k bk (12)
k
k=0
Hamdi Dervodeli