Ting Nht tn knh v khim nhng ton tp

V d:
Mae tousha ni ikimashita. Senjitsu, onsha
ni mairimashita. (Dng khim nhng)
Mimashita ka? Goran ni narimashita ka? (Dng knh
trng)
Ashita wa shigoto wo suru. Ashita wa
oshigoto wo shimasu. (Dng lch s)

>> Bng so snh Plain Form v Polite Form

Mt s dng lch s bt quy tc

Khim
Knh trng Lch s
ngha Dng thng nhng
(sonkeigo) (teineigo)
(kenjgo)

go-ran haiken
nhn, xem ; miru
ni naru suru mimasu

regular (ex.
o-
gp au o-ai ni
me ni kakaru aimasu
naru)

aru gozaru
l,
iru oru oru
irassharu
kuru (come) ukagau
n / i o-ide mairu
iku (go) ni naru mairu

zonji zonji
bit shiru go-zonji
ageru te iru

taberu (eat)
meshi-
n / ung itadaku itadaku
agaru
nomu (drink)

itadaku2

nhn morau
moraimasu
chdai-suru2

yaru (c coi
a, cho
l bt lch s tr
(ngi nhn
phng ng Kansai)
c tn sashiageru agemasu
trng)
ageru

a, cho kureru kudasaru

kuremasu
(ngi a
c tn
trng)

lm suru nasaru itasu shimasu

mshi-ageru
ni iu ossharu iimasu
msu

mc kiru kimasu
omeshi ni naru

o-
ng neru
yasumi ni naru yasumimasu

cht shinu o-nakunari ni naru nakunaru

Dng lch s trong ting Nht

Ting Nht: teineigo /inh ninh ng/
Cc bn c th hiu l dng lch s l dng "masu", "desu" v danh t th thm "o/go" vo
trc. V d:
taberu tabemasu
Kare wa gakusei da Kare wa gakusei desu.
shigoto oshigoto
denwa odenwa
renraku gorenraku

Dng tn trng trong ting Nht

Ting Nht: sonkeigo /tn knh ng/ hay keigo /knh ng/
y l dng m khi bn ni v mt ngi ng tn trng. C 2 cch to dng tn trng:
(1) ng t dng "masu" b "masu" + "ni naru"
V d: matsu omachi ni naru
(2) B ng
V d: matsu matareru
Dng (1) c l l lch s hn dng (2) ( lch s c xc nh bng vic c "o/go"
trc v "masu" sau khng, c c hai l dng lch s nht).
Cc v d:
Sensei wa omachi ni natteiru.
Thy gio ang i. (dng "ni naru")
Sensei, Hokkaidou e ikaremashita ka?
Thy i Hokkaido cha ? (dng b ng)
(3) Cc dng tn trng bt quy tc: Xem bng trn.

Dng khim nhng trong ting Nht

Ting Nht: kensongo /khim tn ng/ hay kenjougo /khim nhng ng/
y l dng m bn dng cho bn thn. V d:
iku / mairu / mairimasu (lch s) (i)
(xin php c n)
Cc bn c th tham kho mt s ng t bt quy tc bng trn.
lch s theo cp bc
lch s trong ting Nht chia theo cp bc. Cc bn c th xem v d di y:
(dng thng) (lch s) (lch s hn)
(dng lch s mc cao) / matasete
itadaku / lch s: matasete itadakimasu (xin php c i, dng lch s cao nht)

Tng kt cc dng lch s trong ting Nht

Teineigo Sonkeigo Kenjougo
Thng thng Lch s Tn trng Khim nhng

sareru /
suru shimasu itasu
nasaru

kureru kuremasu kudasaru

omoi ni
omou omoimasu zonjiru
naru

iru imasu irassharu oru

iu iimasu ossharu moushiageru

kiku kikimasu kikareru haichou suru

goran ni
miru mimasu haiken suru
naru

iku ikimasu ikareru ukagau

kuru kimasu irassharu mairu

ome ni
au aimasu awareru
kakaru

kaeru kaerimasu kaerareru kaerasete itadaku

omachi ni
matsu machimasu
naru matasete itadaku

shitte gozonji ni
shiru zonjiru
imasu naru

yomu yomimasu yomareru haidoku suru

kaku kakimasu kakareru kakasete itadaku

okuru okurimasu okurareru okuraste itadaku

taberu tabemasu meshiagaru itadaku

Xem thm: Trang ngun
T ng trang trng
Thng thng Trang trng

Watashi / Ti Watakushi

Ima / By gi Tadaima

Kondo / Ln ny Kono tabi

Konoaida / My hm trc Senjitsu

Kinou / Hm qua Sakujitsu

Kyou / Hm nay Honjitsu

Ashita / Ngy mai Myounichi

Sakki / Lc trc, lc ny Sakihodo

Atode / Sau y Nochihodo

Kocchi / Pha ny, pha chng ti Kochira

Socchi Pha cc v, pha kia Sochira

Acchi / Pha Achira

Docchi / Pha no, bn no Dochira

Dare / Ai Donata

Doko / u Dochira

Dou /Nh th no Ikaga

Hontou ni / Tht s l Makoto ni

Sugoku / Rt Taihen

Chotto / Mt cht, cht xu Shoushou

Ikura / Bao nhiu Ikahodo

Morau / Nhn Itadaku

Tham kho: Trang ngun

Cc cch mo u lch s trong ting Nht

Moushiwake gozaimasen ga ... Chng ti rt xin li .... (yu
cu)
Otesuu okakeshimasu ga ... Lm phin qu v .... (yu cu)
Osoreirimasu ga ... Ti xin li nhng (yu cu)
Osashitsukae nakattara ... Nu khng c g bt tin
Shoushou oukagai shimasuga ... Ti mun hi mt cht xu
Gozonji ka to omoimasu ga ... Chc anh/ch bit rng ....
 Yoroshikattara ... Nu c
Okagesamade .... Rt may l ...
Oisogashii tokoro moushiwake gozaimasen
ga ... Ti xin li lm phin anh/ch lc ang bn

Cch c:
1. (li xin li)
2. phin phc, th tc phin phc
3. xin th li
4. chng ngi, bt tin
5. mt cht
6. bit
7. vo ng lc ang bn

T mo u khi gi th hay vit email

SAROMA JCLASS s gii thiu vi cc bn cch n gin nht, l cp (haikei) v
(keigu).
u th bn tri bn (haikei) (Knh cho) v cui th bn phi bn (keigu)
(Knh th).
gi n ai th bn dng (~ sama).
V d mt bc th thng thng s l:
Konnichiwa!
Takahashi san e

Yoroshiku onegai shimasu.

[Tn bn]

Chuyn sang dng trang trng:

Haikei
Takahashi-sama

Douzo yoroshiku onegai itashimasu.

(Hay lch s ti a: Douzo yoroshiku onegai
moushiagemasu)
Keigu [Knh c]
[Tn bn]

Cc bn hy tra cu vi cc t kha sau nh:

keigo no tsukaikata
bijinesu meeru no kakikata