Sa Aking mga Kabata

Unang Tula ni Rizal. Sa edad 8, isunulat ni Rizal ang una niyang tula ng isinulat sa katutubong wika at pinamagatang "SA AKING MGA KABATA".

Kapagka ang bayay sadyang umiibig

Sa langit salitang kaloob ng langit
Sanlang kalayaan nasa ring masapi

Katulad ng ibong nasa himpapawid

Pagkat ang salitay isang kahatulan
Sa bayan, sa nayo't mga kaharian

At ang isang taoy katulad, kabagay

Ng alin mang likha noong kalayaan.
Ang hindi magmahal sa kanyang salita
Mahigit sa hayop at malansang isda

Kaya ang marapat pagyamanin kusa

Na tulad sa inang tunay na nagpala
Ang wikang Tagalog tulad din sa Latin,

Sa Ingles, Kastila, at salitang anghel,

Sapagkat ang Poong maalam tumingin
Ang siyang naggagawad, nagbibigay sa atin.
Ang salita natiy tulad din sa iba

Na may alfabeto at sariling letra,

Na kaya nawalay dinatnan ng sigwa
Ang lunday sa lawa noong dakong una.

Kapagka ang bayay sadyang umiibig

Sa langit salitang kaloob ng langit
Sanlang kalayaan nasa ring masapi

Katulad ng ibong nasa himpapawid

This first stanza in Rizal's poem shows that long before he sprouted the first fruits of his youth, he had already placed distinguished value in the importance of one's
mother tongue. According to these verses, if a nation's people wholeheartedly embrace and love their native language, that nation will also surely pursue liberty. He
likens this idea to a bird soaring freely in the vast, eternal sky above.

Ipinapakita sa unang talata na kahit noong bata pa lamang si Rizal ay nakita na niya ang kahalagahan ng wikang pambansa. Ayon sa kanya, kung taos-pusong
mamahalin ng mga tao ang kanilang pambansang wika ay taos-puso rin nilang ipaglalaban ang kanilang kalayaan. Ito raw ay parang isang ibong lumilipad nang malaya
sa himpapawid.
Pagkat ang salitay isang kahatulan
Sa bayan, sa nayo't mga kaharian
At ang isang taoy katulad, kabagay
Ng alin mang likha noong kalayaan.

Language here is likened to a people born into freedom. In Rizal's time, Filipinos were held in slavery by Spain. Rizal, however, believed that if the people treasured
and loved and used their mother tongue, it would become a symbol of relative freedom, and of identity.

Ang wika ay ihinahalintulad ni Rizal sa mamamayang ipinanganak sa kalayaan. Sa panahon noon, ang Pilipinas ay naging alipin sa kamay ng mga Kastila.
Ganunpaman, sinasabi ni Rizal sa talatang ito na kahit na ang bansa ay parang nasa bilangguan ng mga dayuhan, ang kanilang pagmamahal at pagtatangkilik sa
sariling wika ay magiging simbolo na rin ng kanilang pagkatao ang pagka-Pilipino.

Ang hindi magmahal sa kanyang salita

Mahigit sa hayop at malansang isda
Kaya ang marapat pagyamanin kusa
Na tulad sa inang tunay na nagpala

It is here in these lines of verse that we find Rizal's famous quote: "He who does not love his own language is worse than an animal and smelly fish." He further adds
that Filipinos must work to make the language richer, and likens this endeavor to a mother feeding her young. The native tongue is now compared to a helpless child
that must be nurtured in order to grow and flourish.

Dito sa pangatlong saknong nating makikita ang isa sa mga pinakatanyag na kasabihan ni Rizal. Ayon sa kanya, ang wika raw kay nangangailangan ng pag-aaruga,
gaya ng pag-alaga ng ina sa kanyang anak. Ihinahalintulad niya ang pambansang wika sa isang sanggol na kailangang alagaan at mahalin.

Ang wikang Tagalog tulad din sa Latin,

Sa Ingles, Kastila, at salitang anghel,
Sapagkat ang Poong maalam tumingin
Ang siyang naggagawad, nagbibigay sa atin.

The Tagalog language is, according to these lines, equal in rank to Latin, English, Spanish, and even the language of the angels. It is not inferior to any other language,
nor must it be considered so. For it is God who has bestowed upon the Filipinos this gift, just as he has blessed the other nations and lands with their native tongues.

Ayon kay Rizal, ang wikang Tagalog ay singhalaga ang sintulad lamang ng wikang Latin, Ingles, Kastila, at salitang anghel. Hindi ito dapat minamaliit kapag
ikinukumpara sa wika ng ibang mas mauunlad na bansa, sapagkat iisa lamang ang Diyos na nagbigay-bunga sa lahat ng wika ng mundo.

Ang salita natiy tulad din sa iba

Na may alfabeto at sariling letra,
Na kaya nawalay dinatnan ng sigwa
Ang lunday sa lawa noong dakong una.
These last lines may very well be referring to the Alibata, or the old Filipino alphabet whose characters are unique in every essence, finding no likeness in any other
alphabet. The Tagalog language, according to Rizal, has letters and characters of its very own, similar to the way other "elite tongues" do. These letters, however, were
overthrown by strong waves and lost, like fragile, fickle boats in the stormy sea, many long years ago.

Ang wika ng mga Pilipino, tulad nga iba pang wika, ay mayroon ding sariling alpabeto. Maaaring tinutukoy ni Rizal dito ang Alibata o ang lumang alpabetong Pilipino, na
talaga namang nag-iisa ang walang katulad. Ngunit, ayon kay Rizal, ang mga letra ng ating katutubong alpabeto ay parang natangoy sa malalaking alon, na parang mga
bangka.

Ang tulang ito ay isinulat ni Rizal noong siya ay walong taong gulang pa lamang. Lahat kaming kasapi sa grupong ito ay nagulat sapagkat sa napaka murang edad, nakagawa siya ng
ganito kabigat na tula. Masasabing sa ganitong edad, namulat na si RIzal sa kung anong nangyayari sa kanyang paligid.

Ang kapansin pansing hambingan sa tulang ito ay ang paggamit ni RIzal ng ibon sa kalayaan. Kung ang ibon nga naman ay ikinulong, gugustuhin nitong lumaya dahil noon ito ay malaya,
tulad ng bayan na dating malaya na noong panahong iyon ay kinocontrol ng mga dayuhan.

Mapapansin din na sinasabi ni Rizal na ang wikang Tagalog ay kapantay din ng ibat ibang wika. Dahil ito ay ibinigay sa atin ng Diyos, tulad ng sinabi niya na ang lahat ng tao at bagay ay
magkakapantay dahil ito ay ginawa ng Diyos. At dahil ginawa ito ng DIyos na malaya, dapat ito ay Malaya at walng sinuman ang may karapatang maghari o mag ankin nito kundi Diyos
lamang.

Sa ganito ding edad, makikita na ang pagmamahal ni Rizal sa bayan, sa pag-sabi pa lamang na Ang hindi magmahal sa kanyang salita, mahigit sa hayop at malansang isda, sa murang
edad niyang ito, eh nandoon na ang pagigng makabayan niya.

Sa kabataang Pilipino

Salin ito ng tulang A La Juventud Filipina na sinulat ni Rizal sa Unibersidad ng Santo Tomas noong siyay labingwalong taong gulang. Ang tulang ito ang nagkamit ng unang gantimpala
sa timnpalak sa pagsulat ng tula, na itinaguyod ng Liceo Artistico Literario, sanahang binubuo ng mga taong mahilig sa panitikan at sa sining. Mga Kastilat katutubo ang lumahook na sa
paligsahan ngunit ang Lupon ng Inampalang binubuo ng mga kastila ay humanga sa tula ni Rizal at ipinagkaloob ditto ang unang gantimpala.

Ang tulang ito ang kauna-unahang lantarang pagpapahayag ni Rizal ng kaniyang damdaming makabansa. Hinihimok niya ang kabataang Pilipino upang mamukadkad at linangin ang
kaniyang masisining na katalinuhan, tinatawag itong Magandang Pag-asa ng Bayan Kong Mutya, na ngayoy isang pariralang malimit banggitin.

Sa tulay ipinahahayag na ang Pilipinas ay bayan ng mga Pilipino at ang salitang Pilipino ay unang ginagamit upang tawagin ang mga katutubo ng Pilipinas, hindi ang mga kastilang
ipinanganak sa Pilipinas, na siyang gamit ng salitang ito.

Itaas ang iyong

Malinis na noo
Sa araw na ito,
Kabataang Pilipino!
Igilas mo na rin ang kumikinang mong
Mayamang sanghaya
Magandang pag-asa ng Bayan kong Mutya!

Makapangyarihang waniy lumilipad,

At binibigyang ka ng muning mataas,
Na maitutulad ng ganap na lakas,
Mabilis na hangin, sa kanyang paglipad,
Malinis na diwa, sa likmuang hangad.
Ikaw ay bumaba
Na taglay ang ilaw
Ng sining at agham
Sa paglalabanan,
Bunying kabataan,
At iyong kalagiun ang gapos mong iyang
Tanikalang bakal na kinatalian
Ng matulain mong waning kinagisnan.

Ikaw na lagi nang pataas nag lipad,

Sa pakpak ng iyong Mayamang pangarap,
Na iyong Makita sa Ilimpong ulap
Ang lalong matamis
Na mag tulaing pinakananais,
Ng higit ang sarap
Kaysa ambrosia at nectar na awagas
Ng mga bulaklak.

Ikaw na may tinig

Na buhat sa langit,
Kaagaw sa tamis
Na kay Filomenang Malinis na hiomig,
Sa gabing tahimik
Ay pinaparam mo ang sa taong sakit,
Ikaw, na ang batong sukdulan ng tigas
Sa lakas ng iyong diway nagagawad
Ng buhay at gilas,
At ang alaalang makislap
Ay nabibigayan ng kamay mong masikap
Ng buhay na walang masasabing wakes.

At ikaw, na siyang
Sa may ibat ibang
Balani ni Febong kay Apelas mahal,
Gayundin sa lambong ng katalagahan,
Na siayng sa guhit ng pinsel mong tangay
Nakapaglilipat sa kayong alinman;

Hayo nay tumakbo! Sapagkat ang banal

Na ningas ng waniy nais maputungan
Kayong naglalamay,
At maipamansag ng tambuling tangan,
Saan man humanggan,
Ang ngalan ng tao, sa di matulusang
Lawak ng palibot na nakasasaklaw.

Malwalhating araw,
Ito, Pilipinas, sa lupang tuntungan!
Ang Lumikhay dapat na pasalamatan,
Dahilan sa kanyang mapagmahal,
Na ikawy pahatdan.
Ang tulang Sa Kabataang Pilipino ay salin ng tulang A La Juventud Filipina na sinulat ni Rizal sa Unibersidad ng Santo Tomas noong 1879 sa gulang na labingwalong taon. Ang tulang
ito ang nagkamit ng unang gantimpala sa patimpalak sa pagsulat ng tula, na itinaguyod ng Liceo Artistico Literario, samahang binubuo ng mga taong mahilig sa panitikan at sa sining. Mga
Kastilat katutubo ang lumahook na sa paligsahan ngunit ang Lupon ng Inampalang binubuo ng mga kastila ay humanga sa tula ni Rizal at ipinagkaloob dito ang unang gantimpala.
Ang tulang ito ang kauna-unahang lantarang pagpapahayag ni Rizal ng kaniyang damdaming makabansa. Hinihimok niya ang kabataang Pilipino upang mamukadkad at linangin ang
kaniyang masisining na katalinuhan, tinatawag itong Magandang Pag-asa ng Bayan Kong Mutya, na ngayoy isang pariralang malimit banggitin.
Makikita kaagad sa unang taludtod ang ipinaparating na mensahe ni Rizal na ang kabataan ay ang pag-asa ng bayan, sa paggamit ng mga salitang kabataan ng aking pangarap at pag-
asa ng bayan. Isinaad din nya na hinihintay niyang mangibabaw ang katalinuhan ng mga kabataan upang magtulong-tulong sa pagunlad ng bayan. Pinapayuhan din niya, sa ikatlong
talata, na gamitin ng kabataan ang karunungan sa agham at sining upang makawala sa gapos na nagsisiil sa damdamin ng mamamayan.
Inihalintulad din nya ang himig ng kabataan sa boses ni Philomel na nakakapagpawi ng luha at hinagpis. Ang diwa at alaala ng kabataan ay siya ding gagamitin upang mapagtibay ang
ating bayan, at ito ay walang kamatayang nakatanim sa puso ng kabataan. Parang pinapangaralan niya ang mga kabataang Pilipino na gamitin ang kanilang angking talino at nakamit na
karunungan sa dalawang paraan, ang dalawang para na ito ay ang iangat ang Pilipinas upang tayoy umunlad, at maging patriot ng bansang Pilipinas.
Sa tulay ipinahahayag na ang Pilipinas ay bayan ng mga Pilipino at ang salitang Pilipino ay unang ginagamit upang tawagin ang mga katutubo ng Pilipinas, hindi ang mga kastilang
ipinanganak sa Pilipinas, na siyang gamit ng salitang ito.

Ipinahahayag din sa tulang ito na ang Pilipinas ay bayan ng mga Pilipino at ang salitang Pilipino ay unang ginagamit upang tawagin ang mga katutubo ng Pilipinas, hindi ang mga
kastilang ipinanganak sa Pilipinas na siyang gamit ng salitang ito.

PLUMA

The docudrama consists of a reenactment scene of the facets of Rizals life, along with extensive interviews needed to establish Rizals image as a writer. It is divided into six parts.

The first part started with the birth of Rizal up to his early education. While there was no definite measurement of being a genius during his time, Rizal was noticeably gifted. He showed
exceptional talents in painting, molding, sculpting and writing. But it was writing which served him well. At an early age, he wrote the Memorias de un estudyante Manila, which is about the
memoirs of his childhood. At 8 years old, he wrote the famous Sa Aking mga Kabata. It was said that his father, Francisco Mercado, owned almost 1000 books during that time, and that he
made Rizal read books like El Amigo de los Nios. This influenced Rizals passion for writing.

The second part was about his higher education. It was during this time when he wrote A La Juventud Filipina which was deemed as his first recognition to the Filipino youth. His other

work was El Consejo de los Dioses, won an award in Manila. In 1882, Rizal left for Madrid, after the then-Governor General Jose Maria dela Torre granted him a scholarship. In Madrid,

Rizal wrote Pag-ibig sa Tinubuang Lupa, his first propaganda sent and published in a Tagalog newspaper in Manila.

The third part focused on his life in Europe wherein he started writing Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo. It also stated the challenges met by Rizal before publishing Noli Me Tangere.

Through the help of his friends, he successfully published 2000 copies of the said novel before going back to the Philippines.

The fourth part told a rather personal and lighter aspect of Rizals story by documenting about the women of Rizals life, the letters of some of these women for Rizal, as well as Rizals

letters for some of these women.

The fifth part highlighted Rizals life after publishing Noli Me Tangere. Because of the controversial novel which brought ire to the Spanish friars, Paciano asked Rizal to go back to Europe.

It is also during this period when he wrote Sobre la Indolencia de los Filipinos under the pseudonym Laong Laan. It was published in La Solidaridad in 1890.

Rizal seemed to have never stopped writing. Four years after publishing Noli Me Tangere, he continued writing his second novel, El Filibusterismo. The fifth part ended with the beginning

of Rizals exile in Dapitan.

The last part focused on the last days of Rizal, primarily those he spent in Dapitan. In Dapitan, he showed his fellowmen what he could do had he been given a chance to be a public

servant. He contributed in the towns need for health assistance and education. It goes on until he was he was sentenced to death in 1896. Mi Ultimo Adios, the poem he wrote on the eve

of his execution, became an inspiration to many Filipinos.

Pluma: Rizal ang Dakilang Manunulat

The documentary, titled Pluma: Rizal ang Dakilang Manunulat attempts to trace the evolution of Rizal, showing how Rizal was able to document parts of his life that is reflected
from his writingsfrom his birth up to his last moments. The documentary also highlighted parts of his life that made a big impact influencing his patriotism; the incident when Teodora
Alonso was accused of poisoning, the death of the GOMBURZA priests, and also his controversial speech that he made in honour of his friends achievements.
Given the instances during Rizals time, he was from an ilustrado family which helped tremendously in his development as a child, the right type of environment to be nurtured
despite the influence and tyranny of the friars during his time. He was said to be born as a genius, but I believe that the concoction of forces paved even further in not just unlocking but also
surpassing his potentials; I became envious of this part because I can somehow associate myself with Rizals background, being a prodigy, however mishaps do happen, and my
development was put into a halt. I see Rizal as a model of genius that is achievable through building yourself to become a genius. Ive always desired or wished to be a genius, and Rizal was
an example of how a genius was made not born, he came from a society that prejudice was waiting in their front door and despite how grand the achievements of one, it would be battered
down. Rizals life was a life of determined mastery of whatever he laid his eyes on, he will see to it that hell acquire and apply it. It made me feel somewhat associated in him and even
inspired because of his will.
My reaction to Rizals life was a fusion of envy, inspiration, gloom, and yearning. Would I become something as close to him, someone who challenged an empire, whose glory
awakened the consciousness of a nation that eventually lead to its freedom? I think that I may not be subjected to a place of such recognition, but to a life that I may live like how Rizal lived,
a life of determination, only with him was his pen and paper, and his indomitable will; a life that is like of a fleeting arrow, built of nothing but direction and intent.
I was really attracted to the idea of his intellect and pursuit; he channelled his life and works through his writings, a man who thrived in his realm of words, who would have thought
that a mere writing can become even bigger than an empire. It is true that the pen is mightier than the sword, for swords can only do so little and that it has to be wielded along with
violence, however the pen and paper which he used to communicate his ideas, possess a subtle geniusbehind his writings, there is an ideaand ideas are bulletproof, its effect so subtle
yet a force to reckon with. It was he, the great writer, our national hero, Jose Rizal, a genius in his own right.
Genius has no country, genius burst forth everywhere, is like light and air the patrimony of all; cosmopolitan as space, as life as God. Jose Rizal

REACTION PAPER IN THE MOVIE JOSE RIZAL

The movie tells the life story of Jose Rizal, the national hero of the Philippines. Athree-hour epic on the life and struggles of his poet and patriotisms. It covers his life
fromh i s c h i l d h o o d t o h i s e x e c u t i o n a t t h e h a n d s o f t h e S p a n i s h f o r c e s o c c u p y i n g t h e Philippines in the late 19th century. We are also thrown into
the world of Rizal's novels(filmed in black and white), so we get a glimpse of how he viewed Filipino society under the Spanish heal.The film also through a series of flashback showing
Rizal as a genius, a writer, adoctor, an artist, a lover, a friend, a brother and a son, thus giving a rich texture of Rizalscharacter.The movie introduces us to the life of subjugation of the
Filipino people under therule of the Spanish friars. From the execution of three Filipino priests in 1872 for allegedsubversion to the harsh and unequal treatment of Filipino
students in the schools, this film is a stinging indictment of Spanish colonial rule in the Philippines.I a l s o c o m m e n d t h e f i l m f o r i t s b r a v e r y i n s h o w i n g t h e e v i l
t y r a n n y o f t h e Catholic Church during that time. Considering that the Philippines is a Catholic nationthat is like butchering a sacred cow but alas, Abaya
works her magic in depicting the suffering of the Filipinos because of the friars.This is by far the best Filipino movie that I have seen so far. I would urge anyonereading this who likes
movies, to either rent it or buy it.I particularly love the last scene of the film when Rizal fell in the ground facingthe sk y, having his last breath looking at a beautiful
sunrise- a metaphor depicting thatRizal did not die in vain. He did not die for nothing. He did not die defeated. Rather hedied victorious because his death is
the torch that lights Philippine independence, that ignites Philippine Revolution