TCVN TIU CHUN QUC GIA

TCVN 7888:2014
Xut bn ln 2

CC B TNG LY TM NG LC TRC
Pretensioned spun concrete piles

H NI - 2014
TCVN 7888:2014

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Mc lc Trang
Li ni u 4
1 Phm vi p dng 5
2 Ti liu vin dn 5
3 Thut ng, nh ngha 6
4 Phn loi 7
4.1 Theo chng loi v m k hiu sn phm 7
4.2 Theo ch tiu cht lng c l 7
4.3 Theo hnh dng v kch thc ng knh ngoi (D mm) 7
5 Hnh dng, kch thc c bn v k hiu 7
5.1 Hnh dng, kch thc c bn 7
5.2 K hiu 8
6 Yu cu k thut 9
6.1 Yu cu v vt liu 9
6.2 Yu cu v b tng 10
6.3 Kch thc v sai lch kch thc 10
6.4 Yu cu ngoi quan v cc khuyt tt cho php 13
6.5 Yu cu ng sut hu hiu ca cc 14
6.6 Yu cu bn ca thn cc 14
6.7 Yu cu ca mi ni 15
7 Phng php th 15
7.1 Ly mu v chun b mu th 15
7.2 Xc nh kch thc, ngoi quan v khuyt tt cc 16
7.3 Xc nh cng nn b tng 17
7.4 Xc nh bn un nt thn cc 17
7.5 Xc nh bn un thn cc PHC v NPH di ti trng nn dc trc 19
7.6 Xc nh kh nng bn ct thn cc PHC, NPH 24
7.7 Xc nh bn un gy thn cc 26
7.8 Xc nh bn un mi ni 26
8 Nghim thu sn phm cc 26
8.1 Nguyn tc 26
8.2 H s nghim thu 26
9 Ghi nhn, bo qun v vn chuyn 27
9.1 Ghi nhn 27
9.2 Bo qun 28
9.3 Vn chuyn 29
Ph lc A quy nh) Tnh ton ng sut hu hiu ca cc b tng ly tm ng lc trc 30
Ph lc B (quy nh) Tnh ton sc khng nn dc trc ca cc 32
Ph lc C (tham kho) Chng trnh ni dung th nghim cht lng cc 34

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Li ni u

TCVN 7888:2014 thay th TCVN 7888:2008

TCVN 7888:2014 do Hi B tng Vit Nam (VCA) bin son, B Xy dng

ngh, Tng cc Tiu chun o lng Cht lng thm nh, B Khoa
hc v Cng ngh cng b.

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TIU CHUN QUC GIA TCVN 7888:2014

Cc b tng ly tm ng lc trc
Pretens ioned spun concrete p ile s

1 Phm vi p dng
Tiu chun ny p dng cho cc b tng ng lc trc, c sn xut theo phng php quay ly tm.

2 Ti liu vin dn
Cc ti liu vin dn sau y l cn thit khi p dng tiu chun ny. i vi cc ti liu vin dn ghi
nm cng b th p dng bn c nu. i vi cc ti liu vin dn khng ghi nm cng b th p dng
phin bn mi nht, bao gm cc bn sa i, b sung (nu c).
TCVN 1651-1:2008, Thp ct b tng. Phn 1: Thp thanh trn trn.
TCVN 1651-2:2008, Thp ct b tng. Phn 2: Thp thanh vn.
TCVN 2682:2009, Xi mng poc lng - Yu cu k thut.
TCVN 3105:1993, Hn hp b tng nng v b tng nng - ly mu, ch to v bo dng mu th.
TCVN 3118:1993, B tng nng - phng php xc nh cng nn.
TCVN 4506:2012, Nc trn b tng v va - Yu cu k thut.
TCVN 5709:2009, Thp cc bon cn nng dng cho xy dng - Yu cu k thut.
TCVN 6067:2004, Xi mng poc lng bn sun pht - Yu cu k thut.
TCVN 6260:2009, Xi mng poc lng hn hp - Yu cu k thut.
TCVN 6284-1:1997 (ISO 6934-1:1991), Thp ct b tng d ng lc - Phn 1: Yu cu chung.
TCVN 6284-2:1997, (ISO 6934-2:1991), Thp ct b tng d ng lc - Phn 2: Dy ko ngui.
TCVN 6284-3:1997, (ISO 6934-3:1991), Thp ct b tng d ng lc - Phn 3: Dy ti v ram.
TCVN 7570:2006, Ct liu dng cho b tng v va - Yu cu k thut.
TCVN 7711:2013, Xi mng poc lng hn hp bn sun pht - Yu cu k thut.
TCVN 8826:2011, Ph gia ha hc cho b tng - Yu cu k thut v phng php th.
TCVN 8827:2011, Ph gia khong hot tnh cao dng cho b tng v va - Silicafume v tro tru nghin mn.
TCVN 9356:2012, Kt cu b tng ct thp - phng php in t xc nh chiu dy lp b tng bo v
v ng knh ct thp trong b tng.
TCVN 9490:2012 (ASTM C900-06), Phng php xc nh cng ko nh ca b tng.
TCVN 10302:2014, Ph gia hot tnh tro bay dng cho b tng, va xy v xi mng.
JC/T950-2005, Ground silica sand used for pretensioned spun high-strength concrete piles (Ct silic
nghin dng cho cc b tng ly tm ng lc trc cng cao).

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JIS A1136, Method of test for compressive strength of spun concrete (Phng php th cng nn
b tng ly tm).

3 Thut ng, nh ngha

Trong tiu chun ny s dng cc thut ng v nh ngha sau:

3.1
Cc b tng ly tm ng lc trc thng (Pretensioned spun concrete piles - PC)
Cc b tng ly tm ng lc trc c sn xut bng phng php quay ly tm, c cng chu nn
ca b tng vi mu th hnh tr (150 x 300) mm khng nh hn 60 MPa.

3.2
Cc b tng ly tm ng lc trc cng cao (Pretensioned spun high strength concrete piles - PHC)
Cc b tng ly tm ng lc trc c sn xut bng phng php quay ly tm, c cng chu nn
ca b tng vi mu th hnh tr (150 x 300) mm khng nh hn 80 MPa.

3.3
Cc b tng ly tm ng lc trc dng thn t cng cao - Nodular (Pretensioned spun high
strength Nodular - NPH)
Cc b tng ly tm ng lc trc cng cao nhng c t trn thn cc, cn gi l cc Nodular, c
cng chu nn ca b tng vi mu th hnh tr (150 x 300) mm khng nh hn 80 MPa.

3.4
Trc mt (Sticky skin)
Hin tng lp b mt b tng b bong trc khi tho khun.

3.5
R t ong (Pitted surface)
Hin tng b mt b tng c cc im lm do thiu va trong to hnh.

3.6
Mt bch (End flange)
Thp tm dng hnh trn ng knh bng ng knh cc, trn mt tm c l ren bt bu lng cng
ko v l gi u thp ch sau dp nhm nh v thp ch trc v sau khi cng lc.

3.7
Mng xng (Collar)
Thp tm c cun trn v hn vo mt bch theo bin chu vi. Chiu dy, b rng mng xng ph
thuc ng knh cc.

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3.8
X mp (Leakage at the edge)
- Xi mp np khun l hin tng mt va xi mng ti v tr tip gip gia hai np khun trong qu trnh
quay li tm.
- X mp mng xng l hin tng thiu va xi mng hoc b tng ti v tr tip gip gia mng xng v
thn cc.

4 Phn loi

4.1 Theo chng loi v m k hiu sn phm

- Cc b tng ng lc trc thng (PC).
- Cc b tng ng lc trc cng cao (PHC) v (NPH).

4.2 Theo ch tiu cht lng c l

4.2.1 Gi tr mmen un nt
Cc b tng ng lc trc thng (PC) c phn thnh 4 loi cp ti: A, AB, B v C theo Bng 1.

4.2.2 Gi tr ng sut hu hiu tnh ton, mmen un nt v kh nng bn ct

- Cc b tng ng lc trc cng cao (PHC) c phn thnh 4 loi cp ti: A, AB, B v C theo Bng 1.
- Cc b tng ng lc trc cng cao NODULAR c t trn thn (NPH) c phn thnh 3 loi
cp ti A, B v C theo Bng 2.

4.3 Theo hnh dng v kch thc ng knh ngoi (D mm)

4.3.1 Hnh dng cc

- Cc thn thng (PC) v (PHC);

- Cc thn t (NPH).

4.3.2 ng knh ngoi (D mm)

Cc b tng ly tm ng lc trc (PC, PHC, NPH) c cc loi: 300; 350; 400; 450; 500; 600; 700; 800;
900; 1000; 1100; 1200 theo Bng 1 v Bng 2.

5 Hnh dng, kch thc c bn v k hiu

5.1 Hnh dng, kch thc c bn

- Cc PC, PHC c hnh tr trn rng v cc kch thc c bn c th hin trn Hnh 1, vi ng
knh ngoi v chiu dy thnh cc khng i ti mi tit din ca thn cc.

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CH DN:
L - Chiu di cc; t - Chiu dy thnh cc; CTb - Mi cc hoc u mi ni.
D - ng knh ngoi cc; CTa - u cc hoc u mi ni;
Hnh 1 - Cc b tng ly tm ng lc trc PC, PHC

- Cc NPH c t trn thn cc, tit din ct ngang m rng ti cc v tr t v cc kch thc c bn
c th hin Hnh 2. ng knh ngoi ca t l mt dy tng ng vi c tnh ca thn cc. i
vi cc c ng knh ngoi nh hn hoc bng 450 mm th ng knh t khng vt qu + 150 mm
so vi ng knh ngoi ca thn cc. i vi cc c ng knh ngoi ln hn hoc bng 500 mm th
ng knh t khng vt qu + 200 mm so vi ng knh ngoi ca thn cc. Khong cch gia 2
tm t l 1 m. u cc, mi cc v mi ni ph hp, tng t nh cc PC v PHC.
t
Dk
D

CH DN:
L - Chiu di cc; Dk - ng knh ngoi t cc;
D - ng knh ngoi cc; t - Chiu dy thnh cc;
a, b, c, d - Cc kch thc ca t cc;
Khong cch gia 2 tm t l 1 m.

Hnh 2 - Cc b tng ng lc trc Nodular (NPH)

5.2 K hiu
Trn mi sn phm cc c k hiu bng cc ch v s vit tt theo trnh t sau:
- Tn cc: PC, PHC, NPH;
- Loi cc: A, AB, B, C;
- ng knh ngoi (mm);
- Chiu di cc (m);
- M hiu tiu chun p dng.

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V d: PC-A600-12-TCVN 7888:2014 l cc b tng ly tm ng lc trc thng, loi A, ng knh

ngoi 600 mm, chiu di cc 12 m, c sn xut theo TCVN 7888:2014.
PHC-A600-12-TCVN 7888:2014 l cc b tng ly tm ng lc trc cng cao, loi A, ng knh
ngoi 600 mm, chiu di cc 12 m, c sn xut theo TCVN 7888:2014.
NPH - A800-600-12-TCVN 7888:2014 l cc b tng ly tm ng lc trc cng cao NODULAR loi
A, ng knh ngoi ca t 800 mm, ng knh ngoi ca thn 600 mm, chiu di cc 12 m, c
sn xut theo TCVN 7888:2014.

6 Yu cu k thut

6.1 Yu cu v vt liu

6.1.1 Xi mng
Xi mng sn xut cc dng ng mi trng xm thc l xi mng poc lng bn sun pht (PCSR)
ph hp vi TCVN 6067:2004, xi mng poc lng hn hp bn sun pht (PCBHSR) ph hp vi TCVN
7711:2013. Cng c th s dng cc loi xi mng poc lng khc kt hp vi ph gia hot tnh p ng
yu cu v kh nng chng xm thc.
i vi vng khng chu mi trng xm thc, c th s dng xi mng poc lng ph hp TCVN
2682:2009 hoc xi mng poc lng hn hp ph hp TCVN 6260:2009.

6.1.2 Ct liu
Ct liu s dng sn xut cc b tng ph hp vi TCVN 7570:2006. Kch thc ca ct liu ln,
khng ln hn 25 mm v khng vt qu 2/5 chiu dy ca thnh cc.

6.1.3 Nc
Nc dng trn v dng h b tng tha mn yu cu theo TCVN 4506:2012.

6.1.4 Ph gia
Ph gia b tng dng sn xut cc ph hp TCVN 8826:2011, TCVN 8827:2011, TCVN 10302:2014
v JC/T950-2005.

6.1.5 Ct thp
Ct thp dng sn xut cc ph hp vi cc tiu chun tng ng:
- Thp d ng lc ph hp TCVN 6284-1:1997, TCVN 6284-2:1997, TCVN 6284-3:1997 hoc tiu
chun theo thit k quy nh.
- Thp ct v thp ai ph hp vi TCVN 1651-1:2008; TCVN 1651-2:2008 hoc tiu chun theo thit
k quy nh.
- Thp kt cu ph hp vi TCVN 5709:2009 hoc tiu chun theo thit k quy nh.

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6.2 Yu cu v b tng
Cng nn ca b tng ch to cc PC khng nh hn 60 MPa vi mu th l mu hnh tr c kch
thc (150 x 300) mm.
Cng nn ca b tng ch to cc PHC v cc NPH khng nh hn 80 MPa vi mu th l mu
hnh tr (150 x 300) mm.

6.3 Yu cu v kch thc v mc sai lch kch thc

6.3.1 Kch thc danh ngha

Kch thc danh ngha cc b tng ly tm ng lc trc c quy nh ti Bng 1 v Bng 2.
Bng 1 - Phn loi v kch thc cc loi cc PC, PHC

ng Chiu dy Loi Mmen un nt, ng sut Kh nng bn ct, Chiu di cc,

knh ngoi, thnh cc, cp khng nh hn, hu hiu, khng nh hn, L,
D, mm t, mm ti kN.m MPa kN m

A 24,5 4 99,1
AB 30,0 6 111,0 T 6 n 13
300 60
B 34,3 8 125,6
C 39,2 10 136,4
A 34,3 4 118,7
350 60 B 49,0 8 150,1 T 6 n 15
C 58,9 10 162,8

A 54,0 4 148,1
65 AB 64,0 6 176,0 T 6 n 16
400
B 73,6 8 187,4
C 88,3 10 204,0
A 73,6 4 180,5
450 70 B 107,9 8 227,6 T 6 n 16
C 122,6 10 248,2

A 103,0 4 228,6
AB 125,0 6 271,0 T 6 n 20
500 80
B 147,2 8 288,4
C 166,8 10 313,9

A 166,8 4 311,0
AB 206,0 6 362,0 T 6 n 24
600 90
B 245,2 8 392,4
C 284,5 10 427,7

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Bng 1 - (kt thc)

ng Chiu dy Loi Mmen un nt, ng sut Kh nng bn ct, Chiu di cc,

knh ngoi, thnh cc, cp khng nh hn, hu hiu, khng nh hn, L,
D, mm t, mm ti kN.m MPa kN m

A 264,9 4 406,1
AB 319,0 6 437,0 T 6 n 30
700 100
B 372,8 8 512,1
C 441,4 10 557,2

A 392,4 4 512,1
AB 471,0 6 595,0 T 6 n 30
800 110
B 539,6 8 646,5
C 637,6 10 704,4

A 539,6 4 631,0
900 120 B 735,8 8 797,0 T 6 n 30

C 833,8 10 867,0

A 735,8 4 762,2
AB 883 6 774,0 T 6 n 30
1000 130
B 1030,0 8 961,4
C 1177,0 10 1047,0

A 932,0 4 905,0
1100 140 B 1324,0 8 1142,0 T 6 n 30

C 1521,0 10 1244,0

A 1177,0 4 1059,0
AB 1412,0 6 1292,0 T 6 n 30
1200 150
B 1668,0 8 1337,0

C 1962,0 10 1457,0

CH THCH:
- Ti trng bn ct ch p dng cho cc PHC.
- Chiu di ti a ca tng loi cc ph thuc vo thit k, thit b sn xut, kh nng thi cng v c th ln
hn chiu di trong bng.
- Trng hp cn tng kh nng chu ti ca cc th c th tng chiu dy thnh cc.

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Bng 2 - Phn loi v kch thc cc NPH

ng ng Chiu Kch Loi Mmen ng Kh nng

K hiu
knh knh dy thc cp un nt, sut bn ct,
cc
ngoi t, thnh b, c, d ti khng nh hu khng
D, mm Dk,max cc, t, mm hn, hiu, nh hn
mm mm kN.m MPa KN

A 24,5 4 99,1
450 - 300 300 450 60 75 B 34,3 8 125,6
C 39,2 10 136,4
A 54,0 4 148,1
550 - 400 400 550 65 75 B 73,6 8 187,4
C 88,3 10 204,0
A 73,6 4 180,5
600 - 450 450 600 70 75 B 107,9 8 227,6
C 122,6 10 248,2

A 103,0 4 228,6
650 - 500 500 650 80 75 B 147,2 8 288,4
C 166,8 10 313,9

A 166,8 4 311,0
800 - 600 600 800 90 100 B 245,2 8 392,4
C 284,5 10 427,7
A 264,9 4 406,1
900 - 700 700 900 100 100 B 372,8 8 512,1
C 441,4 10 557,2
A 392,4 4 512,1
1000 -
800 1000 110 100 B 539,6 8 646,5
800
C 637,6 10 704,4
A 735,8 4 762,2
1100 -
1000 1100 120 100 B 1030,0 8 961,4
900
C 1177,0 10 1047,0
A 1177,0 4 1059,0
1200 -
1000 1200 130 100 B 1668,0 8 1337,0
1000
C 1962,0 10 1457,0

CH THCH:
Ty theo thit k mt u cc NPH c th m di mt on t 0,5 m n 1,0 m vi ng knh tng ng
ng knh ngoi ca t.

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6.3.2 Sai lch kch thc cc

Mc sai lch kch thc cc PC, PHC v NPH c quy nh ti Bng 3.
Bng 3 - Mc sai kch thc i vi cc loi cc PC, PHC v NPH

Tn kch thc Mc sai lch cho php

Chiu di, L (mm) 0,3 % chiu di
ng knh ngoi, D (mm)
- T 300 n nh hn 700 + 5; - 2
- T 700 n 1200 + 7; - 4
vt mt u cc, (mm), khng ln hn 0,5 % D
Chiu dy thnh cc, t (mm) +: khng quy nh
-: bng khng (= 0)
vng thn cc, n, khng ln hn - Cc c chiu di n 15 m: n = L/1000
- Cc c chiu di n 30 m: n = L/2000
Khong cch hai tm t, (mm) 5
phng ca mt u cc, (mm)
- Theo ng knh ngoi + 0; - 1
- Theo ng knh trong + 0; - 2

6.3.3 Chiu dy lp b tng bo v ct thp

Chiu dy ca lp b tng bo v ct thp d ng lc:
- cc c ng knh ngoi n 400 mm, khng nh hn 20 mm;
- cc c ng knh ngoi n 500 mm, khng nh hn 25 mm;
- cc loi cc khc, khng nh hn 35 mm.

6.4 Yu cu ngoi quan v cc khuyt tt cho php

Yu cu ngoi quan v mc cc khuyt tt cho php cho cc loi cc c quy nh ti Bng 4.
Bng 4 - Yu cu ngoi quan v mc cc khuyt tt cho php i vi cc PC, PHC, NPH

Khuyt tt, ngoi quan cc Mc cho php

+ i vi cc 300 mm 650 mm: din tch vt try xc

2
ti mt v tr 50 cm
Try xc + i vi cc 700 mm 1200 mm: din tch vt try xc
2
ti mt v tr 100 cm
+
Tng din tch ton b cc vt try xc khng c ln
hn 0,5 % tng din tch b mt cc

Trc mt, r t ong Tng din tch cc v tr 1,0 % tng din tch b mt cc

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Bng 4 (kt thc)

Khuyt tt, ngoi quan cc Mc cho php

X mp np khun + X mp np khun:
Chiu su: < 5 mm;
Chiu di 700 mm ti mt v tr v tng chiu di cc vt x
mp 10 % chiu di cc.
X mp mng xng + X mp mng xng:
B rng 15 mm;
Chiu di 1/3 chu vi cc.

+ Chnh lch gia v tr li v lm 20 mm.

li lm trong lng cc + Chiu dy thnh cc (tnh t b mt cc n v tr lm)
khng thp hn chiu dy thit k;

Chnh lch cao gia mng xng v thn + i vi cc 300 mm 650 mm: 5 mm.
cc + i vi cc 700 mm 1200 mm: 7 mm.

+ Kch thc cnh ln nht 50 mm

+ su:
Mp mng xng
i vi cc 300 mm 650 mm: 2 mm.
i vi cc 700 mm 1200 mm: 4 mm;

Vt rn hoc nt b mt cc B rng vt rn hoc vt nt b mt cc 0,05 mm

Cho php trn thn cc c vt ni khun nhng g bc vt

Vt ni khun
ni khun khng vt qu 3 mm.

CH THCH: Gi tr ng knh p dng cho c cc PC, PHC v NPH. Trng hp cc NPH l gi tr ng

knh ngoi ca t

6.5 Yu cu ng sut hu hiu ca cc

ng sut hu hiu tnh ton cho tng cp ti A, AB, B v C tng ng l 4 MPa; 6 MPa, 8 MPa v 10 MPa
vi sai s cho php l 5 %. Xc nh v tnh ton ng sut hu hiu ca cc PC, PHC, NPH c trnh
by Ph lc A.

6.6 Yu cu bn thn cc
- bn un nt thn cc PC, cc PHC v cc NPH c xc nh qua gi tr mmen un nt nu trong
iu 7.4 khi vt nt quan st c c b rng nh hn 0,1 mm. Gi tr mmen un nt thn cc khng
nh hn gi tr mmen un nt c nu trong Bng 1.
- bn un gy thn cc PC v cc PHC, NPH c xc nh qua gi tr mmen un t c n khi
cc gy. Gi tr mmen un gy khng nh hn 1,5 ln gi tr mmen un nt c nu trong Bng 1

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i vi cp ti A, khng nh hn 1,65 ln i vi cp ti AB, khng nh hn 1,8 ln i vi cp ti B v

khng nh hn 2 ln i vi cp ti C.

- bn un di ti trng nn dc trc v bn ct thn cc ch p dng i vi cc PHC, NPH cn

p ng cc yu cu c nu trong Bng 1, trong iu 7.5, iu 7.6 v tham kho ph lc B.

6.7 Yu cu ca mi ni
- Chi tit ca cc dng mi ni in hnh c th hin trn Hnh 3.
- u mi ni ca cc cn lin kt tt vi thn cc. u cui ca thp ng lc trc c lin kt vi chi
tit u mi ni. B mt ca mi ni phi vung gc vi trc ca cc. Mc sai lch kch thc ng
knh ngoi ca u mi ni so vi ng knh ngoi qui nh trong Bng 3 ca cc l t - 4 mm
n + 7 mm ty theo ng knh ca cc.
- bn un ca mi ni khng nh hn bn un thn cc nu trong 6.6.
- bn un ca mi ni khi mmen un ca mi ni t n mmen un nt nu trong 6.6 tng
ng vi gi tr o c khi kim tra i vi thn cc.

Tm thp ni
Tm thp ni
W W
A

Tm thp hng Tm thp hng

Tm thp hng (Mng xng) (Mng xng)
(Mng xng)
Hai dy
Mi hn bu lng ni cc
Mi hn

a) Ni hn i u b) Ni hn i u v bn tp c) Ni bng bu lng

CH DN: A chiu dy rnh hn;

W chiu rng mi hn trn thn cc.
Hnh 3 - Cc dng mi ni in hnh

7 Phng php th

7.1 C l v ly mu

7.1.1 C l
Sn phm cc cng chng loi ng knh, cng cp ti c sn xut theo cng iu kin: vt liu b
tng, ct thp, quy trnh cng ngh trong cng mt thi gian vi c quy m sn xut lin tc 3000
cc/t, c coi l mt l sn phm. Trng hp khng 3000 cc/t sn xut hoc s lng cc

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cho mt chng loi c sn xut trong khong thi gian khng ln hn 12 thng nh hn 3000 cc th
vn coi nh l mt l .

7.1.2 Ly mu
Ly mu nguyn liu: Xi mng, ct liu, ph gia, nc, ct thp c thc hin theo cc tiu chun
tng ng hin hnh cho tng loi nguyn liu.
Ly mu hn hp b tng, c bo dng mu c tin hnh theo TCVN 3105:1993. Mu xc nh
cng nn ca b tng l mu tr (150 x 300) mm. C th s dng mu tr trn rng c kch thc
(200 x 300) mm theo JIS A 1136.
Ly mu cc PC, PHC, NPH kim tra v th nghim c tin hnh i vi tng l.

7.2 Xc nh kch thc, ngoi quan v khuyt tt

7.2.1 Thit b, dng c

- Thc thp hoc thc thp cun 30 m, chnh xc 1 mm;

- Thc thp di (500 1000) mm, chnh xc n 1 mm;
- Thc kp, chnh xc n 0,1 mm;
- ke;
- Knh lp c phng i 20 ln, vch chia 0,01 mm;
- B cn l thp, dy ca cn l (0,02 1,00) mm.

7.2.2 Cch tin hnh

- Khuyt tt, ngoi quan v kch thc c kim tra trn cc PC, PHC, NPH ca l bng mt thng
v knh lp c phng i 20 ln, vch chia 0,01 mm cng vi cc dng c v thit b khc.
- Mi l sn phm ly ra 2 cc kim tra.
- o ng knh ngoi: dng thc thp hoc thc thp cun o ng knh ngoi thc t ca cc
theo hai trc xuyn tm thng gc ca mt tit din. Vic o c thc hin trn c hai u ca cc.
- o chiu dy ca thnh cc bn u ca hai ng knh nu trn bng thc kp.
- o chiu di ca tng cc theo cc ng sinh qua bn u ca hai ng knh nu trn bng thc
thp hoc thc thp cun.
- o chiu dy ca thnh cc ti cc v tr b chnh lch v kch thc bng thc kp.
- o chiu dy lp b tng bo v ct thp theo TCVN 9356:2012.
- o vng thn cc bng cch dng si ch cng dc theo ng sinh thn cc sut chiu di thn
cc, dng thc thp hoc thc kp o khong h gia b mt cc v si ch ti v tr gia thn
cc. vng thn cc l t s gia khong h va o c vi chiu di cc.
- o nghing mt bch so vi thn cc: t thc vung gc sao cho mt cnh dc theo ng sinh
cc v mt cnh vung gc vi ng sinh ti v tr mt bch, dng thc thp o khong cch ln nht

16
 TCVN 7888:2014

t mt bch n cnh thc vung gc vi ng sinh cc (nu c). Khong cch o c l

nghing ca mt bch so vi thn cc.
- Chnh lch chiu cao gia mng xng v thn cc c o ti v tr c chnh lch nhiu nht bng
thc thp.
- Xc nh din tch cc khuyt tt trn thn cc nh: try xt, trc mt, r t ong: nh du li cc
vng khuyt tt dng thc thp o b rng v chiu di tng i cc v tr c khuyt tt c nh
du, t tnh ton din tch khuyt tt ti tng v tr v tng din tch khuyt tt ca thn cc.
- Chiu rng vt nt c xc nh bng knh o vt nt c phng i 20 ln, vch chia 0,01 mm
hoc b cn thp l.

7.2.3 nh gi kt qu
L cc c chp nhn khi c hai cc th u t yu cu. Nu mt trong hai cc khng t yu cu
phi th thm bn cc khc. Nu kt qu th ln hai t yu cu, th l cc c chp nhn nghim thu.
Nu li c hn mt sn phm khng t cht lng th phi tin hnh phn loi li.

7.3 Xc nh cng nn ca b tng

Mu b tng c xc nh cng nn theo TCVN 3118:1993. C th s dng phng php khng
ph hoi xc nh cng nn b tng trn sn phm cc theo TCVN 9490:2012 (ASTM.C900-06).

7.4 Xc nh bn un nt thn cc

7.4.1 Nguyn tc

Kim tra bn un nt thn cc c thc hin cho c cc PC v PHC, NPH. Php th c thc
hin theo s trn Hnh 4.

Kch thc tnh bng milimt

500 500

3/10L 3/10L
1/5L 3/5L 1/5L
L

CH DN:
L: Chiu di cc, m;
P: Ti trng un, kN
Hnh 4 - S th nghim bn un nt thn cc

17
TCVN 7888:2014

7.4.2 Thit b, dng c

- My p thu lc hoc my p c hc dng h thng kch thu lc. My phi c lp ng h o

lc c thang chia lc ph hp, sao cho ti trng th phi nm trong phm vi (20 - 80) % gi tr ln nht
ca thang lc, chnh xc ca my trong khong 2 % ti trng th quy nh;
- Thanh gi ta, thanh truyn lc: bao gm hai thanh gi ta di, mt thanh truyn lc trn. Hai
thanh gi ta di c lm bng thp cng, cng c th lm bng g cng m bo thng v b mt
phng. Thanh truyn lc trn lm bng thp cng c t ln cc qua 2 im ta cch im gia ca
cc l 500 mm. Lc ca my p tc dng ln im gia ca chiu di thanh truyn lc v phn b u
lc ln cc qua 2 im ta.
- B cn l thp kim tra vt nt, dy ca cn l (0,02 1,00) mm;
- Thc thp hoc thc thp cun, chnh xc n 1 mm.

7.4.3 Cch tin hnh

Chun b mu th: mi l sn phm chn ngu nhin 2 cc lm mu th

t cc ln hai thanh gi ta vng chc. t thanh truyn lc ln cc. V tr lp t h thng th ti
c m t trn Hnh 4.
Ti trng un gy nt tnh ton: Ti trng un gy nt tnh ton c xc nh theo cng thc (1).
40M gmL
P (1)
2(3L 5)
trong : P: Ti trng un gy nt tnh ton, kN;
g: Gia tc trng trng, 9,81 m/s2;
M: Mmen un nt tnh ton c xc nh theo Bng 1, kN.m;
m: Khi lng cc, tn;
+ i vi cc PC, PHC: m 2,6Lt ( D t ) , tn;
+ i vi cc NPH: m 2,6Lt ( D t ) + mt cc, tn;
L: Chiu di cc, m;
D: ng knh ngoi thn cc, m;
DK: ng knh ngoi ca t cc, m;
t: Chiu dy thnh cc, m.
- Vn hnh my: cho lc tc dng ln im gia ca thanh truyn lc, tng ti t t n gi tr 10 % ti
trng gy nt tnh ton, gi ti kim tra xem ton b h thng g lp vng chc, n nh cha..
Cc thanh gi ta v thanh truyn lc c tip xc u vi cc khng. Tin hnh th ti cc cp ti
trng tng ng vi 40 %, 60 %, 80 %, 90 % v 100 % ti trng gy nt tnh ton trn. mi cp ti
trng dng li (5 1) min xc nh vng ti im gia cc v b rng vt nt ln nht nu c.

18
 TCVN 7888:2014

- Sau khi th n 100 % ti trng gy nt tnh ton, nu cc vn cha xut hin vt nt hoc vt nt c
chiu rng nh hn 0,1 mm th tip tc tng ti trng ng vi mi cp tng thm 10 % so vi ti trng
gy nt tnh ton cho n khi cc xut hin vt nt c chiu rng bng hoc ln hn 0,1 mm. Ghi li ti
trng gy nt thc t, vng ti im gia ca cc v chiu rng vt nt ln nht.

7.4.4 Biu th kt qu
- bn un nt thn cc: bn un nt thn cc c xc nh qua mmen un nt thc t ca cc
th nghim theo cng thc (2):
gmL P
M (3L 5) (2)
40 20

trong :
M: Mmen un nt thc t, kN.m;
P: Ti trng un gy nt, kN;
g: Gia tc trng trng, 9,81 m/s2;
m: Khi lng cc, tn;
+ i vi cc PC, PHC: m 2,6Lt ( D t ) , tn;

+ i vi cc NPH : m 2,6Lt ( D t ) + mt cc , tn;

L: Chiu di cc, m;
D: ng knh ngoi thn cc, m;
t: Chiu dy thnh cc, m.
- Khi th un n ti trng un gy nt tnh ton m khng thy xut hin vt nt hoc vt nt chiu
rng nh hn 0,1 mm th cc t yu cu qui nh i vi mmen un nt. Trng hp ngc li, cc
khng t yu cu v bn un nt thn cc.
- i vi cc PC: nu mmen un nt thc t t c gi tr mmen un nt tnh ton v vt qu gi
tr mmen un nt cp cao hn ti Bng 1 th cc PC c phn loi theo cp cao hn.
- L cc c chp nhn khi c hai cc th u t yu cu. Nu mt trong hai cc khng t yu cu
phi th thm bn cc khc. Nu kt qu th ln hai t yu cu, th l cc vn c chp nhn nghim
thu. Nu li c hn mt sn phm khng t cht lng th l sn phm phi tin hnh phn loi li.

7.5 Xc nh bn un thn cc PHC v NPH di ti trng nn dc trc

7.5.1 Nguyn tc

bn un thn cc di ti trng nn dc trc c thc hin i vi cc PHC v NPH. Php th

c thc hin theo s Hnh 5.

19
TCVN 7888:2014

Kch thc tnh bng milimt

P(+)

500 500
N N

L1/2 L1/2
1000 L1 1000
L P(-)

CH DN:
L: Chiu di cc, m; L1: Khong cch gi , m;
P: Ti trng un, kN; N: Ti trng nn dc trc, kN.
Hnh 5 - S th nghim un thn cc PHC, NPH di ti trng nn dc trc

7.5.2 Thit b, dng c

- S dng cc thit b v dng c nu trong 7.4.2.

- My p thu lc hoc my p c hc dng h thng kch thu lc to ti trng nn dc trc. My
c lp ng h lc c thang chia lc ph hp, sao cho ti trng th nm trong phm vi (20 - 80) % gi
tr ln nht ca thang lc. chnh xc ca my p trong khong 2 % ti trng th quy nh.

7.5.3 Cch tin hnh

- Chun b mu th: Chn hai cc PHC, NPH lm mu th i din cho cc loi sn phm c cng
ng knh ngoi.
- t cc PHC, NPH ln hai cp gi ta vng chc. t thanh truyn lc ln cc PHC, NPH. V tr lp t
h thng th ti c m t trn Hnh 5.
- Ti trng un tnh ton: Ti trng un tnh ton c xc nh s b theo cc cng thc (3), (4):
+ Trng hp ca ti trng t trn xung P(+):
(3)

+ Trng hp ca ti trng t di ln P(-):

(4)

trong :
P(+), P(-): Ti trng un tnh ton, kN;
g: Gia tc trng trng, 9,81 m/s2;

20
 TCVN 7888:2014

M: Mmen un tnh ton c xc nh theo Bng 5, kN.m;

m: Khi lng cc, tn;
+ i vi cc PHC: m 2,6Lt ( D t ) , tn;

+ i vi cc NPH: m 2,6Lt ( D t ) + mt cc, tn;

L: Chiu di cc, m;
D: ng knh ngoi thn cc, m;
t: Chiu dy thnh cc, m;
n: vng gi nh ti im gia ca cc ng vi cp mmen un yu cu, m;
N: Ti trng nn dc trc c xc nh theo Bng 5, kN.
- Vn hnh my: cho lc tc dng ln im gia ca thanh truyn lc, tng ti t t n gi tr 10 % ti
trng un tnh ton, gi ti kim tra xem ton b h thng g lp vng chc, n nh cha. Cc
thanh gi ta v thanh truyn lc c tip xc u vi cc khng.
- Cc cc PHC, NPH c th nghim un nn dc trc qua 6 giai on:
+ Giai on 1: Tc ng ti trng nn dc trc l N1. Lc ny c duy tr sut giai on 1. Tin hnh
th un trn cc theo 10 chu k, mi chu k th nghim theo hai bc sau:

Bng 5 - Bng qui nh cc cp ti trng nn dc trc (N) v mmen un (M)

Kh nng bn un
Kh nng bn un di Kh nng bn un di ti
di ti trng nn dc
ti trng nn dc trc N1 trng nn dc trc N2
trc N3
M men
ng Ti Ti Ti
M M M M M un nt
knh Cp trng trng trng
men men men M men men men ln nht
ngoi, ti nn nn nn
un un un un gy un un Mmax,
mm dc dc dc
nt gy nt M 22, nt gy kN.m
trc trc trc
M11, M12, M21, kN.m M 31, M 32,
N1, N1, N3,
kN.m kN.m kN.m kN.m kN.m
kN kN kN
A 44,1 77,5 64,7 105,9 84,4 122,6 84,4
AB 49,1 86,4 69,7 111,8 89,3 125,1 89,3
300 392,4 784,8 1177,0
B 54,0 95,2 74,6 117,7 94,2 127,5 94,2
C 58,9 106,9 79,5 123,6 99,1 130,5 99,1
A 64,7 111,8 96,1 156,0 126,5 181,5 126,5
350 B 490,5 79,5 140,3 981,0 109,9 173,6 1472,0 141,3 188,4 141,3
C 89,3 159,9 119,7 184,4 151,1 192,3 151,1
A 97,1 163,8 139,3 223,7 182,5 259,0 182,5
AB 106,9 182,5 149,1 236,5 192,4 264,4 192,4
400 588,6 1177,0 1766,0
B 116,7 201,1 158,9 249,2 202,1 269,8 202,1
C 130,5 234,5 173,6 266,8 215,8 277,6 215,8

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TCVN 7888:2014

Bng 5 - (kt thc)

Kh nng bn un
Kh nng bn un di Kh nng bn un di ti
di ti trng nn dc
ti trng nn dc trc N1 trng nn dc trc N2
trc N3
M men
ng Ti M Ti Ti
M M M M un nt
knh Cp trng men trng trng
men men M men men men ln nht
ngoi, ti nn un nn nn
un un un gy un un Mmax,
mm dc gy dc dc
nt nt M22, nt gy kN.m
trc M12, trc trc
M11, M21, kN.m M31, M32,
N1, kN.m N2, N3,
kN.m kN.m kN.m kN.m
kN kN kN
A 134,4 228,6 195,2 312,9 256,0 361,0 256,0
450 B 735,8 168,7 291,4 1472,0 229,6 353,2 2207,0 290,4 379,6 290,4
C 183,4 329,6 244,3 375,7 305,1 389,5 305,1
A 183,4 304,1 263,9 421,8 345,3 496,4 345,3
AB 205,5 348,3 286,5 452,7 367,4 512,1 367,4
500 882,9 1766,0 2649,0
B 227,6 392,4 309,0 483,6 389,5 527,8 389,5
C 247,2 447,3 328,6 518,0 409,1 543,5 409,1
A 309,0 522,9 452,2 723,0 594,5 839,7 594,5
AB 348,8 597,0 491,5 773,0 634.2 863.3 634.2
600 1275 2551,0 3826,0
B 388,5 671,0 530,7 823,0 673,9 886,8 673,9
C 427,7 765,2 570,9 877,0 713,2 909,4 713,2
A 498,3 832,9 731,8 1151,0 965,3 1312 965,3
AB 552,3 933,5 786,3 1216,5 1019,7 1339,0 1019,7
700 1766,0 3532,0 5297,0
B 606,3 1034,0 840,7 1282,0 1074,0 1366,0 1074,0
C 673,9 1185,0 906,4 1355,0 1139,0 1387,0 1139,0
A 692,6 1143 991,8 1579,0 1292,0 1855,0 1292,0
AB 766,2 1294,5 1065,9 1687,5 1366,0 1911,0 1366,0
800 1962,0 3924,0 5886,0
B 839,7 1446,0 1140,0 1796,0 1440,0 1967,0 1440,0
C 935,9 1679,0 1235,0 1936,0 1534,0 2027,0 1534,0
A 966,3 1598,0 1394,0 2226,0 1821,0 2601,0 1821,0
900 B 2452,0 1165,0 2009,0 4905,0 1595,0 2516,0 7358,0 2024,0 2748,0 2024,0
C 1264,0 2277,0 1696,0 2679,0 2127,0 2827,0 2127,0
1000 A 2943,0 1306,0 2159,0 5886,0 1876,0 3004,0 8829,0 2446,0 3502,0 2446,0
AB 1452,0 2454,5 2021,5 3203,5 2591,0 3599,5 2591,0
B 1598,0 2750,0 2167,0 3403,0 2736,0 3697,0 2736,0
C 1745,0 3143,0 2314,0 3633,0 2882,0 3810,0 2882,0
A 3434,0 1652,0 2821,0 6867,0 2372,0 3943,0 10300,0 3092,0 4597,0 3092,0
1100 B 2030,0 3646,0 2735,0 4538,0 3440,0 4907,0 3440,0
C 2218,0 4164,0 2916,0 4846,0 3612,0 5041,0 3612,0
A 2080,0 3555,0 2982,0 4983,0 3885,0 5852,0 3885,0
AB 2316,0 4076,5 3208,5 5368,5 4102,0 6062,0 4102,0
1200 2924,0 7848,0 11770,0
B 2552,0 4598,0 3435,0 5754,0 4319,0 6272,0 4319,0
C 2834,0 5331,0 3706,0 6208,0 4578,0 6471,0 4578,0

22
 TCVN 7888:2014

Bc 1: Tng ti trng un tnh ton t gi tr P11(+) tng ng vi gi tr mmen un tnh ton M11
trong Bng 5 theo phng t trn xung. o b rng vt nt ln nht, vng v ghi s lng vt nt
trn thn cc.
Bc 2: Tr ti trng un v bng khng. Tin hnh th nghim ging bc 1 vi ti trng un tnh ton
P11(-) tng ng vi gi tr mmen un tnh ton M11 trong Bng 5 theo phng t di ln. o b rng
vt nt ln nht, vng v ghi s lng vt nt trn thn cc.
+ Giai on 2: Tin hnh th nghim ging giai on 1 vi gi tr ti trng nn dc trc l N2 v ti trng
un tnh ton l P21(+) v P21(-) tng ng vi gi tr mmen un tnh ton M21.
+ Giai on 3: Tin hnh th nghim ging giai on 1 vi gi tr ti trng nn dc trc l N3 v ti trng
un tnh ton l P31(+) v P31(-) tng ng vi gi tr mmen un tnh ton M31. Sau khi kt thc cc th
nghim ca giai on 3, tip tc tng ti trng un P31(+) cho ti khi xut hin vt nt c chiu rng bng
hoc ln hn 0,1 mm th dng li. Ghi li ti trng un gy nt thc t, P, vng ti im gia ca cc,
s lng vt nt v b rng vt nt ln nht.
+ Giai on 4: Tin hnh th nghim ging giai on 1 vi gi tr ti trng nn dc trc l N1 v ti trng
un tnh ton l P12(+) v P12(-) tng ng vi gi tr mmen un tnh ton M12.
+ Giai on 5: Tin hnh th nghim ging giai on 1 vi gi tr ti trng nn dc trc l N2 v ti trng
un tnh ton l P22(+) v P22(-) tng ng vi gi tr mmen un tnh ton M22.
+ Giai on 6: Tin hnh th nghim ging giai on 1 vi gi tr ti trng nn dc trc l N3 v ti trng
un tnh ton l P32(+) v P32(-) tng ng vi gi tr mmen un tnh ton M32.

7.5.4 Biu th kt qu
Mmen un nt ln nht thc t ca cc PHC, NPH th nghim khi c ti trng dc trc c tnh theo
cc cng thc (5):
1 P
M gm(2L L) (L 1) nN (5)
8 1 4 1 3

trong :
M: Mmen un nt ln nht thc t, kN.m;
P: Ti trng un gy nt thc t c xc nh giai on 3, kN;
g: Gia tc trng trng, 9,81m/s2;
m: Khi lng cc PHC, m 2,6Lt ( D t ) , tn;

m: Khi lng cc NPH, m 2,6Lt ( D t ) + mt cc, tn;

L: Chiu di cc PHC, NPH, m;
L1: Khong cch hai gi , L1 = L - 2, m;
D: ng knh ngoi thn cc PHC, m;

23
TCVN 7888:2014

t: Chiu dy thnh cc PHC, m;

n: vng thc t ti im gia ca cc di ti trng un nt, m;
N3: Ti trng nn dc trc giai on 3, kN.
- Nu mmen un nt ln nht thc t ca cc PHC, NPH th nghim giai on 3 c gi tr ln hn gi
tr Mmax nu trong Bng 5 v sau 10 chu k ca giai on 6 m cc vn cha b ph hu th cc PHC t
yu cu v bn un di ti trng nn dc trc.
- Sn phm cc PHC c chp nhn v bn un di ti trng nn dc trc khi c hai cc th u
t yu cu. Th nghim kim tra bn un di ti trng nn dc trc ch thc hin khi n t hng
c yu cu.

7.6 Xc nh kh nng bn ct thn cc PHC, NPH

7.6.1 Nguyn tc

Kh nng bn ct thn cc c thc hin i vi cc PHC, NPH. Php th c thc hin theo s
trn Hnh 6 hoc Hnh 7.

7.6.2 Thit b, dng c

S dng cc thit b, dng c nu trong 7.4.2.

7.6.3 Cch tin hnh

- Chun b mu th: Chn hai cc PHC, NPH lm mu th i din cho cc loi sn phm c cng
ng knh ngoi.
- t cc PHC, NPH ln hai thanh gi ta mt cch vng vng. t thanh truyn lc ln cc. V tr lp
t h thng th ti c m t trn Hnh 6.
- Ti trng ct tnh ton: Ti trng ct tnh ton c xc nh theo cng thc sau y:
P 2Q (6)
trong :
P: Ti trng ct tnh ton, kN;
Q: Kh nng bn ct tnh ton c xc nh theo Bng 1, kN.

c bit, khi thc hin th nghim bn ct nh s Hnh 7, ti trng ct c tnh ton t kh nng
bn ct theo cng thc sau:

Q ( 2a b )
P= (7)
b
trong :
P: Ti trng ct, KN;

24
 TCVN 7888:2014

Q: kh nng bn ct c tnh ton theo Bng 1, KN;

b: Khong cch gia gi ta mu th v im ta ca thanh truyn lc, m;
a: khu ct, m a= D t/2
t: chiu dy ca cc, m;
D: ng knh cc, m.

Ch : Khong cch t tm gi ta n u mu th nm trong khong t 1,25D n 2,0D.

- Vn hnh my: cho lc tc dng ln im gia ca thanh truyn lc, tng ti t t n gi tr 10% ti
trng ct tnh ton, gi ti kim tra xem ton b h thng g lp vng chc, n nh cha. Cc
thanh gi ta v thanh truyn lc c tip xc u vi cc khng. Tin hnh th ti cc cp ti trng
tng ng vi 20 %, 40 %, 60 %, 80 % v 100 % ti trng ct tnh ton trn. mi cp ti trng dng
li (5 1) min xc nh vng ti im gia cc, s lng vt nt v b rng vt nt ln nht nu c.

7.6.4 Biu th kt qu
- Khi th ct n ti trng ct tnh ton m khng thy vt nt hoc vt nt c b rng nh hn 0,1 mm th
cc PHC, NPH t yu cu qui nh i vi bn ct. Trng hp ngc li, cc khng t yu cu v
bn ct.
- Sn phm cc PHC, NPH c chp nhn v bn ct khi c hai cc th u t yu cu. Th
nghim kim tra bn ct thn cc ch thc hin khi n t hng c yu cu.

Kch thc tnh bng milimt

b/2 b/2
D

500 a b a 500

CH DN:
LTest: Chiu di mu th, m, [LTest = 2 x (1 + a) = (1 + d)]; D: ng knh ngoi, m;
P: Ti trng ct, kN; a: Khu ct, ly a = 1,0D;
b: Khu thanh truyn lc, m, b = 1,0.

Hnh 6 - S th nghim bn ct cc PHC, NPH

25
TCVN 7888:2014

CH DN:
L: Chiu di mu th, m; D: ng knh ngoi, m;
P: Ti trng ct, kN; a: Khu ct, ly a=1,0D.
b: khu thanh truyn lc (m), b=1.0

Hnh 7 - S th nghim bn ct cc PHC, NPH (gia ti bng dm c u hng)

7.7 Xc nh bn un gy thn cc
Kim tra bn un gy thn cc c kt hp vi th nghim iu 7.4 i vi mt trong hai cc th
u tin ca l, tip tc tng ti trng un cho n khi cc gy. Ghi li ti trng un ln nht t c,
tnh ton mmen un gy, nu t c yu cu trong 6.6 th ton b cc trong l c chp nhn. Th
nghim kim tra bn un gy thn cc ch thc hin khi n t hng c yu cu.

7.8 Xc nh bn un mi ni
Kim tra bn un mi ni c thc hin ging nh kim tra bn un thn cc. Mi ni c t
v tr chnh gia ca hai thanh gi . Th nghim kim tra bn un mi ni ch thc hin khi n t
hng c yu cu.

8 Nghim thu sn phm cc

8.1 Nguyn tc
TCVN 7888:2014 l tiu chun sn phm hng ha cng nghip, nh sn xut phi hon ton t chu
trch nhim v l sn phm cc do mnh sn xut ra khi cp cho khch hng.

8.2 H s nghim thu

H s nghim thu gm:

26
 TCVN 7888:2014

8.2.1 Chng ch nguyn vt liu sn xut b tng

- Xi mng;
- Ct liu: ct liu ln, ct liu nh (ct t nhin, ct nhn to);
- Chng ch cht lng thp cc loi: thp ch, thp tm, thp ai;
- Nc;
- Ph gia ha hc, ph gia khong (nu c).

8.2.2 Chng ch nh gi cht lng b tng cc.

8.2.3 Chng ch nghim thu nh gi cht lng ngoi quan v bin bn sa cha khuyt tt ngoi
quan (nu c) nh km hnh nh trc khi sa cha i vi nhng sn phm c li nm trong phm vi
cho php.

8.2.4 Chng ch cht lng kim tra bn un nt thn cc ca l sn phm theo kt qu th c

thc hin bi phng th nghim chuyn ngnh xy dng c chc nng php l cho cng tc th bn.
Chng ch v cc ch tiu: bn un gy thn cc, Un nt thn cc di ti trng nn dc trc i vi
cc PHC; Kh nng bn ct thn cc i vi cc PHC; bn un mi ni c thc hin khi c yu
cu ca khch hng (theo thit k).

8.2.5 Bin bn nghim thu xut xng (gia nh sn xut v khch hng).
Chng trnh ni dung th nghim cung cp cc s liu cho h s cht lng sn phm nghim thu
tham kho ti Ph lc C.

9 Ghi nhn, bo qun v vn chuyn

9.1 Ghi nhn

Cc PC, PHC, NPH c ghi nhn in bng sn trn mt ngoi v cch u thn cc t 1000 mm
n 1500 mm, trong ghi r:
- K hiu qui c cc PC, PHC, NPH;
- Tn, a ch c s sn xut;
- S hiu l;
- Ngy, thng, nm sn xut.
- Du kim tra cht lng, khuyn khch p dng m vch qun l cht lng sn phm.
Cc PC, PHC, NPH khi xut xng phi c phiu kim tra cht lng km theo, vi ni dung:
- Tn, a ch c s sn xut;
- K hiu qui c cc PC, PHC, NPH;
- Kt qu th nghim cc ch tiu k thut;

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- S lng cc xut xng v s hiu l;

- Ngy, thng, nm sn xut, tn tiu chun p dng;
- Bn v thit k cc PC, PHC, NPH (khi khch hng c yu cu).

9.2 Bo qun

9.2.1 Bi xp cc phi c b mt phng v n hi cng. Sn phm cc PC, PHC, NPH lu kho c

xp nm ngang theo l; mi l xp thnh tng vi chiu cao khng qu s tng quy nh ti Bng 6, gia
cc tng phi t cc tm k thch hp (k c tng st mt sn). im t tm k v tr cch u cc
0,21L (L: chiu di cc) theo chiu di cc. Khi xp phi ch d quan st nhn mc trn mi cc.
Cc bin php m bo an ton nh chng trt v chng ln phi c tun th y trong qu trnh
xp ng thnh tng cao.

CH THCH: Nu nn t c chun b tt, c th xp cc trc tip ln mt t.

Bng 6 - Quy nh s tng xp cc PC, PHC, NPH

ng knh cc, D, mm 300 n < 500 500 600 700 1000 1100 1200

S tng xp 9 7 5 (4) 4 (3)

CH THCH: S trong ngoc p dng i vi cc c chiu di ln hn 15 m.

9.2.2 Nng chuyn cc

9.2.2.1 Cc cc c chiu di n 15 m, tha mn cc yu cu trong Bng 1 v Bng 2 s c nng

chuyn ti v tr hai im theo s Hnh 8 hoc mc nng ti hai u cc.

9.2.2.2 Cc cc n hoc cc ni di t hn 15 m n 30 m s c nng chuyn ti bn im theo s

Hnh 9.

9.2.2.3 Cc cc n hoc cc ni c chiu di ln hn 30 m s c nng ti nhiu im theo ch dn

ca thit k cc.

9.2.2.4 Cc v tr nng phi p ng yu cu ca thit k vi sai lch cho php bng 200 mm. Trong
trng hp mc nng ti hai u cc, dy cp phi vung gc vi trc dc ca cc.

9.2.2.5 Cc cc nng chuyn phi c xp d cn thn. Khng c va p, qung qut, trt ln

hoc lm ri cc.

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Hnh 8 - S v tr lng cp nng chuyn cc ti hai im

Hnh 9 - S v tr lng cp nng chuyn cc ti bn im

9.3 Vn chuyn
Sn phm cc PC, PHC, NPH ch c php bc xp, vn chuyn khi cng chu nn b tng t ti
thiu 75 % cng thit k.
Sn phm cc PC, PHC, NPH phi c xp, d bng my cu c sc cu thch hp.
Khi vn chuyn cc PC, PHC, NPH i xa phi c xe chuyn dng, cc cc phi c lin kt cht vi
phng tin vn chuyn trnh x y, va p gy h hng, bin dng.

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Ph lc A
(quy nh)
Tnh ton ng sut hu hiu ca cc b tng ly tm ng lc trc

ng sut hu hiu ca cc ly tm ng lc trc PHC l ng sut nn trc tnh ton ca b tng trong
cc c tnh n co ngt ca b tng, s suy gim ng sut do t bin ca b tng v s suy gim ng
sut do ct thp b chng ng sut.

A.1 Tnh ton ng sut hu hiu ban u

- ng sut cng tnh ton ca thp: pt (MPa)

k
(1 ) pi
pt 2
1 n' ( A p / Ac ) (A.1)
trong :
pi : ng sut cng ban u ca thp ch: pi 0.8 py hoc 0.7 x pu
+ py l ng sut chy do ca thp (MPa);
+ pu l ng sut ko t ca thp (MPa).
Ep
n' : t l modul n hi gia thp v b tng ti thi im truyn ng sut,
E cp

+ Ep l modul n hi ca thp;
+ Ecp l modul n hi ca b tng ti thi im truyn ng sut.
k: h s chng ng sut, k = 0.025;
Ap : tng din tch mt ct ngang ca thp ch (mm2);

Ac : din tch mt ct ngang ca b tng : AO - Ap (mm2);

AO : din tch mt ct ngang ca cc (mm2).

- ng sut nn ban u ca b tng c tnh ton thng qua lc ko cng ban u ca ct thp v
tng din tch mt ct ngang ca b tng.
pt Ap
cpt (A.2)
Ac

A.2 Tnh ton tn tht ng sut

A.2.1 Tn tht ng sut do t bin v co ngt: p

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n cpt E p s
p = (MPa) (A.3)
n cpt
1 1
pt 2

trong :

Ep
n=
Ec

Ec : Modul n hi ca b tng;

s : H s co ngt kh, s = 1.5 x 10-4

:H s t bin, = 2.0.
A.2.2 Tn tht ng sut do chng ng sut: r

(A.4)

A.3 ng sut hu hiu cn li sau khi chit tr cc ng sut tn tht

ng sut hu hiu trong thp ch : pe

pe = pt - ( p + r ) (MPa) (A.5)

ng sut hu hiu trong b tng: ce

(A.6)

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Ph lc B
(quy nh)
Tnh ton sc khng nn dc trc ca cc

Sc khng nn dc trc tnh ton ca cc ( Ra ) c a ra nhm cung cp thng tin cho vic tnh ton

la chn sc chu ti theo vt liu ca cc trong qu trnh thit k v la chn thit b thi cng ph hp.
Sc khng nn dc trc tnh ton theo vt liu ca cc c tnh theo cng thc sau:

cu ce
Ra = ( - ) AO (B.1)
4

trong :
Ra : Sc khng nn dc trc tnh ton ca cc, kN;

AO : Din tch mt ct ngang ca cc, mm2

ce : ng sut hu hiu trong ca cc b tng;

cu : Cng chu nn thit k ca b tng;

: H s an ton.

- i vi cc PC c cng chu nn ca b tng khng thp hn 60 MPa th gi tr h s an ton = 4

+ Sc chu ti lm vic di hn (RaL) theo vt liu ca cc c tnh ton theo cng thc (14) vi = 4:

1
RaL = cu ce AO (B.2)
4

+ Sc chu ti lm vic ngn hn (RaL) theo vt liu ca cc gp 2 ln gi tr sc chu ti di hn theo

thc t ca cc:

1
RaL = cu ce AO (B.3)
2

i vi cc PHC, NPH c cng chu nn ca b tng khng thp hn 80 MPa th gi tr h s an

ton = 3.5

+ Sc chu ti lm vic di hn (RaL) theo vt liu ca cc c tnh ton theo cng thc (14) vi = 3,5

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cu ce
RaL = ( - ) AO (B.4)
3.5 4

+ Sc chu ti lm vic ngn hn (RaL) theo vt liu ca cc gp 2 ln gi tr sc chu ti di hn theo

thc t ca cc:

cu ce
RaL = 2 ( - ) AO (B.5)
3. 5 4

Sc chu ti lm vic thc t ti a ca cc khi a vo thi cng khng vt qu 80% sc chu ti lm

vic ngn hn theo vt liu ca cc: Pmax 80% RaL

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Ph lc C
(tham kho)
Chng trnh ni dung th nghim cht lng cc

C.1 Th nghim kim tra cht lng nguyn vt liu u vo

Nh sn xut cn xy dng chng trnh ni dung th nghim kim tra v chu trch nhim v vic s
dng, lu tr, cung cp cc s liu kt qu th nghim theo yu cu quy nh di y:

C.1.1 Xi mng
Xi mng nhp v kho ca nh sn xut phi c phiu chng nhn cht lng sn phm cho tng l, do
nh cung cp giao km theo ha n bn hng.
Trc khi a vo sn xut, xi mng cn c th nghim kim tra cc ch tiu cht lng ch yu sau:
Lng nc tiu chun; lu ng ca h xi mng; T din; Thi gian bt u v kt thc ng kt;
n nh th tch; cng bn un; cng bn nn (R3 v R28). Tn sut kim tra c quy nh
cho mi l xi mng s dng vo sn xut l 01 ln/l nhng khng qu thi hn mt thng/ln k t
ngy kim tra l s dng. Vic ly mu, tin hnh th m bo theo ng quy nh ca cc TCVN tng
ng hin hnh.

C.1.2 Ct liu
Ct liu nhp v kho ca nh sn xut phi c phiu chng nhn cht lng sn phm cho tng l theo
tng loi ct liu ln nh, do nh cung cp giao km theo ha n bn hng.
Trc khi a vo sn xut, ct liu cn c th nghim kim tra cc ch tiu cht lng ch yu sau:
+ Vi ct liu ln: Thnh phn c ht; Khi lng ring; Khi lng th tch; khi lng th tch xp;
m; Hm lng bn st; Cng nn dp; Hm lng ht thoi dt.
+ Vi ct liu nh: Thnh phn c ht; lng ht ln hn 5 mm; M un ln ca ct; Khi lng
ring; khi lng th tch xp; m; Hm lng bn, bi, st.
Tn sut kim tra c quy nh chung cho mi l ct liu s dng vo sn xut l 01 ln/l ct liu s
dng cho sn xut mt s lng cc cng chng loi.

C.1.3 Thp
Thp nhp v kho ca nh sn xut phi c phiu chng nhn cht lng sn phm cho tng l theo
tng chng loi thp, do nh cung cp giao km theo ha n bn hng.
Trc khi a vo sn xut, thp cn c th nghim kim tra cc ch tiu cht lng ch yu sau:
Th nghim ko thp (kch thc, ng knh, tit din, gii hn chy, gii hn bn, dn di tng
i); Th nghim un thp (kch thc, ng knh, ng knh gi un, gc un; Trng thi b mt khi un).

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Tn sut kim tra c quy nh chung cho mi l thp s dng vo sn xut l 01 ln/l thp cng
chng loi. Vic ly mu, tin hnh th m bo theo ng quy nh ca cc TCVN hin hnh tng
ng cho tng loi thp.

C.1.4 Nc
Nc s dng cho sn xut v dng h cc c kim tra cht lng theo nh k 06 thng mt ln.
Vic ly mu, tin hnh th m bo theo ng quy nh ca TCVN lin quan hin hnh.

C.1.5 Ph gia
Ph gia nhp v kho ca nh sn xut phi c phiu chng nhn cht lng sn phm cho tng l theo
tng chng loi, do nh cung cp giao km theo ha n bn hng.
Trc khi a vo sn xut, ph gia cn c th nghim kim tra liu lng, t l ph gia s dng trn
mu hn hp b tng theo yu cu thit k quy nh c th cho tng trng hp.

C.2 Th nghim kim tra cht lng hn hp b tng v b tng cc

C.2.1 Cht lng hn hp b tng

Th nghim kim tra st hn hp b tng c thc hin theo TCVN 3106:1993. Tn sut ly mu
xc nh st ca hn hp b tng ti thiu mt ln trn mt ca sn xut.

C.2.2 Cht lng b tng

Mu b tng c xc nh cng nn theo TCVN 3118:1993. Trn mt ca sn xut phi ly t nht
12 vin mu xc nh cng nn sau khi m b hp v trc khi tho khun, cng nn 07
ngy, cng nn 28 ngy v mu lu. Trng hp cc c dng h p sut v nhit cao, s
mu cn ly l 06 vin mu xc nh cng nn sau dng h (t tng ng Rn28) v mu
lu. Yu cu c th:
+ Cng nn ca b tng khi ct cp i vi cc PHC loi A, AB khng c nh hn 30 MPa v
cc loi B, C khng nh hn 40 MPa.
+ Cng nn trung bnh ca tng t mu c xem t yu cu khi bng hoc ln hn cng
nn thit k tui tng ng.

C.3 Th nghim nghim thu thnh phm

Cc tiu ch nghim thu thnh phm cc bao gm:
- Hnh dng, kch thc;
- Ngoi quan;
- bn thn cc.

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C.3.1 Nghim thu hnh dng, kch thc

Hnh dng, kch thc c nghim thu thng qua mu th i din cho tng l cc, mi l chn 2 on
cc ngu nhin. Nu c hai on t yu cu theo quy nh Bng 3 iu 6.2.2 ca TCVN 7888:2014
th ton b l cc xem nh t yu cu, nu 1 trong 2 on khng t yu cu th chn ngu nhin tip 4
sn phm cc khc trong cng l. Nu kt qu kim tra ln hai t yu cu th l cc c chp nhn
nghim thu. Nu li c hn mt cc khng t cht lng th l sn phm phi phn loi li.

C.3.2 Nghim thu ngoi quan

Kim tra ngoi quan 100 % sn phm cc sao cho m bo yu cu ca Bng 4, iu 6.3 ca TCVN
7888:2014. Ring i vi nhng sn phm b li trong phm vi cho php nh: trc mt, r mt, x mp, x
mng xng phi ghi nhn li bng bin bn c hnh nh nh km v c x l, sa cha sao cho t
yu cu v m quan trc khi nhp kho lu tr v bo qun.

C.3.3 Nghim thu bn

c nh gi theo tng l sn phm.
Cc ch tiu nghim thu:
- bn un nt thn cc;
- bn un gy thn cc;
- bn un nt thn cc di ti trng nn dc trc i vi cc PHC;
- Kh nng bn ct thn cc i vi cc PHC;
- bn un mi ni.
Trong :
- bn un nt thn cc c th nghim nh k theo l (1 ln/1 l ) bi nh sn xut hoc bi phng
th nghim t chun quc gia c chc nng php l cho cng tc th bn;
- Kh nng bn ct thn cc i vi cc PHC th nghim theo nh k hai sn phm ngu nhin trong
nm sn xut;
- Cc ch tiu bn khc s c tin hnh th khi c yu cu ca n v mua hng.
S lng mu th, phng php th v nguyn tc nh gi kt qu c quy nh iu 7 ca tiu
chun ny.

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