1.

. ,

, . 1613- ,

(Richard) (The Young Mans Gleanings)

, ,

. ,

(input) (process)

(output) (electronic

device).

. 1940

1956 , 1956 1963

, 1964 1971 , 1971

. , .

. ,

, , ,

, ,

1
2.0

. 500 , (Egyptian

Abacus) . .. 200- ,

(Chinese Abacus) .

, (Napier Bones)

1620- .

1653- ,

. (Pascaline)

. ,

, 1694-

. (Leibniz's Rechner) .

, (Charles Babbage)

(Father of Computer)

. 1833-

(Mechanical Calculator Machine).

, .

2
2.1

2.1.1 (1940 - 1956)

1946 , (Presper Eckert)

(Willian Mauchly) (ENIAC)

. 160 .

, (UNIVAC) 1951-

2.1.2. (1956 - 1963)

. (John Bardeen),

(Walter Houser Brattain) (William Shockly)

(Transistor)

. ,

, ,

3
 .

2.1.3 (1964 - 1971)

370 (IBM) 1964 .

, (Integrated Circuit - IC)

. ,

(Silicon chip) (, , )

, (Computer

Operating System)

2.1.4 (1971 )

55 . , ,

1971 -4004

. 1976 ,

. , 1981 , IBM

4
2.1.5

. (Artificial Intelligence - AI)

3.0

(Computer language) .

, .

. 0,1

. (Binary code) . ,

3.1

256 .

, ,

, ,

, ,

. .

5
3.1.1 (Application and Program Development)

. ,

C C# C++

TCL VISUAL BASIC JAVA

1:

3.1.2 (Artificial Intelligence Development)

AIML C C# C++ PROLOG

2:

3.1.3 (Database development)

. ,

, ,

6
 DBASE FoxPro MySQL SQL Visual FoxPro

3:

3.1.4 (Game Development)

3D , , ,

. .

C C# C++ DarkBASIC JAVA

4:

3.1.5 (Internet and Web Page Development)

, ,

HDML HTML JAVA JavaScript

Perl PHP Python XML

5:

3.2 ( )

7
 , .

, .

3.2.1

1) (Hello world)

. :

2) (Guessing game)

. ,

8
 3)

3.2.2

. 350

. , ,

(recursion) .

(macro-processor) ; ,

. ,

. , .

9
4.0

. ,

. ,

. , ;

. ,

10


. , (2008): " ",

, 2 (2008), 2008-

, (2005:79). /

. , .

1-86207-663-4.

http://computertricksintamil.blogspot.my/

http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/software

https://getkahoot.com/

11