DawatOJihad WWW - Peacelibrary.wapka PDF

1 `vIqvZ I wRnv` 1 2 `vIqvZ I wRnv` 2
cKvkK
nv`xQ dvDkb evsjv`k
`vIqvZ I wRnv` KvRjv, ivRkvnx-6204
nv.dv.ev. cKvkbv-14
dvb I dv : 0721-861365

. :
!" #$%&' :
($ )
*+, - )./0)
1g cKvk
1993 hyemsN cKvkbx (evsjv`k Avnjnv`xQ hyemsN)
gynvv` Avmv`yjvn Avj-Mvwje 2q msiY
1423wnt/2003Lt nv.dv.ev. cKvkbx|
3q msiY
1432wnt/2010Lt nv.dv.ev. cKvkbx|
\ me^Z cKvkKi \
KvR
nv`xQ dvDkb KwDUvm
gy`Y
mvbvjx wcwUs G cvKwRs wjt, mcyiv, ivRkvnx|
wbavwiZ g~j
nv`xQ dvDkb evsjv`k 15 (cbi) UvKv gv|
DAWAT O JIHAD by Dr. MUHAMMAD ASADULLAH AL-

GHALIB. Published by: HADEETH FOUNDATION
BANGLADESH. H.F.B.14. Kajla, Rajshahi, Bangladesh. Ph & Fax :
88-0721-861365. Fixed price: Taka: 15 (fifteen) only.
m~Pxc

3 42 `vIqvZ I wRnv`

welq cv [1991 mvji 25k Gwcj enwZevi ivRkvnx gnvbMixi DcK
bI`vcvov Avj-gviKvhyj Bmjvgx Avm-mvjvdxi `wY cvk gq`vb*
1. `vIqvZ I wRnv` 4
AbywZ evsjv`k Avnjnv`xQ hyemsN-Gi `yw`bevcx 2q RvZxq
2. Av`vjbi msw BwZe 8 mjb I ZvejxMx BRZgvq msMVbi cwZvZv I (ZrKvjxb) K`xq
3. wechqi KviY 10 Dc`v I myax cwilì gvbbxq Avgxi Rbve gynvv` Avmv`yjv n Avj-
Mvwje c` Dvabx fvlY]
4. nv`xQi wKZve mg~ni AvMgb 11
5. wZbwU hyM 14 Avmmvjv-gy AvjvqKzg Iqv ingvZzjv-wn Iqv evivKv-Zz
bvngv`y Iqv byQvjx Avjv ivm~wjwnj Kvixg
6. AKvi Avjv 16
7. wbKU AZxZi KqKRb gyRvwn` 18 evsjv`k Avnjnv`xQ hyemsN-Gi RvZxq mjb 1991 I ZvejxMx
BRZgvi mvwbZ mfvcwZ, Dvabx Abyvb DcwZ Ijvgvq Kivg,
8. gywi GKB c_ 23 myaxgjx, `ki wewfb Aj nZ AvMZ fvB I fwMbxMY Ges
9. `vIqvZi wZbwU i 24 Avnjnv`xQ Av`vjbi AvMvgx w`bi fwelr ZiY Kgx I mv_xe`!
10. `vC-i Rb Acwinvh GKwU `vwqZ 26 1980 mvji 5 I 6B Gwcj ZvwiL evsjv`ki ivRavbx kni XvKvZ
AbywZ Avnjnv`xQ hyemsNi 1g Avjvob mwKvix HwZnvwmK RvZxq
11. nK I evwZj cxì PviwU i 27
mjbi `xN GMvi eQi ci evsjv`ki mevwaK Avnjnv`xQ AaywlZ
12. `vIqvZ bv weRq mvab? 28 hjv ivRkvnx knii DcK AvRKi Af~Zc~e mjb wgwjZ nZ
13. wRnv` 30 ci Avgiv mec_ g Avjvn&i Kwiqv vcb Ki ewj Avjnvg`ywjjvn|
GB vbB 1355 mvji 28k dvjb gvZveK 1949 mvji 12B gvP
14. Dcmsnvi 38
kwbevi wbwLj e I Avmvg RgCqZ Avnjnv`xQ-Gi 1g Kbdvi
AbywZ nqwQj|1 mw`b mB Kbdvi Abyvbi ghevbi i`vwqZ
* eZgvb D vbi Dci w`q ivRkvnx gnvbMix bI`vcvov evBcvm (AvgPZi) moK
Rxebi Pq `x gZz ZLwb Rvwb wbwgZ nqQ -cKvkK|
1. MnxZ: GmZKevwjqv KwgwUi Pqvigvb Rbve Avyj nvgxì wjwLZ AwffvlY Ges
knx`x i nm IV he wh`Mvbx Avnjnv`xm cwiwPwZ ct 44 I 110; D AwffvlY _K Rvbv hvq h, H w`b
Kvq` Avhg gvnvv` Avjx wRbvn&i (1876-1948Lt) bvgvbymvi bI`vcvovi bvg
wRbvn bMi ivLv nq| eZgvb D vb nvgx`cyi bI`vcvov cvBjU zj, Mvjm zj
I bI`vcvov evRvi Rvg gmwR` vwcZ nqQ|
cvjb KiwQjb bI`vcvov GjvKvi Avnjnv`xQ RbMY| AvRI Avgiv iY Kie gvIjvbv GbvqZ Avjxi AbZg Ljxdv mcyiv
evsjv`k Avnjnv`xQ hyemsNi 2q RvZxq mjb I ZvejxMx wgquvcvovi ^bvgab bZv Svey mi`vi I Sv mi`vi bvgK cfvekvjx
BRZgvi ghevbi gnvb `vwqZ Kuva wbq ivRkvnx I bI`vcvov `yfvBK| huvì cPvq ivRkvnxZ 36 RvwZi wn`y mevB gymjgvb nq
GjvKvi fvBMY Zuvì cyivbv HwZn eRvq iLQb- GRb ZuvìK hvq Ges ivRkvnx kni Avnjnv`xQ RbMYi msLvMwiZv AwRZ nq|
RvbvB AmsL gyeviKev`| Avjvn cvK hb Avgvì mKji GB LvjQ huvi cy gvIjvbv Mvhx gybxixbi Avgj eZgvb mcyiv miKvix nvDwRs
xbx wL`gZ Keyj Kib Ges BnKvj I ciKvj mevg Rvhv c`vb GUi `Ljxfy 24 weNv Rwgi Dci weivU gvìvmv ebvg gyRvwn`
Kib-Avgxb!! Uwbs I wizwUs mUvi cwZwZ nqwQj| huvì cwZwZ Rvg gmwR`wU
ezMY! Dvabx fvlYi iZ Avwg kvi mv_ iY KiwQ evsjv`k GLb ivRkvnx KvUbgUi Afi cwiZ gmwR` wnmve eZgvb
Aj Avnjnv`xQ Av`vjb Rvqvi mwKvix Lxq Ebwesk kZKi AvQ|2
c_gva nZ kZel evcx cwiPvwjZ wRnv` Av`vjbi gnvb Avgiv iY Kie wgquv bvhxi mvBb `njfxi (1220-1320wnt/1805-
bZe`K| Avwg iY Kwi meZt 1822 mvj ni mdi evsjv`k 1902Lt) KxwZgvb Qv ivRkvnxi Rvwgiv Kì cwZvZv gvIjvbv
Aj c`vcYKvix BwZnvmi Agi bvqK mvBwq` Avng` ejfx (1201- KvivgvZzjvn I Zrcy gvIjvbv gynvv` I Zuvì mg-mvgwqK hgybv cvii
1246wnt/1786-1831Lt) I kvn BmgvCj knx` (1193- gjfx Gjvnx eL&k kixdcyix (Rvgvjcyi), gjfx bgvZzjvn eagvbx
1246wnt/1779-1831Lt)-Gi wbKU _K Av`vjbi `vwqZ jvfKvix (Pvcov, evNgviv, ivRkvnx), gjfx BmnvK `jZcyix (Kzwqv), gjfx
gnvb msMVK PuvcvB beveMi cvKv bvivqYcyii KwZ mvb enigcyi Avmxixb b`xqvfx (gvj`n) cgLy Ijvgvq KivgK, huvì AKv
cwikg Ges `vIqvZ I ZvejxMi dj eni ivRkvnxi wexY GjvKvq
Rji exi Kq`x idx gvjvK I Zuvi cuvPRb gyRvwn` kvMwi`, cy gt
Avnjnv`xQ Av`vjb hvi`vi nq I AMwYZ gvbyl cwe KziAvb I Qnxn
Avgxixb bvivqYcyix, gt Avmxixb bvivqYcyix, gt Avyj Kixg
nv`xQ Abyhvqx Rxeb Movq Dy nb, dvwjjv-wnj nvg&`| GQvovI iY
evmyècyix, gt Avyj Kz~m gvjvUzjx I gt Be&ivnxg gj w`jvjcyix
Kwi evsjvi Mvg-Mi Rvbv-ARvbv AmsL gyRvwn`, Mvhx I knx`vbK,
cgLy Avnjnv`xQ Av`vjbi gnvb c~em~ixìK| Avwg kvi mv_ huvì Rvb I gvji AZzjbxq ZvMi djB G`k cwZwZ nqQ
iY Kwi wRnv` Av`vjbi wZxq cei exi mbvcwZ cvUbvi gvIjvbv wbfRvj Bmjvgi G gnvb Av`vjb|
GbvqZ AvjxK (1207-1274wnt/1792-1858Lt), whwb `yevi cvq
AZtci Avgiv kv wbe`b Kie Avnjnv`xQ hyemsNi GKKvji
GKhyM ai evsjv`ki mvZxiv, hkvi, Lyjbv Ges wexY ei` Aj
ZiY Qv Kgx XvKvi mvv`yj Kixg I UvsMvBji Aveyj Kvmg-Gi
I cwg ei 24 ciMbv I gvj`n Aj evcK `vIqvZ I wRnvì cwZ| 1980 mvji Ryb gvm Keic~Rvi wei hyemsNi wgwQj wbq
cPvi Pvwjq wkiK I weÀvZ AaywlZ A GjvKvmg~n n`vqvZi hvIqvi mgq Kei c~Rvixì nvgjvq XvKvi ivRc_ hvì c_g i
Avjv Rj wQjb| huvi Dim~ix wnmve cieZxKvj Avgxij gyRvwn`xb MwoqwQj| Avgiv kv RvbvB Kzwgjvi Avnjnv`xQ hyemsNi mB ZiY
Avgxi Avyjvn&i (1278-1320wnt/1862-1902Lt) wb`kg Kzwgjvi wZbwU fvBK3, 1989 mvji kl w`K hviv PvKvixì nvgjvq wc
eywoPs Dchjvi cviqviv Mvgi gyRvwn` mvb gvIjvbv AvKivg Avjx
Lvb (1855-1937Lt) eZgvb cvwKvb I AvdMvb mxgv Aji g~j 2. 1992 mvji c_g w`K f djv nqQ| hvi AbwZ`~i gvbbxq jLK-Gi D`vM
gyRvwn` K` Avmgv nZ ivRkvnxi `yqvixZ Gm 1900 Lv Zuvi msMVb KZK 1994 mvj Avjxkvb mcyiv wgquvcvov Avnjnv`xQ Rvg gmwR`
wRnvì AbZg K` Mo Zvjb, hv AvRKi mjb j nZ gv cwZwZ nqQ -cKvkK|
3. dqhyj Bmjvg ( MvqvjRyi, KvbvBNvU, wmjU), ig Avjx (RMrcyi, Kzwgjv), Avyj
wZb gvBj Di-cwg AewZ| Kexi (fliKzU, Kzwgjv)| NUbvj: èxvi Dchjvaxb fliKzU cvBgvix zji
nq| dqhyj bvgi 15 eQii ZiY fvBwUi gjvi w`q Kzjy Kzjy eM Av`vjbi msw BwZe
i cevwnZ nq Ges nvmcvZvj 26 Nv Avb _K mvvr gZyi Kvj ezMY!
_K wdi Avm| Ggwbfve MZ `yeQi Ajm gw bZvì viv
AcgvwbZ I wewfbgLy x wbhvZbi wkKvi nqQb ev AvRI nQb, A_P wn`yvb Bmjvgi c_g AvMgb NUQ cavbZt `yfve| GK- Avie
Amxg ahi mv_ Avnjnv`xQ Av`vjb Pvwjq hvQb, Avnjnv`xQ ewYK I Ijvgvq xbi `vIqvZi gvag Ges `yB- Qvnvevq Kivg I
hyemsNi mB mKj Kgx I Dc`v fvBì cwZ iBj Avgvì AKz ZveCb Ghvgi bZZ mk wRnvì gvag|
kv I AKwg `vAv| wekl Ki mveK K`xq Dc`v I AvRKi f~gamvMi nZ Avie mvMi nq evcmvMii eyK wPi Av`vgvb xccy
cavb AwZw_ fvB Avyj gZxb mvjvdxi K_v ejZ Avgvì K i nq AwZg Ki Avie ewYKMY my`~i Pxb`k evwYR KiZb| Bmjvg
Avm, huvK GB me Z_vKw_Z bZvì loh gv wZb Nvi miKvix MnYi ci mec_ g Zvì gvag GB `xN mgy` c_i Kzj Kzj AewZ
bvwUk evsjv`k QvoZ eva Kiv nq|4 Avjvn cvK hb Avgvì mKj evwYR K` mg~n Bmjvgi cPvi I cmvi NU| Zvì AbK Gme
cKvi ZvM I Kzievbxi Dg Rvhv BnKvj I ciKvj `vb Kib-Avgxb! vb weevn eb Ave nb Ges KD KD vqx emwZ vcb Ki Rxeb
AwZevwnZ Kib| B`vbwkqvi gkjvK` gvjvv, mygvv, Rvfv cfwZ
cwikl Avgiv abev` RvbvwQ `ki wewfb cv nZ AvMZ
Aj Avie ewYKì hvZvqvZ wQj Lye ekx| ejv Pj gvjvv K`
Avnjnv`xQ hyemsN I Avnjnv`xQ gwnjv msvi Av`vjb cvMj fvB-
_KB Bmjvg Avie ewYKì gvag mg `wY-c~e Gwkqvq Qwoq
evb I Zvì fvKvsLx gyie&weqvb I Abvb myax gjxK Ges kq
co| A Aji eiv Bmjvgi m`h gy nq `j `j gymjgvb
Ijvgvq KivgK, huvì ^Zt~Z AvMgb ivRkvnx gnvbMixi Rbc`
nq hvq| dj Kvbic mvgwiK Awfhvb QvovB B`vbwkqv, gvjqwkqv
AvjvwoZ I Avgvw`Z nqQ Ges evsjv`k Avnjnv`xQ Av`vjb I wdwjcvBbi wg`vbuvI cfwZ GjvKvq Bmjvg weRq jvf Ki| eZgvb
bZzb Rvqvii f m~Pbv NUQ| B`vbwkqv cw_exi meenr gymwjg iv| G Aji gymjgvbMY kvdC
n Avjvn! Avgvì cZK fvB I evbi wbt^v_ xbx wL`gZ hv ej LvZ| Ze ZvìK Avnjnv`xQ ejvB kq| GKB hvvc_ Avie
Kejgv Zvgvi mwi Rb wbew`Z nqQ, Zywg Zv Keyj Ki Ges ewYKMY gvS-ga PMvg eìI AvmZb| hv ZLbKvi w`b Zgb
BnKvj I ciKvj Rvhvq Lvqi AvZv Ki- Avgxb! Bqv ievj Kvb iZcY~ eì wQj bv| RvnvR Wywei KviY ev Abvb KviY Zviv
Avjvgxb!! PMvg GjvKvq wbRì gaKvi wbevwPZ myjZvbi viv ^kvwmZ wKQy
GjvKvI mw KiwQjb| GLbI PMvg Aji e jvKi Pnvivi m
myL, 1989 mvji kl w`K| Giv ZLb RMrcyi gvìvmvi Qv I hyemsNi Kgx Avieì Pnvivi AbK mv`k cwijwZ nq| H GjvKvi jvKì
wQj| D vb Zviv gvIjvbv Avey Zvni eagvbxi Rvjmvq Iqvh kybZ GmwQj| fvlvq Aviex dvmx ki AvwaK, Avjg-Ijvgvi msLvwaK, bvixì
4. Avyj gZxb mvjvdx (1954-2010 Lt) mE`x miKvii Aaxb PvKzixiZ gveEQ wnmve Kov c`vc_v BZvw` Zvì cvPxb Avie ii wQUduvUv ^fve wnmve
1jv Rvbyqvix 1980 nZ 2iv RyjvB 1989 ch 9 eQi 7 gvm 2 w`b evsjv`k ai bIqv hvq| gyvìvK nvKg nv`xQ Mi5 eYbvgZ wnì
KgiZ wQjb| GB mgq wZwb evsjv`k RgCqZ Avnjnv`xm-Gi K`xq IqvwKs
KwgwUi m`m Ges evsjv`k Avnjnv`xQ hyemsNi K`xq Dc`v cwilì m`m
(evsjvi) kvmK ivn&gx eski RbK ivRv Avie`k klbexi AvMgbi
wQjb| Zuvi Rbvb fviZi cwg ei cwg w`bvRcyi hjvi KiY`xwN _vbvi A msev` Lykx nq Avie ewYKì gvag ivm~jyjvn (Qvt)-Gi ìevi GK
MZ fyjK& x Mvg| evsjv`k _K wdi wMq wenvii wKlvYM knii DcK LvMov Kjm Av`v () DcXKb wnmve cvwVqwQjb| Avjvn&i ivm~j (Qvt)
GjvKvq Qj I gqì Rb wekvj `ywU wkv cwZvb Mo Zvjb Ges mgvR
KjvY evcK Ae`vb ivLb| 2010 mvji 16B Rvbyqvix kwbevi wKlvYM Lykx nq Zv wbR LqwQjb Ges Qvnvevq Kivgi ga UzKiv UzKiv
wbRevoxZ wZwb 56 eQi eqm BKvj Kib Ges wbR Mvg fyjKxZ mgvwnZ nb|
=`t gvwmK AvZ-ZvnixK, ivRkvnx 13/5 msLv, deqvix10| 5. gyvìvK nvKg 4/135 ct; Avj-BK`Qy Qvgxb ct 24; w_wmm ct 425 UxKv-2|
Ki eb KiwQjb| AbK wevb eZgvb KevRvi Rjvi ivgy wechqi KviY :
DchjvK cvPxb ivn&gx ivRvì wZevnx GjvKv ej mvebv e Ki 602 wnRix gvZveK 1206 Lv AvdMvb weRZv wknveyxb gynvv`
_vKb| Nvix (1186-1206 Lt) KZK w`jx Rq I GKB mgq Zuvi ZyKx Mvjvg
cvwKvbi wmz c`ki ivRavbx KivPxK hgb Avgiv Dcgnv`kxq I mbvcwZ BLwZqvixb gynvv` web eLwZqvi wLjRx KZK evsjv Rqi
wePvi eveyj Bmjvg ev Bmjvgi vi ewj| hgbfve gv _K dj Di I c~e fviZi wekvj GjvKvq gymjgvbì mvgwiK I
gynvwQMYi AvMgb I AeZiYj wnmve `wY fviZi RivUK eve ivRbwZK weRqvwfhvb i nq| eLwZqvi wLjRxmn Dcgnv`k h mKj
gv ev gvi vi ejv nq, Zgwbfve Avgiv evcmvMi ZxieZx PMvg weRZv mvgwiK bZvi AvMgb NU, Zvuì ga AvjMxb, meyMxb,
eìK evsjv`ki Rb eveyj Bmjvg ev Bmjvgi vi ejZ cvwi| KzZzeyxb AvBeK, BjZzZ&wgk cgLy mKjB wQjb bI gymwjg Abvie
ezMY! ZzKx Mvjvg I gvhnvei w`K w`q nvbvdx| cieZxZ bI gymwjg
gvMj kvmKivI wQjb ZzKxìB GKwU kvLv| Guiv weRZv njI
Avie ewYKì gvag I Zuvì mv_ wewfb mgq AvMZ Ijvgvq xbi Bmjvgi cKZ bgybv wQjb bv| Zuvì kvmb eevI Bmjvgx wQj bv|
gvag evsjv`k c_g h Bmjvg cPvwiZ nqwQj Zv wQj Awewgk I Zuvì m Avmv fvMv^lx cxi-dKxiì ZvMx Pwi I Awfbe cPvi
wbfRvj Bmjvg| mLvb Kvb wki&K I weÀvZ wQj bv, wQj bv evwZj Kkj G`ki ejvK gymjgvb nq hvq| wK Gme weRZvì Ges
ivq I wKqvmi QovQwo, wQj bv Kvbic gvhnvex `jv`wj, wQj bv Kvb Zuvì AbymiYxq Q~dx I ìekì gvag h Bmjvg G `k cPvwiZ
ZixKv I cxi gyix`xi fvMvfvwM| cwZwU agxq evcviB Zuviv mivmwi nq, Zv wQj g~j Aviexq Bmjvg nZ AbK `~i| GLvb ivq I wKqvmi
nv`xQ _K mgvavb Zvjvk Kivi Pv KiZb| hvi cfve Avgiv AvRI evovevwo wQj, wQj cxic~Rv, Keic~Rv mn bvbvwea wkiK I weÀvZi
fyjZ cvwiwb| GLbI Kvb ei mvb bv cj Avgiv ewj wRwbmwUi QovQwo| Avjgì cPvwiZ weÀvZ nvmvbvn&i myhvM GLvb Abycek
nw`m cvIqv Mj bv| meZt cwZekx B`vbwkqv I gvjqwkqvi NU cwZekx wn`y I e mswZi e wKQy Abyvb Bmjvgi jevm
eì `j `j Bmjvg MnYi cfve A_ev vbxq wn`y evYì cwiavb Ki| dj eLwZqvi wLjRxi mvgwiK weRqi cvq cb 600
wbzi AZvPvi AwZ nq Ges cvkvcvwk Bmjvgi weij mvgi evYx I eQi c~e _K evsjv`ki gymjgvb h g~j I Awewgk Aviexq Bmjvg
gymjgvbì Pwi gvayh gy nq evsjv`ki msLvMwi e RbmvaviY Af wQj, Zv _K Zviv gB `~i mi hZ _vK Ges Q~dxì I
`j `j Bmjvg MnY KiZ _vKb| dj BLwZqvixb gynvv` web kvmKì Pvjy Kiv weKZ BmjvgK h_v_ Bmjvg fveZ i Ki| hwÌ
eLwZqvi wLjRx KZK 602 wnRix gvZveK 1206 Lv AZvPvix ewZg m hyMI wQj, G hyMI AvQ|
evY ivRv jY mbi KvQ _K ivRbwZK gZv wQwbq bIqvi `wY fviZxq DcKj I B`vbwkqv xccy Bmjvgi weKwZ Kg wQj|
mgq evsjv`k AMwYZ gymjgvbì emevm wQj, wQj Bmjvgi c cvi w`jx nZ evsjv ch wekvj Di I c~efviZxq GjvKvq
evcK MY mg_b| cavbZt ZyKx, AvdMvb I gvMj kvmbi ccvlKZv I Zvì Avgj
gvhnvex Avjgì `ytLRbK Aby`viZv, Bmjvgx wkv wmjevm
GB mvgwiK I ivRbwZK weRqi dj GZ`j gymwjg RbmsLv ew
KziAvbi Zvdmxi I Bjg nv`xQi e`j gvhnvex wdKn, gvbZK-
cvK ev bv cvK Zvì AvKx`v I Avgj NUZ i Kij GK evcK I
dvjmvdv, Bjg Kvjvg Z_v ZKkv I gvK~jvZi KZvemg~n
my`~i cmvix wechq, hv B`vbwkqvZ NUwb, NUwb AmsL gynvwQi
wmjevmfy KiY, miKvix PvKzixZ nvbvdx wdKn `Zv ARbi
AvMgb ab RivU, gvjvevi Z_v `wY fviZi gymjgvbì AvKx`v I kZvivc I Avnjnv`xQ Avjgì msLvZvi KviY KziAvb I nv`xQi
Avgj| Avgiv GY m welq wKQyUv AvjvKcvZ Kie| wbfRvj Bmjvg kvwK A_B mvaviY RbMYi bvMvji evBi _K hvq
ejv Pj| v`k kZvx wnRixZ kvn AwjDjvn gynvwQ `njfx (1114- evsjv fvlv I mvwnZi ccvlKZv Kivi mv_ mv_ Bjg KziAvb I
1176 wnt/1703-1762 Lt)-Gi mgqKvj ch KziAvbi ZiRgv bvn Bjg nv`xQi ccvlK wnmve LvwZ jvf Kib| wZwb 907 wnRixi
Kexiv ej MY Kiv nZ| AvR _K cb `yk eQi AvM kvn Avyj 1jv ivgvhvb gvZveK 1502 Lvi gvP gvm gvj`n hjvi Mo I
Avhxh gynvwQ `njfx (1159-1239 wnt/1747-1824 Lt)-Gi cvyqvZ eo aibi `ywU gvìvmv Kvqg Kib Ges wmjevm Bjg
gvìvmvq mB mgq gv `yLvbv eyLvix kixd wQj| hvi wQbc mg~n nv`xQK AekcvV Ki `b| ivRavbx GKWvjvi (eZgvb fviZi
cvV`vbi mgq Qvì wbKU mieivn Kiv Kiv nZ| AZtci cvV`vb cwg w`bvRcyi Aj) Rb eyLvix wZb L msKjb Kib| wewfb `k
kl Rgv bIqv nZ| w`jxi h gvìvmv inxwgqvn wQj ZrKvjxb _K gynvwQMYK wZwb ivRavbx GKWvjvZ mgeZ Kib| Bjg
fviZi k Bmjvgx wkvK`, Zvi Aev hw` GB nq, Zvnj fviZi nv`xQi cwZ GB ccvlKZvi Rb ZuvK mgmvgwqK `wY fviZi
Abvb GjvKvi Aev Kgb wQj Zv mnRB Abygq| fviZi RivU ivRi gyhvddikvnx mvjZvbvZi (863-980wnt/1458-
gymjgvbiv wK KviY nv`xQi Bjg _K `~i wQj, wbgi mgqwP viv 1572Lt) m Zzjbv Kiv nq|
wKQyUv Abyaveb Kiv hve|
hvB nvK gynvwQ kvidzxb Avey ZvIqvgv I Zuvi cieZx nv`xQ wccvmy
Qv I kvmKì cPvq evsjv`ki gvbyl cybivq Zvì nvivbv HwZn
nv`xQi wKZvemg~ni AvMgb : Z_v nv`xQ Abyhvqx Avgji Rvhev wdi cvq| GRbB h_v_fve ejv Pj
1. nv`xQi wKZve mg~ni ga fviZ mec_ g h wKZvei AvMgb NU, h, Di I c~efviZxq Dcgnv`k Qnxnvqbi c_g wkv`vZv wnmve
Zvi bvg gvkviKzj Avb&Iqvi| Bgvg ivwhDxb nvmvb web gynvv` evsjv`k mwZB GKwU Mieab `k| dvwjjv-wnj nvg&`|
QvMvbx jvnvix (577-650 wnt/1181-1252 Lt) KZK Qnxn eyLvix I 3. gvQvexn : Bgvg gywnDm mybvn Avey gynvv` mvqb web gvmE` Avj-
gymwjg nZ PqbKZ 2253 wU KIjx nv`xQi GB iZcY~ msKjbwU evMvfx (gt 516wnt) msKwjZ gvQvexm mybvn 8g kZvx wnRixi
mg kZvx wnRixi gaeZx mgq w`jxZ Avm| wbhvgyxb AvDwjqv gafvM wn`yvb Avm|
(634-725wnt/1236-1325Lt) GB msKjbwU gyL Kib| Ag kZvx
4. wgkKvZ : Agwbfve Bgvg gynvv` web Avyjvn Avj-LZxe Zveihx
wnRixZ gynvv` ZzMjKi mgq (725-752wnt/1235-1352Lt) w`jxZ
(gt 739wnt) mvw`Z wgkKvZzj gvQvexn 9g kZvx wnRixi c_g w`K
GB msKjbwUi gv GKwU Kwc gIRy` wQj|
Rbcyi KzZzeLvbvq Avm|
2. Qnxn eyLvix I gymwjg : mg kZvx wnRixi kl w`K mec_ g 5. mybvb AvievAvn : bvmvC, Avey`vE`, wZiwghx, Beby gvRvn Ges
Avjvgv kvidzxb Avey ZvIqvgv eyLvix (gt 700/1300Lt) KZK mybvb evqnvKx, gyvìvK nvKg cfwZ nv`xQ M 9g kZvx wnRixZ
evsjv`ki ZrKvjxb ivRavbx mvbviMuvq Avbv nq| wZwbB mec_ g wenvii LvZbvgv gbxlx mvbviMuvI wekwe`vjqi KwZ Qv I kvidzxb
Di-c~e fviZxq Aj eyLvix I gymwjgi ìm `b Ges `xN 22 eQi Avey ZvIqvgvi RvgvZv Avjvgv kvidzxb Avngv` web Bqvn&Bqv gybxix
hveZ mvbviMuvI wekwe`vjq Kv-jvjv I Kv-jvi ivm~ji Awgq myav (661-782wnt/1260-1381Lt) nRvh _K Avwbq bb|
cvb Kwiq evsjv, wenvi I Avkcvki AMwYZ vbwccvmy gvbylK cwe
Dciv AvjvPbvq eySv Mj h, 7g kZvx nZ 9g kZvx wnRix
KziAvb I Qnxn nv`xQ Abyhvqx Rxeb Movq Dy Kib| Zuvi gZzi ci
mgqKvji gaB Di I c~efviZ mec_ g cPwjZ nv`xQ M mg~ni
evi fu~Bqvì ivRZKvj(900-945/1492-1538Lt) ch cvq AvovBkZ
AvMgb NU| wK Qvcvi eev bv _vKvq, miKvix PvKzixZ Gmei Kvb
ermi mvbviMuvI Bjg nv`xQi gviKvh ev K` wnmve cwm wQj| GB
cqvRb bv nIqvq, wkvi wmjevm Zvdmxi I nv`xQ bv _vKvq Ges
mgq evsjvi myjZvb AvjvDxb mvBb kvn (900-924/1493-1518Lt)
Avnjnv`xQ Avjgì msLvZv I mevcwi ivRbwZK Aby`viZvi
KviY GZ`ji gymjgvbMY KziAvb I nv`xQi g~j Bmjvg nZ AbK Kib| kvqL wbhvgyxb AvDwjqv I kvn AwjDjvn&i wei ivq I
`~i Pj hvq| Gme Mvejxi `yGKwU nwjwLZ Kwc wekl wekl gvhnvecx Avjgì h `ytmvnm Avgiv `LwQ, Zv Kej m hyMi
Avnjnv`xQ Avjgì wbKUB gv cvIqv hZ, hv wQj mvaviYi RbB mxgve bq, AvRI huviv evsjv`k mn wewfb `k KziAvb I Qnxn
bvMvji evBi| dj ccyjvi (Popular) I iIqvRx BmjvgKB gvbyl nv`xQi wfwZ Bmjvgx AvBb I kvmb eev Kvqgi cPvq iZ
cKZ Bmjvg fveZ Af nq co Ges Gi weivax wKQy `LjB Zvi AvQb, Zuvì wei Bmjvgi bvg GB `y cKwZi Avjgiv I Zvì
wei Ln nq DVZ _vK| hgb weLvZ mvaK I gvkviKzj Afiv mePq eo evav nq AvQ|
AvbIqvi nv`xQ Mi nvdh kvqL wbhvgyxb AvDwjqv (634-
725wnt/1236-1325Lt) hLb myjZvb wMqvQyxb ZzMjKi mgq (1320-
1325Lt) w`jxi miv Avjgì m GKwU gvmAvjvq nv`xQ viv
wZbwU hyM
RIqve w`Z _vKb, ZLb Zviv cwivi ej `b h, Dcgvnv`k Avnjnv`xQ Av`vjbK Avgiv wZbwU cavb hyM wef
KiZ cvwi: cv_wgK hyM (23-375wnt), Aeq hyM (375-1114wnt) I

AvaywbK hyM (1114wnt _K eZgvb hyM ch)|
%&* ) (' +
$
1. cv_wgK ev ^YhMy : hv 23 wnRix _K 375 wnRix (643-985Lt)
fviZxq Bmjvgx AvBbkv nv`xQi PvBZ wdKni iZ AwaK| ch ev| GB hyM DgvBqv LjvdZi kl (132wnt/750Lt) ch
AZGe Avcwb nv`xQ ev` w`q Avey nvbxdvi ivq ck Kib| ZrKvjxb wewfb mgq 18 ev 25 Rb Qvnvexmn 245 Rb ZveC I Zve ZveC
fviZeli miv dKxnì GB AvPiY `L kvqL wbhvgyxb AvDwjqv GB wn`yvb AvMgb Kib| mekl Qvnvex wmbvb web mvjvgvn Avj-hvjx
ej `ytL Ki ìevi _K ewiq Gjb h, 48 nZ 53 wnRix ch `vgi DgvBqv Ljxdvi c nZ wmzi
)8 . 6 5
.1 2 4/- ./ - MfYi wQjb| wZwb ejywPvb kvnv`vZ eiY Kib| nvdh Beby KvQxi
1& 8( (701-774wnt) ejb,
H `ki gymjgvb KZY wUK _vKZ cvi, h `k GKRb ewi 10 2345$ * 10 "! # %
$ &' ( ) * + , # $-$ . &/
ivqK nv`xQi Dci AMvwaKvi Ìqv nq _vK? AvjvDxb wLjRxi
mgq (695-715wnt/1296-1316Lt) LvZbvgv wgmix gynvwQ kvgmyxb C A$ =B +
0 $ '
$ = .> 3 ? .> / @ , +$ /9 ;
: - < 65 &7 8 /
ZzK nv`xQi wKZve mg~n wbq fviZi Dk iIqvbv Kib| wK DgvBqv hyM cZK wRnv`x Kvdjvi mv_ bKKvi I mvay ewMY Ges
gyjZvb Gm RvbZ cvib h, AvjvDxb wLjRx QvjvZ Af bb Ges DuPzìi ZveC wevbMYi GKwU weivU `j _vKZb, huvì gvag
Zuvi kvmbvaxb fviZxq Bmjvgx wkvi wmjevm Bjg nv`xQK ev` Avjvn cvK Zuvi xbK mvnvh KiQb|6 Zuvì `vIqvZ I ZvejxM
w`q md nvbvdx wdKn Pvjy ivLv nqQ| wZwb `ytL Ki AvjvDxb wmz GjvKvq gymwjg RbmsLv GZ ew cqwQj h, 93 wnRix gvZveK
wLjRxK GKwU wPwV cvwVq gyjZvb _K wgmi wdi Mjb| H mgq 712 Lv gynvv` web Kvwmg hLb wmz Rq Avmb, ZLb Kejgv
fviZi 46 Rb miv Avjgi ga kvgmyxb Bqvn&Bqv (gt gyjZvbi gymjgvbì wbivcvi Rb ZuvK mLvb 50,000 Akvivnx
747wnt/1346Lt) bvgK gv GKRb Avjgi ga Bjg nv`xQi cwZ mb gvZvqb KiZ nq| Rihvjgi weLvZ gymwjg f~-chUK
wKQyUv AvMn wQj| kvn AwjDjvn `njfx (1114-1176wnt/1703- kvgmyxb gynvv` web Avngv` ekvix Avj-gvK`mx cw_exi wewfb
1762Lt) hLb KziAvbi c_g dvimx ZiRgv dvri ingvb jLb,
ZLb w`jxi Avjgiv KziAvb weKwZi ayqv Zzj ZuvK nZvi loh 6. Beby KvQxi, Avj-we`vqvn Iqvb wbnvqvn 9/93 ct mgiK` weRq AbyQ`|
gymwjg GjvKv gY kl 375 wnRix gvZveK 985 Lv hLb 2. Aeq hyM : 375 wnRix nZ 1114 wnRix (985-1703Lt) ch
fviZeli ZrKvjxb Bmjvgx ivRavbx eZgvb KivPxi mwbKUeZx wmzi cvq mvqv 7 kZ ermi ch e| GB hyM Bjg nv`xQ I Avnjnv`xQ
gvbQ~ivZ Gjb, ZLb mLvbKvi gymjgvbì gvhnve eYbv cm wZwb Av`vjbi Dci bg Avm AZvPvi, wbhvZb I ivRbwZK Aby`viZvi
^xq gYM ejb, GK `xN wefxwlKvc~Y Mvp Agvwbkv| 375 wnRixi ci ciB wmzi
gvbQ~ivi kvmb gZv Avnjnv`xQì wbKU nZ Ki wnsmyK BmgvCjx
CD
: =E 2 F
$ %G
H$ $ I* AvKQvig AvQnv-ey nv`xwQb A_vr Zvì kxAviv wQwbq bq| Zviv gyjZvbi Rvg gmwR` e Ki `q| mg
AwaKvsk Awaevmx njb Avnjnv`xQ|7 ejv AvekK h, gvK`mx wbR mybx agxq cwZvb asm Ki `q| gynvwQMYK wmz _K ei Ki
wQjb nvbvdx| ay wmz ev fviZel bq, H mgq cw_exi Abvb gymwjg `q| Bjg nv`xQ wkvi Rb `ki evBi gv, g`xbv cfwZ vb
GjvKvZI Avnjnv`xQ RbmsLvi AvwaK wQj| hgb BivKi LvZbvgv hvIqv wbwl NvlYv Ki| hwÌ cieZxZ gynvv` Nvix GB GjvKv Rq
HwZnvwmK Avey gvbQ~i Avyj Kvwni evM`v`x (gt 429 wnt) gvK`mxi Kib I Zuvi cwZwbwa bvQxixb KvevPv GB GjvKv kvmb Kib| wK
cvq 50 ermi ci ZrKvjxb Bmjvgx `ywbqvq Avnjnv`xQMYi Aevb Ag kZvx wnRixi gaeZx mgq ch GLvb BmgvCjx mvgvi kxAvì
mK ejb, AvwacZ eRvq wQj|
Abw`K 602 wnRix gvZveK 1206 Lxv AvdMvb bZv gyBh&hyxb
R24 +$ 4S F
#J* F
$ K8 @ L 8$ # )$ M N &O 8$ # )$ M P =( K
* N Q 8$ #)$ M Iid wknveyxb gynvv` Nvixi gvag w`jxZ I eLwZqvi wLjRxi
2)M S T
E U . &V = * 8$ # )$ M W
X . &
Q H / D
=E %
* H Y
H X* / gvag evsjv`k Avnjyi ivq nvbvdx kvmb Kvqg nq| hvì nv`xQ
wel I gvhnve cxwZi K_v Avgiv BwZc~e `L GmwQ| ZLb _KB
Z R4 3 * 8$ # )$ M W
X D
=E %
* F
%G
/ A$ 4H F
) 3 * %
1 8 wmz nZ evsjv ch KLbI ZzKx KLbI Mhbex, KLbI AvdMvb I
2&/_ : V= +$ '
9 \ 7Q ]# -$ $ R + & 1 8 / H 8$ # )$ M /& [ U(& KLbv gvMjì viv Dcgnv`k kvwmZ nq Ges g~j Aviexq Bmjvgx
kvmb _K Dcgnv`k wPiewZ nq| dj GKw`K ivRbwZK
C. ` R F
%G
/ &/_ .> &5 , Aby`viZv, Abw`K ZvKjx`cx Avjgì msKxYZv, RbmvaviYi
ig mxgv, AvjRwiqv, wmwiqv, AvhvievBRvb, eveyj AveIqve ev ga AZv I Avnjnv`xQ Avjgì ^Zvi KviY Avnjnv`xQ Av`vjb
ZzwKvb cfwZ GjvKvi mKj gymwjg Avnjnv`xQ wQjb| Agwbfve fviZel wwgZ nq co| Zey GB meevcx AKvii gaI Avjvn
cvK Zuvi Awewgk xbK wKQy msLK nv`xQcx Avjg I kvmKì
AvwdKv, b I cwg mvMii cvèZx `k mg~ni mgy`q gymwjg
ccvlKZvq euvwPq ivLb|
Avnjnv`xQ wQjb| GKBfve Bw_Iwcqvi DcKjeZx Bqvgb mxgvi
mKj Awaevmx Avnjnv`xQ wQjb| Aek ZzwKvb I Pxb AwfgyLx AKvi Avjv : Aeq hyM cuvPRb Q~dx gynvwQi gvag Dcgnv`k
bnicvi GjvKvi gymjgvbiv `y`j wef wQj| GK`j kvdC I GK`j Avnjnv`xQ Av`vjbi cvuPwU cavb K` cwiPvwjZ nq| (1) kvqL
nvbvdx|8 jYxq h, gvK`mxi bvq Avyj Kvwni evM`v`xI GLvb wbhvgyxb AvDwjqv gynv` web Avngv` web Avjx (634-725wnt/1236-
1325Lt) w`jxZ (2) mvBwq` evnvDxb hvKvwiqv (578-666 wnt/1180-
nvbvdx I kvdCì _K c_Kfve Avnjnv`xQ-Gi eYbv w`qQb|
1267 Lt) gyjZvb (3) Avgxi Kexi mvBwq` Avjx Beby wknve nvgv`vbx
(714-786wnt/1314-1385Lt) Kvkxi (4) gynvwQ kvidzxb Avey
7. AvnmvbyZ ZvKvmxg 481 ct| ZvIqvgv eyLvix (gt 700 wnt/1300 Lt) evsjv`ki mvbviMuvq Ges (5)
8. wKZvey DQ~wjxb 1/317 ct| Zuvi KxwZgvb Qv I RvgvZv gvL`~gyj gyj&K kvidzxb Avngv` web
Bqvn&Bqv gybxix (661-782 wnt/1263-1381 Lt) wenvi gybxi bvgK 3. AvaywbK hyM : 1114 wnRix nZ eZgvb mgq Kvj ch| DcivjwLZ
vb| Aek kvqL Avngv` mviwn`x gyRvw` Avjd Qvbx (971-1034 gynvwQ I kvmKì D`vi ccvlKZvi dj Aeq hyM Dcgnv`k
wnt/1564-1624 Lt)-KI Avgiv G KvZvi kvwgj KiZ cvwi| Avnjnv`xQ Av`vjbi `xcwkLv wbey wbey Ki njI RjwQj| Aekl
GQvovI `vwYvZ, RivU, gvjIqv, Lv`k, wmz, jvnvi, Suvwm, Kvj&cx, v`k kZvx wnRixZ Gm Avjvn cvKi LvQ gnievYxZ dvZvIqv
AvjgMxixi AbZg msKjK w`jxi weLvZ gvìvmv inxwgqvi cwZvZv
AvMv, jv, Rbcyi cfwZ vb Bjg nv`xQi K` wQj|
Avjvgv Avyi inxgi Jim RbMnY Kijb Dcgnv`k Avnjnv`xQ
Aeq hyM h mKj gnvb kvmK Bjg nv`xQi ccvlKZv KiwQjb, Av`vjb bxie wece mwKvix wekweLvZ Avjg vZyjvwnj evwjMvn&i
Zuviv njb, (1) myjZvb gvng~` Mhbex (gt 421wnt/1030Lt), whwb Agi jLK kvn AwjDjvn gynvwQ `njfx (1114-1176wnt/1703-
nvbvdx gvhnve ZvM Ki Avnjnv`xQ nb Ges 392 wnRixZ jvnvi 1762Lt)| Zuvi kvwYZ hyw I yiavi jLbx RbMYi ga wbicfve
Rq Ki Mhbex kvmb Kvqg Kib| AZtci 443 wnRixZ kxAvì Qnxn nv`xQ AbymiYi AbyciYv mw Ki| Zuvi ci Z`xq ^bvgab Pvi
nvZ Mhbex kvmbi Aemvb NU| (2) `vwYvZi evngbx kvmK myjZvb cy kvn Avyj Avhxh, kvn Avyj Kvì, kvn Avyj MYx I kvn
gvng~` kvn (780-799wnt/1378-1397Lt), myjZvb dxivh kvn, myjZvb idxDxbi wkvY I Zuvì ci AwjDjvn cwievii MieiZ
Avngv` kvn whwb Awjq evngbx bvg LvZ wQjb cgLy nv`xQf gyRvwn` wgjvZ kvn BmgvCj web kvn Avyj MYx (1193-
kvmKì hyM Pj 886 wnRix gvZveK 1481 Lv ch 103 ermi 1246wnt/1779-1831Lt) cwiPvwjZ wRnv` Av`vjbi gvag mviv
fviZel GKwU mvgvwRK wecei m~cvZ NU, hv Dcgnv`ki wewfb
evcx| AZtci (3) cvkeZx RivUi gyhvddikvnx myjZvbMY Bjg
cv eZgvb emevm iZ cvq 5 KvwU Avnjnv`xQ RbMY mB Av`wkK
nv`xQi ccvlKZvq LvwZ jvf Kib| hwÌ gvMj ev`kvn gvq~b
RvqviiB dmj ejv Pj| G Rvqvi KLbI KLbI fvUv AvmjI mvZ
(941-42/1534-35Lt) 13 gvm evcx RivU Aeiva Ki ivLvi dj KLbI _g hvqwb| AvRI e fvMevb ew ZvKjxì gvqveb wQb
Kvb&hyj Dvji ^bvgab msKjK gynvwQ Avjx gyvKx Rbcyix (gt Ki cwe KziAvb I Qnxn nv`xQ Abyhvqx Rxeb Movi kc_ wbq
975wnt/1567Lt) I gynvwQ Avyjvn wmx (gt 993wnt/1585Lt)-Gi Avnjnv`xQ nQb, dvwjjv-wnj nvg&`| h Avnjnv`xQì i-gvsm,
bvq LvZbvgv gynvwQMY RivU Qo nRvh Pj hZ eva nb| hvB Aw I gvq evjvKvU, euvki wKjv, cvZvi, wmvbv, gyj&Kv, Av^jv,
nvK gyhvddikvnx mvjZvbvZi cwZvZv myjZvb gvng~` eMinv (863- Avmgv, PvgviKv` I Av`vgvbi iv wZ mg~n, Rj-hyjyg, duvwm,
917/1458-1511Lt) I Zvui cieZx myjZvbì D`vi ccvlKZvi mw evhqvd&Z, hvexeb Kviv`, xcvi I Kvjvcvwbi AeYbxq
KviY Avie `k nZ e gynvwQ RivU AvMgb Kib| dj 980 wbhvZb, Mvhx I knx`x ii Agwjb Qvc mg~n AvRI fvî nq AvQ|
wnRix gvZveK 1572 Lv ch 114 ermi evcx mLvb Avnjnv`xQ
Av`vjb hvi`vi _vK| GB mgq RivUK eve gv ev gvi vi wbKU AZxZi KqKRb iYxq gyRvwn`
ejv nZ| (4) `wY fviZi evngbx I gyhvddikvnx hyMi mgmvgwqK (1) mxgvi Avmgv Kì Uwbscv gyRvwn` cvebv ngvqZcyii
evsjv`kI Avjvn cvK Zuvi GK kvmK ev`vK Bjg nv`xQi ccvlK Mvhx gvIjvbv Avyj Iqvn` mvjvdx, whwb ivnvZzjvn Qbvg D K`
wnmve Keyj Kib| wZwb njb evsjvi myjZvb AvjvDxb mvqb kvn Aevb KiZb| MZ 1972 mvji 6B Rvbyqvix cvebvq wbR evoxZ
web mvBwq` Avkivd gvx (900-924wnt/1493-1518Lt), huvi mK gZzeiY Kib| (2) gvj`ni Kvievbvi Mvhx gvIjvbv Avyj Iqvn&nve
mvjvdx Iid g~mv Kgvvi MZ 1989 mvj VvKziMuvI hjvi
BwZc~e Avgiv AvjvKcvZ Ki GmwQ|
ivYxksKji w`nvU Mvg gZzeiY Kib| whwb Avgxi ingvZzjvn&i
(1921-1949Lt) wb`kg BsiR eojvUK nZvi cwiKbv wbq gyRvwn`K webvkZ gyw `b| h Mvhx gvIjvbv gyRvwn` njb ivRkvnx
Avmgv K` nZ w`jx hvIqvi c_ cvvei ivRavbx AgZmi cuQ bInvUvi Rbve gKeyj Pqvigvbi Avcb wcZvgn (`v`v)|
hLb bjb h, GLvbKvi ^Ygwìi cyivwnZ wkLi Cki wms cwe (3) Avmgv Kì eox RvgvAvZi whv`vi Kgvvi ivRkvnx
KziAvbi Dci cv iL eZv Ki, ZLb wZwb I Zuvi PviRb mv_x evMgvivi Mvhx gvIjvbv Avbvqvixb whwb Avyj nvB Qbvg K`
hkvii Mvhx Avyi ikx`, XvKvi Mvhx Avjxgyxb I Aci `yRb AevsMvjx _vKZb I cieZxZ Avyj nvB Avbvqvix bvg wbR`k cwiwPZ nb,
gyRvwn` mec_ g GB kqZvbUvK LZg Kivi wmv bb Ges cwiKbv wZwb Zv gv MZ 1990 mvji 23k wWmî ZvwiL wbR Mvg kiKvj
gvZveK Mvhx gvIjvbv Avyj Iqvn&nve wbRB Qek wMq Cki kl wbtkvm ZvM Kijb| (Bbv wjjv-wn Iqv Bbv BjvBn iv-REb)|
wmsqi gv_v KU Avbb ej kwZ AvQ| wbRi Rxebi GB mvbvjx (4) ivRkvnx KvKbnvUi wbKUeZx cuvPMvwQqvi Mvhx Avyj Rvevi, whwb
wZ ivgbi mgq Mvhx Qvne bvwK cvqB ejZb, Avgvi Avgjbvgvq wbRi I Abi Ìqv Puv`v mn gvU 60,000/= UvKv wbq wRnvì
wKQyB bB Cki wmsqi Lyb Qvov| Dk mxgv cvwo w`qwQjb, Avi `k dibwb| Avmgv K`B
AgZmi nZ w`jx Avmvi ci Zuviv bjb ivm~jyjvn (Qvt)-K we`cKvix wZwb gZy eiY Kib| (5) ivRkvnxi evMgvivi Zvnixb Mvhx, whwb
isMxjv im~j eBqi gbvg jLK-Gi cavb ccvlK ^vgx kvb` Avgxi bgvZzjvn knx` nIqvi ci Zuvi cy eiKZzjvnK Avmgv K`
(1855-1926Lt) w`jx AvmQb| Avevi cwZv wbjb hkvii Mvhx bvevjK Aevq `Lvbv KiZb| (6) ivRkvnx Mv`vMvoxi LvwRivMvwZ
Avyi ikx`| `y`v mvnm wbq GKvB kvbì K XyK mLvbB ZvK Mvgi Mvhx gvIjvbv Avym mvenvb mcwievi wRnv` Pj wMqwQjb
kl Ki w`q Lykx gb ivvq ewiq Gjb| kvbì Avi`vjx ZvK Ges `xN bq ermi Avmgv K` Aevb Ki `k wdi Gm gviv
cywjk awiq `q| w`jxi gymjgvbiv BsiR gvwRUi KvQ wMq hvb| (7) eov mv`vevox Kì knx` dKxi gvng~`-Gi bvg AbKB
ejjb Avgiv Avyi ikx`K Zvi Ihb mvbv w`q Lwi` Ki wbe, IK Rvbb| mv`vevox gvìvmvi cvk AewZ gyRvwn` Keivb AvRI
gyw w`b| gvwRU ejjb, IK ay GUzKy ejZ ejyb h, gvii K_v Zuvì weMZ ZvM I KzievYxi K_v iY Kwiq `q, hLvb bqRb
Avgvi gb bB| wK bv, RvbvZ cvMj Avyi ikx` _nxb fvlvq ej gyRvwnì Kei iqQ| (8) eovi KuvUvevwoqvi ejvj Mvhx wQjb ^qs
w`jb, Avmgv gyRvwn` K` Avgxi bgvZzjvn&i (1915-1921Lt) `nix|
& A&
)= >= /4; 8 whwb gv wKQyw`b c~e gviv Mjb|9 (9) mvZxivi ^bvgab Mvhx
H 6 E F
4B D8 gvL`~g nvmvBb Iid gvyg nvmb eeZ 1200 Mvg Ihbi Zvgvi
-I> e`bv GLbv wRnvì wZ wbq Avgvì mvgb gIRy` AvQ| ewUk
digvbi gvag evcKfve Iqvn&nvex aicvKoi wnwoKi gaI Mvhx
Avgvi Avgjbvgvq Kvb bKx bB Kejgv ivm~jK we`cKvix GB gvL`~g nvmvqb `yevi mvnm wbq wkqvjKvUi GK gmwR` ivdDj
`ykgbUvi Lyb Qvov| Avwg GB LybK KLbv A^xKvi KiZ cvwi bv| Bqv`vqb Ki QvjvZ Av`vq KiwQjb| dj mv_ mv_B wZwb MdZvi
myen& v-bvjvn...| duvwm nq hvIqvi mv_ mv_ `yRb AevsMvjx gyRvwn` nq hvb| DjL h, mhyyM QvjvZ ivdDj Bqv`vqb wQj Iqvn&nex
cywjki KvQ _K Zuvi jvk wQwbq Gb Qì evhvii gymjgvbì aivi Rb GKwU DrK cgvY| AZtci h_vixwZ wePvi Zuvi duvwm nq|
mnvqZvq w`jxi kvnx Mvivb `vdb Kib| gyRvwn`ì GB geagvb wK AjwKKfve duvwmi `wo wZb wZbevi wQo Mj BsiR gvwRU
ZrciZvq eva nq BsiR miKvi Avgxi ingvZzjvn&i m mw Kib I fq cq ZuvK Qo `b| Mvhx gvL`~g nvmvqb Zuvi GKgv m^j
Zuvì wbKU wRnv` dvi `k nvhvi UvKv mn e`x cvebvi Mvhx Aveyj
Kvmg Iid Kvmg I bxjdvgvix RjXvKvi KPzqv Mvgi Mvhx gvIjvbv
9. meZt 1981 mvj wbR Mvg BKvj Kib|
Zvgvi e`bvwU wbq wbt^ Aevq NyiZ NyiZ GKmgq wbR Mvg (15) PuvcvB beveMi bvivqYcyii KxwZgvb mvb meZt gvIjvbv
mvZxivi fvjyKv Puv`cyi Gm cuQb I cvkeZx GjvKv mg~n GbvqZ Avjxi (1207-74wnt/1792-1858Lt) Ljxdv idx gvjvi cy I
Avnjnv`xQ Av`vjbi `vIqvZ w`Z _vKb| AvR mvZxivi Ljxdv gt Avgxixb ZvejxMi RvgvAvZ wbq KvbmvU GjvKvi
YvKiKvwUZ cxii h Avvbv nqQ, ILvbKvi mg jvK GK mgq Ziiwkqv `yjfcyi Mvg Mj Ges mLvbKvi GKwU weÀvZx c_vi
GB Mvhx gvL`~g nvmvqbi Iqvh b I KivgZ gy nq ZuviB wbKU cwZev` Kij vbxq weÀvZx gymjgvbiv ZuvK Iqvn&nvex ej
Avnjnv`xQ nqwQjb| wK cieZxZ mvZxivi Avjxcyi Mvgi BsiRi nvZ awiq `q| wePvi Zuvi duvwmi Av`k nj knx` nIqvi
gei wkK cxi bvgavix RbK Avyj Avhxhi civPbvq Zviv Avb` wZwb Avjnvg`ywjjvn ej IVb| BsiR wePviK GZ z nq
cybivq nvbvdx nq hvq| Ze h evoxZ Iqvh nqwQj Zviv mn GLbv Zuvi gZy` i` Ki hvexeb xcvi `b I Zuvi mg mw
mLvb gywgq msLK Avnjnv`xQ AvQb I Zvì GKwU Rvg evhqvd&Z Kiv nq| g~jZt GwU wQj Avnjnv`xQìK wRnv` I
gmwRÌ iqQ|10 kvnv`vZi evcvi wbirmvn Kivi GKwU kqZvbx cwjwm gv| 11 ermi
(10) MvBevv hjvi mvNvUv Dchjvi Svovelv Mvgi wZbRb knx` fvB Av`vgvbi KvjvcvwbZ e`xRxeb KvwUq Aekl gyw cq wZwb 1883
mgxixb, hgxixb I RvgvAvZyjvn&i kvK Awff~Z nq Zuvì fvwZRv mvj `k dib| Zuvi AvbxZ Kvjvcvwb e`x`kvi wZevnx 7 Bw j^v
Avyj evix Kvhx h kvKMv_v iPbv Kib, ZvI AvR Avgvì mvgb wSbyK, cvq 1 dzU `Ni kvgyK, 10 Bw j^v I 9 Bw evmi Kwo
iqQ| huviv Zuvì gvU 80 weNv mwi ga GK GK 42 weNv AvRI wenvii QvneMi AvMjB bvivqYcyii wMqvQyxb gvvii
mw wew Ki wRnvì dv `vb KiwQjb| (11) GKB Dchjvi wbKU Ges eo evUv PuvcvB beveMi inbcyii Avbvicyi Mvgi
eviKvbv Mvgi gvIjvbv IqvmDi ingvb gv mvZ w`bi cy mvb evnvijvn gvjvi wbKU iwZ AvQ, Avgvì Rb wRnv` I Kzievbxi
Beivnxg miKviK iL evjvKvU wRnv` hvM`vb Ki knx` nq hvb| Agwjb wZ wnmve| Avjv-vM&wdi jvg Ainvg&g AAv-dwng Adz
(12) gqgbwmsni gvIjvbv AvZvDjvn evjvKvU wRnv` AskMnY kl Avbg| -Avgxb!
MvBevvi mvNvUv Dchjvi wPwbicUj Mvg Gm kl wbtkvm ZvM hyjyg I wbhvZbi Avb cvov wbLv` ZvInxèv`x RvgvAvZ
Kib| (13) GKB Dchjvi abvinv Mvgi Avw` evwm`v Mvhx Avyj Avnjnv`xQ ZvB wPiKvjxb wRnv`x DivwaKvii bvg| h Kvb g~ji
nvjxg, Avyj nvKxg I dnxgyxb gj evjvKvU wRnv` _K wdi GmI wewbgq cwe KziAvb I Qnxn nv`xQi mevP AMvwaKviK AzY ivLvi
ewUki AZvPvi _K wbwZ cvbwb| Aekl Mvhx Avyj nvjxg Ni
wPib knx`x Kvdjvi bvg|
Qo iscyi nvivMvQi miWvv RsMj 3/4 ermi wbRb evmi ci
mLvbB gZzeiY Kib (Bbv wjjv-wn Iqv Bbv BjvBn iv-REb)| Avjvn ejb,
(14) 17 ermi eqm wRnv` AskMnYKvix Ges mxgv nZ evsjv`k C(efg 3 dL)C / c /$ 7$ * _ # 4 J* $ 7$U # U$( %
b a # $+ b a
wnRiZKvix MvBevv knii nvbx cwievii cvYcyil Avjnv
GdvRyxb Avngv` nvbx, whwb 1983 mvji 12B bfî ZvwiL 133 Zvgiv nxbej nqv bv, wPwZ nqv bv, Cgvb`vi nj ZvgivB weRqx
ermi eqm BKvj KiQb Ges Avgvì Rb iL MQb Zuvi eeZ (Avj Bgivb 3/139)|
Zievix, wRnvì cvlvK I evR, wRnv`x ciYvi Drm wnmve|11 DjL h, wRnv` Av`vjb evsjv`ki jvKivB AwaKnvi AskMnY
KiwQjb Ges Avjvn&i ingZ eZgvb cw_exZ Avnjnv`xQ RbmsLv
10. gvbbxq jLKi D`vM Zuvi msMVbi gvag 1994 mvj D gmwR`wU bZzbfve evsjv`kB mevwaK Ges evsjv`ki Abvb Aji PvBZ eni
cwZwZ nq -cKvkK| ivRkvnxZB Zvì msLv mePq ekx| dvwjjv-wnj nvg&` nvg&`vb
11. eZgvb `vij BgviZ Avnjnv`xQ, bI`vcvov, ivRkvnxi wRnv` Mvjvix-Z Zievix,
evR, e`bv I kvKMv_v iwZ AvQ| -cKvkK| KvQxivb ZvBqevg gyev-ivKvb dxn&|
myLkvw AbK eo| Avgvì Rxebi gvwjK hgb Avgiv bB, Avgvì
B+j P#E 6 PK h=i gvji gvwjKI Zgwb Avgiv bB| eis AvmgvbB Avgvì nvqvZ-gDZ I
wiwhK wbavwiZ nq _vK| Avjvn&i Ìqv Rvb I gvj Avjvn&i c_B eq
gywi GKB c_ KiZ ne, kqZvbi c_ bq| RvbvZi wewbgq wZwb gywgbi Rvb I
`vIqvZ I wRnv` gvj Lwi` Ki wbqQb| Avgiv Zvi Lwi`v Mvjvg gv| ZvB Mvjvgi
Kvb AwaKvi bB gvwjKi wei KvR Kivi ev gvwjKi m` wbRi
ezMY! Lqvj-Lykx gZ eq Kivi| hw` Kwi Zvnj Rvnvbvgi ggvwK kvw
eiY Kivi Rb cZ _vKZ ne| Avjvn Pvb ev`v me`v Zuvi c_
1980 mvji 5 I 6B Gwcj XvKvq AbywZ evsjv`k Avnjnv`xQ
hyemsNi 1g HwZnvwmK RvZxq mjb I Bmjvgx mwgbvi Avgvì gvbylK WvKzK| hgb wZwb Zuvi klbex gynvv` (Qvt)-K ejb, k $ B
cwVZ ZvInxì wkv I AvRKi mgvR kxlK wbe Avgiv mvweK C(no m'V) 6 O
3$ * / & U# l b a W
98 _ Avcwb WvKzb Avcbvi
Rxeb ZvInxì wkv MnY I Abykxjbi Rb Avcbvì cwZ Avnvb ie-Gi w`K Ges AekB AekB Avcwb gykwiKì Afy neb bv
RvwbqwQjvg| AvRKi G evav msKzj cwiek Avgiv AvcbvìK (KvQvQ 28/87)| Ab wZwb ejb,
ZvInx` cwZvi Rb P~ov wRnvì c_ eQ bIqvi D`v Avnvb
RvbvwQ| Avgiv wekvm Kwi `vIqvZ I wRnv` eZxZ ZvInx` cwZv I
0 A$ 7Z8 q
) 4r 3 * 5 `* b * _ W
98 / W
_ d ( U / p* 4< d #$Z& +Q= =
Rvnvbvg nZ gywi Avi Kvb c_ gywgbi Rb Lvjv bB| Avi GB C(wo PEuv) 6 = l* N # V * tE+ = a
! r _ 6 s & / W 3$ ' 5 =
wRnv` A_ Kvb AevZB evwZji m Avcvl bv Kiv| wbii `vIqvZ
I ZvejxMi gvag gvbylK ZvInx` eySvZ ne I mv_ mv_ mgvR n ivm~j! Avcwb cuQ w`b hv Avcbvi cwZ bvwhj Kiv nqQ Avcbvi
msvii wbijm cPv Pvwjq hZ ne| b~n (Avt)-Gi cvq mvo cfyi c _K| hw` cuQ bv `b, Zvnj Avcwb Zuvi wimvjvZi `vwqZ
bqkZ eQii w`b-ivZi Aweivg cPvi K_v gb ivLZ ne| b~n cvjb Kijb bv| Avjvn AvcbvK jvKì AwbKvwiZv nZ iv
(Avt) nZ gynvv` (Qvt) ch mKj hyMi Avw^qvq Kivg g~jZt Kieb| wbqB Avjvn Kvwdi MvxK mrc_ c`kb Kieb bv (gvq`vn
Avjvn&i c_i `vC ev AvnvbKvix wQjb| Zuvì ^ ^ hyMi cPwjZ 5/67)| wK mvsNvwZK ag&wK| GLb ivm~jyjvn (Qvt) bB| Zuvi DZ wnmve
RvnwjqvZi wei Zuviv me`v gvbylK Bjvnx n`vqvZi c_ AvgvìKB m `vwqZ cvjb Ki hZ ne| AZtci `vIqvZi wZbwU
`wLqQb| wewbgq Zuviv mgvR waKZ I wbMnxZ nqQb| gRwiwUi i mK GY Avgiv Avcbvì `w AvKlY KiZ PvB|
(Majority) mg_b nvwiqQb| mgvR weivax, agweivax, HK weivax
wnmve wPwZ nqQb| Rbf~wg nZ weZvwoZ nqQb| gvb-mvb, `vIqvZi wZbwU i
Rxeb I m` nvwiqQb| GgbwK wPi wekvmx Avj-Avgxb gynvv`
(Qvt) ch Kvh&hve gnv wg_vev`x ej AwfwnZ nqQb| Z_vwc nK-Gi 1- `vIqvZ dih Avqb : cZK gywgbi Dci hUv dih, ZvK dih
`vIqvZ nZ wZwb GK Pzj wePyZ nbwb| AvgvìKI G bki Rxebi Avqb ejv nq| hv cvjb bv Kij KwVb bvn&Mvi nZ nq Ges A^xKvi
cwZwU wbtkvm nKGi `vIqvZ eq KiZ ne| mKj `ywbqvex cjvfb Kij Kvdi nZ nq| hgb QvjvZ, wQqvg BZvw`| Avjvn&i w`K
I ^v_i Ea DV gvbylK cwe KziAvb I Qnxn nv`xQi AvjvK `vIqvZ Ìqv cZK gywgbi Rb dih Avqb ZLb nq, hLb mgvR
Rxeb Movi Avnvb Rvwbq hZ ne| GRb mKj K I gyQxeZK Abvq-AbvPvi weRq jvf Ki Ges bKx I bvqbxwZ civf~Z nq| hgb
nvwmgyL eiY Ki wbZ ne| `ywbqvex myL-kvwi PvBZ RvbvZi Avjvn ejb,
2 # + b y
$ 5 3 * $ /$ J* b s
&4 q
- x .: /& x 7$
C(eez 23 dL) C 2l3$ * ZvgivB k DZ| Zvgvì Dvb Zvgvì cZK Mv nZ Kb GKUv `j ewiq AvmQ bv xbi vb
nvwQj Kivi Rb? AZtci wdi wMq Zviv Zvì KIgK Rvnvbvgi fq
NUvbv nqQ gvbe RvwZK bvqi Av`k I Abvq _K wbla Kivi
`Lve hvZ Zviv mveavb nq hvq (ZvIevn 9/122)|
Rb (Avj Bgivb 3/110)| GLvb DZ gynvv`xi cZKi Dci
`vIqvZ dih Kiv nqQ, hv jsNb Kij MybvnMvi nZ ne| eZgvb hyM Abvq-AwePvi mgvR Pigfve evcKZv jvf KiQ|
bvqbxwZ gyL _yeo coQ| `ybxwZ eyKUvb Ki GwMq hvQ| GgZvevq
2- `vIqvZ dih wKdvqvn : mgvRi wKQy gywgb `vwqZ cvjb Kij gvbylK Avjvn&i c_ `vIqvZ Ìqv cZK gywgb-gymjgvbi Dci
Abì Rb hUv h_ nq, ZvK dih wKdvqvn ej| hgb QvjvZ dih Avqb ej gb Kwi| whwb hLvb h Aevq _vKzb, mevevq
Rvbvhvn| nvhvi cokxi ga wKQy msLK gywgb Rvbvhv I `vdb Ask `vIqvZi dih Av`vq KiZ ne| evc-fvBqiv Zvì Kgj, Qj-
MnY Kij evKxì dih Av`vq nq hvq| wK KD Ask MnY bv Kij gqiv Zvì wkvb, gv-evbiv Zvì msmvi Rxeb ^ ^ Mxi ga
cZKB bvnMvi ne| ZLb IUv dih Avqb-Gi chvqfy nq `vIqvZi KvR Kieb| wbR MnK Bmjvg weivax mKj Accfve _K
_vK| gy ivLeb| Ni ingZi dikZv hvZ me`v hvZvqvZ Ki, Zvi
cwiek Zwi ivLeb|
`vIqvZ dih wKdvqvn ZLbB ne, hLb me bKx I bvqbxwZ weRq
jvf Kie, Abvq I `ybxwZ civf~Z ne| GB mgq wKQy jvK `vIqvZi
`vC-i Rb Acwinvh GKwU `vwqZ
KvR Kij evKxì Rb h_ ne| hgb Avjvn ejb,
Avjvn&i c_i `vC ev gyevwjMi Acwinvh `vwqZ GZUzKz h, wZwb Zvi
l 3$ * # + = y
$ 5 3 * $/$ J* = {
* _ # $ E = .> /& l / l 7* kvZvì Rb wcqe wbaviY Ki wèb, Zviv Avjvn&K Awj ev
AwffveK wnmve MnY Kieb, bv ZvM~Z-K? hw` Avjvn&K AwffveK
(eez 3 dL) C # %
$ 4`* 3$ * $ H$ W
| wnmve MnY Kib Ze h KvR Kij wZwb Lykx nb, h Kvb wKQyi
Zvgvì ga GKUv `j _vKv PvB hviv gvbylK KjvYi w`K WvKe wewbgq ZvB-B Ki hZ ne| Zvi Rxebi mKj KgPvj Avjvn&i
fvjvevmvK K` KiB cwiPvwjZ ne| GBfve wcqe cwieZbi
Ges bvqi Av`k I Abvq _K wbla Kie| Avi ZvivB ne
gvagB Avme Rxeb I mgvRi cwieZb| Avme KvswLZ mgvR wece|
mdjKvg (Avj Bgivb 3/104)|
D gg wbgv AvqvZ `ywU Abyaveb Kib| Avjvn ejb,
3- `vIqvZ gyevn : gyevn A_ h KvR Kij QIqve AvQ, bv Kij

/ c $=
# r ` l* &= 3 R9 ) * / E$ , Q &b E } =E9 R ] * _ a
bvn bB| mgvR hLb bvqbxwZ weRqx Aevq _vKe, bKxi KvR me
weivwRZ ne Ges mgvRi c nZ wKQy jvK me`v `vIqvZi Rb =X r RQ
0 C 4 3 Z
0 + N '` U a VM*#$ * P 5$ * W
3 7Z E V
wbw`fve wbqvwRZ _vKeb, ZLb Abì Rb `vIqvZi KvR gyevn $ # r $ H$ $ $ ` =X r 8 # Q _ 34?S / +$ -$ { $= # $/ L
chvqfy ne| `vIqvZ w`j Zviv QIqve cveb, bv w`j bvnMvi neb
+ H$ 8 & F $ %G W | 34?S _ 8 # Q / +$ U# -$ { $=
bv| Avjvn ejb,
C(~oC~w PV)C $Ex
@_ +$ / # } 8$ X $ =E9 R # +$ Vr ` 7 .> ` ui +$ / .: } < / ` U a # 4
xbi ga Kvb hei`w bB| Zv _K n`vqvZ nq MQ|
C(e~~ .#7) C 8$ X %
= +$ 4r5 + _ # 5$ - 8 GY h ew ZvM~ZK A^xKvi Ki Avjvn&i Dci Cgvb Avbjv, m
ew gheyZ iwk aviY Kij, hv wQb nevi bq; Avjvn mekvZv I me|
Avjvn gywgbì GKgv AwffveK| ZvìK wZwb AKvi nZ Avjvi
c_ ei Ki GbQb| cvi hviv Kvdi, Zvì AwffveKe` nj `vIqvZ bv weRq mvab?
ZvM~Z mg~n| hviv ZvìK Avjv _K AKvii c_ wbq hvq| Iiv xbi `vIqvZ bv xbi weRq mvab, Kvb&wU gywgbi Dci dih G wbq
Rvnvbvgi Awaevmx, hLvb Zviv vqx evwk`v ne (evKvivn 2/256-57)| AbK mgq ZKi mw nq | A_P gywgbi Dci dih `vwqZ nj `vIqvZ
AZtci keY Kib ivm~jyjvn (Qvt)-Gi evYx- Ìqv, Ab wKQy bq| n`vqvZ `vb ev `ywbqvZ weRq `vb m~Yic
&7 E$ $ / c $= a : 4Z A4
4G
d # Z$ 8 d } d } T
: U Avjvn&i BQvaxb| hw` Avgvì `vIqvZ Avjvn&i wbKU Keyj nq hvq
Zvnj wZwb G `vIqvZi wewbgq `ywbqvZB xbi weRq `vb KiZ
A4 h`7/ 5 3 - s
& ] E ] E & / A _ Y
& # cvib| bBj AvLivZi weRq I Rvnvbvg _K gywi welq Zv
Zvgvì ga KD gywgb ne bv, hZY bv Avwg Zvi wbKU Zvi wcZv- Avjvn&i Iqv`v iqQB|
gvZv, mvbvw` I mKj gvbyli Pq wcqZi ne|12 Avjvn ejb,
nK I evwZj cxì PviwU i C 2l%

* ( 2=( 5 *
E 2 2/ ar _ $ '

2& / mvnvh Kejgv gnv
cZvcvw^Z I gnvvbx Avjvn&i c _KB Avm (Avj Bgivb 3/126)|
nK I evwZj cxì ga mvaviYZt PviwU i `Lv hvq| (1) whwb nK
eySb wK nK Abyhvqx Avgj AjmZv Kib (2) whwb nK eySb I nK Ab wZwb Gikv` Kib, C 2l Y
2

0 $ '
$ &= * _ hw` Avjvn
Abyhvqx Avgj Kib| wK nK-Gi `vIqvZ w`Z AjmZv Kib (3) whwb Zvgvì mvnvh Kib, Zvnj KDB Zvgvì Dci Rqjvf KiZ
nK eySb, m Abyhvqx Avgj Kib, nK-Gi `vIqvZ `b, wK nK-Gi cvie bv (Avj-Bgivb 3/160)|
Rb wRnv` Kievi mrmvnm bB (4) whwb nK eySb, m Abyhvqx Avgj GY hw` xbi weRq mvabK Av`vjbi Kgm~Pxi Afy Ki bIqv
Kib, nK-Gi `vIqvZ `b Ges h Kvb g~j nK cwZvi Rb Rvb- nq, Ze mLvb BQvq ev AwbQvq wZbwU gvivZK wZi AvksKv
gvj wbq wRnv` Kib| iqQ| (1) `vIqvZK Avjvn&i cm`bxq evbvevi cPvq fvUv coe (2)
evwZj cxì gaI Dciv PviwU i iqQ| xbi weRq mvabi w`KB `w wbe ne I `vIqvZi KvR wZM ne
(3) Avjvn bv Kib hw` `ywbqvex weRq bv Avm, Zvnj `vCi ga
GY Avjvn&i c_ `vCi `vwqZ ne GB h, wZwb GKRb evwZjcxK
nZvkv I bivk `Lv wè| cwikl nqZev m nK-Gi `vIqvZ _KB
iZ 1g ii nKcx nevi `vIqvZ wèb| AZtci axi axi ZvK
gyL wdwiq wbe| Aek Bmjvgi mvweK weRq mvabi j wbqB `vC-
4_ i DbxZ Kivi Pv wbeb| GRb hme K I gyQxeZi myLxb
K KvR Ki hZ ne Ges mB g~j j ARbi c_B ZvK `vIqvZ
nZ ne, Zv ZvK Avjvn&i mwi ^v_ nvwmgyL eiY Ki bevi
w`q hZ ne| Avjvn ejb,
Dc`k wèb| mvgvb GKRb bvix ev cyili fvjevmv cvIqvi Rb
gvbyl hLvb me^ ZvM KiZ cvi, mLvb Avjvn&i fvjevmv cvIqvi ] # A 4< =E9 4 ]$ + ?* $ h9 %
* =B E+$ * A$ #$Z8 Z 8 t
X r # H$
Rb ZvK AekB mevwaK ZvM ^xKvii Rb cZ _vKZ ne|
(g ') 6 # O
3$ *
12. gyvdvK AvjvBn, wgkKvZ nv/7|
wZwb Zuvi ivm~jK n`vqvZ I mZ xb mn ciY KiQb, hvZ Abvb

xb mg~ni Dci Zv Rqjvf Ki| hwÌ gykwiKiv GUv Acm` Ki (Qd
61/9)| wRnv`*
GB weRq cv_wgKfve AekB AvKx`vMZ Ges AvgjMZ weRq, hvK
Rvnvbvgi KwVb Avhve nZ euvPvi wZxq kZ nj wRnv`| hgb Avjvn
AvaywbK cwifvlvq mvswZK weRq ejv nq _vK| cw_exZ cPwjZ mKj
ejb,
ag I gZv`k AekB Bmjvgi wbKU civwRZ GZ KvbB m`n bB|
AZtci cw_exZ Ggb Kvb gvwUi Ni ev SzcwoI _vKe bv hLvb # $/ c b$ C : F
: X / l K b$ P: 8 Kb 4 l SB$ * H # $/ L =X r +Q= =
Bmjvgi `vIqvZ cek Kie bv| nq Zviv Bmjvg Keyj Ki mvwbZ * _ l x l @ l
` U l #/ J
Z R E$ H Kb$ A # Z$ 8

ne, bq Bmjvgi AvbyMZ ^xKvi eva ne| hgb wbgv nv`xQ ewYZ
nqQ, C(eeCez ') C # 3$ 45 b 7$
n wekvmxMY! Avwg wK Zvgvì Ggb GKwU eemvqi K_v ej è bv-
+ 4 V= a :d # V = 4rZ A 4
0 4rG
d # Z$ 8 3 Z A$ U& B EV* 3 * hv ZvgvìK ggvwK Avhve nZ gyw è? Zvgiv Avjvn I Zuvi
&/_ : @ d< @ (: =( (9 5 N
Z . 3 4
0 A$ 4x B ar _ : a 8: E / q$ 8 "! ivm~ji Dci Cgvb Avbe Ges Zvgvì gvj I Rvb viv Avjvn&i ivvq
wRnv` Kie| GUvB Zvgvì Rb Dg c_, hw` Zvgiv eyS (Qd
A$ 4S $ =E9 # l q $ 4* } 6+ #$ =E +$ SX $= +4H / +$ 45 K

0 $ H$ (Q 5 $= 61/10-11)|
CE ]8 C
Avjvn&K Lykx Kivi Rb Kzdix kwi wei gywgbi mKj cPv
wgK`v` web AvmIqv` (ivt) ejb, wZwb ivm~jyjvn (Qvt)-K ejZ wbqvwRZ KivK kixAvZi cwifvlvq wRnv` ej| Ab A_ ^xq
bQb h, f~c Ggb Kvb gvwUi Ni ev Zuvey _vKe bv, hLvb Avjvn bdmi wei, kqZvbi wei Ges gykwiK-gybvwdK I dvmKì
Bmjvgi evYx cuQ wèb bv- mvbxi Ni mvbi mv_ Ges Amvbxi wei Rvb-gvj I hevb w`q jovB KivK wRnv` ej| Avjvn ejb,
Ni Amvbi mv_| Avjvn hvìK mvwbZ Kieb, ZvìK ^Qvq T
|* $ &+ - H$ J* / + 4
* 4* V 3$ * 8 rl* E H - RQ & +Q= =
Bmjvg MnYi hvM Ki wèb| Avi hvìK wZwb AmvwbZ Kieb,
Zviv (wRwhqv `vb) Bmjvgi ekZv ^xKvi eva ne| Avwg ejjvg,
C(of .#7) $ '
3 *
Zvnj Zv xb c~Yic Avjvn&i Rb nq hve (A_vr mKj xbi Dci n bex! Avcwb wRnv` Kib Kvdi I gybvwdKì wei Ges Zvì
Bmjvg weRq jvf Kie)|13 GB nv`xQ wekevcx Bmjvgi ivRbwZK Dci KVvi nb| Zvì wVKvbv Rvnvbvg| mUv KZB bv g` wVKvbv
weRqi BwZ iqQ| GRb cZK `vCK AvKx`v I Avgj Dg (ZvIevn 9/73, Zvnixg 66/9)|
bgybv nZ ne hvi viv Agymwjgì `q Rq Kiv me ne| (K) bdmi wei wRnvì cwqv : bd&m KjywlZ nq I AvLivZi
ivRbwZK weRq jvf Kivi Rb hv AvewkK c~ekZ| wPv _K `~i mwiq bq Ggb me eev`x mvwnZ, c-cwKv, cPvi
gvag, AvjvPbv gRwjm, Kve, mwgwZ, `j I msMVb cfw Z nZ Ges
* GRb gvwmK AvZ-ZvnixK-Gi ìm KziAvb Kjvg cKvwkZ wRnv` I wKZvj

13. Avngv`, mb` Qnxn, wgkKvZ-Avjevbx nv/42; wmjwmjv Qnxnvn nv/3| wbewU cvV Kib (5g el 3q msLv wWmî 2001)|- cKvkK|
Bmjvgi bvg mKj wkiKx I weÀvZcx msMVb nZ wbRK `~i D

: =E R # $ #${= &7 +$ J b=L R #
$ #${= =X r q
=8 @_
ivLZ ne Ges `wbK `ni LvivK RvMvbvi bvq ini Cgvbx
LvivK RvMvZ ne| me`v xbx AvjvPbv, xbx Avgj I cwkY Ges C 3 r? N # V * / * X< E 5 E 5$ V* b
O& W &
$= &/_ ]
xbx cwieki ga DVvemvi gvag inK Zvhv ivLZ ne| Avjvn C(wn N5U")
ejb,
hLb Zywg jvKì `Le h, Zviv Avgvi AvqvZ wbq Dcnvm g~jK
E$ 5 b a A$ + - E$ =$= R9 O 5 * P E) * +$ &8 # $ E = =X r / W `* U G
AvjvPbvq wj nqQ, ZLb `~i mi _vKe, h ch bv Zviv Ab
b& U * @ A$ 4* } 4* ` * / b$ a UEQ P % * . = E$ = b$ +$ \ AvjvPbvq wj nq| (Zvì hywevì dj) hw` kqZvb ZvgvK fywjq
`q, Ze iY nIqvi ciB Zzwg Avi mxgv jsNbKvixì mv_ emv bv
C(~n +l) Ci$ ]$ $ / ]$ #H (AvbAvg 6/68)|
(n bex!) Avcwb wbRK Hme jvKì m ahi mv_ ai ivLyb, (M) Kvwdi, gykwiK, gybvwdK I dvwmKì wei wRnvì cwqv : nvZ
hviv WvK Zvì cfyK mKvj I mvq; Zviv Kvgbv Ki Kejgv viv, Rvb viv, gvj viv I Ai viv Zvì wei Ni-evBi me
Avjvn&i Pnviv| Avcwb Zvì _K `w wdwiq wbeb bv| Avcwb wK evcK cwZiva Mo ZzjZ ne| hveZxq wkiK, weÀvZ I wdm&K-
`ywbqvex Rxebi Rjym Pvb? Avcwb H ewi AbymiY Kieb bv hvi A dzR~ixi wei gywgbi MnK jn KwVb `~M wnmve Mo ZzjZ ne|
i Avgvì iY _K Mvdj nqQ Ges m cewi Abymvix nqQ I gywgbi wPv-PZbv, K_v I Kjg, Avq I DcvRb mewKQyB me`v
Zvi KvRKg mxgvjsNb Gm wMqQ (Kvn&d 18/28)| wbqvwRZ _vKe evwZji wei Avcvlnxb hvvi gZ| cZK Mvg I
gnjvq Avjvn&i mbvevwnbx wnmve eq I ZiYì GKwU RvgvAvZK
(L) kqZvbi wei wRnvì cwqv : Avjvn ev Zuvi cwiZ kixAvZi msMwVZ nZ ne, hviv Avgxii wb`kbv gvZveK cwe KziAvb I
Kvb weavb mK gbi ga hLbB Kvb m`n DuwK gvie, ZLbB Qnxn nv`xQ Abyhvqx wbRì Rxeb, cwievi I mgvR Mo ZzjZ
ZvK `~i Quyo dj w`Z ne| hgb (1) Bmjvgi weavb mg~n GhyM cwZve neb I mgvR msvi eZx neb| nKcx GB jvKì msLv
APj (2) Bmjvgx kixAvZi PvBZ gvbe iwPZ weavb mg~n AbK DbZ Kvb vb hw` wZbRbI _vKb, ZeyI ZvìK GKRb Avgxii Aaxb
I KjvYgq (3) nv`xQ m`nhy, KziAvbB h_ (4) nv`xQ Kvb Qnxn- RvgvAvZe nZ ne I Bmjvgx Abykvmb gvZveK Rxeb hvcb KiZ
hCd bB, me nv`xQB mwVK (5) Bgvg-gvhnve ev cxi gvbvB h_, nv`xQ ne| Z_vwc ZvM~Zx kwi wbKU hvIqv hve bv ev weksLj Rxeb hvcbI
gvbvi cqvRb bB BZvKvi kqZvbx auvKv mg~n| wbRi Nii Rvbvjv Kiv Pje bv| ivm~jyjvn (Qvt) Gikv` Kib,
c_ Pvi DuwK gvij hgb Avgiv Zvi wcQy avIqv Kwi, Zgwb gbi
: 2Ù . 2M
I S %
= a 4rZ A 4
0 r4G

d # Z$ 8 d } d } P = H$

Rvbvjv c_ cwe KziAvb I Qnxn nv`xQi Kvb Av`k ev wblai
KvhKvwiZv mK Kvbic m`nev` DuwK-SuzwK gvij ZvKI c_g CBB # E ]8 6 H$ E + 4 $ /9 ar _ P:

8 J # U$# l =
AvNvZ `~i wbc KiZ ne| AnZzK m`n I hywevì a~gRvj
wZb Rb jvKi RbI nvjvj bq Kvb wbRb f~wgZ Aevb Kiv Zvì
mwKvix AwZ eywgvbì KvQ _K Ges e-`jxj A Abymvixì KvQ
ga GKRbK Avgxi wbqvM bv Kiv ch|14
_K `~i _vKZ ne| Avjvn ejb,
14. Avngv`, Avey`vE`, Qnxn Rvg QvMxi -Avjevbx nv/500; wiqvhyQ Qvjnxb nv/960|
Avjvn ejb, A_:.... Ges h ew Avgxii AvbyMZ Kij m Avgvi AvbyMZ Kij|
7$ b * 6 l / / J* R d #$Z& #$5i
! # 5$ i #$/ L =X r +Q= = Avi h ew Avgxii AevaZv Kij m Avgvi AevaZv Kij|16
x W @ 6 x N # *

# $/ c b$ 7$ * _ d # Z$ &
_ ]$ BQ $ 1: R , R Ab Avjvn&i ivm~j (Qvt) Zvi DZK RvgvAvZe Rxeb hvcb,

Avgxii Av`k keYmn 5wU Av`k c`vb KiQb|17 wZwb ejb,
E$ =
C(g 1) C = J* b $
. 3K
* R4 RvgvAvZi Dci Avjvn&i nvZ _vK|18
n gywgbMY! Zvgiv AvbyMZ Ki Avjvn&i Ges AvbyMZ Ki ivm~ji I
Zvgvì gaKvi Avgxii| AZtci hw` Zvgiv Kvb welq weev` Ki, meZt GZ Kov Kzgi KviYB Qvnvevq Kivg ivm~ji gZzi ci Zuvi
Zvnj Zv Avjvn I ivm~ji w`K wdwiq `vI, hw` Zvgiv Avjvn I `vdb Kvhi c~eB Avgxi wbqvMi cwZ GZ AwaK iZ w`qwQjb
Ges h Rb ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi `vdb Kvh wZbw`b wejw^Z nq| Bmjvgx iv
wePvi wèmi Dci wekvmx nq _vK| GUvB Zvgvì Rb KjvYKi I
cwZwZ _vKj Zvi wbevwPZ Avgxii wbKU evqAvZ bv Kij
cwiYwZi w`K w`q Dg (wbmv 4/59)|
RvnwjqvZi gZyeiY KiZ ne| GZZxZ agxq DbwZ I AMMwZi
A AvqvZ ivm~ji AvbyMZi mv_ Avgxii AvbyMZK hy Kiv mKj KvR hvM Avgxii Aaxb RvgvAvZ MVb Ki Bmjvgx ev
nqQ| Kbbv ivm~ji gZyi ci wKqvgZ ch ivm~ji iL hvIqv xb Abmjvgx mgvR ev ivi ga Bmjvgx `vIqvZ cwiPvjbvi AcwinvhZv
evevqbi g~j `vwqZ _vKe Avgxiì Dci| Ze Avgxii AvbyMZ eySvbv nqQ evKx nv`xQwjZ|
Avjvn I ivm~ji AvbyMZi kZvaxb| G AvqvZ eySv hvq, Bmjvgx iv Dciv nv`xQ mg~n gymwjg DvnK KziAvb I mybvn&i Abykvmb
Kvqg _vK ev bv _vK gymjgvbì agxq I mvgvwRK Rxeb mevevq gvZveK myks Ljfve mvgvwRK Rxeb cwiPvjbvi wb`k c`vb Kiv
Avgxi _vKv hiix| ivm~jyjvn (Qvt) Gikv` Kib, nqQ|
..... d # V = 4rZ A 4
0 r4G

d # Z$ 8 q
$ 5 3 Z d } 3 $
E Avgiv wekvm Kwi h, cwZwU Mvg ev gnjvq hLb GK`j mrmvnmx gyRvwn`
ZiY AvjvnK ivhx-Lykx Kivi Rb bvqi Av`k I Abvqi cwZiva
C4/ ]8 C. &4H - . 7/
/ .> 5 A V $$ T
/ / HKe neb Ges mgvRi mKj KjvY Kg wbRìK wbqvwRZ
h ew gviv Mj A_P Zvi M`vb Avgxii AvbyMZi evqAvZ _vKj Kieb, ZLb msLvq hZ KgB nK bv Kb Avjvn&i mvnvh wbq ZvivB
bv, m Rvnjx nvjZ gZyeiY Kij|15 Rqjvf Kieb|
mKj cKvi gvid ev kixAvZ Abygvw`Z welq Avgxii wb`k cvjb eZtc GUvB nj wRnv`| Avi Gi gvagB Avm KvswLZ mgvR
Kiv gvg~ii Rb dih| hgb ivm~jyjvn (Qvt) Gikv` Kib, wece|
mgvR wPiKvj evwZjcxi msLv ekx wQj, AvRI AvQ, fwelZI
/ "! Q= / ..... 4rZ A 4
0 r4G

d # Z$ 8 d } d } P = H$ _vKe| ZvB AwaKvsk evwZji fvU wbq nK cwZv Kiv wejvmx Kbv
CA4 h`7/ C U' E V / "! m 5 &= / i E V
16. gyvdvK AvjvBn, wgkKvZ nv/3661|
17. wZiwghx, wgkKvZ nv/3694 nviQ Avj-AvkAvix (ivt) nZ mb` Qnxn|
15. gymwjg, wgkKvZ nv/3674 bZZ I wePvi Aavq| 18. wZiwghx, wgkKvZ nv/173; Qnxj Rvg nv/8065|
Qvov wKQyB bq| bexMY KLbvB Gc_ hvbwb| Zuvì c_ wQj `vIqvZ I kwi wei wRnv` NvlYv KiwQjb| Zuviv Avgi wej gvid I bvwn
wRnvì c_, bQxnZ I cwZivai c_| bexMY mgvRi msLvjNy Avwbj gybKvi-Gi `vwqZ cvjb KiwQjb gv| djvdj Avjvn&i nvZ
nKcxì LuyR ei Ki ZvìK Avjvn&i bvg msNe KiwQjb| Qo w`qwQjb| AvRI Avgiv mUvB PvB|
Zuvì gvagB GmwQj mgvRi Avg~j cwieZb| AvRI mB c_ ai Avgvì `qi Kvbv nj G`k Bmjvg Zvi nvivbv HwZn wdi cvK|
GMvZ ne; Abì wkLvbv c_ ai bq| evsjvi ew I mgvR Rxeb cwe KziAvb I Qnxn nv`xQi AvjvK Mo
AvaywbK ivxq ev mvgvwRK ckvmb hw` KziAvb I Qnxn nv`xQi weivax DVyK| hvjg wbiZ nK, ghj~gi gyL Abvwej nvwm dyU DVyK| Avmyb!
nq, Ze Zv GKwU ZvM~Z Qvov wKQyB bq| gywgb KLbvB ZvM~Z viv Avgiv Avgvì ew I cvwievwiK RxebK cwe KziAvb I Qnxn nv`xQ
kvwmZ nZ cvi bv| m Kvb AevZB ZvM~Zi wbKU Zvi wePvi- Abyhvqx Mo Zywj| mgvRi Abvb fvBK wbii `vIqvZ I ZvejxMi
dvqQvjvi `vwqZ AcY KiZ cvi bv (wbmv 4/60,65)| H ZvM~Zx mgvR gvag wdwiq Avwb Ges hLvbB _vwK Rxebi me wKZve I
eev cwieZbi Rb gywgbK ZvB me`v mevZK cPv Pvwjq hZ mybvZi mevP AMvwaKvi cwZvi Rb Avjvn&i bvg Rvb I gvj w`q
nq| GRb ZvK me`v ivm~ji `Lvbv c_ PjZ nq| wK G c_ mevZK wRnv` AeZxY nB| Avjvn ejb,
Kvwdi-gykwiKì Pq gybvwdKivB mePq eo evav| hgb Avjvn
ejb, l x l @
Z R l
` U l #/ J E$ H - a VM& `x $ ` U
(e .#7) C # 3$ 45 b 7$ * _
W
EQ '
$ = V 3$ * q
=8 d # Z$ &
_
0 d ( U / _ #5b +$ } @_

C(we 1) CB E$ G $ Zvgiv ZiY I e mKj Aevq ewiq co Ges Zvgvì gvj I Rvb
viv Avjvn&i ivvq wRnv` Ki| GUvB Zvgvì Rb Dg cv, hw`
hLb ZvìK ejv nq Avjvn hv bvwhj KiQb Zvi w`K Ges ivm~ji Zvgiv eyS (ZvIevn 9/41)| GB AvqvZ cvV Ki Qvnvex Avey Zvjnv (ivt)
w`K Zvgiv wdi Gmv, ZLb Avcwb gybvwdKì `Leb h Zviv Zuvi QjìK ejjb, AvgvK wRnv` hvIqvi eev Ki `vI| hyeK
Avcbvi _K gyL wdwiq wbe (A_vr ZvivB c_g c_iva Ki ùvove) Qjiv ejj- Avcwb Avjvn&i ivm~ji mv_, Zvici AveyeKii mv_,
(wbmv 4/61)| Zvici Igii hyM Zuvi mv_ wRnv` wMqQb| GLb Zuviv mevB gZ|
ejv evj GB ivxq I mvgvwRK Ackwi wei Dvb KiZ wMqB Avcwb wbiZ nb, AvgivB Avcbvi c nZ hy hve| wcZv Avey Zvjnv
Dcgnv`k mw nqwQj mq` Avngv` ejfx (1201-1246wnt/1786- Qjì GB cve A^xKvi Kijb| AZtci wZwb hy wMq gviv
1831Lt) I Avjvgv BmgvCj knxì (1193-1246wnt/1779-1831Lt) Mjb| mvMi bq w`b jvk fvmZ fvmZ Aekl GK xc wMq
Avjvob mwKvix wRnv` Av`vjb, gvIjvbv mq` wbQvi Avjx VKj mv_xiv ZvK mLvbB `vdb Kijb|19
ZxZzgxii (1197-1246wnt/1782-1831Lt) gvnvv`x Av`vjb, nvRx Avjvn ejb,
kixAvZzjvn&i (1196-1256wnt/1781-1840Lt) dvivqhx Av`vjb
cfwZ| mg `kK ev mg gymwjg mgvRK HKe Kivi `yt^c Zuviv
Z R E$ H K3$ * 8

& R $ / c 3$ * / E$ V* t#7
= a
`Lbwb wKsev cwZwZ evwZj kwK DrLvZ KiZ cvieb G Aeve
=E V* 4 +
` U + #/ J =E H K3$ *
0
& 6 +
` U + #/ J
wPvI Zuviv Kibwb| `ywbqvex bZZ ev KZZ jvfi gvnI Zuvì wQj
bv| eis h KqRb Avjvn&i cvMj wbew`Z cvY fvBK Zuviv mv_
cqwQjb, mB KqRb g` gyRvwn`K wbq Zuviv ^xq hyMi ZvM~Zx 19. Beby KvQxi, Zvdmxi m~iv ZIev 41|
- =E V* 4 =E H K3$ *
0
&
%$ *
0 E
r 6. - 8 B wZwb Aviv Gikv` Kib,
C(g 1) C3? ($ 2)=

&/ / : 4rZ A 4
0 r4G
d # Z$ 8 d } d } P = H$
C4/ ]8 6 : Ù /9 .: 5 ,$ 4 / A$ `* U A * E9 % $=
Ag eZxZ Mn Dcwe gywgbMY mgvb bq Hme gyRvwn`MYi, hviv
Zvì gvj I Rvb wbq Avjvn&i ivvq wRnv` Ki| Avjvn gyRvwn`MYi h ew gviv Mj A_P wRnv` Kij bv wKsev Aii ga KLbI
mvb Hme Dcweì Dci ew KiQb Ges cZKi mv_B Avjvn wRnvì K_vI Avbjv bv; m GK aibi gybvdKxi nvjZ gZy eiY
KjvYi Iqv`v KiQb| Avjvn Dcweì Dci gyRvwn`MYK gnvb Kij|23
cwZ`vb kZ c`vb KiQb (wbmv 4/95)| A_vr wRnv` hZ AvMnx wZwb Gikv` Kib,
Ag DcweMY hgb A, L, ivMx cfwZ Ges wRnv` Mgb KvixMY d (2b a : 4r2Z A 4
0 r4G

d # Z$ 8 d } d } : '
$ 3
Dfqi mv_B KjvYi Iqv`v iqQ|
$ H$ $ x L bV$= &7 H$ U / 4 = H h9 %
* 4 # 4bV$= 7/& /9 .> ` ui
Avjvn&i P~ov NvlYv keY Kib,
CBB# ]8 6d &-E& 3 *
45 = l / E$ H - =X r
0 45 = &3 . &K

* #4x$ E b * 7$
N
Avgvi DZi ga GKUv `j _vKe hviv nK-Gi c_ msMvg Kie|
C(e~ 3 dL) C = &' Zviv k ci Dci Rqjvf Kie| Zvì mekl `jwU `vvji
m jovB Kie|24
Zvgiv wK feQ RvbvZ cek Kie? A_P Avjvn GLbI cgvY RvbZ
cvibwb, K Zvgvì ga mwZKvii gyRvwn` I K mwZKvii Avjvn AvgvìK Zuvi mB nKcx gyRvwn` `jwUi Afy Kib Ges
`pwP? (Avj Bgivb 3/142)|20 AvgvìK me`v `vIqvZ I wRnvì ga Rxeb AwZevwnZ Kivi
ZvIdxK `vb Kib- Avgxb Bqv ievj Avjvgxb|
ivm~jyjvn (Qvt)-K wRm Kiv nj, Kvb& wRnv` mevg? wZwb ejjb,
h ew gykwiKì wei wRnv` Ki Zvi gvj I Rvb viv|21 Dcmsnvi
ivm~jyjvn (Qvt) ejb, 1986 mvji 22k Avei ivRkvnxZ AbywZ Avnjnv`xQ hyemsNi
l #/ J O
3$ * $EH - : d } 4rZ A 4
0 r4G
9 & T : U wZbw`b evcx K`xq KvDwj m`m mjb Dvab KiZ wMq Avgiv
mgvR wecei wZbwU avivi Dci AvjvPbvi mv_ mv_ G `k cPwjZ
C%G BZ /8E u BB# ]8 6 l 7 * l
` U wZbwU gZev` mK mKjK uwkqvi KiwQjvg| Rvwbbv weMZ mvqv Pvi
Zvgiv wRnv` Ki gykwiKì wei Zvgvì gvj viv, Rvb viv I eQi Avgiv G evcvi KZUzKz GMvZ ciwQ| Ze MZ 1989 I 90-
hevb viv (hevb A_ K_v I Kjg)|22 Gi cb `yeQi Avgvì Dci w`q Cgvbi h cixv PjQ, ZvZ
AbK mvgbi Kgx wcQb wMqQb, AbK wcQbi Kgx mvgb GmQb|
KDev wQUK coQb| mgvR wecei Av`k AbycvwYZ KgxMY GwUK
20. GKB gg ZvIevn 16, gynvv` 31|
21. Avey`vE`, mb` Qnxn, wgkKvZ-Avjevbx nv/3833 wRnv` Aavq| 23. gymwjg, wgkKvZ nv/3813 wRnv` Aavq|
22. Avey`vE`, bvmvC, mb` Qnxn, wgkKvZ nv/3821| 24. Avey`vD`, mb` Qnxn, wgkKvZ nv/3819|
cixvi vw Kvj wnmve MY Kib Ges mgvR cwieZbi wi j nq| evKx 95 kZvsk jvK BQvq AwbQvq Zvì Abymvix nq| Avi hLb
Pjvi c_ GwjK GK GKwU evav ev cixv ej wekvm Kib| mgvR Zviv nKcx nq, ZLb mgvR nK cwZwZ nq| ejv evj Avnjnv`xQ
wecei Rb Avgiv mw`b `ywU welqK AvewkK c~ekZ wnmve wbaviY hyemsN I Avnjnv`xQ gwnjvmsv cwZvi g~j Avgvì g~j ciYv wQj
KiwQjvg|- GUvB| Gi evBi Avgiv ZLb wKQy RvbZvg bv| AvRI Rvwbbv| Rvwbbv
weMZ KqK ermii Pvq Avgiv KZRb wecex Kgx mw KiZ ciwQ|
1- AvKx`vq wece Avbv 2- wbfRvj ZvInx`x AvKx`vq wekvmx wbew`Z Ze Avgvì Av`vjb h BwZga evwZji `q `yi `yi Kbi mw
cvY wecex Kgxì GKwU RvgvAvZ MVb Kiv| c_gv welqwUi mnR KiQ, Zv ek nq MQ| GZw`b evBii gwK gyKvwejv
mij evLv nj gymwjg wnmve Avgvì Rxebi mKj w`K I wefvM KiwQjvg, GLb AvfixY wnsmvi gyKvwejv KiZ nQ| 1949 mvj GB
Kejgv Avjvn&i weavb gvZveK ne, ZvM~Zi weavb Abyhvqx bq, G bI`vcvovZ AbywZ wbwLj e I Avmvg RgCqZ Avnjnv`xQ
AvKx`v `pfve cvlY Kiv| Rxebi GKwU w`K Awn-i weavb gvZveK Kbdvi Avnjnv`xQ Av`vjbi AKzZvfq mbvbx gvIjvbv
ne, AviKwU w`K ZvM~Zx gZev` Abyhvqx ne, GB wgyLx AvKx`v Avyjvnj Kvdx (1900-1960Lt) Zuvi fvlY ejwQjb, eZgvb
Wvweb Quyo djZ ne| GB wbfRvj Cgvb I AvKx`vK `ywbqvex
Avnjnv`xQ Av`vjb Av`vjbi cwieZ GKwU wdKvq cwiYZ nqQ|
^v_i wewbgq wew Kiv Pje bv| gmwR` QvjvZ Av`vqi mgq hgb GB RvgvAvZi h wKQy KiYxq AvQ ev Gi AwZi h Kvb cqvRb
Avgiv Qnxn nv`xQi m Kvb gvhnvex wdKni Avcvl Kwi bv, AvQ, Zv Abygvb KivI KwVb nq ùvwoqQ25| wZwb ejb, Avnjnv`xQ
ivRbxwZi gq`vb Zgwb Avgiv cvvZi kiKx MYZ I Abvb bvgavix Avgvì AbK ezi G Av`vjb m^ aviYv GKv A I
gZi m Avcvl KiZ cvwi bv| Avcvl KiZ cvwi bv A_bxwZi aygvQb-Z`vweRwoZi ^cer| KD KD G Av`vjbi g~jbxwZZB
gq`vb waKZ cuywRev` I mgvRevì mv_| Avgiv wbfRvj Bmjvgx wekvm Kib bv| KD KD Avgvì c~ec yilì iwmwZ GB
ivRbxwZ PvB, ivRbwZK Bmjvg bq| Avgiv KziAvb I Qnxn nv`xQi AvgvbZi bvg fvwOq LvQb| Avgvì ga KgwegyLZv I
wbfRvj Bmjvg PvB, wgwkZ Bmjvg bq| wewfb kiKx I weÀvZx `vwqZnxbZvi m ZvKjx` I `je`xi Awfkvc cek KiQ|26
img-iIqvR Af eZgvb gymwjg mgvR I miKvi Bmjvgi h gvIjvbvi AwfZv mg GB eve I wZ mZ K_vwj Ai w`q
AskUzKz cvjb evav `q, mUzKz Avgiv cvjb Kwi bv, wKsev ARynvZ w`q Dcjw Kivi Rb Avgiv mKj chvqi Avnjnv`xQMYi wbKU AvKzj
euvPevi Pv Kwi| A_P Bmjvgi `vex wQj mgvR I miKvii wbKU Ave`b RvbvwQ|
Avgiv Avgvì agxq wekvm I AvKx`vK wewKq è bv| Avgiv Avgvì
xbx I `ywbqvex Rxebi Rb `yRb ivm~j `vex KiZ cvwi bv| eis cwikl Avwg evsjv`k Avnjnv`xQ Av`vjbi mvweK AMMwZ I
Rxebi mKj w`K I wefvMi Rb gynvv` (Qvt)-KB Avgiv Avgvì AvRKi mjbi mvweK mdjZvi Rb Avjvn&i ZvIdxK cv_bv Ki
GKgv bex I nv-`x wnmve wekvm Kwi| h mgvR ev msMVb ev miKvi Avjvn&i bvg GB gnZx RvZxq mjb91 I ZvejxMx BRZgvi f
Avgvì Bmjvgx AvKx`v Abyhvqx Avgj KiZ evav `q, Zvi wei Dvab NvlYv KiwQ|
mevZK wRnv` Rvb-gvj DrmM KivB gymwjg Rxebi P~ov KZe ej
Avgiv gb Kwi|
wZxq welqwU mK ejv Pj h, wPiKvj AmsLK hvM I
wbew`ZcvY jvKi vivB AwaK msLK jvK cwiPvwjZ nqQ| H
wbew`ZcvY jvKwj hLb evwZjcx nq, ZLb mgvR evwZj cwZwZ 25 I 26. Avnjnv`xm cwiwPwZ (XvKv: 98 bIqvecyi ivW, 2q msiY 1983 Bs), ct
97 I 105|

DawatOJihad WWW - Peacelibrary.wapka PDF

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

DawatOJihad WWW - Peacelibrary.wapka PDF

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

1 `vIqvZ I wRnv` 1 2 `vIqvZ I wRnv` 2

DAWAT O JIHAD by Dr. MUHAMMAD ASADULLAH AL-

m~Pxc

3 42 `vIqvZ I wRnv`

nK I evwZj cx`i PviwU i C 2l%

E 2 2/ ar _ $ '

wZwb Zuvi ivm~jK n`vqvZ I mZ xb mn ciY KiQb, hvZ Abvb

Z R E$ H Kb$ A # Z$ 8

* GRb gvwmK AvZ-ZvnixK-Gi `im KziAvb Kjvg cKvwkZ wRnv` I wKZvj

Bmjvgi bvg mKj wkiKx I we`AvZcx msMVb nZ wbRK `~i D

d # Z$ 8 d } d } P = H$

x W @ 6 x N # *

_ ]$ BQ $ 1: R , R Ab Avjvn&i ivm~j (Qvt) Zvi DZK RvgvAvZe Rxeb hvcb,

0 d ( U / _ #5b +$ } @_

Z R E$ H K3$ * 8

- =E V 4 =E H K3$

C(g 1) C3? ($ 2)=

0 45 = &3 . &K

You might also like

DawatOJihad WWW - Peacelibrary.wapka PDF

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

DawatOJihad WWW - Peacelibrary.wapka PDF

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

1 `vIqvZ I wRnv` 1 2 `vIqvZ I wRnv` 2

DAWAT O JIHAD by Dr. MUHAMMAD ASADULLAH AL-

m~Pxc   

3 42 `vIqvZ I wRnv`

nK I evwZj cx`i PviwU i C 2l%

  E 2  2/ ar _ $ '

wZwb Zuvi ivm~jK n`vqvZ I mZ xb mn ciY KiQb, hvZ Abvb

   Z R    E$ H Kb$ A # Z$ 8 

* GRb gvwmK AvZ-ZvnixK-Gi `im KziAvb Kjvg cKvwkZ wRnv` I wKZvj

Bmjvgi bvg mKj wkiKx I we`AvZcx msMVb nZ wbRK `~i D

  d # Z$ 8 d } d } P  = H$     

x W  @ 6 x  N # *

  _ ]$  BQ $  1: R , R  Ab Avjvn&i ivm~j (Qvt) Zvi DZK RvgvAvZe Rxeb hvcb,

0  d ( U / _ #5b  +$   } @_

   Z R   E$ H K3$ * 8 

-   =E  V* 4  =E H K3$ *

C(g 1 ) C3?  ($ 2)=   

0   45 = &3 . &K

You might also like

m~Pxc

3 42 `vIqvZ I wRnv`

nK I evwZj cx`i PviwU i C 2l%

E 2 2/ ar _ $ '

Z R E$ H Kb$ A # Z$ 8

d # Z$ 8 d } d } P = H$

x W @ 6 x N # *

_ ]$ BQ $ 1: R , R Ab Avjvn&i ivm~j (Qvt) Zvi DZK RvgvAvZe Rxeb hvcb,

0 d ( U / _ #5b +$ } @_

Z R E$ H K3$ * 8

- =E V 4 =E H K3$

C(g 1) C3? ($ 2)=

0 45 = &3 . &K