Curriculum On Gender Sensitizaion Workshop For Health Care Providers - Final

¯^v¯’¨‡mevq wb‡qvwRZ e¨w³‡ì †RÛvi ms‡e`bkxjZv ˆZixi j‡ÿ¨ cÖwkÿY KvwiKzjvg
¯^v¯’¨‡mevq wb‡qvwRZ e¨w³‡ì

†RÛvi ms‡e`bkxjZv ‰Zixi j‡ÿ¨
cÖwkÿY KvwiKzjvg
†RÛvi GbwRI †÷K‡nvìvi cvwU©wm‡ckb BDwbU (wRGbGmwcBD)

¯^v¯’¨ I cwievi Kj¨vY gš¿bvjq
As a federal enterprise, GIZ supports the German Government in achieving its objectives in the field of international cooperation for
sustainable development.
This curriculum has been developed under technical support to GNSPU in order to make gender sensitization training standardized. This
document describes 12 sessions with detail methodology, materials and procedures of facilitation.
This document is developed by the support of GIZ Priority Area Health Project.
gyLeÜ
evsjv‡`k †RÛvi mgZv Avbq‡bi j‡ÿ¨ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ DbœwZ mvab K‡i‡Q| bvix AwaKvi iÿvi gva¨‡g †RÛvi
mgZv Avbq‡bi j‡ÿ¨ evsjv‡`k miKvi cÖwZkÖæwZe×| djkÖæwZ‡Z miKv‡ii wewfbœ gš¿Yvj‡qi Kg©cwiKíbv
I †KŠk‡ji g‡a¨ †RÛvi welqwU mwbœ‡ewkZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| †RÛvi mgZv Avbq‡bi j‡ÿ¨ miKvi bZzb AvBb
cÖYqb K‡i‡Q Ges G msµvšÍ cyi‡bv AvB‡bi ms¯‹viI Kiv n‡q‡Q| evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii mv‡_ GKvZ¥Zv cÖKvk
K‡i wewfbœ †emiKvix ms¯’v, `vZv ms¯’v †RÛvi êlg¨ `~i Kivi j‡ÿ¨ wewfbœ cÖKí ev¯Íevqb K‡i P‡j‡Q|
hwÌ †RÛvi welqK mgZv Avbq‡b Avgv‡ì Av‡iv A‡bK c_ cvwo w`‡Z n‡e|
¯^v¯’¨Lv‡Z †RÛvi Bmy¨ wb‡q KvR Kivi j‡ÿ¨ evsjv‡`k miKvi †RÛvi, GbwRI †÷K‡nvìvi cvwU©wm‡ckb
BDwbU (wRGbGmwcBD) bv‡g GKwU BDwbU ¯’vcb K‡i‡Q hvi g~j `vwqZ¡ n‡jv ¯^v¯’¨Lv‡Z †RÛvi welq‡K
ev¯Íevqb Kiv| evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii ¯^v¯’¨ I cwievi Kj¨vY gš¿Yvjq ÒGBPwcGbGmwWwc Ó †m±i †cÖvMÖvg
ev¯Íevqb K‡i P‡j‡Q †hLv‡b †RGbGmwc BDwbU Zv‡ì wbR¯^ Kg©cwiKíbv cÖbqY K‡i‡Q| Kg© cwiKíbv
Abyhvq wRGbGmwcBD cÖwZ eQiB †`‡ki wewfbœ †Rjvq Kg©iZ ¯^v¯’¨‡mev cÖ`vbKvix e¨w³‡ì †RÛvi wel‡q
wewfbœ cÖwkÿY cÖ`vb K‡i _v‡K| wewfbœ cÖwkÿ‡Yi AwfÁZv †_‡K †`Lv hvq †h, GKwU ÷¨vÛvUvBRW
cÖwkÿY KvwiKzjvg bv _vKvi d‡j cÖwkÿYwU D‡Ïk¨ AR©‡b mvg_© nq bv| GB Dcjew×‡Z Ges GB cÖwkÿY‡K
Av‡iv †ekx djcÖm~ Kivi Rb¨ GBwU ÷¨vÛvW© KvwiKzjvg cÖ¯‘‡Zi D‡`¨vM MÖnY Kiv nq| d‡j GB cÖwkÿ‡Yi
gva¨‡g ¯^v¯’¨‡mev cÖ`vbKvixiv wbqgZvwš¿K fv‡e †RÛvi wel‡q Av‡iv †ekx Ávb I AwfÁZv AR©b Ki‡Z
cvi‡e| ¯^v¯’¨‡mev cÖ`v‡bi †ÿ‡Î †mev cÖ`vbKvix e¨w³eM© Av‡iv A‡bK †ekx ms‡e`bkxj n‡Z cv‡i, hv
bvix‡ì ¯^v¯’¨‡mev cÖ`v‡b A‡bK BwZevPK f~wgKv ivL‡e|
GB KvwiKzjv‡g ZË¡MZ I eënvwiK welq¸‡jv‡K we‡klfv‡e mwbœ‡ewkZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| 3 w`‡bi GB cÖwkÿY
KvwiKzjv‡g †gvU 12 wU †mkb Av‡Q, cÖwZw`b 4 wU K‡i †mkb cwiPvjbv Kiv hv‡e| GB KvwiKzjv‡gi cÖwZwU
†mkb ZvwË¡K Av‡jvPbvi wfwË‡Z n‡jI ev¯Íe I cÖv‡qvwMK D`vniY I AwfÁZv‡K mwbœ‡ewkZ Kiv n‡q‡Q|
ZË¡MZ Av‡jvPbvi g‡a¨ we‡kl K‡i bvix‡ì ¯^v¯’¨ AwaKvi, evsjv‡`k msweav‡b bvix‡ì mgZv, wmWI mb`,
RvZxq bvix bxwZgvjv, RvZxq ¯^v¯’¨ bxwZ BZ¨vw` welq‡K ¸iæZ¡ †`qv n‡q‡Q| GQvovI †RÛv‡ii †gŠwjK welq,
†RÛvi Pvwn`v, †RÛvi êlg¨, mvgvwRKxKib, wcZ…Zvwš¿KZv, bvix-cyiæ‡li kÖg wefvRb BZ¨vw` welq‡KI
AšÍf©~³ Kiv n‡q‡Q| gv I wkï ¯^v¯’¨, GBPAvBwf I GBWm, cÖRbb ¯^v¯’¨, bvix evÜe ¯^v¯’¨‡mev †K›`ª, bvixi
cÖwZ mwnsmZv cÖwZ‡iva welqK Av‡jvPbv G KvwiKzjv‡g AšÍf©~³ n‡q‡Q| GB KvwiKzjv‡gi cÖwZwU †mkb
B›Uvi-GKwUf c×wZ‡Z cwiPvwjZ n‡e hv eq¯‹ wkÿ‡Yi †ÿ‡Î Dc‡hvMx n‡e Avkv Kiv hvq|
†gvt Avmv`yj Bmjvg

gnvcwiPvjK
¯^v¯’¨ A_©bxwZ wefvM
¯^v¯’¨ I cwievi Kj¨vY gš¿bvjq
m~wPcÎ
gwWDj cwiwPwZ
cÖwkÿbm~wP 06
gwWDj e¨venvi welqK wKQy civgk© 08
D‡×vab I m~Pbv ce© 10
bvix-cyiæl ¯^v¯’¨ mgZv I AwaKvi wel‡q RvZxq I AvšÍRvwZ©K wfwË

I evaëvaKZvmg~n
evsjv‡`‡ki msweav‡b bvix-cyiæl ¯^v¯’¨ AwaKvi I mgZv 14
wm‡Wv (CEDAW) mb‡` bvix I ¯^v¯’¨ 17
RvZxq bvix Dbœqb bxwZ 2011 Ges bvix I ¯^v¯’¨ 18
RvZxq ¯^v¯’¨bxwZ 2011 Ges bvix-cyiæl ¯^v¯’¨ mgZv 19
†RÛvi welqK †gŠwjK aviYvmg~n

†RÛvi I †m· 25
†RÛvi êlg¨ I Zvi djvdj 30
mvgvwRKxKiY cÖwµqv 35
wcZ„Zvwš¿KZv 41
†RÛvi Pvwn`v 44
†RÛvi mgZv I mvg¨ 48
†RÛvi kªg wefvM 51
†RÛvi ms‡e`bkxjZv 54
¯^v¯’¨ I †RÛvi
bvix I cyiæ‡li ¯^v¯’¨‡mev Pvwn`v, AwfMg¨Zv I my‡hvM we‡kølY 58
cÖRbb, Mf©eZ©x I cÖm~wZ g‡qi ¯^v¯’¨ I Zvi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z †RÛvi †cÖwÿZmg~n 64
cvwievwiK ¯^v¯’¨ I cywó I Zvi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z †RÛvi †cÖwÿZmg~n 71
eq:mwÜKvjxb ¯^v¯’¨ I Zvi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z †RÛvi †cÖwÿZmg~n 73
GBPAvBwf GBWm& I Zvi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z †RÛvi †cÖwÿZmg~n 76

†RÛvi ms‡e`bkxj ¯^v¯’¨‡mev †K›`ª 78
bvix wbh©vZb, KviY I cÖwZKv‡i mvgvwRKfv‡e KiYxq

bvix wbh©vZb I cvwievwiK mwnsmZv 82
bvix wbh©vZb welqK wKQz Z_¨ (RvZxq I AvšÍR©vwZK) 87
bvix wbh©vZ‡bi KviY 91
bvix wbh©vZb cÖwZ‡iv‡a mvgvwRKfv‡e KiYxq 93
bvix wbh©vZb I Rb¯^v¯’¨ mgm¨v

bvix wbh©vZ‡bi Kzdj I Rb¯^v¯’¨ mgm¨v 94
bvix wbh©vZb cÖwZ‡iv‡a I wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi bvixi †mevq ¯^v¯’¨LvZ 97
 bxwZ wba©viY ch©v‡q
 ev¯Íevqb ch©v‡q
wbh©vwZZ bvix Av`vj‡Z mywePvi cÖwß‡Z ¯^v¯’¨ Kg©KZ©vi f~wgKv

wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi bvixi mywePvi cÖvwß‡Z ¯^v¯’¨ Kg©KZ©v KZ…©K- 99
 †iKW© I AvjvgZ msiÿY Ges
 cÖwZ‡e`b cÖ¯‘Z|
mgvcbx
mvivw`‡bi Av‡jvPbvi c~Y:¯§iY 107
mgvcwb e³e¨
cÖwkÿbm~wP
1g w`b
Awa‡ekb mgq g~j-Av‡jvP¨ welq Dc-Av‡jvP¨ welq
bs
01 09:00-10:15 D‡×vab I m~Pbv ce© - ï‡f”Qv Ávcb I D‡Øvab
- cwiwPwZKiY
- RoZv †gvPb
- cÖZ¨vkv Rvbv
- cÖwkÿ‡Yi D‡Ïk¨ eY©bv
10:15-10:30 Pv weiwZ
02 10:30-11:30 bvix-cyiæl ¯^v¯’¨ mgZv - evsjv‡`‡ki msweav‡b bvix-cyiæl ¯^v¯’¨ AwaKvi
I AwaKvi wel‡q I mgZv|
RvZxq I AvšÍRvwZ©K - wm‡Wv (CEDAW) mb‡` bvix I ¯^v¯’¨|
wfwË I - RvZxq bvix Dbœqb bxwZ 2011 Ges bvix I
evaëvaKZvmg~n ¯^v¯’¨|
- RvZxq ¯^v¯’¨bxwZ 2011 Ges bvix-cyiæl ¯^v¯’¨
mgZv|
11:30-01:00 †RÛvi welqK †gŠwjK - †RÛvi I †m·
aviYvmg~n - †RÛvi êlg¨ I Zvi djvdj
01:00-02:00 ga¨v‎ý weiwZ

03 02:00-03:30 †RÛvi welqK †gŠwjK - mvgvwRKxKiY cÖwµqv
aviYvmg~n - wcZ„Zvwš¿KZv
03:30-03:45 Pv weiwZ
04 03:45-04:30 †RÛvi welqK †gŠwjK - †RÛvi Pvwn`v
aviYvmg~n - †RÛvi mgZv I mvg¨
2q w`b
05 09:00-10:30 wd‡i †`Lv - Av‡Mi w`‡bi Av‡jvPbv c~Y:¯§iY
10:30-10:45 Pv weiwZ
06 10:45-11:00 †RÛvi welqK †gŠwjK - †RÛvi kªg wefvM
aviYvmg~n - †RÛvi ms‡e`bkxjZv
11:00-12:15 ¯^v¯’¨ I †RÛvi - bvix I cyiæ‡li ¯^v¯’¨‡mev Pvwn`v, AwfMg¨Zv I
my‡hvM we‡kølY
12:15-01:00 ¯^v¯’¨ I †RÛvi - cÖRbb, Mf©eZ©x I cÖm~wZ g‡qi ¯^v¯’¨ I Zvi

mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z †RÛvi †cÖwÿZmg~n
01:00-02:00 ga¨v‎ý weiwZ

07 02:00-03:15 ¯^v¯’¨ I †RÛvi - cvwievwiK ¯^v¯’¨ I cywó I Zvi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z
†RÛvi †cÖwÿZmg~n
- eq:mwÜKvjxb ¯^v¯’¨ I Zvi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z
06
†RÛvi †cÖwÿZmg~n
- GBPAvBwf GBWm& I Zvi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z †RÛvi
†cÖwÿZmg~n
03:15-03:30 Pv weiwZ
08 03:30-04:30 ¯^v¯’¨ I †RÛvi - †RÛvi ms‡e`bkxj ¯^v¯’¨‡mev †K›`ª
3q w`b
09 09:00-10:15 wd‡i †`Lv - Av‡Mi w`‡bi Av‡jvPbv c~Y:¯§iY
10:15-10:30 Pv weiwZ
10 10:30-12:00 bvix wbh©vZb, KviY I - bvix wbh©vZb I cvwievwiK mwnsmZv
cÖwZKv‡i mvgvwRKfv‡e - bvix wbh©vZb welqK wKQz Z_¨ (RvZxq I
KiYxq AvšÍRv© wZK
- bvix wbh©vZ‡bi KviY
- bvix wbh©vZb cÖwZ‡iv‡a mvgvwRKfv‡e KiYxq|
12:00-01:00 bvix wbh©vZb I Rb¯^v¯’¨ - bvix wbh©vZ‡bi Kzdj I Rb¯^v¯’¨ mgm¨v

mgm¨v - bvix wbh©vZb cÖwZ‡iv‡a I wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi
bvixi †mevq ¯^v¯’¨LvZ-
o bxwZ wba©viY ch©v‡q
o ev¯Íevqb ch©v‡q|
01:00-02:00 ga¨v‎ý weiwZ
11 02:00-03:30 wbh©vwZZ bvix Av`vj‡Z - Pjgvb (c~‡e©i Awa‡ekb)
mywePvi cÖwß‡Z ¯^v¯’¨ - wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi bvixi mywePvi cÖvwß‡Z ¯^v¯’¨
Kg©KZ©vi f~wgKv Kg©KZ©v KZ…©K-
o †iKW© I AvjvgZ msiÿY Ges
o cÖwZ‡e`b cÖ¯Z‘ |
03:30-03:45 Pv weiwZ
12 03:45-04:30 mgvcbx - mvivw`‡bi Av‡jvPbvi c~Y:¯§iY
- mgvcwb e³e¨|
07
gwWDj e¨venvi welqK wKQy civgk©
1. †RÛvi GKwU mvgvwRK welq hv wb‡q AskMÖnYKvix‡ì K_v ejv‡bv KwVb wKQy bq|
AskMÖnYKvixiv K_v ejvi gZ cwi‡ek †c‡j Aek¨B K_v ej‡eb GB mZ¨wU wek¦vm Ki‡Z
n‡e|
2. cÖwk¶‡Y hvIqvi Av‡M cÖwk¶‡Yi welq Abyhvqx GB wb‡`©wkKvq †`qv welqmg~n evi evi c‡o
wb‡Z n‡e| cÖ¯‘wZ AvZœwek¦vm evovq Avi cÖ¯‘wZi Afve `¶ mvnvqK‡KI †mkb mnvqZvq A`¶
K‡i cwiwPZ K‡i Zzj‡Z cv‡i| ZvB cÖ¯‘wZi †Kvb weKí †bB|
3. KLbI †Kvb fyj Z_¨ †`qv wVK n‡e bv| g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e GKevi †Kvb fyj cÖgvwYZ n‡j
cÖwk¶Yv_©x‡ì Kv‡Q Avcbvi MÖnY‡hvM¨Zv A‡bK K‡g hv‡e| †Kvb wel‡q mwVK Z_¨ Rvbv bv
_vK‡j mwVK Z_¨ †R‡b wb‡q c‡i Zv AskMÖnYKvix‡ì Rvbv‡Z n‡e|
4. mKj AskMÖnYKvixi gvbwmK Ae¯’v †evSvi †Póv Ki‡Z n‡e| †Kb Abgb¯‹ ev †Kb PzcPvc
Zvi cÖK…Z KviY Lyu‡R Zv mgvav‡bi †Póv Ki‡Z n‡e| mK‡ji gh©v`v eRvq †i‡L †mkb
cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z n‡e|
5. cÖ‡kœvËi I K‡_vcK_‡bi gva¨‡g cÖwk¶‡Yi welqe¯‘ I cÖZ¨vwkZ djvd‡j †cŠQv‡bvi †Póv

Ki‡Z n‡e| mnR fvlvq K_v ej‡Z n‡e| mnR fvlv eënvi †mkb‡K cÖvbešÍ K‡i|
6. cÖ‡kœvËi I K‡_vcK_b `yÕGKRb AskMÖnYKixi gv‡S mxgve× bv †i‡L Zv‡Z †hb mevB Ask
wb‡Z cv‡i Zv wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e| hviv †ekx K_v ej‡Qb Zv‡ì‡K †KŠk‡j Kg K_v ejv‡Z
n‡e Ges hviv PzcPvc Av‡Qb ev Kg K_v ej‡Qb Zv‡ì‡K K_v ej‡Z DrmvwnZ Ki‡Z n‡e|
7. Av‡jvPbv, cÖ‡kœvËi I K‡_vcK_‡bi mgq Avcwb wb‡R Ab¨gb¯‹ n‡eb bv Ges

AskMÖnYKvix‡ì‡KI Ab¨gb¯‹ n‡Z †`‡eb bv| Ab¨gb¯‹ AskMÖnYKvix‡ì g‡bv‡hvM wdwi‡q
Avbvi e¨vcv‡i m‡Pó _vK‡Z n‡e|
8. cÖwk¶‡Yi wel‡qi mv‡_ wgj Av‡Q Ggb AwZ cwiwPZ D`vniY eënvi Ki‡Z n‡e|
D`vniY¸‡jvi g‡a¨ êwPÎ¨ I im‡eva Avbvi †Póv Ki‡Z n‡e|
9. bvix AskMÖnYKvix‡ì Av‡jvPbvq m¤ú„³ Kivi Rb¨ we‡kl D‡Ï¨vM MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e|
10. cÖwk¶Y cwi‡ek cÖvbešÍ ivL‡Z n‡e| wb‡R nvwm Lywk _vK‡Z n‡e Ges cÖwk¶‡Yi gva¨‡g mnR
wKš‘ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© fve dzwU‡q Zzj‡Z n‡e|
08
11. Avcwb ej‡eb Kg ïb‡eb †ekx| g‡b ivL‡eb Avcbvi kªeb `¶ZvB cv‡i mK‡ji K_v ejv
wbwðZ Ki‡Z| Zv‡ì K_v g‡bv‡hvM w`‡q ïb‡Qb bv Ggb g‡b n‡j Zviv Avi K_v ej‡Z
PvB‡e bv| cÖkœ Kivi `¶Zv eënvi Kiæb| mywbw`©ó K‡i cÖkœ Kiæb hv‡Z Zv Avcbvi wb‡Ri
A‡bK K_vi gv‡S nvwi‡q bv hvq|
12. cÖwk¶‡Yi GK‡N‡qgx `~i Ki‡Z gv‡S g‡a¨ †Ljv, Mvb, KweZv BZ¨vwì gva¨‡g Avb›` w`‡Z
cv‡ib| D‡jøL¨ †h, wk¶Y Av‡Q Ggb †Ljv eq¯‹ wk¶vq †ekx fvj djvdj e‡q Av‡b|
13. cÖwZwU cvV †k‡l mnvqK AskMÖnYKvix‡ì cÖkœ K‡i wbwðZ n‡eb wk¶Y¸‡jv AskMÖnYKvixMY
KZUv eyS‡Z cvi‡jb| †Kv_vI `~e©jZv Av‡Q g‡b n‡j cÖ‡qvR‡b cybivq ms‡ÿ‡c welqwU
Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z n‡e|
14. cÖwk¶‡Yi welqe¯‘ gyL¯Í ivLvi †P‡q †hb ü`qv½g nq †mw`‡K j¶¨ ivL‡Z n‡e|
15. cÖwk¶Y PjvKvjxb mg‡q AskMÖnYKvix‡ì AwfÁZv g‡bv‡hvM w`‡q ïb‡Z n‡e Ges Zv‡ì
AwfÁZv Av‡jvPbvq Avbvi Rb¨ DrmvwnZ Ki‡Z n‡e|
16. `jxq KvR PjvKvjxb mg‡q Ny‡i Ny‡i Zv‡ì KvR †`L‡eb| `jxq KvR mwVK w`‡K cÖevwnZ
Kivi Rb¨ mnvqZv Ki‡eb| Z‡e †Kvb DËi e‡j w`‡eb bv|
17. GB gwWD‡j wewfbœ Awa‡ek‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq bgybv møvBW ˆZix K‡i †`qv Av‡Q| Dc¯’vcbvi
myweav‡_© GKwU møvBW †f‡½ GKvwaK møvB‡W iƒcvšÍi Kiv †h‡ZB cv‡i|
09
Awa‡ekbt GK
wk‡ivbvg: m~Pbv ce©|
D‡Ïk¨:
GB Awa‡ekb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY:
 ci¯ú‡ii mv‡_ cwiwPZ n‡eb|

 cÖwk¶Y cÖZ¨vkv Rvbv‡eb|
 cÖwk¶Y D‡Ïk¨vejx Rvb‡eb|
Av‡jvP¨ welq:
 ï‡f”Qv Ávcb|
 ci¯úi cwiwPwZKiY|
 RoZv †gvPb|
 cÖwk¶Y cÖZ¨vkv Rvbv|
 cÖwk¶Y D‡Ïk¨ Rvbv‡bv|
mgq: 75 wgwbU
c×wZ: e³…Zv, †Ljv, gy³ Av‡jvPbv I Dc¯’vcbv|
DcKiY: AvU© jvBbvi, wfc †evW©, †Mgm& mxU (AskMÖnYKvixi msL¨v Abyhvqx), wd¬cPvU© †ccvi, møvBW|
cÖwµqv:
1. ï‡f”Qv Ávcb (mgq 20 wgwbU)
o ïiæ‡ZB AskMÖnYKvix‡ì GB cÖwk¶‡b Dcw¯’Z _vK‡Z cvivi Rb¨ ï‡f”Qv Rvbvb| ejyb GB
cÖwk¶YwU Av‡qvRb Kiv n‡q‡Q g~jZ: †RÛvi ms‡e`bkxj ¯^v¯’¨‡mev wel‡q AskMÖnYKvix‡ì Ávb
I `¶Zv e„w×i gva¨‡g ¯^v¯’¨‡mevq †RÛvi ms‡e`bkxjZv welqwU‡K Av‡iv †ewk †Rvi`vi Kivi
cÖZ¨vkvq| †h‡nZz †RÛvi ms‡e`bkxj ¯^v¯’¨‡mev welqwU ¯^v¯’¨Lv‡Z bZzb bq myZivs Avgiv wek¦vm
Kwi mKj AskMÖnYKvixiB G wel‡q wKQy bv wKQy aviYv i‡q‡Q| Avevi GwU Ggb †Kvb RwUj
welqI bq †h G wel‡q Av‡Mi †_‡K wKQy Rvbv bv _vK‡j welqwU wb‡q Av‡jvPbvq AskMÖnY Kiv
hv‡e bv| Avi ZvB Avgiv wek¦vm Kwi GB cÖwk¶‡Y AskMÖnYKvix‡ì AwfÁZv I gZvgZmg~n
Av‡jvwPZ nIqv LyeB Riæix| myZvivs Avkv KiwQ GB cÖwk¶‡Y AvcbvivB wk¶Y cÖwµqvq g~j
10
f~wgKv cvjb Ki‡eb| G ch©v‡q D‡×vab I ï‡f”Qv e³e¨ †èvi Rb¨ Av‡Mi †_‡K wbe©vwPZ
e¨w³‡K Avgš¿Y Rvbvb|
2. ci¯úi cwiwPwZKiY (mgq 20 wgwbU)
o cÖwk¶Yv_©x‡ì Kv‡Q Rvb‡Z Pvb †h Zviv cwiPq c‡e© wK wK welq m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z Pvb (DËi Avm‡Z
cv‡i bvg, cèx, Kg©¯’j, †`‡ki evwo, BZ¨vw`)|
o cÖwk¶Yv_©x‡ì DËi¸wj wd¬cPv‡U©/ †ev‡W© wjLyb|
o cÖ_‡g wb‡Ri cwiPq w`b Ges Zvi c‡i Wvb w`K †_‡K GKRb GKRb K‡i wb‡Ri Ae¯’v‡b e‡m
wd¬cPv‡U© wjwLZ wel‡q cwiPq w`‡Z Aby‡iva Kiæb|
o mK‡ji cwiPq †`qv †kl n‡j mKj‡K abëv` w`‡q GB c‡e©i BwZ Uvbyb|
3. RoZv †gvPb (mgq 15 wgwbU)
o GB ch©v‡q ejyb GLb Avgiv GKwU gRvi †Ljv †Lj‡ev| AskMÖnYKvix‡ì cÖ‡Z¨K‡K GKwU K‡i
Awa‡ekb-1, †MBgm-1 kxU w`b| kx‡U †`qv wb‡`©kbv¸‡jv co‡Z ejyb| Zv‡ì cov n‡q †M‡j
Zviv wK ey‡S‡Q Zv Rvb‡Z Pvb| cÖ‡qvR‡b wb‡R †Ljvi cÖwµqvwU e¨vL¨v Kiæb| Gev‡i †LjvwU
m¤úbœ Kivi Rb¨ 05 wgwbU mgq w`b| ejyb whwb mev©waK Ni c~iY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb Zvi Rb¨ GKwU
cyi¯‹v‡ii eë¯’v i‡q‡Q|
o †Ljv †k‡l †K me©vwaK Ni c~ib Ki‡Z †c‡i‡Q Zv Rvb‡Z Pvb| whwb mev©waK Ni c~iY Ki‡Qb
Zv‡K GK c¨v‡KU PK‡jU Dcnvi w`b| wZwb †hb mKj‡K PK‡jU¸‡jv weZib K‡i †`b †m e¨cv‡i
Zv‡K DrmvwnZ Kiæb| mKj AskMÖnYKviix‡ì †Ljvq Ask †bevi Rb¨ abëv` w`‡q c‡ii c‡e©
cÖ‡ek Kiæb|
3. cÖwk¶Y cÖZ¨vkv Rvbv (mgq 10 wgwbU)
o AskMÖnYKvix‡ì wbKU GB cÖwk¶Y n‡Z Zviv wK wK cÖZ¨vkv Ki‡Q Zv Rvb‡Z Pvb| Zv‡ì
gZvgZ¸‡jv GKwU wd¬cPvU© †ccv‡i wjLyb| Zv‡ì gZvgZ Rvbv n‡q wd¬cPvU© †ccviwU †`qv‡j ev
wfc †ev‡W© Szwj‡q w`b|
4. cÖwk¶Y D‡Ïk¨ eY©bv (mgq 10 wgwbU)
o AskMÖnYKvix‡ì mvg‡b Awa‡ekb-1, ¯øvBW-1 cÖ`k©b Kiæb Ges we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g
cÖwk¶‡Yi D‡Ïk¨vejx Rvwb‡q w`b|
G ch©v‡q mKj‡K Pv weiwZi Rb¨ Avgš¿Y Rvbvb| Pv cv‡bi Rb¨ eivÏK„Z mgq m¤ú‡K© mKj‡K
Aek¨B AewnZ Ki‡eb|
11
Awa‡ekb-1, †MBgm-1
†Mgm mxU
wb‡`©kbvejx:
 wb‡¤œi welq¸‡jv‡Z Avcbvi mv‡_ Kvi †KvbwU‡Z wgj i‡q‡Q Zv‡K Lyu‡R †ei Kiæb Ges †mB N‡i
cQ›`wU wK I Kvi mv‡_ wg‡j‡Q Zvi bvg wjLyb|
 GKR‡bi mv‡_ G‡Ki AwaK welq †gjv‡bv hv‡e bv|
welq: cQ‡›ì dzj welq: cQ‡›ì dj
dz‡ji bvg: d‡ji bvg:
hvi mv‡_ wg‡j‡Q Zvi bvg hvi mv‡_ wg‡j‡Q Zvi bvg
welq: cQ‡›ì msMxZ wkíx welq: cQ‡›ì FZz
msMxZ wkíxi bvg: FZzi bvg:
hvi mv‡_ wg‡j‡Q Zvi bvg: hvi mv‡_ wg‡j‡Q Zvi bvg
welq: cQ‡›ì bvU¨ wkíx welq: cQ‡›ì is (Kvjvi)
bvU¨ wkíxi bvg: is'‡qi bvg:
welq: cQ‡›ì Kwe welq: cQ‡›ì wµ‡KUvi
Kwei bvg wµ‡KUv‡ii bvg
12
Awa‡ekb-1, ¯øvBW-1
cÖwk¶Y D‡Ïk¨
GB cÖwk¶Y †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixiv:
o evsjv‡`k msweavb, wm‡Wv mb`, RvZxq bvix Dbœqb bxwZ 2011, I RvZxq ¯^v¯’¨bxwZ 2011 †Z
bvix-cyiæl ¯^v¯’¨ AwaKvi I ¯^v¯’¨ mgZv welq¸‡jv we‡kølb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
o †RÛvi I †m‡·i g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ wbiæcY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
o †RÛvi êl‡gï mvaviY I ¯^v¯’¨ cÖfve¸‡jv wbY©q Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
o mvgvwRKxKib cÖwµqv wKfv‡e Avgv‡ì †RÛvi cÖfv‡e cÖfvweZ K‡i Zv we‡kølb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
o †RÛvi mgZv, mvg¨, Pvwn`v, m¤úK© I kªgwefvM wKfv‡e bvix Dbœqb Ges bvix-cyiæl ¯^v¯’¨ mgZvi
mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z Zv we‡kølY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
o cvwievwiK¯^v¯’¨, cÖRbb¯^v¯’¨, gvZ…¯^v¯’¨, wkï¯^v¯’¨ Ges eq:mwÜKvjxb ¯^v¯’¨ I †m¸‡jvi †RÛvi

†cÖwÿZ¸‡jv wPw‎ýZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
o bvix wbh©vZb mgm¨vwU †Kb GKwU Rb¯^v¯’¨ mgm¨v Zvi KviY wbY©q Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
o †RÛvi ms‡e`bkxj ¯^v¯’¨‡mevi Dcvq wbiƒcY I aviY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
13
Awa‡ekb-`yB (GK)
wk‡ivbvg: bvix-cyiæl ¯^v¯’¨ mgZv I AwaKvi wel‡q RvZxq I AvšÍRvwZ©K wfwË I evaëvaKZvmg~n|
D‡Ïk¨:
AskMÖnYKvixMY:
 evsjv‡`k msweavb, wm‡Wv mb`, RvZxq bvix Dbœqb bxwZ 2011, I RvZxq ¯^v¯’¨bxwZ 2011 †Z bvix-cyiæl
¯^v¯’¨ AwaKvi I ¯^v¯’¨ mgZv welq¸‡jv we‡kølb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
Av‡jvP¨ welq:
 evsjv‡`‡ki msweav‡b bvix-cyiæl ¯^v¯’¨ AwaKvi I mgZv|

 wm‡Wv (CEDAW) mb‡` bvix I ¯^v¯’¨|
 RvZxq bvix Dbœqb bxwZ 2011 Ges bvix I ¯^v¯’¨|
 RvZxq ¯^v¯’¨bxwZ 2011 Ges bvix-cyiæl ¯^v¯’¨ mgZv|
mgq: 60 wgwbU
c×wZ: eo `‡j we‡kølY, Db¥y³ Av‡jvPbv I Dc¯’vcbv|
DcKiY: møvBW, gvK©vi Ges †evW©|
cÖwµqv:
1. evsjv‡`‡ki msweav‡b bvix-cyiæl ¯^v¯’¨ AwaKvi I mgZv (mgq 15 wgwbU)
o AskMÖnYKvix‡ì ejyb †h Avgiv †h‡nZz ¯^v¯’¨‡mevq †RÛvi ms‡e`bkxjZv wel‡q cÖwkÿY KiwQ ZvB
ïiæ‡ZB Avgv‡ì Av‡jvPbv K‡i †bqv DwPZ bvix-cyiæl ¯^v¯’¨ AwaKvi wel‡q RvZxq I AvšÍRvwZ©K wfwË I
evaëvaKZv¸‡jv wK wK| mg‡qi ¯^íZvi Kvi‡Y nqZ Avgiv me¸‡jv wfwË I evaëvaKZv wb‡q we¯ÍvwiZ
Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z cvi‡ev bv wKšÍy GKwU †gŠwjK aviYv ˆZix‡Z evsjv‡`k msweavb, wm‡Wv mb`, RvZxq bvix
Dbœqb bxwZ 2011 Ges RvZxq ¯^v¯’¨ bxwZ 2011 †Z bvix-cyiæl ¯^v¯’¨ AwaKvi I mgZv wel‡q hv wKQz
A½xKvi Kiv n‡q‡Q Zv wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z cvwi|
o G ch©v‡q AskMÖnYKvix‡ì Kv‡Q evsjv‡`k msweav‡b bvix-cyiæl ¯^v¯’¨ AwaKvi I mgZvi wel‡q wK ejv
n‡q‡Q †m wel‡q Rvb‡Z Pvb|
o Zv‡ì gZvgZ¸‡jv g‡bv‡hvM mnKv‡i ïbyb| cÖ‡qvR‡b †ev‡W© c‡q›UvKv‡i †bvU ivLyb|
o Zv‡ì gZvgZ †`qv †kl n‡j gvwëwgwWqvq Awa‡ekb-2.1, møvBW-1 cÖ`k©b Kiæb Ges we¯ÍvwiZ
e¨vL¨v`v‡bi gva¨‡g wkÿY wbwðZ Kiæb|
14
2. wm‡Wv mb‡` bvix I ¯^v¯’¨ (mgq 15 wgwbU)
o AskMÖnYKvix‡ì Kv‡Q wm‡Wv mb‡` bvix I ¯^v¯’¨ wel‡q wK ejv n‡q‡Q †m wel‡q Rvb‡Z Pvb|
3. RvZxq bvix Dbœqb bxwZ 2011 Ges bvix I ¯^v¯’¨ (mgq 15 wgwbU)
o AskMÖnYKvix‡ì Kv‡Q RvZxq bvix Dbœqb bxwZ 2011 †Z bvix I ¯^v¯’¨wel‡q wK ejv n‡q‡Q †m wel‡q
Rvb‡Z Pvb|
o Zv‡ì gZvgZ¸‡jv g‡bv‡hvM mnKv‡i ïbyb| cÖ‡qvR‡b †ev‡W© c‡q›U AvKv‡i †bvU ivLyb|
4. RvZxq ¯^v¯’¨ bxwZ 2011 Ges bvix I ¯^v¯’¨ (mgq 15 wgwbU)
o AskMÖnYKvix‡ì Kv‡Q RvZxq ¯^v¯’¨ bxwZ 2011 †Z bvix I ¯^v¯’¨wel‡q wK ejv n‡q‡Q †m wel‡q Rvb‡Z
Pvb|
15
Awa‡ekb-2.1, møvBW-1
evsjv‡`‡ki msweav‡b bvix-cyiæl ¯^v¯’¨ AwaKvi I mgZv

Aby‡”Q`-15(K):
bvMwiK‡ì Rb¨ Abœ, e¯¿, Avkªq, wkÿv I wPwKrmvmn Rxebavi‡Yi †gŠwjK DcKi‡Yi
eë¯’v Kiv iv‡óªi Ab¨Zg †gŠwjK `vwqZ¡|
Aby‡”Q`-18(1):
RbM‡Yi cywói ¯Íi-Dbœqb I Rb¯^v‡¯’ï DbœwZ mvab iv‡óªi Ab¨Zg cÖv_wgK KZ©e¨|
Aby‡”Q`-19(1):
mKj bvMwi‡Ki Rb¨ my‡hv‡Mi mgZv wbðZ Kwi‡Z ivóª m‡Pó n‡eb|
Aby‡”Q`-28(2):
ivóª I MYRxe‡bi me©¯Í‡i bvix cyiæ‡li mgvb AwaKvi jvf Ki‡eb|
16
wm‡Wv (CEDAW) mb‡` bvix I ¯^v¯’¨

aviv: 5 (L)
gvZ…Z¡‡K GKwU mvgvwRK KvR Ges mšÍvb cÖwZcvjb I Dbœq‡bi R‡b¨ bvix-cyiæ‡li Awfbœ
`vwq‡Z¡i ¯^xK…wZi welqwU hv‡Z cvwievwiK wkÿvq AšÍfy©³ Kiv nq Zvnv wbwðZ KivÑ GB †¶‡Î
wkï‡ì ¯^v_©B g~j we‡eP¨ welq nB‡e|
aviv : 10 (R)
cvwievwiK ¯^v¯’¨ I Kj¨vY wbwðZ Kwievi D‡Ï‡k¨ cwievi cwiKíbv m¤úwK©Z Z_¨ I civgk©mn
wbw`©ó wk¶vg~jK Z_¨ cvIqvi my‡hvM m„wó|
aviv : 11 (1P)
Kg©‡ÿ‡Îi cÖK…Z cwi‡ek ¯^v¯’¨myiÿvg~jK I wbivc` ivLv Ges cÖRbb ¯^v‡¯’ï c‡¶ ¶wZKi I
nvwbKi bv nIqvi cwi‡ek wbwðZ Kiv|
aviv : 11 (2N)
Mf©Kvjxb mg‡q †hBme KvR ¶wZKi †mB¸wj †_‡K Zv‡ì‡K weiZ ivLv|
aviv : 12 (1)
¯^v¯’¨‡mev †¶‡Î bvixi cÖwZ êlg¨ `~i Kivi Rb¨ ivóª mKj Dchy³ eë¯’v MÖnY Ki‡e hv‡Z K‡i
bvix I cyiæl mgZvi wfwË‡Z ¯^v¯’¨‡mevq AwfMg¨Zvi my‡hvM cvq Ges cwievi cwiKíbv
m¤úwK©Z †mev cvIqvi myweav †fvM Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
aviv : 12 (2)
D‡jøwLZ Aby‡”Q` (1) ewY©Z eë¯’vw` QvovI kwiK ivóªmg~‡n bvixi Mf©Kvjxb mg‡q Ges mšÍvb
Rb¥`v‡bi c‡i Dchy³ eë¯’vw`mn Mf©ve¯’vq I wkï‡K gv‡qi `y»`vb PjvKv‡j ch©vß cywói
eë¯’v Ges cÖ‡qvRbxq †¶‡Î webvg~‡j¨ †mev cÖ`v‡bi wbðqZv weavb Ki‡Z n‡e|
17
RvZxq bvix Dbœqb bxwZ 2011 Ges bvix I ¯^v¯’¨

RvZxq bvix Dbœqb bxwZi jÿ¨-16.13:
bvixi ¯^v‡¯’ï AbyK~j cÖhyw³ D™¢veb I Avg`vwb Kiv Ges bvix ¯^v_© we‡ivax cÖhyw³i eënvi wbwl×
Kiv|
bvixi my¯^v¯’¨ I cywó wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨ Dchy³ eë¯’v wbwðZ Kiv|
GQvov 34 bs Aby‡”Q‡` bvix ¯^v¯’¨ I cywó wel‡q ejv n‡q‡Q:
34.1 bvixi Rxeb P‡µi mKj ch©v‡q h_v, ˆkke, ˆK‡kvi, †hŠeb Mf©Kvjxb mg‡q Ges e„× eq‡m
cywó, m‡e©v”P gv‡bi kvixwiK I gvbwmK ¯^v¯’¨ jv‡fi AwaKvi wbwðZ Kiv|
34.2 bvixi Rb¨ cÖv_wgK ¯^v¯’¨‡mev kw³kvjx Kiv|
34.3 gvZ…g„Zz¨ I wkï g„Zzï nvi n«vm Kiv|
34.4 GBWm †ivMmn mKj NvZK e¨vwa cÖwZ‡iva Kiv we‡klZ: Mf©Kvjxb ¯^v¯’¨mn bvixi ¯^v¯’¨
m¤úwK©Z M‡elYv Kiv Ges ¯^v¯’¨ welqK Z‡_ï cÖPvi I m‡PZbZv e„w× Kiv|
34.5 bvixi cywó welqK wkÿv I cÖwkÿY cÖ`vb Kiv|
34.6 RbmsL¨v cwiKíbv cÖYqb I ev¯Íevq‡bi †ÿ‡Î bvixi cÖRbb ¯^v¯’¨ I cÖRbb AwaKv‡ii welqwU
we‡ePbvq ivLv|
34.7 weï× wbivc` cvbxq Rj I cq: wb¯‹vkb eë¯’vq bvixi cÖ‡qvR‡bi Dci we‡kl ¸iæZ¡ †`qv|
34.8 D‡jøwLZ mKj †mevi cwiKíbv, weZiY Ges msiÿ‡Y bvixi AskMÖnY wbwðZ Kiv|
34.9 cwievi cwiKíbv I mšÍvb MÖn‡Yi wm×v‡šÍi †ÿ‡Î cyiæl I bvixi mgvb AwaKvi wbwðZ Kiv|
34.10 bvixi ¯^v¯’¨, wkïi kvixwiK I gvbwmK e„w×, Rš§-wbqš¿‡Y mvnvh¨, Kg©¯’‡j gvÕi Kg©`ÿZv
evov‡bv I gvZ…evÜe Kg© cwi‡ek wbwðZ Kivi j‡ÿ¨ gv‡qi ey‡Ki `y‡ai DcKvwiZvi c‡ÿ
h‡_vchy³ c`‡ÿc MÖnY Kiv|
34.11 gv‡qi `ya wkïi AwaKvi, GB AwaKvi (Qq gvm ïaygvÎ ey‡Ki `ya) wbwðZ Kivi j‡ÿ¨ wkï
cÖm‡ei mgq †_‡K cieZ©x 6 gvm QzwU‡fv‡Mi Rb¨ AvBb cÖYqb I ev¯Íevqb Kiv Ges
gvZ…Z¡RwbZ cÖ‡qvRbxq QzwU cÖ`vb Kiv|
(we `ª: GLbI ch©šÍ bvix Dbœqb bxwZ 2011 Gi ev¯Íevqb Kvh©Ki Kiv nqwb|)
18
RvZxq ¯^v¯’¨bxwZ 2011 Ges bvix-cyiæl ¯^v¯’¨ mgZv

RvZxq ¯^v¯’¨bxwZi mywbw`©ó D‡Ïk¨-1:
mevi Rb¨ cÖv_wgK ¯^v¯’¨ I Riæix wPwKrmv †mev cÖvc¨Zv wbwðZ Kiv|
mgZvi wfwË‡Z †mevMÖnxZv †K›`ªxK gvbm¤§Z ¯^v¯’¨‡mevi mnRcÖvc¨Zv e„w× I we¯Í…Z
Kiv|
†ivM-cÖwZ‡iva I mxwgZKi‡Yi Rb¨ AwaKvi I gh©v`vi wfwË‡Z †mev MÖn‡Y RbMY‡K
DØy× Kiv|
RvZxq ¯^v¯’¨bxwZi g~j jÿ¨-3:

cÖv_wgK ¯^v¯’¨‡mev‡K cÖ‡Z¨K bvMwi‡Ki Rb¨ wbwðZ Kivi j‡ÿ¨ cÖwZ Qq nvRvi
Rb‡Mvwôi Rb¨ GKwU K‡i KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK ¯’vcb wbwðZ Kiv|
wkï I gvZ…g„Zz¨ nvi n«vm Kiv, we‡kl K‡i ¯^vaxbZvi cÂvk eQi c~wZ©‡Z AvMvgx 2021
mv‡ji g‡a¨ G nvi‡K hyw³msMZ nv‡i n«vm Kiv|
AvMvgx 2021 mv‡ji g‡a¨ cÖwZ¯’vcb‡hvM¨ Rb-De©iZv AR©b Kivi j‡ÿ¨ cwievi
cwiKíbv, cÖRbb I ¯^v¯’¨‡mev‡K Av‡iv †Rvi`vi I MwZkxj Kiv|
gv I wkï ¯^v‡¯’ï DbœwZi Rb¨ m‡šÍvlRbK eë¯’v MÖnY Kiv I h_vm¤¢e cÖwZwU MÖv‡g
wbivc` cÖm~wZ †mev wbwðZ Kiv|
19

¯^v¯’¨‡mevq wj½ mgZv wbwðZ Kiv|
RvZxq ¯^v¯’¨bxwZi g~jbxwZ-1:

RvwZ, ag©, †MvÎ, Avq, wj½, cÖwZewÜ I †fŠMwjK Ae¯’vb wbwe©‡k‡l evsjv‡`‡ki
cÖ‡Z¨K bvMwi‡Ki Ges we‡kl K‡i wkï I bvixi mvsweavwbK AwaKvi wbwðZ K‡i
mvgvwRK b¨vq wePvi I mgZvi wfwË‡Z Zv‡ì ¯^v¯’¨, cywó I cÖRbb ¯^v¯’¨‡mev †fvM
Ki‡Z cÖvPvi gva¨‡gi mnvqZvq m‡PZb I mÿg K‡i †Zvjv I my¯^v‡¯’ï m‡½ m½wZc~Y©
Rxeb-hvÎv MÖn‡Yi Rb¨ AvPi‡Yi cwieZ©‡bi D‡`¨vM †bqv|
20
mnvq‡Ki †bvU
bvixi ¯^v¯’¨ AwaKvi wel‡q RvZxq I AvšÍRvwZ©K wfwË I evaëvaKZvmg~n:
evsjv‡`‡ki msweav‡b bvix-cyiæl ¯^v¯’¨ AwaKvi I mgZv
Aby‡”Q`-15 (K):
bvMwiK‡ì Rb¨ Abœ, e¯¿, Avkªq, wkÿv I wPwKrmvmn Rxebavi‡Yi †gŠwjK DcKi‡Yi eë¯’v Kiv iv‡óªi
Ab¨Zg †gŠwjK `vwqZ¡|
Aby‡”Q`-18 (1):
RbM‡Yi cywói ¯Íi-Dbœqb I Rb¯^v‡¯’ï DbœwZ mvab iv‡óªi Ab¨Zg cÖv_wgK KZ©e¨|
Aby‡”Q`-19 (1):
mKj bvMwi‡Ki Rb¨ my‡hv‡Mi mgZv wbðZ Kwi‡Z ivóª m‡Pó n‡eb|
Aby‡”Q`-28 (2):
ivóª I MYRxe‡bi me©¯Í‡i bvix cyiæ‡li mgvb AwaKvi jvf Ki‡eb|
wm‡Wv (CEDAW) mb‡` bvix I ¯^v¯’¨
aviv: 5 (L)
gvZ…Z¡‡K GKwU mvgvwRK KvR Ges mšÍvb cÖwZcvjb I Dbœq‡bi R‡b¨ bvix-cyiæ‡li Awfbœ `vwq‡Z¡i ¯^xK…wZi
welqwU hv‡Z cvwievwiK wkÿvq AšÍfy©³ Kiv nq Zvnv wbwðZ KivÑGB †¶‡Î wkï‡ì ¯^v_©B g~j we‡eP¨ welq
nB‡e|
21
aviv : 10 (R)
cvwievwiK ¯^v¯’¨ I Kj¨vY wbwðZ Kwievi D‡Ï‡k¨ cwievi cwiKíbv m¤úwK©Z Z_¨ I civgk©mn wbw`©ó
wk¶vg~jK Z_¨ cvIqvi my‡hvM m„wó|
aviv : 11 (1P)
Kg©‡ÿ‡Îi cÖK…Z cwi‡ek ¯^v¯’¨myiÿvg~jK I wbivc` ivLv Ges cÖRbb ¯^v‡¯’ï c‡¶ ¶wZKi I nvwbKi bv
nIqvi cwi‡ek wbwðZ Kiv|
aviv : 11 (2N)
Mf©Kvjxb mg‡q †hBme KvR ¶wZKi †mB¸wj †_‡K Zv‡ì‡K weiZ ivLv|
aviv : 12 (1)
¯^v¯’¨‡mev †¶‡Î bvixi cÖwZ êlg¨ `~i Kivi Rb¨ ivóª mKj Dchy³ eë¯’v MÖnY Ki‡e hv‡Z K‡i bvix I cyiæl
mgZvi wfwË‡Z ¯^v¯’¨‡mevq AwfMg¨Zvi my‡hvM cvq Ges cwievi cwiKíbv m¤úwK©Z †mev cvIqvi myweav
†fvM Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
aviv : 12 (2)
D‡jøwLZ Aby‡”Q` (1) ewY©Z eë¯’vw` QvovI kwiK ivóªmg~‡n bvixi Mf©Kvjxb mg‡q Ges mšÍvb Rb¥`v‡bi c‡i
Dchy³ eë¯’vw`mn Mf©ve¯’vq I wkï‡K gv‡qi `y»`vb PjvKv‡j ch©vß cywói eë¯’v Ges cÖ‡qvRbxq †¶‡Î
webvg~‡j¨ †mev cÖ`v‡bi wbðqZv weavb Ki‡Z n‡e|
RvZxq bvix Dbœqb bxwZ 2011 Ges bvix I ¯^v¯’¨
bvixi ¯^v‡¯’ï AbyKzj cÖhyw³ D™¢veb I Avg`vwb Kiv Ges bvix ¯^v_© we‡ivax cÖhyw³i eënvi wbwl× Kiv|
bvixi my¯v^ ¯’¨ I cywó wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨ Dchy³ eë¯’v wbwðZ Kiv|
22
GQvov 34 bs Aby‡”Q‡` bvix ¯^v¯’¨ I cywó wel‡q ejv n‡q‡Q:
34.12 bvixi Rxeb P‡µi mKj ch©v‡q h_v, ˆkke, ˆK‡kvi, †hŠeb Mf©Kvjxb mg‡q Ges e„× e‡q‡m cywó,
m‡e©v”P gv‡bi kvixwiK I gvbwmK ¯^v¯’¨ jv‡fi AwaKvi wbwðZ Kiv|
34.13 bvixi Rb¨ cÖv_wgK ¯^v¯’¨‡mev kw³kvjx Kiv|
34.14 gvZ…g„Zz¨ I wkï g„Zzï nvi n«vm Kiv|
34.15 GBWm †ivMmn mKj NvZK e¨vwa cÖwZ‡iva Kiv we‡klZ: Mf©Kvjxb ¯^v¯’¨mn bvixi ¯^v ¯’¨ m¤úwK©Z
M‡elYv Kiv Ges ¯^v¯’¨ welqK Z‡_ï cÖPvi I m‡PZbZv e„w× Kiv|
34.16 bvixi cywó welqK wkÿv I cÖwkÿY cÖ`vb Kiv|
34.17 RbmsL¨v cwiKíbv cÖYqb I ev¯Íevq‡bi †ÿ‡Î bvixi cÖRbb ¯^v¯’¨ I cÖRbb AwaKv‡ii welqwU
we‡ePbvq ivLv|
34.18 weï× wbivc` cvbxq Rj I cq: wb¯‹vkb eë¯’vq bvixi cÖ‡qvR‡bi Dci we‡kl ¸iæZ¡ †`qv|
34.19 D‡jøwLZ mKj †mevi cwiKíbv, weZiY Ges msiÿ‡Y bvixi AskMÖnY wbwðZ Kiv|
34.20cwievi cwiKíbv I mšÍvb MÖn‡Yi wm×v‡šÍi †ÿ‡Î cyiæl I bvixi mgvb AwaKvi wbwðZ Kiv|
34.21 bvixi ¯^v¯’¨, wkïi kvixwiK I gvbwmK e„w×, Rš§-wbqš¿‡Y mvnvh¨, Kg©¯’‡j gvÕi Kg©`ÿZv evov‡bv I
gvZ…evÜe Kg© cwi‡ek wbwðZ Kivi j‡ÿ¨ gv‡qi ey‡Ki `y‡ai DcKvwiZvi c‡ÿ h‡_vchy³ c`‡ÿc
MÖnY Kiv|
34.22 gv‡qi `ya wkïi AwaKvi, GB AwaKvi (Qq gvm ïaygvÎ ey‡Ki `ya) wbwðZ Kivi j‡ÿ¨ wkï cÖm‡ei
mgq †_‡K cieZ©x 6 gvm QzwU‡fv‡Mi Rb¨ AvBb cÖYqb I ev¯Íevqb Kiv Ges gvZ…Z¡RwbZ cÖ‡qvRbxq
QzwU cÖ`vb Kiv|
(we `ª: GLbI ch©šÍ bvix Dbœqb bxwZ 2011 Gi ev¯Íevqb Kvh©Ki Kiv nqwb|)
RvZxq ¯^v¯’¨bxwZ 2011 Ges bvix-cyiæl ¯^v¯’¨ mgZv
mevi Rb¨ cÖv_wgK ¯^v¯’¨ I Riæix wPwKrmv †mev cÖvc¨Zv wbwðZ Kiv|
mgZvi wfwË‡Z †mevMÖnxZv †K›`ªxK gvb m¤§Z ¯^v¯’¨‡mevi mnRcÖvc¨Zv e„w× I we¯Í…Z Kiv|
†ivM-cÖwZ‡iva I mxwgZKi‡Yi Rb¨ AwaKvi I gh©v`vi wfwË‡Z †mev MÖn‡Y RbMY‡K DØy× Kiv|
23
cÖv_wgK ¯^v¯’¨‡mev‡K cÖ‡Z¨K bvMwi‡Ki Rb¨ wbwðZ Kivi j‡ÿ¨ cÖwZ Qq nvRvi Rb‡Mvwôi Rb¨ GKwU K‡i
KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK ¯’vcb wbwðZ Kiv|
wkï I gvZ…g„Zz¨ nvi n«vm Kiv, we‡kl K‡i ¯^vaxbZvi cÂvk eQi c~wZ©‡Z AvMvgx 2021 mv‡ji g‡a¨ G nvi‡K
hyw³msMZ nv‡i n«vm Kiv|
AvMvgx 2021 mv‡ji g‡a¨ cÖwZ¯’vcb‡hvM¨ Rb-De©iZv AR©b Kivi j‡ÿ¨ cwievi cwiKíbv, cÖRbb I
¯^v¯’¨‡mev‡K Av‡iv †Rvi`vi I MwZkxj Kiv|
gv I wkï ¯^v‡¯’ï DbœwZi Rb¨ m‡šÍvlRbK eë¯’v MÖnY Kiv I h_vm¤¢e cÖwZwU MÖv‡g wbivc` cÖm~wZ †mev
wbwðZ Kiv|
¯^v¯’¨‡mevq wj½ mgZv wbwðZ Kiv|
RvZxq ¯^v¯’¨bxwZi g~jbxwZ-1:
RvwZ, ag©, †MvÎ, Avq, wj½, cÖwZewÜ I †fŠMwjK Ae¯’vb wbwe©‡k‡l evsjv‡`‡ki cÖ‡Z¨K bvMwi‡Ki Ges
we‡kl K‡i wkï I bvixi mvsweavwbK AwaKvi wbwðZ K‡i mvgvwRK b¨vq wePvi I mgZvi wfwË‡Z Zv‡ì
¯^v¯’¨, cywó I cÖRbb ¯^v¯’¨‡mev †fvM Ki‡Z cÖvPvi gva¨‡gi mnvqZvq m‡PZb I mÿg K‡i †Zvjv I my¯v^ ‡¯’ï
m‡½ m½wZc~Y© Rxeb-hvÎv MÖn‡Yi Rb¨ AvPi‡Yi cwieZ©‡bi D‡`¨vM †bqv|
24
Awa‡ekbt `yB
wk‡ivbvg: †RÛvi I †m·|
D‡Ïk¨:
AskMÖnYKvixMY:
 †RÛvi I †m· welq `ywUi cv_©K¨ wbiæcb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

 †RÛvi êl‡gï Kzdj wbiæcb Ki‡Z cv‡eb|
Av‡jvP¨ welq:
 †RÛvi I †m·|
 †RÛvi êlg¨|
 †RÛvi êl‡gï Kzdj|
mgq: 90 wgwbU
c×wZ: eo `‡j we‡kølY I †Lvjv‡gjv Av‡jvPbv|
DcKiY: †cvóvi †ccvi, møvBW|
cÖwµqv:
1. †RÛvi I †m· (mgq 50 wgwbU)
o †ev‡W© wb‡¤œi QKwU AvuKzb A_ev c~‡e© ˆZix K‡i ivLv wb¤œiƒc †cvóvi †ccviwU cÖ`k©b Kiæb|
mvgvwRK I mvs¯‹…wZK ixwZ, bxwZ, weavb I PP©v

bvix cyiæl
25
o AskMÖnYKvix‡ì Kv‡Q Avgv‡ì mgv‡R bvixi Rb¨ Kx Kx mvgvwRK I ms¯‹…wZK ixwZ, bxwZ, weavb I PP©v
i‡q‡Q Zv Rvb‡Z Pvb Ges †mwU bvixi Rb¨ wba©vwiZ N‡i wjLyb| Gev‡i Zvi wecix‡Z cyiæ‡li Rb¨ Kx Kx
mvgvwRK I ms¯‹…wZK ixwZ, bxwZ, weavb ev PP©v i‡q‡Q Zv Rb‡Z Pvb Ges †mwU cyiæ‡li Rb¨ wba©vixZ N‡i
wjLyb| Gfv‡e hZ¶Y AskMÖnYKvixiv wewfbœ D`vnib w`‡Z _vK‡e ZZ¶b ïbyyb Ges wjLyb|
o †ev‡W©/ †cvóvi †ccv‡i wjLv c‡q›U¸‡jv w`‡q AskMÖnYKvix‡ì bvixi Rb¨ GKwU msÁv ej‡Z ejyb|
GKBfv‡e †ev‡W©/ †cvóvi †ccv‡i wjLv c‡q›U¸‡jv w`‡q AskMÖnYKvix‡ì cyiæ‡li Rb¨ GKwU msÁv
ej‡Z ejyb|
o Gev‡i ejyb †ev‡W©/ †cvóvi †ccv‡i †jLv c‡q›U¸‡jv w`‡q Avgiv bvix I cyiæ‡li Rb¨ mvgvwRK I
ms¯‹…wZK msÁv ˆZix Kijvg Ges msÁv `ywUi g‡a¨ ¯úó cv_©K¨ †`L‡Z †cjvg| GB AmgZv ev cv_©K¨
g~jZ mgvR I ms¯‹…wZB m„wó K‡i‡Q| mgvR I ms¯‹„wZ GBfv‡e cv_©K¨ m„wó Kivi gva¨‡g bvix I cyiæ‡li
Rb¨ Avjv`v Avjv`v msÁv ev cwiPq wba©vib K‡i w`‡q‡Q| bvix I cyiæ‡li GB mgvwRK I ms¯‹…wZK msÁv
ev cwiPq‡KB †RÛvi e‡j|
o Gev‡i ejyb †RÛv‡ii cvkvcvwk Avgiv Av‡iv GKwU welq wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z PvB Avi Zv n‡jv †m·|
o †ev‡W© wb‡¤œi QKwU AvuKzb A_ev c~‡e© ˆZix K‡i ivLv wb¤œiƒc †cvóvi †ccviwU cÖ`k©b Kiæb|
kvixwiK cv_©K¨
bvix cyiæl
o AskMÖnYKvix‡ì Kv‡Q bvix I cyiæ‡li g‡a¨ Kx Kx kvixwiK cv_©K¨ Av‡Q Zv Rvb‡Z Pvb| Zv‡ì †`qv
c‡q›Umg~n wba©vwiZ N‡i wjLyb|
o ejyb bvix I cyiæ‡li g‡a¨ †h kvixwiK êwk‡óï wfbœZv i‡q‡Q †mUv †evSv‡Z †m· kãwU eënvi Kiv nq|
†m· n‡jv cÖK…wZi m„wó| GKwU wkï Rb¥ †bevi c‡i Avgiv Zvi kvixwiK êwkó¨ †`‡L †m †Q‡j bv †g‡q
Zv eyS‡Z cvwi|
o Gev‡i AskMÖnYKvix‡ì Kv‡Q †RÛvi Ges †m‡·i cv_©K¨ Rvb‡Z Pvb| gvwëwgwWqv‡Z Awa‡ekb-2.2,
¯øvBW-1 cÖ`k©b Kiæb Ges we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g wk¶Y wbwðZ Kiæb|
o G ch©v‡q Awa‡ekb-2.2, møvBW-2 cÖ`k©Y Kiæb| cÖwZwU wel‡q AskMÖnYKvix‡ì DËi Rvb‡Z Pvb| †Kvb
wel‡q A‰bK¨gZ †`Lv w`‡j Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g mwVK wkÿY wbwðZ Kiæb| cÖwZwU wel‡q DËi MÖnY †kl
n‡j abëv` w`‡q c‡ii Av‡jvPbvq cÖ‡ek Kiæb|
2. †RÛvi êlg¨ (mgq 25 wgwbU)

o ejyb, GZ¶b Avgiv †RÛvi I †m· wel‡q Rvbjvg| Gev‡i Avgiv †RÛvi êlg¨ wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z
PvB| †ev‡W© ev †cvóv‡i GKRb bvixi gyL AvuKzb| AskMÖnYKvix‡ì mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv mv‡c‡¶ bvixi
Rxe‡bi wewfbœ Kvj wbY©q Kiæb| Kvj¸‡jv n‡e ˆkkeKvj, ˆK‡kviKvj, †hŠebKvj Ges e„×Kvj| bvixi
QwewUi Dci `ywU †mvRv `vM w`b hv‡Z K‡i QwewU Pvifv‡M wef³ nq| GKwU fv‡M wjLyb ˆkkeKvj,
AciwU‡Z wjLyb ˆK‡kviKvj, c‡iiwU‡Z wjLyb †hŠebKvj Ges †klfvMwU‡Z wjLyb e„×Kvj|
26
o Gev‡i AskMÖnYKvix‡ì GB PviwU Kvj n‡Z Ggb GKwU Kvj Lyu‡R †ei Ki‡Z ejyb †hLv‡b bvix †Kvb
ai‡bi êl‡gï wkKvi nb bv| ¯^vfveZB Ggb †Kvb Kvj Luy‡R cvIqv hv‡e bv|
o AskMÖnYKvix‡ì ejyb Avgiv GKwU GKwU K‡i bvixi Rxe‡bi wewfbœ Kvj Av‡jvPbvq wb‡q Avm‡ev Ges
†h‡nZz Avgiv Av‡MB e‡jwQ Ggb †Kvb Kvj †bB †hLv‡b bvix †Kvb ai‡bi êl‡gï wkKvi nb bv ZvB
cÖwZwU Kv‡ji Av‡jvPbvq `ywU K‡i mvaviY Ges `ywU K‡i Rb¯^v¯’¨ welqK êl‡gï D`vniY Rvb‡ev|
o me¸‡jv Kv‡ji D`vniY I Av‡jvPbv †k‡l ejyb hwÌ Avgiv ˆkkeKvj †_‡K †RÛvi êlg¨ Av‡jvPbvq
G‡bwQ wKš‘ A‡bK †¶‡Î GB êlg¨ ïiæ n‡q hvq Avëvm‡bvMÖv‡gi ci †_‡KB †h‡nZz Avëvm‡bvMÖv‡gi
gva¨‡g mšÍvb †g‡q bv †Q‡j n‡e Zv Rvbv hvq|
o G ch©v‡q abëv` w`‡q c‡ii Av‡jvPbvq cÖ‡ek Kiæb|
3. †RÛvi êlgï Kzdj (mgq 15 wgwbU)

o Gev‡i AskMÖnYKvix‡ì Kv‡Q †RÛvi êl‡gï mvgvwRK I Rb¯^v‡¯’ï Dci djvdj Rvb‡Z Pvb| Zv‡ì
gZvgZ¸‡jv ïbyb|
o Awa‡ekb-2.2, ¯øvBW-3 cÖ`k©b Kiæb| we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g wk¶Y wbwðZ Kiæb|
o cwi‡k‡l ejyb GK_v mwZ¨ †h, bvixi cÖwZ êlg¨¸‡jv hyM-hyM a‡i Avgv‡ì mgv‡R P‡j Avm‡Q| wKš‘
Avgviv hw` Avgv‡ì cwiev‡ii, mgv‡Ri I iv‡óªi mvwe©K Dbœq‡bi K_v wPšÍv Kwi Ges Zvi mv‡_ hyM-hyM
a‡i P‡j Avmv GB êl‡g¨¸‡jvi djvdj wb‡q fvwe Z‡e †`L‡ev GB êlg¨¸‡jv Avgv‡ì cvwievwiK,
mvgvwRK, m‡e©vcwi ivóªxq Dbœqb‡K evavMÖ¯’ Ki‡Q| wcwQ‡q ivL‡Q †MvUv RvwZ‡K| ZvB bvixi cÖwZ Avi
êlg¨ bq| cwievi, mgvR Z_v iv‡óªi DwPZ bvixi cÖwZ êlg¨ †iva K‡i Zv‡K cyiæ‡li mgvb gh©v`v
†`qv| Zv‡Z ivóª, mgvR I cwievi me©‡¶‡ÎB Dbœqb Z¡ivwš^Z n‡e|
27
Awa‡ekb-2.2, ¯øvBW-1
†m· Ges †RÛv‡ii cv_©K¨

†m· (Sex) ˆRewj½ †RÛvi (Gender) mvgvwRK wj½
o bvix-cyiæ‡li ˆRweK msÁv| o bvix-cyiæ‡li mvgvwRK I mvs¯‹…wZK
msÁv|
o G‡K cÖvK…wZK wj½ ejv hvq| o G‡K mvgvwRK wj½ ejv hvq|
o kvwiwiK fv‡e wba©vwiZ| o mvgvwRK I mvs¯‹…wZKfv‡e wba©vwiZ|
o AcwieZ©bxq| o cwieZ©bxq|
o c„w_exi mKj †`‡k, mKj mgv‡R, o †`k, mgvR, mgq‡f‡` cwieZ©bkxj I

mKj mg‡q GKB iKg| wfbœZv i‡q‡Q|
28
wb‡Pi evK¨¸‡jvi g‡a¨ †KvbwU †RÛvi Ges †KvbwU †m·
o bvixiv mšÍvb aviY Ki‡Z cv‡i wKš‘ cyiæ‡liv Zv cv‡i bv|

o bvixi ¯^v¯’¨ I cywó wel‡q Z_¨ cÖvwßi my‡hvM Kg|
o bvix‡ì Pzj _vK‡e eo Avi †Q‡jiv ivL‡e †QvU Pzj|
o bvixiv Zvi mšÍvb‡ì gv‡qi `ya cvb Kiv‡Z cv‡i wKš‘ †Q‡jiv cv‡i bv|
o bvixiv mšÍvb jvjb-cvj‡b wb‡qvwRZ _v‡K e‡j Zv‡ì DwPZ N‡i _vKv|
o mšÍv‡bi Amy¯’Zv bvixi Kv‡Ri Pvc Av‡iv evwo‡q †`q|
o wbw`©ó eq‡mi ci cyiæ‡li †Muvd-ùvwo nq wKš‘ bvix‡ì Zv nq bv|
o c„w_exi †gvU Kv‡Ri cÖvq 67% KvR K‡i bvixiv Avi cyiæ‡liv K‡i evKx 33%|
o ¯^v¯’¨‡mevi wb‡qvwRZ A‡b‡K bvix I cyiæl †ivMxi mgm¨v †kvbvi wel‡q mgvbfv‡e g‡bv‡hvMx bb|
o cyiæ‡liv Lv`¨MÖnY Ki‡e Av‡M Avi bvixiv †h‡nZz Lv`¨ cwi‡ekb K‡ib ZvB Zviv Lv‡eb c‡i|
o A‡bK nvmcvZv‡j bvix I cyiæ‡li ¯^v¯’¨‡mev MÖn‡Yi Rb¨ Rb¨ Avjv`v jvBb i‡q‡Q|
o A‡bK cwiev‡ii cÖavbiv bvix I cyiæ‡li ¯^v¯’¨‡mevi wel‡q mgvbfv‡e g‡bv‡hvMx bb|
29
bvixi cÖwZ êl‡gï djvdj :
mvgvwRK cÖfve:-
 `vwi`ªZv `~ixKi‡Y Avkvbyiƒc dj cvIqv hv‡”Q bv ;
 A_©‰bwZK, mvgvwRK I ivR‰bwZK †¶Î¸‡jv‡Z Zv‡ì cÖwZwbwaZ¡ _vK‡Q bv|
d‡j wewfbœ c`‡¶c I bxwZmg~n Zv‡ì Dc‡hvMx K‡i †Zvjv hv‡”Q bv ;
 †`‡ki cÖvq A‡a©K bvix A_P Zv‡ì‡K gvbe m¤ú‡` cwiYZ Kivi my‡hvM
†_‡K Avgiv ewÂZ nw”Q ;
 ewn©we‡k¦ Avgv‡ì fveg~wZ© ¶zbœ n‡”Q ;
 bvix AwbðqZv I AwbivcËvq †fv‡M d‡j †m Zvi †fZ‡ii myß cÖwZfv weKvk
Ki‡Z cvi‡Q bv ; BZ¨vw`|
Rb¯^v‡¯’ï Dci cÖfve:

 Mf©eZx bvix, cÖmywZ bvix I wkïi cywónxbZv;
 wkï g„Zz¨ nvi †iv‡a fvj AMÖMwZ n‡jI GLbI gvZ… g„Zz¨ nvi D”P;
 A‡bK †ÿ‡Î bvixi mvaviY ¯^v¯’¨mgm¨v¸‡jv cwiev‡ii Kv‡Q ¸iæZ¡ cv‡”Qbv
d‡j †mB mgm¨v¸‡jv GKmgq eo mgm¨ wn‡m‡e †`Lv w`‡”Q;
 bvix-wbh©vZb eÜ Kiv hv‡”Q bv Ges GwU Rb¯^v¯’¨ mgm¨v wn‡m‡e wPw‎ýZ
n‡q‡Q;
 wbR †`‡ni wbqš¿Y (mšÍvbaviY I Rš§wbqš¿Y wel‡q) wb‡Ri nv‡Z _vK‡Q bv
d‡j ¯^v¯’¨SuywK †e‡o hv‡”Q;
 ¯^v¯’¨ welqK cÖ‡qvRbxq Z‡_ï Afv‡e A‡bK bvixi ¯^v¯’¨ SuywKi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q;
 Rb¯^v¯^¨ wel‡q cÖZ¨vwkZ AMÖMwZ e¨vnZ n‡”Q;
30
mnvqK Z_¨
†RÛvi Kv‡K e‡j:
†RÛvi kãUv cÖ_g eënvi K‡ib Gb IK‡j 1970 mv‡j| wZwb bvix Ges cyiæl‡ì mvgvwRKfv‡e Av‡ivwcZ
‰ewkó¨¸‡jv‡K eySv‡Z wM‡q GB †RÛvi kãUv eënvi K‡ib|
mgvR bvix I cyiæ‡li g‡a¨ wewfbœ ai‡bi cv_©K¨ m„wó Kivi gva¨‡g bvix I cyiæ‡li Rb¨ wfbœ wfbœ KvR,
†cvlvK, PjvP‡ji mxgvbv, ¶gZvi ZviZg¨, ¯^vaxbZv †fv‡Mi my‡hvM BZ¨vw` wba©vib K‡i w`‡q‡Q| GBfv‡e
cv_©K¨ ˆZix Kivi gva¨‡g mgvR bvix I cyiæ‡li Rb¨ wfbœ wfbœ msÁv cÖ`vb K‡i‡Q| bvix I cyiæ‡li GB
mgvwRK I mvs¯‹…wZK msÁv ev cwiPq‡KB †RÛvi e‡j|
†m·:
bvix I cyiæ‡li g‡a¨ †h kvixwiK êwk‡óï wfbœZv i‡q‡Q †mUv †evSv‡Z †m· kãwU eënvi Kiv nq| †m·
n‡jv cÖK…wZi m„wó| GKwU wkï Rb¥ †bevi c‡i Avgiv Zvi kvixwiK êwkó¨ †`‡L †m †Q‡j bv †g‡q Zv eyS‡Z
cvwi|
†m· Ges †RÛv‡ii cv_©K¨

†m· (Sex) ˆRewj½ †RÛvi (Gender) mvgvwRK wj½
o bvix-cyiæ‡li ˆRweK msÁv o bvix-cyiæ‡li mvgvwRK,mvs¯‹…wZK msÁv

o G‡K cÖvK…wZK wj½ ejv hvq o G‡K mvgvwRK wj½ ejv hvq
o kvixwiK fv‡e wba©vwiZ o mvgvwRK, mvs¯‹…wZKfv‡e wba©vwiZ
o AcwieZ©bxq o cwieZ©bxq
o cÖvK…wZKfv‡e m„ó o mgvR-ms¯‹…wZ †_‡K M„nxZ
o c„w_exi mKj †`‡k, mKj mgv‡R, mKj o †`k, mgvR, mgq‡f‡` cwieZ©bkxj I
mg‡q GKB iKg| wfbœZv i‡q‡Q|
31
†RÛvi êlg¨
wmWI (The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against
Women (CEDAW, 1979) mb` Abyhvqx Ô†h‡Kv‡bv ai‡bi †m·wfwËK wefvRb, ev` †`qv ev evav m„wó, hv
D‡Ïk¨MZfv‡e bvixi ¯^xK…wZ, cQ›` ev PP©v‡K Ae‡njv K‡i ev `~‡i †V‡j †`q, bvix I cyiæ‡li g‡a¨ AmgZv
evwo‡q †`q Ges ivR‰bwZK, mvgvwRK, mvs¯‹…wZK, A_©‰bwZK, bvMwiK I Ab¨vb¨ †¶‡Î bvixi gvbevwaKvi I
†gŠwjK ¯^vaxbZv‡K evavMÖ¯Í K‡i ZvB êlg¨Õ|
êlg¨ bvixi mviv Rxe‡bi cÖwZwU av‡c wbweofv‡e Rwo‡q Av‡Q hv jvjb K‡i P‡j‡Q mgvR, ms¯‹…wZ,
ivRbxwZ, AvBb eë¯’vmn Av‡iv wewfbœ cÖfveK| wb‡P bvixi Rxe‡bi wewfbœ av‡c †m †h ai‡Yi êl‡gï
wkKvi nq Zvi K‡qKwU D`vniY †`qv n‡jv|
†RÛvi êlg¨ : ˆkkeKv‡j
A‡bK mgq :
- †g‡q mšÍvb Rb¥v‡j cwiev‡ii m`m¨ ev AvZ¥xqiv Lywk nq bv| G‡¶‡Î cwievi ev AvZ¥xq‡ì †`qv Dcnvi
mvgMÖxi g‡aÏ cv_©K¨ †`Lv hvq;
- †Q‡j mšÍvb I †g‡q mšÍvb‡f‡` mvgvwRK AvPvi Abyôvb D`hvc‡b cv_©K¨ †`Lv hvq;
- †g‡q mšÍvb A‡c¶v †Q‡j mšÍvb cvj‡b cwiev‡ii m`mïv †ewk hZœevb _v‡K;
- A‡bK †¶‡Î Lvevi cÖ`v‡bI †g‡q I †Q‡j mšÍv‡bi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ Kiv nq;
- †g‡q I †Q‡j mšÍvb‡f‡` wPwKrmvi ¸iæ‡Z¡i welqwU †ni‡di nq|
GQvovI †g‡q mšÍvb Rb¥`v‡bi Rb¨ gv‡K A‡bK eÂbv mB‡Z nq| KLbI KLbI evievi †g‡q mšÍvb
Rb¥`v‡bi Rb¨ bvix‡K wewfbœ ai‡Yi wbh©vZbI mn¨ Ki‡Z nq hv Zvi kvixwiK I gvbwmK ¯^v‡¯’ï Rb¨ AZ¨šÍ
ÿwZKi |
†RÛvi êlg¨ : ˆK‡kviKv‡j
A‡bK mgq :
- wK‡kvix‡ì wb‡Ri ¯^vaxbZv e‡j wKQzz _v‡K bv| wcZv ev fvB‡qi Av‡`k Abyhvqx Pj‡Z nq;
- wK‡kvix‡ì M„n¯’vwj Kv‡Ri `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡Z nq| wK‡kviiv ZLb †Ljvayjv K‡i ev Avq-DcvR©‡b
wb‡R‡K wb‡qvwRZ K‡i| G‡Z K‡i †Q‡jwU evB‡ii RM‡Zi mv‡_ cwiwPZ n‡q I‡V Ges Db¥y³ cwi‡e‡k
Zvi e¨vwß NU‡Z _v‡K;
- wK‡kvix‡ì Pjv‡divi ¯^vaxbZvi Ici wewawb‡la Av‡ivc Kiv nq;
32
- evB‡ii RM‡Zi mv‡_ †hvMv‡hv‡Mi my‡hvM Kg _vKvq Z_¨cÖvwßi †¶‡Î wK‡kvixiv wcwQ‡q c‡i;
- wKQz cwiev‡i Lv`¨, wPwKrmv, wkÿv BZ¨vw` †ÿ‡Î êlg¨ †`Lv hvq;
- gZvgZ cÖKvk I cvwievwiK wm×všÍ MÖn‡Y wK‡kvi‡ì Zzjbvq wK‡kvixiv Kg ¸iæZ¡ cvq;
- wK‡kvixiv wK‡kvi‡ì Zzjbvq †ekx †hŠb nqivwbi wkKvi nq;
- A‡bK cwiev‡i G mgq †_‡KB wK‡kvix‡ì GKRb fv‡jv M„wnbx wn‡m‡e M‡o †Zvjvi cÖwµqv ïiæ n‡q
hvq| GmgqB Zv‡K †kLv‡bv nq Zvi `vwqZ¡ Kx, KvR Kx, Kx Ki‡Z cvi‡e Avi Kx Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv|
Gmgq †_‡KB k¦ïievwo‡Z M„n¯’vwj Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g †m cÖkswmZ n‡Z cv‡i GB Rb¨ Zvwjg †`qv ïiæ nq|
†RÛvi êlg¨ : †hŠeb I e„×Kv‡j
A‡bK mgq:
- 18 eQi eq‡mi Av‡MB †g‡q‡ì we‡q n‡q hvq;

- Zv‡ì nv‡Z m¤ú‡ì gvwjKvbv †`qv nq bv Ges A‡bK †¶‡Î wcZvi m¤úwË †_‡K ewÂZ Kiv nq;
- Zv‡ì mvaviYZ Avq-†ivRMv‡ii my‡hvM †`qv nq bv;
- cwiev‡ii m`m¨‡ì B”Qvi Ici bvixi ¯^v¯’¨‡mev cÖvwßi welqwU wbf©i K‡i;
- wb‡R‡ì cQ›` ¸iæZ¡ cvq bv| ¯^vgx-k¦ï‡ii cQ‡›` Pj‡Z nq;
- cvwievwiK wm×všÍ MÖn‡Yi †¶‡Î AskMÖnY I gZvgZ cÖ`v‡b cyiæl‡ì Zzjbvq Kg ¸iæZ¡ cvq;
- †ìx‡Z mšÍvb n‡j ev mšÍvb bv n‡j (bvixi eÜ¨vZ¡ bv _vK‡jI) cvwievwiK I mvgvwRK MÄbv mn¨ Ki‡Z
nq;
- ¯^vgxi AeZ©gv‡b †Q‡j, †èi, wb‡Ri fvB wKsev †g‡q _vK‡j RvgvB‡qi wbqš¿Y †g‡b Pj‡Z eva¨ nq;
- †h‡nZz e„× eq‡m m¤ú‡ì gvwjKvbv cyiæl e„×wUi nv‡Z _v‡K ZvB bvix-cyiæl‡f‡` e„× eq‡m cwiev‡ii
m`m¨‡ì wbKU n‡Z †mev cÖvwß‡ZI ZviZg¨ j¶¨ Kiv hvq; BZ¨vw`|
hwÌ Avgiv ˆkkeKvj †_‡K †RÛvi êlg¨ Av‡jvPbvq G‡bwQ wKš‘ A‡bK †¶‡Î GB êlg¨ ïiæ n‡q hvq
Avëvm‡bvMÖv‡gi ci †_‡KB †h‡nZz Avëvm‡bvMÖv‡gi gva¨‡g mšÍvb †g‡q bv †Q‡j n‡e Zv Rvbv hvq|
bvixi cÖwZ êl‡gï djvdj :

mvgvwRK cÖfve:-
 `vwi`ªZv `~ixKi‡Y Avkvbyiƒc dj cvIqv hv‡”Q bv ;

 A_©‰bwZK, mvgvwRK I ivR‰bwZK †¶Î¸‡jv‡Z Zv‡ì cÖwZwbwaZ¡ _vK‡Q bv| d‡j wewfbœ c`‡¶c I
bxwZmg~n Zv‡ì Dc‡hvMx K‡i †Zvjv hv‡”Q bv ;
 †`‡ki cÖvq A‡a©K bvix A_P Zv‡ì‡K gvbe m¤ú‡` cwiYZ Kivi my‡hvM †_‡K Avgiv ewÂZ nw”Q ;
 ewnwe©‡k¦ Avgv‡ì fveg~wZ© ¶zbœ n‡”Q ;
 bvix AwbðqZv I AwbivcËvq †fv‡M d‡j †m Zvi †fZ‡ii myß cÖwZfv weKvk Ki‡Z cvi‡Q bv ; BZ¨vw`|
33
Rb¯^v‡¯’ï Dci cÖfve:
 Mf©eZx bvix, cÖm~wZ bvix I wkïi cywónxbZv;

 wkï g„Zz¨nvi †iv‡a fvj AMÖMwZ n‡jI GLbI gvZ… g„Zz¨nvi D”P;
 A‡bK †ÿ‡Î bvixi mvaviY ¯^v¯’¨mgm¨v¸‡jv cwiev‡ii Kv‡Q ¸iæZ¡ cv‡”Qbv d‡j †mB mgm¨v¸‡jv GKmgq
eo mgm¨v wn‡m‡e †`Lv w`‡”Q;
 bvix-wbh©vZb eÜ Kiv hv‡”Q bv Ges GwU Rb¯^v¯’¨ mgm¨v wn‡m‡e wPw‎ýZ n‡q‡Q;
 wbR †`‡ni wbqš¿Y (mšÍvbaviY I Rš§wbqš¿Y wel‡q) wb‡Ri nv‡Z _vK‡Q bv d‡j ¯^v¯’¨SuywK †e‡o hv‡”Q|
 ¯^v¯’¨ welqK cÖ‡qvRbxq Z‡_ï Afv‡e A‡bK bvixi ¯^v¯’¨ SuywKi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q;
 Rb¯^v¯’¨ wel‡q cÖZ¨vwkZ AMÖMwZ e¨nZ n‡”Q|
GK_v mwZ¨ †h, bvixi cÖwZ êlg¨¸‡jv hyM-hyM a‡i Avgv‡ì mgv‡R P‡j Avm‡Q| wKš‘ Avgiv hw` Avgv‡ì
cwiev‡ii, mgv‡Ri I iv‡óªi mvwe©K Dbœq‡bi K_v wPšÍv Kwi Ges Zvi mv‡_ hyM-hyM a‡i P‡j Avmv GB
êlg¨¸‡jvi djvdj wb‡q fvwe Z‡e †`L‡ev GB êlg¨¸‡jv Avgv‡ì cvwievwiK, mvgvwRK, m‡e©vcwi ivóªxq
Dbœqb‡K evavMÖ¯’ Ki‡Q| wcwQ‡q ivL‡Q †MvUv RvwZ‡K| ZvB bvixi cÖwZ Avi êlg¨ bq| cwievi, mgvR Z_v
iv‡óªi DwPZ bvixi cÖwZ êlg¨ †iva K‡i Zv‡K cyiæ‡li mgvb gh©v`v †`qv| Zv‡Z ivóª, mgvR I cwievi
me©‡¶‡ÎB Dbœqb Z¡ivwš^Z n‡e|
34
Awa‡ekb-wZb
wk‡ivbvg: mvgvwRKxKib I wcZ…Zš¿
D‡Ïk¨:
AskMÖnYKvixMY:
 †RÛvi m„wó‡Z mvgvwRKxKib cÖwµqvi cÖfve wbiæcb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb

 wcZ…Zš¿ Ges mgv‡R bvixi Dci wcZ…Zvwš¿K wbqš¿Y wbiæcb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
Av‡jvP¨ welq:
 mvgvwRKxKib cÖwµqvi Ges †RÛvi

 wcZ…Zš¿ Ges bvixi Dci wcZ…Zvwš¿K wbqš¿Y
mgq: 75 wgwbU
c×wZ: †Lvjv‡gjv Av‡jvPbv I Dc¯’vcbv|
DcKiY: †cvóvi †ccvi, møvBW Ges gvK©vi|
cÖwµqv:
1. mvgvwRKxKiY cÖwµqv I †RÛvi (mgq 45 wgwbU)
o AskMÖnYKvix‡ì ejyb Av‡Mi Awa‡ek‡b Avgiv Av‡jvPbv K‡iwQ bvix Zvi Rxe‡bi wewfbœ Kv‡j wK wK
ai‡Yi êl‡gï wkKvi nb| G ch©v‡q Avgiv Rvb‡ev GKRb gvbyl Zvi Rxe‡bi wewfbœ Kvj¸‡jv‡Z wK wK
wk‡L hv Zv‡K †RÛvi cÖfv‡e cÖfvweZ K‡i|
o c~‡e© ˆZix K‡i ivLv wb¤œiƒc †cvóvi †ccviwU †ev‡W© Uvwb‡q w`b|
bgybv †cvóvi
Kvj cwiwPZ cÖwZôvb
ˆkkeKvj
ˆK‡kviKvj
†hŠebKvj
e„×Kvj
35
o AskMÖnYKvix‡ì Kv‡Q GKRb gvbyl Zvi ˆkkeKv‡j wK wK cÖwZôv‡bi mv‡_ cwiwPZ nb Zv Rvb‡Z Pvb
Ges Zv‡ì gZvgZ¸‡jv †cvóvi †ccv‡i wjLyb|
o Gev‡i Rvb‡Z Pvb ˆK‡kviKv‡j †m wK wK cÖwZôv‡bi mv‡_ bZzb K‡i cwiwPZ nq| Zv‡ì gZvgZ¸‡jv
ïbyb Ges †cv÷vi †ccv‡i wjLyb|
o Gev‡i Rvb‡Z Pvb †hŠebKv‡j †m wK wK cÖwZôv‡bi mv‡_ bZzb K‡i cwiwPZ nq| Zv‡ì gZvgZ¸‡jv ïbyb
Ges †cv÷vi †ccv‡i wjLyb|
o Gev‡i ejyb e„× eq‡m GKRb gvbyl wK wK cÖwZôv‡bi mv‡_ bZzb K‡i cwiwPZ nb| †`Lv hv‡e G ch©v‡q
ïaygvÎ †Q‡ji †eŠ Ges bvZx-bvZbx Qvov bZzb K‡i †Zgb †Kvb cÖwZôv‡bi mv‡_ Zvi cwiPq N‡U bv|
o G ch©v‡q AskMÖnYKvix‡ì Kv‡Q G‡K G‡K wewfbœ Kv‡j cÖwZôvbmgy‡ni wewfbœ wkÿY¸‡jv wKfv‡e
Avgv‡ì mvgvwRKxKib cÖwµqvq cÖfve we¯Ívi Kivi gva¨‡g cvKv‡cv³fv‡e Avgv‡ì g‡a¨ †RÛvi
†cÖlYv/wkÿY m„wó‡Z f~wgKv iv‡L Zv Rvb‡Z Pvb| Zv‡ì gZvgZ¸‡jv ïbyb Ges wb‡R wKQy D`vnib
eënvi Kiæb| mwVK wk¶Y wbwðZ n‡q‡Q e‡j g‡b n‡j abëv` w`‡q †kl Kiæb|
2. wcZ…Zš¿ Ges bvixi Dci wcZ…Zvwš¿K wbqš¿Y (mgq 30 wgwbU)
o wcZ…Zš¿ m¤ú‡K© cÖv_wgK aviYv w`b|

o bvixi Dci wK ai‡Yi wcZ…Zvwš¿K wbqš¿Y †`Lv hvq †m wel‡q AskMÖnYKvix‡ì gZvgZ Rvbyb|
o bvixi Dci wcZ…Zvwš¿K wbqš¿‡Yi ai‡Yi Dci Awa‡ekb-3, ¯øvBW-1 cÖ`k©b Kiæb Ges Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|
o bvixiv †Kb wcZ…Zvwš¿K eë¯’v †g‡b †bq †m m¤ú‡K© AskMÖnYKvix‡ì gZvgZ Rvbyb|
o Awa‡ekb-3, ¯øvBW-2 cÖ`k©b Kiæb Ges Av‡jvPbv Kiæb Ges Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|
o wK Ggb KviY i‡q‡Q hvi Rb¨ cyiæliv wcZ…Zš¿ eRvq ivL‡Z Pvq †m m¤ú‡K© AskMÖnYKvix‡ì gZvgZ
Rvbyb|
o Awa‡ekb-3, ¯øvBW-3 cÖ`k©b Kiæb Ges Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g mwVK wk¶bwU wbwðZ Kiæb|
o wk¶Y wbwðZ n‡q‡Q e‡j g‡b n‡j abëv` w`‡q †kl Kiæb|
36
bvixi Dci wcZ…Zvwš¿K wbqš¿‡Yi aiYmg~n

o bvixi Drcv`b ¶gZv ev kªgkw³i Dci wbqš¿Y
o bvixi mšÍvb Rb¥`v‡bi Dci wbqš¿Y
o bvixi †hŠbZvi Dci wbqš¿Y
o bvixi MwZkxjZvi Dci wbqš¿Y
o m¤úwË I Abvb¨ A_©‰bwZK m¤ú‡ì Dci wbqš¿Y
bvixiv †Kb wcZ…Zvwš¿K eë¯’v †g‡b †bq ev †g‡b wb‡Z eva¨ nq

o gvbyl Rb¥jv‡fi ci †_‡K wKQy wk¶Y cÖwµqvi ga¨ w`‡q eo nq|
Socialization, Internalization, Enculturation,
Internalization- Gi gZ cÖwµqv¸‡jv bvix‡K †e‡o IVvi mgqB fve‡Z
†kLvq, bvixi Aa¯ÍbZv I cyiæ‡li AvwacZ¨ GKwU ¯^vfvweK NUbv| wcZ…Zvwš¿K
gZv`‡k©i we¯Í…wZB Gi Ab¨Zg KviY|
o bvix A_©‰bwZKfv‡e cyiæ‡li Ici wbf©ikxj, hwÌ c„w_exi 2/3 fvM KvR
bvixB m¤úv`b K‡i _v‡K|
o ¶gZvi cÖ‡kœ cyiæliv GKUv Common understanding - Gi g‡a¨
_v‡K| wkï I bvixiv ag©, eY©, †kªYx‡f‡` wefvwRZ|
o wk¶vi †¶‡Î bvixi Ae¯’vb cðv`c`| cÖK…Z KviY wPwýZ K‡i msMwVZ nIqvi
e¨vcv‡i m‡PZbZv ˆZwi‡Z AšÍivq wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i|
o bvix mvgvwRK wewfbœ †¶‡Î cyiæ‡li Ici wbf©ikxj |
o bvixi Kv‡Ri Pvc Zv‡K Avjv`v K‡i wb‡Ri AwaKvi wb‡q fvebvi mgq †`q
bv|
o GiciI hviv wcZ…Z‡š¿i AvwacZ¨‡K Abyfe Ki‡Z cv‡i, cyiæ‡li mv‡_ Ø‡›Ø
cÖZ¨¶ kvw¯Íi f‡q Zv‡ì c‡¶ wcZ…Z‡š¿i KvVv‡gv‡K fv½vi †Póv Kiv m¤¢e
nqbv|
37
†hme Kvi‡Y cyiæliv wcZ…Zš¿ eRvq ivL‡Z Pvq

o cyiæliv A_v©r c„w_exi †gvU Rb‡Mvôxi cÖvq 50% wbqš¿Y Ki‡Q 99% m¤ú` |
o mg¯Í Kv‡Ri gvÎ 30%-35% Ki‡Q cyiæliv |
o cyiæliv AwaKvi K‡i‡Q c„w_exi 90% msm` Avmb, Dbœqb ms¯’vi †K›`ªxq c‡ì
99% Ges eë¯’vcbv mswkøó mKj c‡ì 76%|
o cyiæliv †fvM Ki‡Q bvixi M„nKg© webvg~‡j¨| A_P A_©‰bwZK g~j¨gvb w`‡j
cÖwZeQi bvixi M„nK‡g©i †gvU g~j¨ `vuov‡Zv 11 wUªwjqb Wjvi|
o wcZ…Zš¿‡K fv½vi Rb¨ hy× eë¯’vwUi weiæ‡×, cyiæ‡li weiæ‡× bq| Aek¨
eë¯’vwU wUwK‡q ivL‡Q cyiælivB| Avevi, wKQy cyiælI i‡q‡Q hviv wcZ…Z‡š¿i
weiæ‡×|
38
mnvqK Z_¨
mvgvwRKxKiY cÖwµqv I †RÛvi
gvbyl R‡b¥i ci GKRb mvgvwRK gvbyl wn‡m‡e †hfv‡e/†h cÖwµqvq †e‡o I‡V Ges wk¶Y jvf K‡i Zv‡K
mvgvwRKxKiY ejv nq|
cÖwZwU gvbylB (bvix-cyiæl) R‡b¥i ci K‡qKwU mvaviY Kvj ev ch©v‡qi g‡a¨ (ˆkkeKvj, ˆK‡kviKvj,
†hŠebKvj, e„×Kvj) w`‡q hvq Ges cÖwZwU ch©v‡qB N‡i evB‡i wewfbœ cwim‡i wewfbœ cÖwZôv‡bi mv‡_ cwiwPwZ
N‡U| hv Zv‡K aviYv †`q/†kLvq mgv‡R bvix-cyiæ‡li f~wgKv wK nIqv DwPZ Avi wK bq, †KvbUv bvix-cyiæ‡li
Rb¨ Kvg¨ Avi †KvbUv bq| mgv‡R bvix-cyiæ‡li GB wk‡L IVv Ges GB aviYv¸‡jv‡K cÖRb¥ †_‡K cÖR‡b¥
wUwK‡q ivLvi †¶‡Î mePvB‡Z ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv iv‡L wewfbœ mvgvwRK cÖwZôvb (wbR cwievi, mgvR, we‡q,
AvZ¥xq ¯^Rb, eÜz-evÜe; wk¶v cÖwZôvb- ¯‹zj, K‡jR, wek¦we`¨vjq, gv`ªvmv; ag©xq cÖwZôvb- gmwR`, gw›ì,
MxR©v, c¨v‡MvWv, †eŠ× gV; Awdm-Av`vjZ; †mev`vbKvwi cÖwZôvb, Mbgva¨g- †iwWI, †Uwjwfkb, cwÎKv
BZ¨vw`)| mvgvwRKxKiY cÖwµqvi ga¨ w`‡q wkï eqm †_‡KB Avgv‡ì gbb ˆZwi nq Ges Zvi cÖwZdjb N‡U
Rxe‡bi cÖwZwU †¶‡Î|
mvgvwRKxKi‡Yi cÖv_wgK avc ïiæ nq n‡”Q cwievi †_‡KB| GKRb e¨w³ cvwievwiK bvbv g~j¨‡eva I
Abykvm‡bi ga¨ w`‡q eo nq Ges cwiev‡ii wewfbœ PP©vi gva¨‡g wkL‡Z ïiæ K‡i wK Kvg¨, Avi wK Kvg¨ bq
Ges hv cÖvqkB bvix-cyiæl‡f‡` wfbœ n‡q _v‡K| †hgb: †g‡qwkï I †Q‡j wkï‡f‡` †cvkvK, †Ljbv, wbqg-
Kvbyb, ¯^vaxbZv, cQ›`mn wewfbœ †¶‡Î wfbœZv †g‡b wb‡qB GKRb e¨w³ ˆK‡kv‡i cv iv‡L Ges g‡b K‡i †g‡q
I †Q‡ji g‡a¨ GB wfbœZv eywS GKwU ¯^vfvweK cÖwµqv| †hgb: †Q‡j mšÍvb‡K ejv nq †Q‡jiv †g‡q‡ì gZ
KvbœvKvwU K‡i bvwK? ev Zzwg‡Zv †Q‡j Zzwg †Kb †g‡q‡ì gZ fq cvI| Avevi †g‡q‡ì †¶‡Î ejv nq Zzwg
eo n‡”Qv GLb Avi hLb ZLb evB‡i †eiæ‡e bv ev memgq eviv›`vq ùvwo‡q _vK †Kb ev †g‡q‡ì †Rv‡i
†Rv‡i K_v ej‡Z †bB BZ¨vw`| Av‡iv ejv nq †g‡qiv n‡”Q N‡ii †kvfv ev N‡ii KvR‡Zv †g‡q‡ì KvR
BZ¨vw`| Avi cwiev‡i evevi f~wgKv †`‡L †Q‡jiv wk‡L cwievi ev mgv‡R Zvi wK f~wgKv nIqv DwPZ Avi gv
Gi f~wgKv †`‡L †g‡qwU wk‡L cwievi ev mgv‡R Zvi f~wgKv wK n‡e| Gfv‡e cwievi Avgv‡ì g‡a¨ †RÛvi
aviYv ˆZwi‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i|
wk¶vcÖwZôvb (¯‹zj, K‡jR, wek¦we`¨vjq, gv`ªvmv) Avgv‡ì mvgvwRKxKi‡Y Lye ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv iv‡L|
cwiev‡ii evB‡i Avgv‡ì †h cÖwZôvbwUi mv‡_ mePvB‡Z †ewk †hvMv‡hvM N‡U Zv n‡jv wk¶v cÖwZôvb| cvV¨
eB †_‡K ïiæ K‡i †Ljvayjv, wk¶K‡ì AvPiY, ¯‹z‡ji KvVv‡gv hv cÖwZwbqZ bvix-cyiæ‡li g‡a¨ wefvRb ˆZwi
K‡i hv Avgv‡ì Kv‡Q GKwU ¯^vfvweK cÖwµqv e‡jB g‡b nq| ˆkk‡e Avgiv †h cvV¨ eB cwo †mLv‡b mgv‡R
cÖPwjZ bvix-cyiæ‡li f~wgKviB wPÎ †`L‡Z cvB| †hgb, cwiev‡i gv ivbœv K‡i-evev Awd‡m hvq, Avey gv‡V
†Lj‡Z hvq - Avby gv‡K N‡ii Kv‡R mvnvh¨ K‡i BZ¨vw`| ¯‹y‡j †Ljvayjvi †¶‡ÎI †g‡q I †Q‡j‡ì g‡a¨
39
wefvRb Kiv nq| †hgb: ¯‹z‡ji evwl©K µxov cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq †g‡q‡ì Rb¨ ivLv nq Bb‡Wvi †MBg, Kg
kvixwiK cwikªg nq Ggb †Ljva~jv (†MvjøvQzU) Avi †Q‡jiv †L‡j dzUej I wµ‡KU| cvV¨ welq wn‡m‡e
†Q‡j‡ì Rb¨ wba©viY Kiv nq K„wl weÁvb Avi †g‡q‡ì Mvn©¯’¨ weÁvb| †Kvb †Kvb ¯‹z‡j cvV¨ welq wn‡m‡e
†g‡qiv K„wl weÁvb wb‡jI †Kvb ¯‹z‡jB †Q‡jiv Mvn©¯’¨ weÁvb cvV¨ welq wn‡m‡e wbe©vPb K‡i bv|
MYgva¨‡gi mv‡_ †Kvb ai‡Yi †hvMv‡hvM bvB AvR‡Ki hy‡M GiKg gvby‡li msL¨v LyeB bMb¨| A_©vr MYgva¨g
Avgv‡ì mvgvwRKxKi‡Y Lye ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv iv‡L| MYgva¨‡g cÖPvwiZ msev` †_‡K ïiæ K‡i weÁvcb
A‡bK‡¶‡ÎB wba©viY K‡i †`q cÖwZwbqZ Avgiv wK Kie, wK Lve, wK cie, †Kv_vq hve BZ¨vw`| R‡b¥i ci
†_‡KB wkïi †e‡o IVv‡Z †Uwjwfk‡bi f~wgKv LyeB ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| A‡bK wkï weÁvc‡bi wR‡½j Pvjy bv Ki‡j
†L‡ZI Pvqbv| wKš‘ GB MYgva¨gI mgv‡Ri cÖPwjZ a¨vb-aviYvi evB‡i bq| MYgva¨‡g mePvB‡Z †ewk
cÖPvwiZ nq weÁvcb| weÁvcb cÖwZwbqZ bvix-cyiæ‡li Dc¯’vcbv Zv mgv‡R cÖPwjZ Mèvav aviYviB
cÖwZdjb| †ewki fvM weÁvc‡b bvix‡K †`Lv‡bv nq Ni-M„n¯’vwj, ivbœvevbœv, mšÍv‡bi †`Lv‡kvbv, mvR-†cvkvK
GBme f~wgKvi g‡a¨B mxgve×| wecix‡Z cyiæl‡K Dc¯’vcb Kiv nq mvivw`‡bi Awd‡mi Kg©e¨¯ÍZv, †bZ„‡Z¡
cyiæl, cwiev‡i Ges Awd‡mi wm×všÍ MÖn‡Y cyiæl BZ¨vw`| MYgva¨‡g cÖPvwiZ cÖmvabxi weÁvcb †_‡K †evSvi
Dcvq †bB cyiælivI cÖmvabx eënvi K‡i ev g‡b nq wK‡kvix/ ev ZiæY cÖR‡b¥i †g‡q‡ì cÖavb KvR
mvR‡MvR, ¯^vgxi g‡bviÄb Kiv| msev` cwi‡ek‡b bvix Dc¯’vc‡Ki Dcw¯’wZ h‡_ó n‡jI GLbI wbDR ˆZwi
we‡klfv‡e †h¸‡jv‡K nvW© wbDR ejv nq Zv ‰Zwi‡Z bvixi Dcw¯’wZ LyeB Kg|
†hŠebKv‡j †h cÖwZôvbmg~n Avgv‡ì Rxe‡b ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Zvi g‡a¨ Kg©‡¶Î, we‡q, msmvi Ab¨Zg | miKvix-
†emiKvix mKj ai‡Yi PvKyix‡Z bvix‡ì msL¨v GLbI A‡bK Kg| we‡kl we‡kl wKQy PvKzixi Rb¨ bvix‡ì
†ewk Dc‡hvwM fvev nq Ges P¨v‡jwÄs †ckv‡Z bvix‡ì Lye †ewk DrmvwnZ Kiv nqbv| †hgb; wk¶KZv, bvm©,
cÖvB‡fU †m‡µUvix, †Kweb µy BZ¨vw` †ckv‡K bvixi †ckv wn‡m‡e †`Lv nq| we‡qi ‡¶‡Î bvix-cyiæ‡li cQ›`-
AcQ›`, ¯^vaxbZv mKj †¶‡Î wfbœZv i‡q‡Q| †hgb: Avgv‡ì †`‡k cÖPwjZ Av‡Q †Q‡jiv we‡q K‡i Avi
†g‡q‡ì we‡q †Ìqv nq| GKBfv‡e msmv‡i bvix-cyiæ‡li Kvg¨ AvPi‡YI i‡q‡Q wfbœZv| cÖvqB Ggb K_v
†kvbv hvq †g‡q gvby‡li GZ †gRvR _vKv fvj bv ev GZ †gRvR _vK‡j wK c‡ii Ni Kiv hvq| we‡qi Rb¨
fvj cv‡Îi cÖavb êwkó¨ n‡jv fvj PvKzix, evox- Mvox BZ¨vwì wecix‡Z we‡qi cvÎx wn‡m‡e Zvi kvixwiK
†mŠ›`h©‡KB me‡P‡q †ewk ¸iæZ¡ †`qv nq| Z‡e fvj ¯¿x n‡Z n‡j Aek¨B fvj M„wnbx n‡Z n‡e wecix‡Z
KL‡bvB Ni-RvgvB‡K BwZevPK wn‡m‡e †`Lv nqbv|
Z‡e e„×Kv‡j mvavibZ Avgiv Avi †Zgb †Kvb bZzb cwim‡ii mv‡_ cwiwPZ nBbv eis GB eq‡m Avgiv
Avgv‡ì cyivZb wk¶Y¸‡jv wUwK‡q ivL‡Z mvnvh¨ Kwi A_©vr Avgiv †RÛvi‡K ¯’vqxfv‡e wUwK‡q ivLvi Rb¨
†Póv K‡i hvB|
40
wcZ…Zš¿ Ges bvixi Dci wcZ…Zvwš¿K wbqš¿Y

wcZ…Zš¿ (Patriarchy) gv‡b cyiæ‡li cÖf~Z¡| †hLv‡b cyiæl Zvi ¯^v‡_© wewfbœfv‡e Rei`w¯Í, wbh©vZb ev
GK‡c‡k AvBbKvby‡bi gva¨‡g bvix‡K wbqš¿Y K‡i ev wbqš¿Y Kivi †Póv Pvjvq| Elizabath Cady
Stanton Zuvi iwPZ The woman's Bible MÖ‡š’ wcZ…Z‡š¿i g~j gZv`k© m¤ú‡K© e‡j‡Qb, bvix cyiæ‡li
c‡i, cyiæl †_‡K Ges cyiæ‡li Rb¨ m„ó cyiæ‡li Aaxb GKwU wbK…ó Rxe (Woman was made after
man, of man and for man, an inferior being subject to man)| m„wói Avw`‡Z bvix cyiæ‡li
ˆ`wnK wfbœZv Qvov Ab¨ †Kvb êlg¨ wQj bv, wQj bv wcZ…Zš¿ ev cyiælZš¿| Rwg ev f~wgi †Kvb gvwjKvbv ev
cwievi cÖ_v wQj bv| †m mgqKvi †Mvôxe× mgv‡R bvix-cyiæ‡li ˆRweK Pvwn`vc~i‡Y wQj bv †Kvb evav|
mg‡qi m‡½ m‡½ avZzi eënvi, Mevw` cï cvjb, K…wl eë¯’vi cÖPjb †Mvôxe× mgvR e¨w³ gvwjKvbvaxb
mgv‡R iƒcvšÍwiZ nIqvi d‡j cyiæl KZ©v †m‡R e‡m| m¤úwË, m¤ú` Ges mšÍv‡bi Ici Zvi GKK KZ…©Z¡
Rb¥vq| bvbv ai‡bi †kvlb-wbh©vZb-wbcxo‡bi gv‡S bvix‡K eywS‡q †`qvi †Póv P‡j, cyiæ‡li Zzjbvq bvixiv
Kg eyw× Ges †hvM¨Zvm¤úbœ, Zviv nxb, `ye©j, cyiælivB †Kej AwaKZi ¯^vaxbZv, AwaKvi Ges ¶gZv †fvM
Ki‡Z cv‡i| wcZ…Zvwš¿K mgv‡Ri wbqš¿Kiv Gme ZË¡ Avw`gKvj †_‡KB bvixi gw¯Í‡¯‹i †fZi XywK‡q w`‡q‡Q
bvbv †KŠk‡j|
bvixi Rxe‡b wcZ…Zvwš¿K wbqš¿Y

mvaviYZt wbgœwjwLZ †¶Î¸wj‡Z bvixi Rxe‡b wcZ…Zvwš¿K wbqš¿Y †`Lv hvq|
bvixi Drcv`bkxjZv I kªg kw³‡Z wcZ…Zvwš¿K wbqš¿Y:
N‡i I evB‡i Dfq †¶‡Î cyiæ‡liv bvixi Drcv`bkxjZvi Dci wbqš¿Y K‡i| Avgiv hw` N‡ii K_v ewj Z‡e
†`L‡ev †mLv‡b bvixiv ev”Pv‡ì me ai‡bi †mev cÖ`vb K‡i GgbwK ¯^vgx ev cwiev‡ii Ab¨vb¨ m`m¨‡ìI
bvixi‡ì‡K †mev cÖ`vb K‡i †h‡Z nq| GUv‡K ÔÔwcZ…Zvwš¿K wbqš¿‡b Drcv`bÕÕ ejv hvq †hLv‡b bvixi mg¯Í
kÖg MÖvm K‡i Zvi ¯^vgx ev IB cwiev‡i Av‡iv Ab¨ hviv _v‡Kb Zviv| bvixiv GKwU cwievi /cwiev‡ii
m`m¨‡ì‡K euvwP‡q iv‡L wKš‘ ¯^vgxiv Zv‡ì GB Kó, cwikªg, †mev, †Póv‡K †Kvb KvRB g‡b K‡i bv Ges
Zv‡ì‡K (bvix‡ì‡K) ¯^vgxi Dci wbf©ikxj K‡i iv‡L|
N‡ii evB‡iI bvixi kªg‡K cyiæliv wewfbœ Dcv‡q wbqš¿Y K‡i iv‡L| KLbI ev Zviv bvix‡ì kªg wewµ Ki‡Z
eva¨ K‡i Avevi KLbI ev evB‡ii Kg© †_‡K weiZ iv‡L| KLbI ev LÛKvjxb KvR Ki‡Z AbygwZ †`q| Gi
d‡j †`Lv hvq bvixiv †mB mg¯Í KvR †hLv‡b fvj Avw_©K myweav i‡q‡Q Zvi †_‡K ewÂZ nq| A‡bK †¶‡Î
Zv‡ì‡K Kg gyRyixi Kv‡R †hvM`vb Ki‡Z eva¨ n‡Z nq| KLbI ev †`Lv hvq ÔÔevox wfwËKÕÕ Drcv`bg~jK
KvR Ki‡Z n‡”Q hv g~jZt GKwU AcÖMwZkxj eë¯’vq Zv‡ì‡K (bvix‡ì‡K) cwZZ K‡i|
GB eë¯’v g~jZt cyiælZvwš¿K wbqš¿Y eë¯’v hv Zv‡ì‡K (cyiæl‡ì‡K) jvfevb K‡i Ges GUv GgbB GKwU
cÖwµqv hv bvix‡K Aa¯Íb Kivi gva¨‡g cyiæ‡li jvf wbwðZ K‡i|
41
bvixi cÖRbb f~wgKvq cyiæ‡li wbqš¿Y:
cyiæ‡liv bvixi cÖRbb f~wgKv‡KI wbqš¿Y K‡i| A‡bK mgv‡R bvixiv KZ¸wj mšÍvb wb‡e, KLb wb‡e, Rb¥
wbqš¿Y eë¯’v MÖnY Ki‡e wKbv †m e¨vcv‡i wm×všÍ MÖn‡Y †Kvb AskMÖnY ev ¯^vaxbZv cvq bv| †ewkifvM †`‡k
ivóªxq ch©v‡q bvixi cÖRbb m¤úwK©Z bxwZgvjv ˆZixi `vwqZ¡ _v‡K cyiæl‡ì wbqš¿‡Y| e¯‘Zt wewfbœ †`‡k GB
AwaKvi AR©©‡bi †h Av‡›`vjb cwijw¶Z n‡”Q Zv †_‡K †evSv hvq ‡h, KZ k³fv‡e mgv‡R GB wbqš¿Y
we`¨gvb Ges †Kb cyiæ‡liv GB wbqš¿Y Qvo‡Z bvivR| AwaKš‘ wcZ…Zvwš¿KZv ïay gv n‡ZB eva¨ K‡i bv GUv
gvZ…Kvjxb mg‡qi kZ©¸wj I cÖwZwôZ K‡i| gvZ…‡Z¡i GB we‡kl aviYv g~jZt bvix‡K Aa¯Íb K‡i ivLvi
Rb¨B Ges GB eë¯’v bvixi Pjv‡div I weKv‡ki Dci cyiæ‡liB wbqš¿Y cÖwZôv K‡i|
bvixi †hŠbZvi Dci wbqš¿Y:
bvix‡K Aa¯Íb K‡i ivLvi GUv Av‡iv GKwU Ab¨vb¨ Dcvq nj bvixi †hŠbZvi Dci wbqš¿Y| bvixiv Zv‡ì
¯^vgx‡ì †LqvjLywk gZ †hŠb †mev w`‡Z eva¨ nq| cyiæivB bvix‡ì‡K eva¨ K‡i Zv‡ì †`n wewµ Ki‡Z Ges
cwZZv e„wË MÖnY Ki‡Z| al©Y Ges al©‡Yi ûgwK nj Av‡iv GKwU Dcvq hv Øviv bvixi m¤§vb nvwb NwU‡q
Avevi wewfbœ cÖwµqvi g‡a¨ w`‡q Zv‡K †QvU K‡i ivLvi †Póv Kiv nq| bvixi †m·‡K wbqš¿‡Yi Rb¨ cwievi,
mgvR, ms¯‹…wZ, agx©q AvPvi BZ¨vw` wba©viY K‡i †`q bvixi cwi‡aq e¯¿ wKiƒc n‡e, †m †Kv_vq †h‡Z cvi‡e
Ges †Kv_vq †h‡Z cvi‡e bv I Zvi †hŠb AvPiY wKiƒc n‡e|
bvixi PjvP‡ji Dci wbqš¿Y:
bvixi kªg, Drcv`b, cÖRbb I †hŠbZvi Dci wbqš¿Y cÖwZôvi c‡¶ GKwU eo nvwZqvi n‡jv bvixi PjvP‡ji
Dci wbqš¿Y Ges wcZ…Zvwš¿K eë¯’v ZvB K‡i _v‡K| ag©xq Ace¨vL¨v, c`v© cÖ_vi Aceënvi, evoxi †fZ‡i
Ave× K‡i ivLv, †Q‡j‡g‡q †f‡` wb‡`©kbvi cv_©K¨ mewKQzB bvixi Pjv‡div I ¯^vaxbZvi Dci wbqš¿Y cÖwZôv
K‡i|
m¤ú` I m¤úwËi Dci wbqš¿Y:
GKwU cwiev‡ii †ewki fvM m¤ú` ev m¤úwË cyiæ‡li wbqš¿‡Y _v‡K Ges Zv GK cyiæl n‡Z Ab¨ cyiæ‡li
wbKU esk cigciv n¯ÍvšÍwiZ nq | †hgb; evevi m¤úwË †Q‡jiv cvq| †h mg¯Í RvqMvq wcZvi m¤úwËi Dci
†g‡q‡ì AvBbMZ AwaKvi †`qv n‡q‡Q †mLv‡bI †`Lv hvq †h, wPiPvwqZ PP©v, Av‡eM, mvgvwRK cÖZ¨vkv
BZ¨vw` Zv‡ì †mB m¤úwËi †fvM †_‡K ewÂZ K‡i| wKQz wKQz †¶‡Î †`Lv hvq †h †`‡ki AvBbI Zv‡ì
AwaKvi Le© K‡i‡Q| gyjZt me‡¶‡ÎB bvixiv myweav ewÂZ|
BDGb Gi Z_¨vbyqvqx ÔÔbvixiv w`‡bi 60 fvM mgqB KvR K‡i wKš‘ Zviv †gvU wek¦ Av‡qi gvÎ 10 fvM
Av‡qi Ges †gvU wek¦ m¤ú‡ì gvÎ 1 fvM m¤úwËi gvwjK|ÕÕ
42
bvixiv †Kb wcZ…Zvwš¿K eë¯’v †g‡b †bq ev †g‡b wb‡Z eva¨ nq
 gvbyl Rb¥jv‡fi ci †_‡K wKQy wk¶Y cÖwµqvi ga¨ w`‡q eo nq| Socialization,
Internalization, Enculturation, Internalization- Gi gZ cÖwµqv¸‡jv bvix‡K †e‡o
IVvi mgqB fve‡Z †kLvq, bvixi Aa¯ÍbZv I cyiæ‡li AvwacZ¨ GKwU ¯^vfvweK NUbv| wcZ…Zvwš¿K
gZv`‡k©i we¯Í…wZB Gi Ab¨Zg KviY|
 bvix A_©‰bwZKfv‡e cyiæ‡li Ici wbf©ikxj, hwÌ c„w_exi 2/3 fvM KvR bvixB m¤úv`b K‡i|
 ¶gZvi cÖ‡kœ cyiæliv GKUv Common understanding-Gi g‡a¨ _v‡K| wkï I bvixiv ag©, eY©,
†kªYx‡f‡` wefvwRZ|
 wk¶vi †¶‡Î bvixi Ae¯’vb cðv`c`| cÖK…Z KviY wPwýZ K‡i msMwVZ nIqvi e¨vcv‡i m‡PZbZv
ˆZwi‡Z AšÍivq wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i|
 bvix mvgvwRK wewfbœ †¶‡Î cyiæ‡li Ici wbf©ikxj |
 bvixi Kv‡Ri Pvc Zv‡K Avjv`v K‡i wb‡Ri AwaKvi wb‡q fvebvi mgq †`q bv|
 GiciI hviv wcZ…Z‡š¿i AvwacZ¨‡K Abyfe Ki‡Z cv‡i, cyiæ‡li mv‡_ Ø‡›Ø cÖZ¨¶ kvw¯Íi f‡q Zv‡ì
c‡¶ wcZ…Z‡š¿i KvVv‡gv‡K fv½vi †Póv Kiv m¤¢e nqbv|
†hme Kvi‡Y cyiæliv wcZ…Zš¿ eRvq ivL‡Z Pvq
 cyiæliv A_v©r c„w_exi †gvU Rb‡Mvôxi cÖvq 50% wbqš¿Y Ki‡Q 99% m¤ú` |
 mg¯Í Kv‡Ri gvÎ 30%-35% Ki‡Q cyiæliv |
 cyiæliv AwaKvi K‡i‡Q c„w_exi 90% msm` Avmb, Dbœqb ms¯’vi †K›`ªxq c‡ì 99% Ges eë¯’vcbv
mswkøó mKj c‡ì 76%|
 cyiæliv †fvM Ki‡Q bvixi M„nKg© webvg~‡j¨| A_P A_©‰bwZK g~j¨gvb w`‡j cÖwZeQi bvixi M„nK‡g©i †gvU
g~j¨ `vuov‡Zv 11 wUªwjqb Wjvi|
 wcZ…Zš¿‡K fv½vi Rb¨ hy× eë¯’vwUi weiæ‡×, cyiæ‡li weiæ‡× bq| Aek¨ eë¯’vwU wUwK‡q ivL‡Q
cyiælivB| Avevi, wKQy cyiælI i‡q‡Q hviv wcZ…Z‡š¿i weiæ‡×|
43
Awa‡ekbt Pvi
wk‡ivbvg: †RÛvi Ges Gi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z wKQy welq|
D‡Ïk¨:
AskMÖnYKvixMY:
 bvixi †RÛvi Pvwn`vmg~n wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

 †RÛvi mgZv I mv‡gï g‡a¨ m¤úK© ¯’vcb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
Av‡jvP¨ welq:
 bvixi †RÛvi Pvwn`vmg~n|

 †RÛvi mgZv I mvg¨|
mgq: 45 wgwbU
c×wZ: eo `‡j Av‡jvPbv, †QvU `‡j KvR, †Lvjv‡gjv Av‡jvPbv I Dc¯’vcbv|
DcKiY: †cvóvi †ccvi, gvK©vi, †evW©
cÖwµqv:
1. bvixi †RÛvi Pvwn`vmg~n (mgq 25 wgwbU)
o AskMÖnYKvix‡ì ejyb GZ¶b Avgiv †RÛvi Ges mvgvwRKxKib cÖwµqvi mv‡_ Gi m¤úK© †`Ljvg|
GLb Avgviv †RÛvi-Gi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z Av‡iv wKQy welq m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡ev| cÖ_‡gB Avgiv bvixi †RÛvi
Pvwn`v m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡ev| †mUv Rvbvi Av‡M Avgv‡ì GKgZ n‡q †bqv DwPZ Pvwn`v Kv‡K e‡j|
o G ch©v‡q AskMÖnYKvix‡ì Kv‡Q Pvwn`v m¤úv‡K© Zv‡ì avibv Rvb‡Z Pvb| Zv‡ì gZvgZ¸‡jv ïbyb|
cwi‡k‡l †RÛvi Pvwn`v m¤ú‡K© wb‡Pi Z_¨wU w`‡q Zv‡ì wk¶Y wbðZ Kiæb|
ÒmvaviY A‡_© Pvwn`v ej‡Z †Kvb e¨w³i †mB mg¯Í cÖ‡qvRb‡K †evSvq hv Zvi †eu‡P _vKv, ˆ`bw›`b Rxeb-
hvcb, Awc©Z `vqxZ¡ cvjb Ges gh©v`vc~b© Rxeb-hvc‡bi m‡½ m¤úwK©Z|Ó
44
o G ch©v‡q GKwU bvixi gyL AvuKzb Ges AskMÖnYKvix‡ì ejyb Avmyb Avgiv GKRb bvixi wK wK Pvwn`v
i‡q‡Q Zv wjwL| AskMÖnYKvix‡ì Kv‡Q bvixi wewfbœ Pvwn`v m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z Pvb Ges QwewUi Pvicvk w`‡q
†m¸‡jv wjLyb| Zviv hZ¶b ej‡Z _vK‡e ZZ¶b Zv wjL‡Z _vKzb|
o G ch©v‡q ejyb Gev‡i Avgiv Avgv‡ì †jLv Pvwn`v¸‡jv n‡Z †mB mg¯Í Pvwn`v Luy‡R †ei Ki‡ev hv GKRb
bvixi †eu‡P _vKv I Zvi Awc©Z `vqxZ¡ cvj‡bi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z| †ev‡W© Ó†eu‡P _vKv I Zvi Dci Awc©Z
`vqxZ¡ cvj‡bi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z Pvwn`vÓ K_vwU wjLyb| Gev‡i AskMÖnYKvix‡ì QwewUi Pvwicv‡k wjLv
Pvwn`v¸‡jv n‡Z †ev‡W© wjLv welq¸‡jvi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z Pvwn`v¸‡jv Lyu‡R †ei Kiæb Ges jvj Kvwj w`‡q
†m¸‡jv †Mvj Kiæb| Gev‡i ejyb GB¸‡jv‡K ejv nq bvixi mvaviY †RÛvi Pvwn`v A_©vr bvixi †eu‡P _vKv
I Zvi Dci Awc©Z `vqxZ¡ cvj‡bi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z Pvwn`v¸‡jv‡K fjv nq bvixi mvaviY †RÛvi Pvwn`v|
o G ch©v‡q †ev‡W© Ógh©v`vc~b© Rxeb-hvcb Ges Ae¯’vbMZ cwieZ©‡bi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z Pvwn`vÓ K_vwU wjLyb|
Gev‡i AskMÖnYKvix‡ì QwewUi Pvwicv‡k wjLv Pvwn`v¸‡jv n‡Z †ev‡W© wjLv welq¸‡jvi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z
Pvwn`v¸‡jv Lyu‡R †ei Kiæb Ges Kvj Kvwj w`‡q †m¸‡jv †Mvj Kiæb| Gev‡i ejyb GB¸‡jv‡K ejv nq
bvixi †KŠkjMZ †RÛvi Pvwn`v A_©vr bvixi gh©v`vc~b© Rxeb-hvcb Ges Ae¯’vbMZ cwieZ©‡bi mv‡_
m¤úwK©Z Pvwn`v¸‡jv‡K ejv nq bvixi †KŠkjMZ †RÛvi Pvwn`v|
o Gev‡i ejyb, GB Pvwn`v¸‡jv †hgb bvixi i‡q‡Q †Zgwb GKRb cyiæ‡liI i‡q‡Q| bvix Ges cyiæ‡li g‡a¨
†K GB Pvwn`v¸‡jv c~i‡Y †ewk myweav †fvM Ki‡Q AskMÖnYKvix‡ì Kv‡Q Zv Rvb‡Z Pvb| DËi Avm‡e
cyiæl|
o Gev‡i cÖkœ Kiæb, bvixi Ae¯’vbMZ cwieZ©‡bi Rb¨ mvaviY †RÛvi Pvwn`v Ges †KŠkjMZ †RÛvi
Pvwn`v¸‡jvi g‡a¨ †KvbwU c~iY nIqv †ekx Riæix Ges †Kb| AskMÖnYKvix‡ì gZvgZ¸‡jv ïbyb|
me‡k‡l ejyb, `yB ai‡bi Pvwn`v c~iYB AZ¨vek¨Kxq Z‡e bvixi mvwe©K Dbœqb I Ae¯’vbMZ cwieZ©‡bi
Rb¨ †KŠkjMZ †RÛvi Pvwn`v c~iY nIqv †ewk Riæix †Kbbv GwU Qvov bvix cyiæ‡li Aa:¯ÍbZv †_‡K †ei
n‡q Avm‡Z cvi‡e bv|
2. †RÛvi mgZv I †RÛvi mvg¨ (mgq 20 wgwbU)
o AskMÖnYKvix‡ì Kv‡Q bvix-cyiæl mgZv m¤ú‡K© Zv‡ì aviYv Rvb‡Z Pvb| Zv‡ì gZvgZ¸‡jv ïbyb|
Gev‡i AskMÖnYKvix‡ì Kv‡Q bvix-cyiæ‡li g‡a¨ mvg¨Zv ev †RÛvi mvg¨Zv m¤ú‡K© Zv‡ì aviYv Rvb‡Z
Pvb| Zv‡ì gZvgZ¸‡jv ïbyb|
o Gev‡i cÖ_‡g mgZv m¤ú‡K© Zv‡ì avibv w`b| ejyb Avgiv Av‡MB †R‡bwQ †h, bvix I cyiæ‡li g‡a¨
wewfbœ w`‡K AmgZv weivRgvb Avevi Avgiv GUvI †R‡bwQ †h, bvix I cyiæ‡li g‡a¨ wKQy kvixwiK cv_©K¨
i‡q‡Q| Avi ZvB `ªæZZvi mv‡_ AmgZv Kgv‡bv, mvgvR KZ©„K Awc©Z `vwqZ¡ Ges kvixwiK cv_©‡Kï cÖwZ
ms‡e`bkxj †_‡K mgZv cÖwZôv Ki‡Z PvB‡j ïay mge›Ub h‡_ó n‡e bv eis mgv‡bi †P‡q wKQy †ewk ev
weZi‡Yi cÖwµqvB cwieZ©b Avbvi cÖ‡qvRb n‡Z cv‡i| GB †h, cÖ‡hvR¨ †¶‡Î mgv‡bi †P‡q wKQy †ewk ev
weZib cÖwµqvq cÖ‡qvRbxq cwieZ©b GUv‡KB mvg¨ ev b¨vqmsMZ mgZv ejv nq|
o welqwU cwi¯‹vi Kivi Rb¨ wb‡¤œi D`vnibwU eënvi Kiæb|
45
aiv hvK Avcbvi Kv‡Q †èvi gZ GKwU Pvì †Kbvi UvKv I `yR‡bi Lvevi Av‡Q| Avcbvi Kv‡Q `yRb
e¨w³ G‡jv hv‡ì `yRbB mgfv‡e ¶zavZ©| Z‡e GKR‡bi ci‡b i‡q‡Q GKwU †mv‡qUvi Avi Ab¨R‡bi
ci‡b ïay gvÎ Rvgv| Avcwb `yfv‡e Zv‡ì g‡a¨ Avcbvi †èvi Rb¨ ivLv UvKv I Lvevi e›Ub Ki‡Z
cv‡ib|
1. Pvì †Kbvi UvKv I Lvevi mgvbfv‡e `yR‡bi g‡a¨ fvM K‡i w`‡Z cv‡ib|
2. †h‡nZz `yRbB ¶zavZ© myZivs Lvevi¸‡jv `yR‡bi gv‡S mgvbfv‡e e›Ub K‡i w`‡Z cv‡ib Avi Pvì
†Kbvi UvKvwU w`‡Z cv‡ib Zv‡K hvi Mv‡q †Kvb Mig Kvco †bB|
o Gev‡i AskMÖnYKvix‡ì cÖkœ Kiæb †KvbwU AwaK hyw³msMZ weZiY| Zv‡ì gZvgZ¸‡jv ïbyb| ejyb
cÖ_g Ae¯’vwU mgZv wKš‘ †`Lyb †mUv‡K Avgiv hyw³msMZ ejwQ bv wKš‘ wØZxq Ae¯’vwU mvg¨ Ges
†mUv‡KB Avgiv hyw³msMZ ejwQ| myZivs memgq mge›Ub mwVKfv‡e mgZv cÖwZóv bvI Ki‡Z cv‡i|
Gev‡i Av‡iv GKwU D`vniY w`b| D`vniYwU n‡e wb¤œiƒc|
aiv hvK GKwU ¯^v¯’¨ †mev †K›`ª¸‡jv bvix I cyiæl Dfq‡K ¯^v¯’¨ †mev w`‡q _v‡K| Ges Zv‡ì †mev
cÖwµqvwU Av‡M Avm‡Z Av‡M wfwË‡Z †`qv nq| wKš‘ bvixiv Zv‡ì cwievi KZ„©K Awc©Z `vwqZ¡ †hgb:
mKv‡ji bv¯Ív ˆZix I cwi‡ekbmn wewfbœ KvR †kl K‡i Zvi c‡i ¯^v¯’¨‡mev †K‡›`ª †h‡Z A‡bK †ìx n‡q
hvq Ges j¤^v jvB‡bi †cQ‡b ùvov‡Z nq| Gi d‡j ¯^v¯’¨‡mev wb‡q wd‡i Avm‡Z A‡bK †ìx n‡q hvq
Ges emZevwoi Ab¨b¨ KvR¸‡jvI wcwQ‡q c‡i e‡j cwiev‡ii m`m¨‡ì wbKU bvbv K_v ïb‡Z nq| wKš‘
†mB MÖv‡gB Ab¨ Av‡iv GKwU ¯^v¯’¨‡mev †K›`ª i‡q‡Q †hLv‡b bvix‡ì Rb¨ Avjv`v jvB‡bi eë¯’v i‡q‡Q|
Avcbvi g‡Z †Kvb ¯^v¯’¨‡mev †K›`ªwU hyw³msMZfv‡e †mev cÖ`vb Ki‡Q| DËi Avm‡e wØZxqwU|
o AskMÖnYKvix‡ì cÖkœ Kiæb Avcbv‡ì g‡Z †Kvb ¯^v¯’¨‡mev †K›`ªwU hyw³msMZfv‡e †mev cÖ`vb Ki‡Q|
Zv‡ì gZvgZ¸‡jv ïbyb| ejyb cÖ_g Ae¯’vwU mgZv wKš‘ †`Lyb †mUv‡K Avgiv hyw³msMZ ejwQ bv wKš‘
wØZxq Ae¯’vwU mvg¨ Ges †mUv‡KB Avgiv hyw³msMZ ejwQ| myZivs memgq bvix I cyiæ‡li Rb¨ GKB
ai‡Yi eë¯’v ivL‡j †mUv mwVKfv‡e mgZv cÖwZôv bvI Ki‡Z cv‡i| wØZxq ¯^v¯’¨‡mev †K›`ªwU GB †h
cÖwµqvMZ cwieZ©b K‡i mgZv cÖwZôv K‡i‡Q GUvB mvg¨| myZivs mgZv n‡jv bvix I cyiæ‡li g‡a¨
my‡hvM-myweav, ¶gZv, ¯^vaxbZv BZ¨vwì mg-e›Ub Avi mvg¨ n‡jv †KŠkjMZ ev cÖwµqvMZ cwieZ©b Kivi
gva¨‡g my‡hvM-myweav, ¶gZv, ¯^vaxbZv BZ¨vwì e›Ub hv djcÖmyfv‡e mgZv cÖwZóv Kivi Rb¨ Kiv n‡q
_v‡K| A_©vr mvg¨ n‡jv mgZv cÖwZôv Kivi GKwU we‡kl cÖwµqv ev Dcvq|
46
mnvq‡Ki †bvU
†RÛvi Pvwn`v:
mvaviYZ Pvwn`v ej‡Z Avgiv gvby‡li Rxeb avi‡Yi Rb¨ AZ¨vek¨Kxq DcKi‡Yi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv‡K eywS| Avi
GKUz e¨vL¨v K‡i ej‡j Pvwn`v ej‡Z †Kvb e¨w³i †mB mg¯Í cÖ‡qvRb‡K †evSvq hv Zvi †eu‡P _vKv, ˆ`bw›`b
Rxeb-hvcb, Awc©Z `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ges gh©v`vc~Y© Rxeb-hvc‡bi m‡½ m¤úwK©Z|
Z‡e mvaviY fvlvq Pvwn`v ej‡Z hv †evSvq Zvi mv‡_ bvixi †RÛvi Pvwn`vi mywbw`©ó cv_©K¨ i‡q‡Q| bvixi
†RÛvi Pvwn`v †KejgvÎ bvix‡ì| †`k-Kvj-cvÎ‡f‡` Ae¯’vbMZ cv_©K¨ cwijw¶Z n‡jI, wek¦e¨vcx GLbI
bvixiv cyiæ‡li Zzjbvq A‡bK wcwQ‡q i‡q‡Q Ges †eu‡P Av‡Q cyiæ‡li Awab¯ÍZv †g‡b wb‡q| †mB mv‡_ i‡q‡Q
bvix Ges cyiæ‡li g‡a¨ kvixwiK cv_©K¨| cyiæ‡li mv‡_ bvixi GB kvixwiK cv_©K¨ Ges mgv‡R I cwiev‡i
bvixi GB Aat¯Íb Ae¯’vi Kvi‡YB bvixi †RÛvi Pvwn`v cyiæ‡li †_‡K wfbœ|
mvaviY †RÛvi Pvwn`v

bvixi †eu‡P _vKv, cÖvZ¨wnK Rxebhvcb I Zvi KvRKg© m¤úv`‡bi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z Pvwn`v †_‡K D™¢yZ nq
mvaviY †RÛvi Pvwn`v|
†hgb: `~i †_‡K Lvevi cvwb msMÖ‡ni Kó jvN‡ei Rb¨ evwo‡Z wUDe‡qj ev cvKv Kzqv ¯’v cb, DbœZ Pzjx
mieiv‡ni gva¨‡g R¡vjvbx I kª‡gi mvkªq Kiv, wbivc` gvZ…Z¡ wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨ ¯^v¯’¨‡mev cÖ`vb, bvix‡K ¯^v¯’¨
I cywó m‡PZb K‡i †Zvjvi j‡¶¨ ¯^v¶iZv I cÖwk¶Y cÖ`vb, bvixi cÖvZ¨wnK e¨q wbev©n Kivi Rb¨ wKQy bM`
UvKv cqmvi ms¯’vb BZ¨vw` n‡jv mvaviY †RÛvi Pvwn`vi wKQy D`vniY|
†KŠkjMZ †RÛvi Pvwn`v

mgv‡R cyiæ‡li Zzjbvq bvixi Aat¯Íb Ae¯’vb cwieZ©‡bi cÖ‡qvRb †_‡K bvixi †KŠkjMZ †RÛvi Pvwn`vi
D™¢e| cyiæ‡li Zzjbvq bvixi Aat¯Íb Ae¯’vb we‡kølY Ges Zv †gvKv‡ejv Kivi Rb¨ †KŠkjMZ †RÛvi Pvwn`v
wPwýZ Kiv nq Ges GB Pvwn`v¸‡jv c~i‡Yi Dci cÖPwjZ †RÛvi f~wgKvi cwieZ©b wbf©ikxj|
bvixi GB †RÛvi Pvwn`v mgv‡R cyiæ‡li Zzjbvq bvixi Aat¯Íb ev ciwbf©ikxj Ae¯’vb‡K P¨v‡jÄ K‡i| †gvU
K_v ¶gZv, AwaKvi, gh©v`v, wm×všÍMÖnY, cQ›`, my‡hvM BZ¨vw` †¶‡Î bvix I cyiæ‡li ga¨Kvi we`¨gvb
AmgZv ev êlg¨ `~i Kivi j‡¶¨ †h Pvwn`vi D™¢e nq †mUv n‡jv †KŠkjMZ †RÛvi Pvwn`v| †RÛvi
kªgwefvM, ¶gZv, gh©v`v, wbqš¿Y, AvBbMZ AwaKvi AR©b, mgvb gRyix cÖvwß, m¤ú‡` gvwjKvbv I wbR Av‡qi
Dci wbqš¿Y, wbR †`n I cÖRb‡bi Dci AvZœwbqš¿YvwaKvi, cvwievwiK wbh©vZb †_‡K gyw ³ jvf BZ¨vw`
†KŠkjMZ †RÛvi Pvwn`vi m‡½ m¤ú„³|
47
mvaviY †RÛvi Pvwn`v I †KŠkjMZ †RÛvi Pvwn`v `yÕ‡UvB ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| mvaviY †RÛvi Pvwn`v c~i‡Yi gva¨‡g
bvixi Ae¯’vi Dbœqb NU‡jI Zv wKš‘ mgv‡R bvixi gh©v`v e„w× K‡i bv A_©vr bvix cyiæ‡li ga¨Kvi we`¨gvb
AmgZv `~ixKib, bvixi Aat¯Íb Ae¯’vb cwieZ©‡b mnvqZv wKsev cÖPwjZ †RÛvi kªgwefvM‡K cwieZ©b K‡i
bv| mvaviY †RÛvi Pvwn`v c~iY n‡j GKRb bvix †eu‡P _v‡K wVKB wKš‘ GKRb gvbyl wn‡m‡e euvPvi gZ euv‡P
bv| Avgiv A‡bK mgq bvixi mvaviY †RÛvi Pvwn`v c~iY n‡j bvix fvj Av‡Q e‡j g‡b Kwi wKš‘ Avgv‡ì
g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e GKRb gvbyl wn‡m‡e evuPvi Rb¨ GKRb bvixi †KŠkjMZ †RÛvi Pvwn`v Aek¨B c~iY nIqv
DwPZ KviY Gi mv‡_ Rwo‡q Av‡Q Zvi AvZ¥wbf©ikxjZvi welqwU|
†RÛvi mgZv (Equality) I †RÛvi mvg¨ (Equity)
†RÛvi mgZv (Equality)

†RÛvi mgZv ej‡Z Ggb GKwU Ae¯’v eySvq †hLv‡b bvix-cyiæl †f‡` my‡hvM-myweav, ¶gZv, ¯^vaxbZv, m¤ú`
I †mevi e›U‡bi †¶‡Î †Kvb êlg¨ _vK‡e bv| A_©vr my‡hvM-myweav, ¶gZv, ¯^vaxbZv, m¤ú` I †mevi e›U‡bi
†¶‡Î bvix I cyiæl‡K mgvb fv‡e †`Lv n‡e|
†RÛvi mvg¨ (Equity)

†RÛvi mvg¨ ej‡Z Ggb GKwU Ae¯’v eySvq †hLv‡b bvix I cyiæ‡li g‡a¨ my‡hvM-myweav I `vq-`vwqZ¡ ew›UZ
n‡e ïay mgZvi wfwË‡Z bq eis b¨vqm½Z I †hŠw³Kfv‡e| GUv bvix I cyiæ‡li g‡a¨ Pvwn`v I ¶gZvi †h
cv_©K¨ Zv Lyu‡R †ei K‡i Ges Ggb fv‡e Zv mgvav‡bi w`‡K wb‡q hvq †hb Zv †m· ev †RÛvi wfwËK m„ó
AmgZv `yixKi‡Y mvg_© nq|
kvixwiK cv_©K¨, mvgvwRK ixwZ I PP©v BZ¨vwì Kvi‡Y bvixiv cyiæ‡li Zyjbvq A‡bK wcwQ‡q Av‡Q| GLb hw`
mgZv cÖwZôv Ki‡Z nq Z‡e me‡¶‡Î mgvb mgvb K‡i wPšÍv Ki‡j mgZv cÖwZôv n‡e bv eis wKQz wKQz †¶‡Î
bvix‡K mgv‡bi †P‡q †ekx w`‡Z n‡Z cv‡i (†hgb : PvKzix‡Z bvixi Rb¨ Avjv`v †KvUv w`‡j Z‡eB bv
Kg©‡¶‡Î bvix-cyiæl AbycvZ GKmgq mgvb n‡e)| Avevi A‡bK mgq bvixi Rb¨ wKQz AwZwi³ D‡`¨vM wb‡Z
n‡Z cv‡i hv‡Z K‡i Zvi my‡hvM-myweav †fv‡Mi Rb¨ AbyKzj cwi‡ek m„wó nq (†hgb : Kg©‡¶‡Î hw` †W-†Kqvi
†m›Uvi _v‡K Z‡e cÖm~wZ gv‡q‡ì Zvi mšÍvbwU‡K [gv‡qi ey‡Ki `ya] LvIqv‡bvi K_v wPšÍv K‡i PvKzix Qvo‡Z
nZ bv)| G¸‡jv meB mv‡gï D`vniY hv Avm‡j mgZvB cÖwZôv Ki‡Q| myZivs ejv hvq mvg¨ n‡”Q mgZv
cÖwZôvi GKwU Abb¨ Dcvq|
wb‡P Av‡iv K‡qKwU mv‡gï gva¨‡g mgZvi K‡qKwU D`vniY †`qv n‡jv :-
 ev‡m bvix‡ì Rb¨ msiw¶Z Avmb ;

 ¯^v¯’ëv‡R‡U bvixi AwZwi³ ¯^v¯’¨Pvwn`v we‡ePbvq wb‡q bvixi ¯^v¯’¨ Dbœq‡b AwZwi³ eivÏ|
48
 bvixi gvZ…Kvjxb QzwU;

 wewfbœ cÖwZôv‡b (†hgb : nvmcvZv‡ji AvDU‡Wv‡i) bvixi Rb¨ Avjv`v †mev jvBb;
 PvKzixi †¶‡Î wk¶vMZ †hvM¨Zv ev AwfÁZv wkw_j Kiv; BZ¨vw`|
49
Awa‡ekbt cuvP
wk‡ivbvg: wd‡i †`Lv|
D‡Ïk¨:
AskMÖnYKvixMY:
 Av‡Mi w`‡bi Av‡jvwPZ welq¸‡jvi c~Y:¯§iY Ki‡eb|

 Av‡Mi w`‡bi Av‡jvwPZ welq¸‡jv eyS‡Z †Kv_vI †Kvb mgm¨v _vK‡j †mB wel‡q Av‡jvPbv Kivi my‡hvM
cv‡eb|
Av‡jvP¨ welq:
 Av‡Mi w`‡bi Av‡jvwPZ welq¸‡jvi c~Y:¯§iY
mgq: 90 wgwbU
c×wZ: †Lvjv‡gjv Av‡jvPbv Ges cÖkœ I DËi|
DcKiY: †cvóvi †ccvi, gvK©vi, †evW©, wfc KvW©|
cÖwµqv:
1. Av‡Mi w`‡bi Av‡jvwPZ welq¸‡jvi c~Y:¯§iY (mgq 90 wgwbU)
o AskMÖnYKvix‡ì cÖ‡Z¨‡Kï Kv‡Q GKwU K‡i wfc KvW© w`b Ges AskMÖnYKvix wn‡m‡e MZ w`‡bi
Av‡jvPbvq me‡P‡q fvj ey‡S‡Qb Ggb GKwU welq Ges eyS‡Z me‡P‡q †ekx mgm¨v n‡q‡Q Ggb GKwU
welq wjL‡Z ej‡eb|
o Zv‡ì †jLv n‡q †M‡j Wvb w`K †_‡K Av‡jvPbv ïiæ Kiæb| cÖ_‡g AsMÖnYKvix‡ì‡K wZwb MZ w`‡bi
Av‡jvPbvq me‡P‡q †h welqwU fvj ey‡S‡Qb Zv wb‡q GKwU mswÿß e³e¨ w`‡Z ejyb| Gici MZ w`‡bi
Av‡jvPbvq †h welqwU eyS‡Z Zvi me‡P‡q †ekx mgm¨v n‡q‡Q †m welqwU ej‡Z ejyb|
o Gev‡i mKj AskMÖnYKvixi D‡Ï¨‡k ejyb †mB welqwU me‡P‡q fvj ey‡S‡Qb e‡j †K Zvi wfcKv‡W©
wj‡L‡Qb| whwb me‡P‡q fvj ey‡S‡Qb e‡j wfcKv‡W© wj‡L‡Qb Zv‡K †m wel‡q GKwU mswÿß e³e¨ w`‡Z
Aby‡iva Kiæb| Z‡e hw` †KD welqwU bv wj‡L _v‡K †m‡ÿ‡Î mnvqK wn‡m‡e wb‡R welqwU wb‡q mswÿß
Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|
o Gfv‡e mKj AskMÖnYKvixi Av‡jvPbv †kl n‡j abëv` w`‡q GB Awa‡ek‡bi BwZ Uvbyb|
50
Awa‡ekbt Qq (GK)
wk‡ivbvg: †RÛvi Ges Gi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z wKQy welq|
D‡Ïk¨:
AskMÖnYKvixMY:
 bvixi kªgwefvM I Zvi djvdj we‡kølY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

 †RÛvi ms‡e`bkxjZv aviY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
Av‡jvP¨ welq:
 †RÛvi kªgwefvRb|
 †RÛvi ms‡e`bkxjZv|
mgq: 75 wgwbU
c×wZ: gy³ wPšÍvi So, eo `‡j Av‡jvPbv I Dc¯’vcbv|
DcKiY: †cvóvi †ccvi, AvU©jvBbvi, gvK©vi, møvBW|
cÖwµqv:
1. †RÛvi kªg-wefvRb (mgq 45 wgwbU)
o G ch©v‡q AskMÖnYKvix‡ì mv‡_ gy³ wPšÍvi So c×wZwU cÖ‡qvM K‡i GKwU †cvóvi †ccv‡i bvixi mviv
w`‡bi KvR Ges Ab¨ GKwU †cvóvi †ccv‡i cyiæ‡li mvivw`‡bi KvR ZvwjKvf~³ Kiæb| D‡jøL¨ Ggb
Av‡bK KvR Avm‡Z cv‡i hv bvix I cyiæl Df‡qB K‡i _v‡Kb| †m‡ÿ‡Î †ekxifvM bvix bv †ekxifvM
cyiæl †mB KvRwU K‡i †m welqwU we‡ePbvq G‡b bvix ev cyiæ‡li †cvóvi †ccv‡i †mwU wjL‡Z n‡e|
o †cvóvi †ccv‡i Kv‡Ri ZvwjKv cÖ¯‘Z m¤úbœ n‡q †M‡j †m¸‡jv †`qv‡j Uvwb‡q w`b|
o G ch©v‡q Kx Kx ¸bvejx GKRb gvbyl‡K mgv‡R †ekx gh©v`vkxj K‡i †Zv‡j Zv Rvb‡Z Pvb| Zv‡ì
gZgZ¸‡jv ïbyb Ges gZvgZ †kvbv n‡q †M‡j Awa‡ekb-6.1, ¯øvBW-1 Dc¯’vcb Kiæb|
o ejyb, Avgiv ¯øvB‡Wi g‡a¨ wKQy ¸bvejx m¤ú‡K© Rvbjvg hv GKRb e¨w³‡K gh©v`vkxj K‡i Zzj‡Z mvnvh¨
K‡i| Avmyb Gev‡i Avgiv Avgv‡ì †cvóvi †ccvi¸‡jvi w`‡K ZvKvB Ges †`wL Kv‡ì Kv‡Ri g‡a¨ w`‡q
IB mg¯Í ¸bvejx AR©b Kiv mnR|
o G ch©v‡q †`Lv hv‡e bvix‡ì Kv‡Ri Zzjbvq cyiæ‡li Kv‡Ri g‡a¨ w`‡q IB mg¯Í ¸bvejx AR©b Kiv
A‡bK mnR|
o G ch©v‡q ejyb †RÛvi kªgwefvM GBfv‡eB bvix Ges cyiæ‡li Kv‡Ri g‡a¨ wefvRb ˆZix K‡i cyiæ‡li
nv‡Z †mB mg¯Í Kv‡Ri `vwqZ¡ w`‡q‡Q hvi gva¨‡g †m mgv‡Ri mvg‡b wb‡R‡K Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e ¸iæZ¡c~Y© I
51
gh©v`vkxj K‡i Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z cvi‡Q| Avi †h‡nZz Avq-†ivRMvi I m¤ú‡ì gvwjKvbv Zvi nv‡Z _vK‡Q
d‡j †m ¶gZv m¤ú‡K©i †MvUv ¶gZvUzKz wb‡Ri nv‡Z Kzw¶MZ K‡i cÖwZôv Ki‡Q bvixi Dci c~Y© wbqš¿Y|
myZivs †RÛvi eë¯’vi Dbœq‡b cÖ‡qvRb mgvR m„ó †RÛvi kªgwefvM †f‡½ †djv †hLv‡b bvix I cyiæ‡li
Rb¨ †Kvb Kv‡Ri wefvRb _vK‡e bv|
2. †RÛvi ms‡e`bkxjZv (mgq 30 wgwbU)
o AskMÖnYKvix‡ì Kv‡Q †RÛvi ms‡e`bkxjZv m¤ú‡K© Zv‡ì aviYv Rvb‡Z Pvb| GKwU †Lvjv‡gjv
Av‡jvPbvi cwi‡ek m„wói gva¨‡g AskMÖnYKvix‡ì gZvgZ¸‡jv ïbyb|
o gvwëwgwWqvq Awa‡ekb-6.1, ¯øvBW-2 Dc¯’vcb Kiæb| mwVK e¨vL¨v cÖ`vb I MÖn‡bi gva¨‡g wkÿY wbwðZ
Kiæb|
o G ch©v‡q cÖkœ Kiæb, Avgv‡ì ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡b Avgiv †Kv_vq †Kv_vq †RÛvi ms‡e`bkxj n‡Z cvwi|
AskMÖnYKvix‡ì gZvgZ¸‡jv ïbyb|
o gvwëwgwWqvq Awa‡ekb-6.1, ¯øvBW-3 Dc¯’vcb Kiæb| mwVK e¨vL¨v Ges D`vniY cÖ`vb I MÖn‡bi gva¨‡g
wkÿY wbwðZ Kiæb|
o G ch©v‡q ejyb, ivwóªq ch©v‡q Avgv‡ì mK‡ji nqZ KvR Kivi my‡hvM nq bv| wKš‘ Kg©‡¶Î e¨w³MZ,
cvwievwiK I mvgvwRK ch©v‡q Avgiv mevB KvR Ki‡Z cvwi| Z‡e GK_v mwZ¨ Avgiv hw` Kg©‡¶Î,
e¨w³MZ, cvwievwiK I mvgvwRK ch©v‡q †RÛvi ms‡e`bkxj n‡Z cvwi Z‡e mvgMÖxKfv‡e Zv mgvR I
ivóª‡KB cÖfvweZ Ki‡e †Kbbv K‡qKRb e¨w³ wb‡q GKwU cwievi, K‡qKwU cwievi wb‡q GKwU mgvR Avi
A‡bK¸‡jv mgvR wb‡q GKwU ivóª MwVZ nq| Avgv‡ì †RÛvi ms‡e`bkxjZv ïiæ Ki‡Z n‡e e¨w³MZ,
cvwievwiK I Kg©‡¶Î ch©vq †_‡KB hv wKbv mvgMÖxKfv‡e GKwU êlg¨nxb mgvR Z_v ivóª MV‡b f~wgKv
ivL‡e|
52
†h mg¯Í ¸bvejx GKRb gvbyl‡K cwiev‡i I mgv‡R †ekx

¸iæZ¡c~Y© I gh©v`vkxj K‡i †Zv‡j
 hvi Avw_©K m¶gZv i‡q‡Q|
 whwb m¤ú‡ì gvwjK|
 whwb †ivMg~³ I my¯’ ¯^v‡¯’ï AwaKvix|
 hvi wewfbœ mvgvwRK I ivR‰bwZK Kg©Kv‡Û AskMÖn‡Yi my‡hvM
i‡q‡Q|
 hvi †hvMv‡hvM `¶Zv fvj|
 whwb †bZ…Z¡ cÖ`v‡bi `vwq‡Z¡ i‡q‡Qb|
 hvi nv‡Z KZ…©Z¡ i‡q‡Q|
 whwb wm×všÍ †èvi ¶gZv iv‡Lb ev hvi wm×všÍ †èvi `ÿZv
i‡q‡Q|
 whwb Z‡_¨ mg„× ev Z‡_¨ Aeva AwfMg¨Zv i‡q‡Q|
 hvi Dci A‡bï wbivcËv weavb Kivi `vwqZ¡ i‡q‡Q|
 BZ¨vw`
53
†RÛvi ms‡e`bkxjZv
ms‡ÿ‡c †RÛvi ms‡e`bkxjZv n‡jv †RÛvi mgZvi bxwZi
cÖwZ wek¦vm ¯’vcb K‡i wbR AvPi‡Yi BwZevPK cwieZ©b
mvab|
A_©vr bvix I cyiæ‡li g‡a¨ wewfbœ †¶‡Î mgvR cv_©K¨ I
êlg¨ m„wó K‡i †i‡L‡Q Ges Gi d‡j bvix Zvi Ae¯’v I
Ae¯’vbMZ w`K w`‡q wcwQ‡q Av‡Q Zv wek¦vm Kiv Ges bvix I
cyiæ‡li g‡a¨ GB mg¯Í cv_©K¨ I êlg¨ `~ixKi‡Y KvR K‡i
hvIqv‡KB †RÛvi ms‡e`bkxjZv e‡j|
54
†RÛvi ms‡e`bkxjZvi †ÿÎmg~n

 e¨w³MZ ch©v‡q †RÛvi ms‡e`bkxjZv
 cvwievwiK ch©v‡q †RÛvi ms‡e`bkxjZv
 mvgvwRK ch©v‡q †RÛvi ms‡e`bkxjZv
 Kg©‡¶‡Î †RÛvi ms‡e`bkxjZv
 ivóªxq ch©v‡q †RÛvi ms‡e`bkxjZv
55
mnvq‡Ki †bvU
†RÛvi kªgwefvM (Gender Division of Labour)t

†RÛvi wWwfkb Ae †jevi ev †RÛvi kªgwefvM ej‡Z mgv‡Ri `„wófw½ ev PP©vi Dci wfwË K‡i bvix I
cyiæ‡li g‡a¨ ew›UZ f~wgKv, `vq-`vwqZ¡ I Kg©KvÛ‡K eySvq| GKwU mgv‡R bvixiv †Kvb KvR Ki‡e ev Ki‡Z
cvi‡e, cyiæliv †Kvb KvR Ki‡e ev Ki‡Z cvi‡e Zv †mB mgv‡Ri `„wófw½ ev Pjgvb PP©vi Dci wfwË K‡i
ew›UZ nq| GLv‡b bvixi e¨w³MZ cQ›` ev mvg‡_©ï wePv‡i Zvi KvR wba©vwiZ nq bv eis Zv wba©vwiZ nq †m
†hB mgv‡R evm K‡i †mB mgv‡Ri Pjgvb aviv ev PP©vi gva¨‡g|
†hgb Avgv‡ì mgv‡R †ewkifvM bvixiv M„n¯’vwji KvR, mšÍvb‡ì jvjb-cvjb, eq¯‹‡ì †mev hZœ BZ¨vw`mn
evwoi †fZ‡ii cÖvq mKj Kv‡Ri `vwqZ¡ †c‡q _v‡K Avi cyiæ‡liv †c‡q _v‡K Avq-‡ivRMvi, †bZ…Z¡, KZ©„Z¡ I
evB‡ii KvR¸‡jvi `vwqZ¡| Gi d‡j bvix‡K †g‡b wb‡Z n‡”Q ciwbf©ikxjZv| Ab¨w`‡K cyiæ‡liv _vK‡Q
AvZ¥wbf©ikxj d‡j ¶gZv _vK‡Q Zvi nv‡Z †K›`ªxf~Z| Ab¨w`‡K wewfbœ ai‡Yi Kv‡Ri Pv‡c bvixiv GZ e¨¯Í
†h wb‡Ri Ae¯’vb, ¶gZv, gh©v`v I KZ©…Z¡ BZ¨vw` wb‡q fveevi gZ mgqI Zv‡ì †bB|
Gi d‡j :
 bvixi A_©‰bwZK `~e©jZv i‡qB hv‡”Q;

 wbh©vwZZ nevi c‡iI cÖwZev` Ki‡Z cvi‡Q bv;
 ¯^-Dbœqb I weKv‡ki my‡hvM cv‡”Q bv;
 wewfbœ ai‡Yi êl‡gï wkKvi n‡”Q; BZ¨vw`|
GLv‡b GKUv K_v g‡b ivLv ìKvi †h, bvixi ¯^-Dbœqb I weKvk n‡j †m wKš‘ †h cwiev‡i emevm K‡i †mB
cwieviB jvfevb n‡Zv| A_P Avgiv Zv‡ì bvbv ai‡Yi cvwievwiK KvR Pvwc‡q N‡ii †Kv‡b AvU‡K †i‡L
cwieviwUi mvgwMÖK `wi`ªZv `~ixKi‡Yi my‡hvM n‡Z wb‡RivB ewÂZ nw”Q|
†RÛvi ms‡e`bkxjZv:
ms‡ÿ‡c †RÛvi ms‡e`bkxjZv n‡jv †RÛvi mgZvi bxwZi cÖwZ wek¦vm ¯’vcb K‡i wbR AvPi‡Yi BwZevPK
cwieZ©b mvab| A_©vr bvix I cyiæ‡li g‡a¨ wewfbœ †¶‡Î mgvR cv_©K¨ I êlg¨ m„wó K‡i †i‡L‡Q Ges Gi
d‡j bvix Zvi Ae¯’v I Ae¯’vbMZ w`K w`‡q wcwQ‡q Av‡Q Zv wek¦vm Kiv Ges bvix I cyiæ‡li g‡a¨ GB mg¯Í
cv_©K¨ I êlg¨ `~ixKi‡Y KvR K‡i hvIqv‡KB †RÛvi ms‡e`bkxjZv e‡j|
56
†RÛvi ms‡e`bkxjZvi †ÿÎmg~n:

e¨w³MZ ch©v‡q †RÛvi ms‡e`bkxjZv
mgvR bvixi I cyiæ‡li g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ I êlg¨ m„wó K‡i‡Q Zv wb‡R wek¦vm Kiv Ges wb‡Ri Ae¯’v‡b †_‡K m¤¢e
Ggb mvgvRm„ó cv_©K¨ I êlg¨ `~ixKi‡Y KvR K‡i hvIqv|
cvwievwiK ch©v‡q †RÛvi ms‡e`bkxjZv
cwiev‡i bvix I cyiæ‡li g‡a¨ †Kvb cv_©K¨ I êlg¨ Kiv n‡”Q wKbv Zv LwZ‡q †`Lv Ges †Kvb cv_©K¨ I
êlg¨ Kiv n‡”Q ev n‡q‡Q e‡j wPwýZ n‡j †mB mg¯Í cv_©K¨ I êlg¨ Ges Zvi djvdj `~ixKi‡Y KvR K‡i
hvIqv|
mvgvwRK ch©v‡q †RÛvi ms‡e`bkxjZv
mvgvwRK †Kvb bxwZ, PP©v ev wm×všÍ BZ¨vwì d‡j bvixi I cyiæ‡li g‡a¨ †Kvb cv_©K¨ I êlg¨ Kiv n‡”Q wKbv
Zv LwZ‡q †`Lv Ges †Kvb cv_©K¨ I êlg¨ Kiv n‡”Q ev n‡q‡Q e‡j wPwýZ n‡j †mB mg¯Í cv_©K¨ I êlg¨
Ges Zvi djvdj `~ixKi‡Y KvR K‡i hvIqv|
Kg©‡¶‡Î †RÛvi ms‡e`bkxjZv
Kg©‡¶‡Îi †Kvb bxwZ, cwjmx, PP©v ev wm×vš— BZ¨vwì d‡j bvix I cyiæ‡li g‡a¨ †Kvb cv_©K¨ I êlg¨ Kiv
n‡”Q wKbv Zv LwZ‡q †`Lv Ges †Kvb cv_©K¨ I êlg¨ Kiv n‡”Q ev n‡q‡Q e‡j wPwýZ n‡j †mB mg¯Í cv_©K¨
I êlg¨ Ges Zvi djvdj `~ixKi‡Y KvR K‡i hvIqv|
ivóªxq ch©v‡q †RÛvi ms‡e`bkxjZv
ivwóªq †Kvb †Kvb bxwZ, cwjmx, PP©v ev wm×všÍ BZ¨vwì d‡j bvix I cyiæ‡li g‡a¨ †Kvb cv_©K¨ I êlg¨ Kiv
n‡”Q wKbv Zv LwZ‡q †`Lv Ges †Kvb cv_©K¨ I êlg¨ Kiv n‡”Q ev n‡q‡Q e‡j wPwýZ n‡j †mB mg¯Í cv_©K¨
I êlg¨ Ges Zvi djvdj `~ixKi‡Y KvR K‡i hvIqv|
ivwóªq ch©v‡q Avgviv mevB KvR Ki‡Z cvwibv| wKš‘ Kg©‡¶Î e¨w³MZ, cvwievwiK, mvgvwRK ch©v‡q Avgiv
KvR Ki‡Z cvwi| Z‡e GK_v mwZ¨ Avgiv hw` Kg©‡¶Î, e¨w³MZ I cvwievwiK ch©v‡q †RÛvi ms‡e`bkxj
n‡Z cvwi Z‡e mvgMÖxKfv‡e Zv mgvR I ivóª‡KB cÖfvweZ Ki‡e †Kbbv K‡qKRb e¨w³ wb‡q GKwU cwievi,
K‡qKwU cwievi wb‡q GKwU mgvR Avi A‡bK¸‡jv mgvR wb‡q GKwU ivóª MwVZ nq| Avgv‡ì †RÛvi
ms‡e`bkxjZv ïiæ Ki‡Z n‡e Kg©‡¶Î, e¨w³MZ I cvwievwiK ch©vq †_‡KB hv wKbv mvgMÖxKfv‡e GKwU
êlg¨nxb mgvR MV‡b f~wgKv ivL‡e|
57
Awa‡ekbt Qq (`yB)
wk‡ivbvg: ¯^v¯’¨ I †RÛvi|
D‡Ïk¨:
AskMÖnYKvixMY:
 bvix I cyiæ‡li ¯^v¯’¨‡mev Pvwn`v, AwfMg¨Zv I my‡hvM we‡kølY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
Av‡jvP¨ welq:
 bvix I cyiæ‡li ¯^v¯’¨‡mev Pvwn`v, AwfMg¨Zv I my‡hvM
mgq: 75 wgwbU
c×wZ: †QvU `‡j KvR, †Lvjv‡gjv Av‡jvPbv I Dc¯’vcbv|
DcKiY: †cvóvi †ccvi, AvU©jvBbvi, gvK©vi I møvBW|
cÖwµqv:
1. bvix I cyiæ‡li ¯^v¯’¨‡mev Pvwn`v, AwfMg¨Zv I my‡hvM (mgq 75 wgwbU)
o G ch©v‡q AskMÖnYKvix‡ì ejyb, wj½ I †RÛvi `ywU Kvi‡YB bvix I cyiæ‡li ¯^v¯’¨‡mev Pvwn`v I Zv
c~i‡Yi my‡hv‡Mi g‡a¨ wKQz wfbœZv i‡q‡Q| Avi ZvB †RÛvi ms‡e`bkxj ¯^v¯’¨‡mev cÖ`v‡b GB wfbœZv¸‡jv
¸iæZ¡ w`‡q we‡kølY Kiv Riæix hv‡Z K‡i Rb¯^v¯’¨‡mevq mwVK Ges hy‡Mvc‡hvMx cwiKíbv cÖYqb I
ev¯Íevqb m¤¢e nq| GLb Avgiv †QvU `‡j fvM n‡q wj½ I †RÛvi êl‡gï Kvi‡Y bvixi we‡kl
¯^v¯’¨‡mev Pvwn`v¸‡jv wbY©q Ki‡ev|
o Dcw¯’Z AskMÖnYKvix‡ì PviwU †QvU `‡j fvM Kiæb| `ywU `j‡K wj½wfwËK cv_©‡Kï Kvi‡Y bvixi
we‡kl ¯^v¯’¨‡mev Pvwn`v Ges Ab¨ `ywU `j‡K †RÛviwfwËK êl‡gï Kvi‡Y bvixi we‡kl ¯^v¯’¨‡mev Pvwn`v
wbY©q Ki‡Z ejyb| cÖ‡qvR‡b †ev‡W© wj‡L w`b|
o `j¸‡jv‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq †cvóvi †ccvi I AvU©jvBbvi mieivn Kiæb| `jMZ Kv‡Ri Rb¨ wba©vwiZ RvqMv
†`wL‡q w`b Ges 20 wgwbU mgq eivÏ Kiæb|
o `jxq KvR PjvKv‡j Ny‡i Ny‡i †`Lyb †h `j¸‡jv mwVKfv‡e KvRwU Ki‡Z cvi‡Q wK-bv| cÖ‡qvR‡b `‡ji
MwZkxjZv Avbvq‡b Ges KvRwU mwVK Lv‡Z cÖevwnZ Ki‡Z mnvqZv Kiæb| cÖ‡qvR‡b Zv‡ì we‡ePbvi
Rb¨ `y-GKwU D`vniY w`b|
o `jxq KvR †kl n‡j †m¸‡jv Dc¯’vcb Kivb|
58
o G ch©v‡q cÖ_‡g Awa‡ekb-6.2, ¯øvBW-1 Ges ciewZ©‡Z Awa‡ekb-6.2, ¯øvBW-2 Dc¯’vcb Kiæb Ges
cÖwZwU wel‡q mnvq‡Ki †bv‡U †`qv Z_¨ gv_vq wb‡q e¨vL¨v cÖ`vb Kiæb| mwVK wkÿY wbwðZ n‡q‡Q e‡j
g‡b n‡j abëv` w`‡q †kl Kiæb|
59
bvix I cyiæ‡li ¯^v¯’¨‡mev Pvwn`v

 bvix I cyiæ‡li g‡a¨ wj½wfwËK cv_©K¨ †hgb: gvwmK, mšÍvb Mf©aviY,
mšÍvb cÖme bvixi †gvU ¯^v¯’¨ SuywK‡K cyiæ‡li Zzjbvq A‡bK †ewk evwo‡q
†`q|
 A‡bK mgq bvix †g‡q mšÍvb Mf©avi‡bi d‡j Ae‡njv, KUzK_v GgbwK
wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi nIqvi Kvi‡b Mf©eZx gv‡qi Ges Zvi M‡f©i †g‡q
mšÍvbwUi ¯^v¯’¨ SuywK A‡bK¸b †e‡o hvq|
 A‡bK cwiev‡i bvixi cÖRbb ¯^v¯’¨ m¤úwK©Z cÖ‡qvRbxq m‡PZbZv I
Á‡bi Afve i‡q‡Q| Avevi A‡bK ai‡Yi Kzms¯‹vi Zviv †g‡b P‡jb|
 A‡bK cwiev‡i †RÛvi êl‡gï cÖfv‡e Ges `vwi`ªZvi Kvi‡b †Q‡j wkï
I †g‡q wkïi g‡a¨ Lv`¨, wPwKrmv BZ¨vw` wel‡q êlg¨ m„wó Kiv nq hv
†g‡q wkïwUi kvixwiK I gvbwmK mwVK weKvk‡K evavMÖ¯’ K‡i|
 eqmwÜKv‡j wK‡kvi I wK‡kvix Df‡qiB we‡kl ¯^v¯’¨‡mev Pvwn`v m„wó
nq|
 A‡bK cvwiev‡i bvixiv c‡i Lv`¨ MÖn‡bi d‡j A‡bK mgq Zviv
cÖ‡qvRbxq Lv‡`ï Afv‡e Zv‡ì cywó Pvwn`v c~i‡Y e¨_© nq|
 bvix wbh©vZb hv eZ©gv‡b Rb¯^v¯’¨ mgm¨v wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…wZ †c‡q‡Q|
60
bvix I cyiæ‡li ¯^v¯’¨‡mevq AwfMg¨Zv

I †mev cÖvwßi my‡hvM
 mvaviY ¯^v¯’¨‡mev Pvwn`v bvix I cyiæ‡li mgvb n‡jI †RÛvi êl‡gï

Kvi‡b bvixi ¯^v¯’¨‡mev cÖvwßi my‡hvM cyiæ‡li Zzjbvq Kg|
 cyiæ‡li Zzjbvq bvixi PjvP‡ji MwÛ I ¯^vaxbZv mxwgZ Ges A_©‰bwZK
¯^wbf©iZv I mvgvwRK wbivcË Kg|
 cvwievwiK Kv‡Ri Pv‡c bvixiv wb‡RivI †QvU-LvU ¯^v¯’¨ mgm¨v¸‡jv
we‡kl we‡ePbvq †bb bv Ab¨w`‡K cwiev‡ii m`mïvI †m¸‡jv Lye †ewk
¸iæZ¡ †`bbv|
 wPwKrmv †K‡›`ª bvixi we‡kl ¯^v¯’¨‡mev cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ ch©vß cwigv‡b
we‡klÁ bvix wPwKrmK, cÖ‡qvRbxq eivÏ I AvaywbK wPwKrmv hš¿cvwZ
Ges KvwiMwi `ÿZvi Afve i‡q‡Q|
 wPwKrmK, Kg©KZ©v I Kg©Pvixi g‡bv‡hv‡Mi wfbœZv Ges †RÛvi
ms‡e`bkxj ¯^v¯’¨‡mevi Afve|
 ¯^v¯’¨Kg©x evwo‡Z †h‡q bvix‡ì cÖ‡qvRbxq ¯^v¯’¨‡mev/ civgk© cÖ`vb Ges
KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK eë¯’v¸‡jv bvixi ¯^v¯’¨‡mev cÖvwßi c_ A‡bK mnR K‡i
w`‡q‡Q|
61
mnvq‡Ki †bvU
bvix I cyiæ‡li ¯^v¯’¨‡mev Pvwn`v, ¯^v¯’¨‡mevq AwfMg¨Zv I ¯^v¯’¨‡mev cÖvwßi my‡hv‡Mi

Zzjbvg~jK wPÎ:
wj½ I †RÛvi `ywU Kvi‡YB bvix I cyiæ‡li ¯^v¯’¨‡mev Pvwn`v I Zv c~i‡Yi my‡hv‡Mi g‡a¨ wKQz wfbœZv i‡q‡Q|
Avi ZvB †RÛvi ms‡e`bkxj ¯^v¯’¨‡mev cÖ`v‡b GB wfbœZv¸‡jv ¸iæZ¡ w`‡q we‡kølY Kiv Riæix hv‡Z K‡i
Rb¯^v¯’¨‡mevq mwVK Ges hy‡Mvc‡hvwM cwiKíbv cÖYqb I ev¯Íevqb m¤¢e nq| Avi GB Rb¨ †h welq¸‡jv
Avgv‡ì we‡ePbvq wb‡Z n‡e †m¸‡jv n‡jv:
¯^v¯’¨‡mev Pvwn`v:
 bvix I cyiæ‡li g‡a¨ wj½wfwËK cv_©‡Kï Kvi‡b gvwmK, mšÍvb Mf©aviY, mšÍvb cÖme Ges mšÍvb‡K gv‡qi
`ya cvb Kiv‡bv †Kej gvÎ bvixi Rb¨B cÖ‡hvR¨| Avi GB welq¸‡jvi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z mKj cÖKvi ¯^v¯’¨
SuywK bvixi †gvU ¯^v¯’¨ SuywK‡K cyiæ‡li Zzjbvq A‡bK †ewk evwo‡q †`q| myZivs G‡ÿ‡Î bvixi we‡kl
¯^v¯’¨‡mev Pvwn`v i‡q‡Q|
 †RÛvi êl‡gï Kvi‡Y wKQz wKQz cwievi bvixi M‡f©i mšÍvbwU †g‡q mšÍvb Rvbevi c‡i Zvi cÖwZ Avi
hZœevb _v‡Kb bv eis Ae‡njv, KUzK_v GgbwK †KD †KD wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi n‡q‡Qb e‡jI Avgiv Rvwb|
G‡Z Mf©ewZ gvÕ‡qi Ges Zvi M‡f©i †g‡q mšÍvbwUi ¯^v¯’¨ SuywK A‡bK¸b †e‡o hvq Ges bvixi we‡kl
¯^v¯’¨‡mev Pvwn`v Av‡iv †e‡o hvq| D‡jøL¨ †h, IB cwievi¸‡jv Ge¨cv‡i cyiælwUi cÖwZ †Kvb êix AvPiY
K‡i‡Qb GgbwU wKš‘ †kvbv hvq bv| bvix Ges cyiæl Kv‡iv cÖwZ GB wel‡q êix AvPiY Kvg¨ bq †Kbbv
mšÍvb †Q‡j bv †g‡q n‡e †mwU m¤ú~Y©iæ‡c GKwU kvixwiK cÖwµqvi g‡a¨ w`‡q m¤ú~Y© nq †hLv‡b bvix ev
cyiæl Kv‡iviB †Kvb f~wgKv _v‡K bv|
 A‡bK cwiev‡i bvixi cÖRbb ¯^v¯’¨ m¤úwK©Z cÖ‡qvRbxq m‡PZbZv I Á‡bi Aevi i‡q‡Q| Avevi A‡bK
ai‡Yi Kzms¯‹vi Zviv †g‡b P‡jb| d‡j A‡bK Mf©ewZ I cÖmywZ gv Ges Zvi wkïi g‡a¨ cywónxbZv †`Lv
†`q| myZivs G‡ÿ‡Î bvix I Zvi wkïi we‡kl ¯^v¯’¨‡mev Pvwn`v m„wó nq|
 hwÌ GLb A‡bK K‡g †M‡Q Zvi c‡iI GLbI wKQz cwievi †RÛvi êl‡gï cÖfv‡e Ges `vwi`ªZvi
Kvi‡b †Q‡j wkï I †g‡q wkïi g‡a¨ Lv`¨, wPwKrmv BZ¨vw` wel‡q êlg¨ m„wó K‡i hv †g‡q wkïwUi
kvixwiK I gvbwmK mwVK weKvk‡K evavMÖ¯’ K‡i| myZivs G‡ÿ‡Î †g‡q wkïi we‡kl ¯^v¯’¨‡mev Pvwn`v m„wó
nq|
 eq:mwÜKv‡j wK‡kvi I wK‡kvix Df‡qiB we‡kl ¯^v¯’¨‡mev Pvwn`v m„wó nq| Avgv‡ì mgv‡R hwÌ
wK‡kvixiv Zv‡ì gv‡q‡ì KvQ †_‡K wKQz civgk© I w`K wb‡`©kbv cvb wKš‘ G‡ÿ‡Î wK‡kviiv †Zgb †Kvb
cvwievwiK civgk© I w`K wb‡`©kbv cvbbv| d‡j Zviv eÜz‡ì KvQ †_‡K civgk© wb‡q _v‡Kb| wK‡kvi I
62
wK‡kvix Df‡qiB civgk© cÖvwßi GB mg¯Í Drm¸‡jv wKš‘ memgq wbf©~j civgk© I Z_¨ w`‡Z cv‡i bv|
myZivs G‡ÿ‡Î wK‡kvi I wK‡kvix Df‡qiB we‡kl cÖRbb ¯^v¯’¨‡mev Pvwn`v i‡q‡Q|
 A‡bK cwiev‡ii bvixiv cwiev‡ii cyiæl‡ì Lvevi LvIqv‡bvi c‡i wb‡Riv Lvq| Gi d‡j A‡bK mgq
Zviv cÖ‡qvRbxq Lv‡`ï Afv‡e Zv‡ì cywó Pvwn`v c~i‡Y e¨_© nq hv Zv‡ì we‡kl ¯^v¯’¨‡mev Pvwn`v m„wó
K‡i|
 †RÛvi êl‡gï cÖfv‡e Avgv‡ì mgv‡R bvix wbh©vZb GKwU wbZ¨‰bwgwËK welq n‡q `vwo‡q‡Q| wbh©vZ‡bi
wkKvi bvixi Dci bvix wbh©vZ‡bi kvixwiK I gvbwlK cÖfve cÖKU I `xN©‡gqv`x| eZ©gv‡b bvix wbh©vZb
Rb¯^v¯’¨ mgm¨v wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…wZ †c‡q‡Q| wbh©vZ‡bi d‡j wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi bvixi we‡kl ¯^v¯’¨‡mev Pvwn`v
m„wó nq|
¯^v¯’¨‡mevq AwfMg¨Zv I †mev cÖvwßi my‡hvM:
 mvaviY ¯^v¯’¨‡mev Pvwn`v (we‡kl ¯^v¯’¨‡mev Pvwn`v¸‡jv Qvov) bvix I cyiæ‡li mgvb n‡jI A‡bK cwiev‡i
cvwievwiK mvgvwRK êlg¨, ixwZ, bxwZ, PP©v, Kzms¯‹vi I A_©‰bwZK mÿgZvi wfbœZvi Kvi‡b bvixi
¯^v¯’¨‡mev cÖvwßi my‡hvM cyiæ‡li Zzjbvq Kg|
 A‡bK cwiev‡i cyiæ‡li Zzjbvq bvixi PjvP‡ji MwÛ I ¯^vaxbZv mxgxZ Ges A_©‰bwZK ¯^wbf©iZv I
mvgvwRK wbivcË bv _vKvi Kvi‡b bvixiv ¯^vaxbfv‡e Ges cÖ‡qvRbxq †ÿ‡Î wbR D‡`¨v‡M ¯^v¯’¨‡mev †K‡›`ª
†h‡Z cv‡ib bv|
 mgvR KZ…©K Awc©Z cvwievwiK Kv‡Ri Pv‡c A‡bK mgq bvixiv wb‡RivI GKw`‡K †hgb †QvU-LvU ¯^v¯’¨
mgm¨v¸‡jv we‡kl we‡ePbvq †bb bv Ab¨w`‡K cwiev‡ii m`mïvI †m¸‡jv Lye †ewk ¸iæZ¡ †`bbv d‡j
†m¸‡jv GKmgq eo ai‡bi ¯^v¯’¨ mgm¨v wn‡m‡e †`Lv †`q|
 A‡bK nvmcvZvj I wK¬wbK¸‡jv‡Z bvixi we‡kl ¯^v¯’¨‡mev cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ ch©vß cwigv‡b we‡klÁ bvix
wPwKrmK, cÖ‡qvRbxq eivÏ I AvaywbK wPwKrmv hš¿cvwZ Ges KvwiMwi `ÿZvi Afve i‡q‡Q|
 GLbI wPwKrmv †mevq wb‡qvwRZ A‡bK bvix I cyiæl Dfq ai‡Yi wPwKrmK, Kg©KZ©v I Kg©Pvixi g‡a¨
bvix-cyiæl †ivMx‡f‡` AvPiY I g‡bv‡hv‡Mi ZviZg¨ jÿ¨ Kiv hvq hv †RÛvi ms‡e`bkxj ¯^v¯’¨‡mevi
cwicwš’|
 Z‡e ¯^v¯’¨Kg©xiv evwo‡Z †h‡q bvix‡ì cÖ‡qvRbxq ¯^v¯’¨‡mev/ civgk© cÖ`vb Ges KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK
eë¯’v¸‡jv bvixi ¯^v¯’¨‡mev cÖvwßi c_ A‡bK mnR K‡i w`‡q‡Q hwÌ KwgDwbwU wK¬wbK¸‡jv Av‡iv
djcÖmyfv‡e KvR Kivi h‡_ó my‡hvM i‡q‡Q|
63
Awa‡ekbt Qq (wZb)
wk‡ivbvg: ¯^v¯’¨ I †RÛvi
D‡Ïk¨:
AskMÖnYKvixMY:
 cÖRbb¯^v¯’¨, gvZ…¯v^ ¯’¨ I wkï¯^v‡¯’ï mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z †RÛvi †cÖwÿZ¸‡jv we‡kølY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
Av‡jvP¨ welq:
 cÖRbb¯^v¯’¨ I Zvi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z †RÛvi †cÖwÿZmg~n|

 gvZ…¯v^ ¯’¨ I Zvi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z †RÛvi †cÖwÿZmg~n|
 wkï¯^v¯’¨ I Zvi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z †RÛvi †cÖwÿZmg~n|
mgq: 45 wgwbU
DcKiY: †cvóvi †ccvi, †evW©, gvK©vi, møvBW|
cÖwµqv:
1. cÖRbb¯^v¯’¨ I Zvi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z †RÛvi †cÖwÿZmg~n (mgq 15 wgwbU)
o AskMÖnYKvix‡ì Kv‡Q bvixi cÖRbb¯^v¯’¨ I Zvi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z †RÛvi †cÖwÿZmg~n m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z Pvb
Ges Zv‡ì gZvgZ¸‡jv g‡bv‡hvM mnKv‡i ïbyb|
o Zv‡ì gZvgZ †kvbv †kl n‡j Awa‡ekb-6.3, ¯øvBW-1 Dc¯’vcb Kiæb Ges cÖwZwU wel‡q e¨vL¨v cÖ`vb
Kiæb| mwVK wkÿY wbwðZ n‡q‡Q e‡j g‡b n‡j c‡ii Av‡jvPbvq cÖ‡ek Kiæb|
2. gvZ…¯v^ ¯’¨ I Zvi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z †RÛvi †cÖwÿZmg~n (mgq 15 wgwbU)
o AskMÖnYKvix‡ì Kv‡Q bvixi gvZ…¯v^ ¯’¨ I Zvi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z †RÛvi †cÖwÿZmg~n m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z Pvb
64
3. wkï¯^v¯’¨ I Zvi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z †RÛvi †cÖwÿZmg~n (mgq 15 wgwbU)
o AskMÖnYKvix‡ì Kv‡Q wkï¯^v¯’¨ I Zvi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z †RÛvi †cÖwÿZmg~n m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z Pvb Ges
Zv‡ì gZvgZ¸‡jv g‡bv‡hvM mnKv‡i ïbyb|
Kiæb| mwVK wkÿY wbwðZ n‡q‡Q e‡j g‡b n‡j abëv` w`‡q GB Awa‡ek‡bi BwZ Uvbyb|
65
cÖRbb¯^v¯’¨ I Zvi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z †RÛvi †cÖwÿZmg~n

 cÖRbbZ‡š¿i msµgY I †hŠb‡iv‡M AvµvšÍ nIqvi m¤¢vebv bvix‡ìB †ekx
†Kbbv wbivc` kixwiK m¤úK© I Gi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv wel‡q Zv‡ì |
 wbivc` kvixwiK m¤ú‡K©i wbqš¿Y bvixi nv‡Z _v‡K bv KviY A‡bK †¶‡Î
cyiæ‡liv Rš§wbqš¿‡Y KbWg eënvi Ki‡Z ivRx _v‡K bv| Ab¨w`‡K bvixi
Dci cÖ‡qvM Kiv hvq Ggb Rš§wbqš¿Y c×wZ¸‡jvi g‡a¨ me¸‡jv wKš‘y cvk¦©-
cÖwZwµqvgy³ bq| d‡j †m¸‡jv A‡bK mgq bvixi kvixwiK my¯’Zv I De©iZvi
mv‡_ m½wZc~Y© nq bv|
 cÖRbbZ‡š¿i msµgY I †hŠb‡iv‡M AvµvšÍ n‡j A‡bK bvix mgvR ev
cwiev‡ii KUv‡¶i f‡q gyL †Lv‡j bv| d‡j †m AviI eo ai‡bi kvixwiK
mgm¨vq c‡i| Ab¨w`‡K bvixi GB ai‡bi Amy¯’Zvq wPwKrmv wm×všÍ I Li‡Pi
Rb¨ cyiæ‡li Dci wbf©i K‡i Ki‡Z nq|
 bvixivB al©Y I Acni‡Yi wkKvi nb hv Zv‡ì kix‡i cÖRbbZ‡š¿i msµgY,
†hŠb‡ivM I GBPAvBwf/ GBWm G AvµvšÍ nIqvi SuywK A‡bK evwo‡q †`q|
 GB ai‡bi †ivM bvixi I cyiæl Df‡qiB cvwievwiK I Drcv`bg~jK
Kg©¶gZvi Dci †bwZevPK cÖfve †d‡j|
 G Ae¯’vq Mf©aviY bvixi Rxeb‡K Av‡iv SuywKc~Y© K‡i Zzj‡Z cv‡i| Avevi
A‡bK mgq Rivqy †K‡U †djvi Kvi‡Y bvixi mšÍvb aviY ¶gZv nvwi‡q hvq|
 †hŠbKg©x wn‡m‡e †h‡nZz bvixivB KvR K‡i _v‡K ZvB Zv‡ì cÖRbbZ‡š¿i
msµgY I †hŠb‡ivM AvµvšÍ nIqvi m¤¢vebv †_‡KB hvq| Ab¨w`‡K †hmg¯Í
cyiæ‡liv †hŠb‡mev MÖn‡Y bvix †hŠbKg©x‡ì Kv‡Q hvq ZvivI wKš‘ GB ai‡Yi
SuywKi evB‡i bb|
 GB ai‡bi †ivM KLbI KLbI eûweevn, weevwnZ bvixi Zvjv‡Ki ev
wbh©vZ‡bi KviY n‡q ùvovq|
66
gvZ…¯^v¯’¨ I Zvi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z †RÛvi †cÖwÿZmg~n

 A‡bK †ÿ‡Î bvix Zvi eqm, gb I kixi mšÍvb Rš§`v‡bi Rb¨ cÖ¯‘Z wK-bv
Zv we‡ePbvq bv wb‡qB ïaygvÎ cyiæ‡li wb‡Ri B”Qvq ev kïi kvïixi B”Qvq
mšÍvb Mf©avi‡Y eva¨ nq|
 Avgv‡ì mgv‡R Ggb A‡bK Kzms¯‹vi cÖPwjZ Av‡Q hv bvix‡K Zvi Mf©aviY
I cÖmywZKvjxb mg‡q cÖ‡qvRbxq Lv`¨ I ¯^v¯’¨‡mev n‡Z ewÂZ K‡i| d‡j
bvix I wkïi g‡a¨ cywónxbZv weivR K‡i| †hgb : A‡bK mgv‡R cwievi¸‡jv
g‡b K‡i †h Mf©ve¯’vq bvix AwZwi³ Lvevi †L‡j M‡f©i mšÍvb †ewk eo n‡q
hv‡e hv cÖmeKvwjb mg‡q RwUjZv m„wó Ki‡e|
 A‡bK cwievi Mf©Kvjxb mg‡qI bvix‡K Zvi ˆ`bw›`b evwoi Kv‡Ri mv‡_
fvwi KvR Pvwj‡q †h‡Z eva¨ K‡i hvi Kvi‡Y †m cÖ‡qvRbxq wekªvg †bevi
my‡hvM cvq bv d‡j Mf©Kvjxb ev cÖmeKvjxb mg‡q RwUjZvi m„wó nq|
 A‡bK cwievi †g‡q mšÍvb M‡f© i‡q‡Q GgbwU Rvbvi c‡i Mf©Kvjxb mg‡q
cÖ‡qvRbxq †mev wel‡q Lye †ekx `vwqZ¡kxj _v‡Kb bv d‡j †mB cwiev‡ii
bvix Mf©Kvjxb ¯^v¯’¨ SuywKi g‡a¨ _v‡Kb|
 A‡bK bvix Mf©Kvjxb mg‡q wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi nevi Kvi‡Y Mf©Kvjxb ¯^v¯’¨
SuywKi g‡a¨ c‡ob|
 A‡bK cwievi M‡f© †g‡q mšÍvb Rvbvi c‡i Mf©cv‡Z eva¨ K‡i hv Zvi
gvbwlK I kvwiwiK ¯^v‡¯’ï ÿwZ mvab K‡i|
 A‡bK bvix‡K ci ci †g‡q mšÍvb Rš§ †èvi Kvi‡Y bvbv ai‡Yi cvwievwiK
wbh©vZb mn¨ Ki‡Z nq GgbwK KLbI KLbI cyiæ‡li eûweevn ev bvixi
Rxe‡b Zvjv‡Ki gZ NUbvI N‡U|
67
beRvZK/wkï¯^v¯’¨ I Zvi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z †RÛvi †cÖwÿZmg~n
 wkïi mvaviY †ivM e¨vwa bvixi cÖwZw`‡bi Kv‡Ri Pvc Av‡iv

evwo‡q †`q| d‡j Drcv`bg~jK Kv‡R e¨q Kivi gZ mgq K‡g
hvq| Ab¨w`‡K wb‡Ri ¯^v¯’¨ cwiPh©vq g‡bv‡hvM K‡g hvq|
 wkïi mvaviY †ivM e¨vwa cÖwZ‡iv‡ai mv‡_ †h KvR¸‡jv Rwo‡q
Av‡Q Zv bvix‡K Zvi cwiev‡i GKvB m¤úv`b Ki‡Z nq|
 wkïi mvaviY †ivM e¨vwai KviY I cÖwZKvi Ges cÖwZ‡iva wel‡q
bvixiv ¯^v¯’¨ Kg©xi wbKU n‡Z wKQz Z_¨ I civgk© cvq| G‡ÿ‡Î
¯^v¯’¨ Kg©xi wbKU n‡Z cyiæ‡li Z_¨ cÖvwßi my‡hvM Zzjbvg~jK Kg|
 wkïi Amy¯’Zv bvix I cyiæl Dfq‡KB gvbwmKfv‡e wech©¯Í K‡i
†Zv‡j Ges Zv‡ì gvbwmK ¯^v¯’¨nvwb N‡U|
 Av‡bK mgq beRvZK ev wkïg„Zy¨ bvixi Zvjv‡Ki KviY n‡q
ùvovq|
68
mnvq‡Ki †bvU
cÖRbb¯^v¯’¨ I Zvi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z †RÛvi †cÖwÿZmg~n :

 cÖRbbZ‡š¿i msµgY I †hŠb‡iv‡M AvµvšÍ nIqvi m¤¢vebv bvix‡ìB †ekx †Kbbv wbivc` kixwiK m¤úK©
I Gi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv wel‡q Zv‡ì Z_¨ cÖvwßi my‡hvM cyiæ‡li Zzjbvq Kg|
 wbivc` kvixwiK m¤ú‡K©i wbqš¿Y bvixi nv‡Z _v‡K bv KviY A‡bK †¶‡Î cyiæ‡liv Rš§wbqš¿‡Y KbWg
eënvi Ki‡Z ivRx _v‡K bv| Ab¨w`‡K bvixi Dci cÖ‡qvM Kiv hvq Ggb Rš§wbqš¿Y c×wZ¸‡jvi g‡a¨
me¸‡jv wKš‘y cvk¦-© cÖwZwµqvgy³ bq| d‡j †m¸‡jv A‡bK mgq bvixi kvixwiK my¯’Zv I De©iZvi mv‡_
m½wZc~Y© nq bv|
 cÖRbbZ‡š¿i msµgY I †hŠb‡iv‡M AvµvšÍ n‡j A‡bK bvix mgvR ev cwiev‡ii KUv‡¶i f‡q gyL †Lv‡j
bv| d‡j †m AviI eo ai‡bi kvixwiK mgm¨vq c‡i| Ab¨w`‡K Zvi GB ai‡bi Amy¯Z ’ vq wPwKrmv wm×všÍ
I Li‡Pi Rb¨ cyiæ‡li Dci wbf©i K‡i Ki‡Z nq|
 bvixivB al©Y I Acni‡Yi wkKvi nb hv Zv‡ì kix‡i cÖRbbZ‡š¿i msµgY, †hŠb‡ivM I GBPAvBwf/
GBWm G AvµvšÍ nIqvi SuywK A‡bK evwo‡q †`q|
 GB ai‡bi †ivM bvixi I cyiæl Df‡qiB cvwievwiK I Drcv`bg~jK Kg©¶gZvi Dci †bwZevPK cÖfve
†d‡j|
 G Ae¯’vq Mf©aviY bvixi Rxeb‡K Av‡iv SuywKc~Y© K‡i Zzj‡Z cv‡i| Avevi A‡bK mgq Rivqy †K‡U
†djvi Kvi‡Y bvixi mšÍvb aviY ¶gZv nvwi‡q hvq|
 †hŠbKg©x wn‡m‡e †h‡nZz bvixivB KvR K‡i _v‡K ZvB Zv‡ì cÖRbbZ‡š¿i msµgY I †hŠb‡ivM AvµvšÍ
nIqvi m¤¢vebv †_‡KB hvq| Ab¨w`‡K †hmg¯Í cyiæ‡liv †hŠb‡mev MÖn‡Y †hŠb Kg©x‡ì Kv‡Q hvq ZvivI
wKš‘ GB ai‡Yi SuwKi evB‡i bb|
 GB ai‡bi †ivM KLbI KLbI †mB cwiev‡i cyiæ‡li eûweevn A_ev weevnxZ bvixi Zvjv‡Ki ev
wbh©vZ‡bi KviY n‡q ùvovq hv †gv‡UI Kvg¨ bq|
gvZ…¯^v¯’¨ I Zvi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z †RÛvi †cÖwÿZmg~n:

 A‡bK †ÿ‡Î bvix Zvi eqm, gb I kixi mšÍvb Rš§`v‡bi Rb¨ cÖ¯‘Z wK-bv Zv we‡ePbvq bv wb‡qB ïaygvÎ
cyiæ‡li wb‡Ri B”Qvq ev kïi-kvïixi B”Qvq mšÍvb Mf©avi‡Y eva¨ nq|
 Avgv‡ì mgv‡R Ggb A‡bK Kzms¯‹vi cÖPwjZ Av‡Q hv bvix‡K Zvi Mf©aviY I cÖmywZKvjxb mg‡q
cÖ‡qvRbxq Lv`¨ I ¯^v¯’¨‡mev n‡Z ewÂZ K‡i| d‡j bvix I wkïi g‡a¨ cywónxbZv weivR K‡i| †hgb :
A‡bK mgv‡R cwievi¸‡jv g‡b K‡i †h Mf©ve¯’vq bvix AwZwi³ Lvevi †L‡j M‡f©i mšÍvb †ekx eo n‡q
hv‡e hv cÖmeKvjxb mg‡q RwUjZv m„wó Ki‡e|
 A‡bK cwievi Mf©Kvjxb mg‡qI bvix‡K Zvi ˆ`bw›`b evwoi Kv‡Ri mv‡_ fvwi KvR Pvwj‡q †h‡Z eva¨
K‡i hvi Kvi‡Y †m cÖ‡qvRbxq wekªvg †bevi my‡hvM cvq bv d‡j Mf©Kvjxb ev cÖmeKvjxb mg‡q RwUjZvi
m„wó nq|
69
 A‡bK cwievi †g‡q mšÍvb M‡f© i‡q‡Q GgbwU Rvbvi c‡i Mf©Kvjxb mg‡q cÖ‡qvRbxq †mev wel‡q Lye
†ekx `vwqZ¡kxj _v‡Kb bv d‡j †mB cwiev‡ii bvix Mf©Kvjxb ¯^v¯’¨ SuywKi g‡a¨ _v‡Kb|
 A‡bK bvix Mf©Kvjxb mg‡q wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi nevi Kvi‡Y Mf©Kvjxb ¯^v¯’¨ SuywKi g‡a¨ c‡ob|
 A‡bK cwievi M‡f© †g‡q mšÍvb Rvbvi c‡i Mf©cv‡Z eva¨ K‡i hv Zvi gvbwlK I kvixwiK ¯^v‡¯’ï ÿwZ
mvab K‡i|
 A‡bK bvix‡K ci ci †g‡q mšÍvb Rš§ †èvi Kvi‡Y bvbv ai‡Yi cvwievwiK wbh©vZb mn¨ Ki‡Z nq
GgbwK KLbI KLbI †Kvb †Kvb bvixi Rxe‡b Gi Rb¨ Zvjv‡Ki gZ NUbvI N‡U| Avevi KLbI KLbI
GwU‡K KviY wn‡m‡e `vuo Kwi‡q †Kvb †Kvb cyiæl Ab¨ bvix‡K weven K‡i hv †Kvb g‡ZB Kvg¨ bq|
beRvZK/ wkï¯^v¯’¨ I Zvi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z †RÛvi †cÖwÿZmg~n :

 wkïi mvaviY †ivM e¨vwa bvixi cÖwZw`‡bi Kv‡Ri Pvc Av‡iv evwo‡q †`q| d‡j Drcv`bg~jK Kv‡R e¨q
Kivi gZ mgq K‡g hvq| Ab¨w`‡K wb‡Ri ¯^v¯’¨ cwiPh©vq g‡bv‡hvM K‡g hvq|
 wkïi mvaviY †ivM e¨vwa cÖwZ‡iv‡ai mv‡_ †h KvR¸‡jv Rwo‡q Av‡Q Zv bvix‡K Zvi cwiev‡i GKvB
m¤úv`b Ki‡Z nq|
 wkïi mvaviY †ivM e¨vwai KviY I cÖwZKvi Ges cÖwZ‡iva wel‡q bvixiv ¯^v¯’¨ Kg©xi wbKU n‡Z wKQz Z_¨
I civgk© cvq| G‡ÿ‡Î ¯^v¯’¨ Kg©xi wbKU n‡Z cyiæ‡li Z_¨ cÖvwßi my‡hvM Zzjbvg~jK Kg|
 wkïi Amy¯Z’ v bvix I cyiæl Dfq‡KB gvbwmKfv‡e wech©¯Í K‡i †Zv‡j Ges Zv‡ì gvbwlK ¯^v¯’¨nvwb
N‡U|
 Av‡bK mgq beRvZK ev wkïg„Zy¨ bvix wbh©vZb, eûweevn ev Zvjv‡Ki KviY n‡q ùvovq hv †Kvbfv‡eB
Kvg¨ bq|
70
Awa‡ekbt mvZ
D‡Ïk¨:
AskMÖnYKvixMY:
 cvwievwiK¯^v¯’¨, eq:mwÜKvjxb ¯^v¯’¨ I GBPAvBwf/GBW‡mi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z †RÛvi †cÖwÿZ¸‡jv we‡kølY

Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
Av‡jvP¨ welq:
 cvwievwiK¯^v¯’¨ I cywó I Zvi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z †RÛvi †cÖwÿZmg~n|

 eq:mwÜKvjxb ¯^v¯’¨ I Zvi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z †RÛvi †cÖwÿZmg~n|
 GBPAvBwf/GBWm I Zvi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z †RÛvi †cÖwÿZmg~n|
mgq: 75 wgwbU
DcKiY: møvBW, †evW©, gvK©vi
cÖwµqv:
1. cvwievwiK¯^v¯’¨ I cywó I Zvi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z †RÛvi †cÖwÿZmg~n (mgq 25 wgwbU)
o AskMÖnYKvix‡ì Kv‡Q cvwievwiK¯^v¯’¨ I cywó I Zvi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z †RÛvi †cÖwÿZmg~n m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z
Pvb Ges Zv‡ì gZvgZ¸‡jv g‡bv‡hvM mnKv‡i ïbyb|
o Zv‡ì gZvgZ †kvbv †kl n‡j Awa‡ekb-7, ¯øvBW-1 Dc¯’vcb Kiæb Ges cÖwZwU wel‡q e¨vL¨v cÖ`vb
2. eq:mwÜKvjxb ¯^v¯’¨ I Zvi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z †RÛvi †cÖwÿZmg~n (mgq 30 wgwbU)
o AskMÖnYKvix‡ì Kv‡Q eq:mwÜKvjxb ¯^v¯’¨ I Zvi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z †RÛvi †cÖwÿZmg~n m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z Pvb
71
3. GBPAvBwf/GBWm I Zvi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z †RÛvi †cÖwÿZmg~n (mgq 20 wgwbU)
o AskMÖnYKvix‡ì Kv‡Q GBPAvBwf/GBWm I Zvi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z †RÛvi †cÖwÿZmg~n m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z Pvb
Kiæb| mwVK wkÿY wbwðZ n‡q‡Q e‡j g‡b n‡j abëv` w`‡q GB Awa‡ek‡bi BwZ Uvbyb|
72
cvwievwiK¯^v¯’¨ I cywó I Zvi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z †RÛvi †cÖwÿZmg~n

 cwiev‡ii m`m¨‡ì e¨w³MZ cwi¯‹vi cwi”QbœZv I ¯^v¯’¨Ki Af¨v‡mi
Afv‡e †h mg¯Í †ivM-evjvB nq Zv bvixi cÖwZw`‡bi Kv‡Ri Pvc
Av‡iv evwo‡q †`q|
 ¯^v¯’¨Ki Af¨v‡mi g‡a¨ GKgvÎ cwikªg Qvov wekªvg, Nyg, ¯^v¯’¨ m¤§Z
Lvevi, I we‡bv`b BZ¨vw` mg¯Í †¶‡ÎB bvix my‡hvM Kg| cÖPÛ
mvsmvwiK Kv‡Ri Pvc Zvi wekªvg, Nyg I we‡bv`‡bi my‡hvM Kwg‡q
†`q Ges msmv‡ii mevi Lvevi †èvi c‡i hv Aewkó _v‡K ZvB
Lvq| d‡j bvixi my¯^v¯’¨ I cywó welqwU ûgwKi gy‡L _v‡K|
 mwVK cywói Afv‡e cyiæ‡liI Drcv`bkxj KvR Kivi ÿgZv K‡g hvq
Ges †ivM-evjvB †ewk nq d‡j Zvi Amy¯’Zv †mB msmviwUi Avq-
†ivRMvi I cÖwZw`‡bi Lvev‡ii ms¯’v‡bi Dci †bZxevPK cÖfve we¯Ívi
K‡i|
 czwónxb cyiæl wLUwL‡U †gRv‡Ri nq d‡j A‡bK mgq msmv‡i
`v¤úZ¨ Kjn †`Lv †`q|
73
eq:mwÜKvjxb ¯^v¯’¨ I Zvi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z †RÛvi †cÖwÿZmg~n

 GB eq‡mi kvixwiK I gvbwmK cwieZ©b wK‡kvi I wK‡kvixi g‡b wewfbœ
ai‡bi cÖ‡kœi Rb¥ †`q wKš‘ †mB mg‡q wK‡kvixiv gv Qvov Ggb †Kvb
wbf©i‡hvM¨ Drm cvq bv †hLvb †_‡K †m Z_¨ †c‡Z cv‡i| Avevi G‡ÿ‡Î
wK‡kviiv cwiev‡ii Kv‡iv KvQ †_‡K Z_¨ cvqbv d‡j eÜz‡ì Dci wbf©i
K‡i| GB mg¯Í Drm wKš‘ wb©fzj bq d‡j Zviv AvaywbK Z_¨ cªvwßi my‡hvM
n‡Z ewÂZ nq|
 G eq‡m wK‡kvixiv Av‡eMcÖeY _v‡K d‡j A‡bïv Zvi †m `~e©jZvi my‡hvM
wb‡Z Pvq| G eq‡m †KD †KD al©Ymn bvbv ai‡Yi †hŠb wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi
nq| d‡j Zvi gvbwmK ¯^v¯’¨nvwb N‡U|
 G eq‡m Zvi kvixwiK cwieZ©b A‡bï `„wó‡MvPi nq d‡j Zvi cÖwZ A‡bïv
AvKl©Y †eva K‡i Ges Zv‡K DË¨v³ K‡i| GwUI Zvi gvbwlK ¯^v¯’¨nvwbi
KviY n‡q ùvov‡Z cv‡i|
 G eqm n‡ZB mgvR I msmvi wK‡kvix‡ì cy‡ivcywifv‡e bvix n‡Z †kLvq|
msmv‡ii bvbv cÖKvi KvR K‡g©i `vwqZ¡ Zvi Dci Awc©Z nq| AwaK Kg©`vwqZ¡
Zvi cywó Pvwn`v evwo‡q †`q|
 Zvi mvgvwRK wbivcËvi welqwU AwaK ¸iæZ¡ cvq Ges Zvi Pjv‡div, APiY,
¯‹z‡j hvIqv BZ¨vwì Dci cvKv-†cv³fv‡e wbqš¿Y Av‡ivc Kiv nq| GwU
A‡bK mgq Zvi gvbwmK ¯^v¯’¨nvwbi Kvib n‡q ùvov‡Z cv‡i|
 G e‡q‡m wK‡kvix I wK‡kvi DfqB wLUwg‡U †gRv‡Ri nq| Zv‡ì g‡a¨
welbœZv KvR K‡i| ZvB Zv‡ì kvixwiK I gvbwmK ¯^v‡¯’ï cÖwZ cwiev‡ii
m`m¨‡ì we‡kl hbœevb _vKv DwPZ| wPwKrmv †mev †K›`ª¸‡jv‡Z Kg©iZ
wPwKrmKM‡Yi DwPZ Zv‡ì mgm¨v¸‡jv fvj K‡i Rvbv Ges hZœmnKv‡i
cÖ‡qvRbxq kvixwiK I gvbwmK wPwKrmv cÖ`vb Kiv|
74
GBPAvBwf/GBWm I Zvi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z †RÛvi †cÖwÿZmg~n

 †hŠbKg©x wn‡m‡e †h‡nZz bvixivB KvR K‡i _v‡K ZvB Zv‡ì
GBPAvBwf/ GBWm G AvµvšÍ nIqvi m¤¢vebv †_‡KB hvq| Ab¨w`‡K
†hmg¯Í cyiæ‡liv †hŠb‡mev MÖn‡Y bvix †hŠb Kg©x‡ì Kv‡Q hvq ZvivI
wKš‘ GB ai‡Yi SuwKi evB‡i bb| Avevi mgKvgxZvi gva¨‡gI GB
†iv‡Mi msµgY n‡Z cv‡i|
 wbivc` kvixwiK m¤ú‡K©i wbqš¿Y bvixi nv‡Z _v‡K bv Kvib A‡bK
†¶‡Î cyiæ‡liv KbWg eënvi Ki‡Z ivRx _v‡K bv| GB mg¯Í †ÿ‡Î
bvix I cyiæl Df‡qB GBPAvBwf/ GBWm SuywKi g‡a¨ _v‡K|
 GBPAvBwf/ GBWm m¤úwK©Z wel‡q cyiæ‡li Zyjbvq bvixi Z_¨
cÖvwßi my‡hvM ZzjbvgyjK Kg|
 †Kvb cwiev‡i GB †ivMx †`Lv †M‡j †mB cwiev‡ii bvixivB Zvi me
ai‡bi †mevi `vwqZ¡fvi cvq d‡j Zvi Kv‡Ri Pvc AviI †e‡o
hvq|
 mu~P Øviv eënvi Kiv nq Ggb gv`K`ªe¨ †mebKvix †h‡nZz cyiæ‡livB
†ekx ZvB mu~P Øviv gv`K`ªe¨ MÖnYKv‡j GB †iv‡Mi msµgY m¤¢vebv
cyiæ‡liB †ekx|
 GBPAvBwf/ GBWm AvµvšÍ bvixi Rxe‡b mvgvwRK I cvwievwiK
AeÁv, Ae‡njv I Zv‡K Gwo‡q Pjvi cÖeYZv cyiæ‡li Zzjbvq A‡bK
†ekx|
75
mnvq‡Ki †bvU
cvwievwiK¯^v¯’¨ I cywó I Zvi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z †RÛvi †cÖwÿZmg~n

 cwiev‡ii m`m¨‡ì e¨w³MZ cwi¯‹vi cwi”QbœZv I ¯^v¯’¨Ki Af¨v‡mi Afv‡e †h mg¯Í †ivM-evjvB nq Zv
bvixi cÖwZw`‡bi Kv‡Ri Pvc Av‡iv evwo‡q †`q|
 ¯^v¯’¨Ki Af¨v‡mi g‡a¨ GKgvÎ cwikªg Qvov wekªvg, Nyg, ¯^v¯’¨ m¤§Z Lvevi, I we‡bv`b BZ¨vw` mg¯Í
†¶‡ÎB bvix my‡hvM Kg| cÖPÛ mvsmvwiK Kv‡Ri Pvc Zvi wekªvg, Nyg I we‡bv`‡bi my‡hvM Kwg‡q †`q
Ges msmv‡ii mevi Lvevi †èvi c‡i hv Aewkó _v‡K ZvB Lvq| d‡j bvixi my¯v^ ¯’¨ I cywó welqwU
ûgwKi gy‡L _v‡K|
 mwVK cywói Afv‡e cyiæ‡liI Drcv`bkxj KvR Kivi ÿgZv K‡g hvq Ges †ivM-evjvB †ekx nq d‡j Zvi
Amy¯’Zv †mB msmviwUi Avq-‡ivRMvi I cÖwZw`‡bi Lvev‡ii ms¯’v‡bi Dci FbvZ¡K cÖfve we¯Ívi K‡i|
 czwónxb cyiæl wLUwL‡U †gRv‡Ri nq d‡j A‡bK mgq msmv‡i `v¤úZ¨ Kjn †`Lv †`q|
eq:mwÜKvjxb ¯^v¯’¨ I Zvi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z †RÛvi †cÖwÿZmg~n

 GB eq‡mi kvixwiK I gvbwmK cwieZ©b wK‡kvi I wK‡kvixi g‡b wewfbœ ai‡bi cÖ‡kœi Rb¥ †`q wKš‘ †mB
mg‡q wK‡kvixiv gv Qvov Ggb †Kvb wbf©i‡hvM¨ Drm cvqbv †hLvb †_‡K †m Z_¨ †c‡Z cv‡i| Avevi
G‡ÿ‡Î wK‡kviiv cwiev‡ii Kv‡iv KvQ †_‡K Z_¨ cvqbv d‡j eÜz‡ì Dci wbf©i K‡i| GB mg¯Í Drm
wKš‘ wbf©j
y bq d‡j Zviv AvaywbK Z_¨ cªvwßi my‡hvM n‡Z ewÂZ nq|
 G eq‡m wK‡kvixiv Av‡eMcÖeY _v‡K d‡j A‡bïv Zvi †m `~e©jZvi my‡hvM wb‡Z Pvq| G eq‡m †KD †KD
al©Ymn bvbv ai‡Yi †hŠb wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi nq| d‡j Zvi gvbwlK ¯^v‡¯’¨nvwb N‡U|
 G eq‡m Zvi kvixwiK cwieZ©b A‡bï `„wó‡MvPi nq d‡j Zvi cÖwZ A‡bïv AvKl©Y †eva K‡i Ges Zv‡K
DË¨v³ K‡i| GwUI Zvi gvbwmK ¯^v¯’¨nvwbi KviY n‡q ùvov‡Z cv‡i|
 G eqm n‡ZB mgvR I msmvi wK‡kvix‡ì cy‡ivcywifv‡e bvix n‡Z †kLvq| msmv‡ii bvbv cÖKvi KvR
K‡g©i `vwqZ¡ Zvi Dci Awc©Z nq| AwaK Kg©`vwqZ¡ Zvi cywó Pvwn`v evwo‡q †`q|
 Zvi mvgvwRK wbivcËvi welqwU AwaK ¸iæZ¡ cvq Ges Zvi Pjv‡div, APiY, ¯‹z‡j hvIqv BZ¨vwì Dci
cvKv-†cv³fv‡e wbqš¿Y Av‡ivc Kiv nq| GwU A‡bK mgq Zvi gvbwlK ¯^v¯’¨nvwbi KviY n‡q ùvov‡Z
cv‡i|
 G e‡q‡m wK‡kvix I wK‡kvi DfqB wLUwg‡U †gRv‡Ri nq| Zv‡ì g‡a¨ welbœZv KvR K‡i| ZvB Zv‡ì
kvixwiK I gvbwmK ¯^v‡¯’ï cÖwZ cwiev‡ii m`m¨‡ì we‡kl hZœevb _vKv DwPZ| wPwKrmv †mev
†K›`ª¸‡jv‡Z Kg©iZ wPwKrmKM‡Yi DwPZ Zv‡ì mgm¨¸‡jv fvj K‡i Rvbv Ges hZœmnKv‡i cÖ‡qvRbxq
kvixwiK I gvbwmK wPwKrmv cÖ`vb Kiv|
76
GBPAvBwf/GBWm I Zvi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z †RÛvi †cÖwÿZmg~n

 †hŠbKg©x wn‡m‡e †h‡nZz bvixivB KvR K‡i _v‡K ZvB Zv‡ì GBPAvBwf/ GBWm G AvµvšÍ nIqvi
m¤¢vebv †_‡KB hvq| Ab¨w`‡K †hmg¯Í cyiæ‡liv †hŠb‡mev MÖn‡Y bvix †hŠb Kg©x‡ì Kv‡Q hvq ZvivI wKš‘
GB ai‡Yi SuwKi evB‡i bb| Avevi mgKvgxZvi gva¨‡gI GB †iv‡Mi msµgY n‡Z cv‡i|
 wbivc` kvixwiK m¤ú‡K©i wbqš¿Y bvixi nv‡Z _v‡K bv KviY A‡bK †¶‡Î cyiæ‡liv Rš§wbqš¿‡Y KbWg
eënvi Ki‡Z ivRx _v‡K bv| GB mg¯Í †ÿ‡Î bvix I cyiæl Df‡qB GBPAvBwf/ GBWm SuywKi g‡a¨
_v‡K|
 GBPAvBwf/ GBWm m¤úwK©Z wel‡q cyiæ‡li Zyjbvq bvixi Z_¨ cÖvwßi my‡hvM ZzjbvgyjK Kg|
 †Kvb cwiev‡i GB †ivMx †`Lv †M‡j †mB cwiev‡ii bvixivB Zvi me ai‡bi †mevi `vwqZ¡fvi cvq d‡j
Zvi Kv‡Ri Pvc AviI †e‡o hvq|
 mu~P Øviv eënvi Kiv nq Ggb gv`K`ªe¨ †mebKvix †h‡nZz cyiæ‡livB †ekx ZvB mu~P Øviv gv`K`ªe¨
MÖnYKv‡j GB †iv‡Mi msµgY m¤¢vebv cyiæ‡liB †ekx|
 GBPAvBwf/ GBWm AvµvšÍ bvixi Rxe‡b mvgvwRK I cvwievwiK AeÁv, Ae‡njv I Zv‡K Gwo‡q Pjvi
cÖeYZv cyiæ‡li Zzjbvq A‡bK †ekx|
77
Awa‡ekbt AvU
D‡Ïk¨:
AskMÖnYKvixMY:
 †RÛvi ms‡e`bkxj wPwKrmv †K‡›`ªi êwkó¨ we‡kølY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
Av‡jvP¨ welq:
 †RÛvi ms‡e`bkxj wPwKrmv †K›`ª
mgq: 60 wgwbU
c×wZ: †QvU `‡j KvR, †Lvjv‡gjv Av‡jvPbv I Dc¯’vcbv|
DcKiY: †cvóvi †ccvi, AvU©jvBbvi, gvK©vi I møvBW|
cÖwµqv:
1. †RÛvi ms‡e`bkxj wPwKrmv †K›`ª (mgq 60 wgwbU)
o G ch©v‡q AskMÖnYKvix‡ì ejyb, cÖvqB GgbwU †kvbv hvq †h GKwU nvmcvZvj ev wK¬wbK‡K †RÛvi
ms‡e`bkxj †mev`vbKvix cÖwZóv‡b cwiYZ Ki‡Z n‡j wK wK Ki‡Z n‡e| GLb Avgiv †QvU `‡j fvM n‡q
Avgv‡ì wPwKrmv †K›`ª¸‡jv‡K wKfv‡e †RÛvi ms‡e`bkxj †mev`vbKvix cÖwZôv‡b cwiYZ Kiv hvq Zv
wbY©q Ki‡ev| cÖ‡qvR‡b `jxq Kv‡Ri welqwU †ev‡W© wj‡L w`b|
o Dcw¯’Z AskMÖnYKvix‡ì PviwU †QvU `‡j fvM Kiæb| `j¸‡jv‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq †cvóvi †ccvi I gK©vi
mieivn Kiæb| `jMZ Kv‡Ri Rb¨ wba©vwiZ RvqMv †`wL‡q w`b Ges `jxq Kv‡Ri Rb¨ 20 wgwbU mgq
eivÏ Kiæb|
o `jxq KvR PjvKv‡j Ny‡i Ny‡i †`Lyb †h Zvi mwVKfv‡e KvRwU Ki‡Z cvi‡Q wK-bv| cÖ‡qvR‡b `‡ji
MwZkxjZv Avbq‡b Ges KvRwU mwVK Lv‡Z cÖevwnZ Ki‡Z mnvqZv Kiæb Z‡e wb‡R †Kvb DËi ev c‡q›U
e‡j w`‡eb bv|
o `jxq KvR †kl n‡j †m¸‡jv Dc¯’vcb Kivb|
o G ch©v‡q Awa‡ekb-8, ¯øvBW-1 Dc¯’vcb Kiæb Ges cÖwZwU wel‡q mnvq‡Ki †bv‡U †`qv Z_¨ gv_vq wb‡q
e¨vL¨v cÖ`vb Kiæb| mwVK wkÿY wbwðZ n‡q‡Q e‡j g‡b n‡j abëv` w`‡q †kl Kiæb|
78
†RÛvi ms‡e`bkxj nvmcvZvj I wK¬wbK

 wPwKrmv †K‡›`ªi wPwKrmK, Kg©KZ©v I Kg©Pvixe„›` bvix I cyiæl †ivMx I Zv‡ì mv‡_
hviv nvmcvZv‡j G‡m‡Qb mK‡ji mv‡_ †RÛvi ms‡e`bkxj AvPiY Ki‡Z n‡e|
 bvix †ivMxi wPwKrmvq GKwU Avjv`v BDwbU (bvix †ivMx wPwKrmv BDwbU) hv bvix
wPwKrmK I bvix Kg©Pvix Øviv cwiPvwjZ Zvi eë¯’v ivLv †h‡Z cv‡i|
 wPwKrmv †K‡›`ªi wPwKrmK, Kg©KZ©v I Kg©Pvixe„›` hv‡Z †RÛvi ms‡e`bkxj wPwKrmv
†mev cÖ`vb Ki‡Z cv‡ib GB Rb¨ wbqwgZ cÖwkÿY, †mwgbvi I IqvK©k‡ci eë¯’v
Ki‡Z n‡e|
 wPwKrmv †K‡›`ª bvix †ivMxi we‡kl †iv‡Mi wPwKrmvq cÖ‡qvRbgZ bvix we‡klÁ wPwKrmK
_vK‡Z n‡e|
 bvix †ivMxi wewfbœ ai‡Yi ev‡qvjwRK¨vj cixÿv bvix wPwKrmK ev bvix wPwKrmK bv
_vK‡j bv‡m©i mnvqZvq m¤úbœ Kivi eë¯’v _vK‡Z n‡e|
 wPwKrmv †K‡›`ª AvDU‡Wvi bvix-cyiæl †ivMxi Rb¨ Avjv`v Avjv`v A‡cÿv ¯’vb, Uq‡jU,
†mevMÖnY jvBb BZ¨vwì eë¯’v ivL‡Z n‡e|
 A‡bK bvix †ivMx ev Zvi mv‡_ Avmv bvix gv‡qi `ya cvb Ki‡Q Ggb wkïmn wPwKrmv
†K‡›`ª Av‡mb| Zviv †hb Zv‡ì wkï‡K gv‡qi `ya cvb Kiv‡Z cv‡ib Zvi Rb¨ GKwU
†Niv K‡ÿi eë¯’v ivL‡Z n‡e|
 wPwKrmv †K‡›`ª bvix-cyiæl †ivMxi Rb¨ wK wK mvaviY I we‡klvwqZ †mevi my‡hvM i‡q‡Q
Ges †m¸‡jvi Rb¨ wK wK LiP jvM‡e Zvi ZvwjKv Z_¨‡ev‡W© cÖKvk Ki‡Z n‡e hv‡Z
K‡i †m¸‡jv mevi `„wó‡MvPi nq|
 AvaywbK Mf©Kvjxb †mev I cÖmywZ‡mevi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb Ggb mewKQzi eë¯’v _vK‡Z n‡e|
 wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi bvixi Rb¨ we‡kl kvixwiK I gvbwmK ¯^v¯’¨‡mevi eë¯’v ivL‡Z n‡e|
GB j‡ÿ¨ wPwKrmv †K‡›`ª we‡klÁ bvix wPwKrmK I bvix KvD‡Ýji _vK‡Z n‡e Ges
Iwmwm, wfKwUg mv‡cvU© †m›Uvi I ¯’vbxq cywjk Kg©KZ©v‡ì (we‡kl K‡i bvix cywjk)
mv‡_ GK‡hv‡M G wel‡q KvR Kivi gZ m¤úK©/ †hvMv‡hvM _vK‡Z n‡e|
 Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e bvix †ivMxiv Lye mn‡RB `vjvj‡ì Là‡o c‡ob| wPwKrmv †K›`ª¸‡jv
`vjvj gy³ ivL‡Z n‡e Ges bvix †ivMx‡ì `vjvj‡ì e¨cv‡i mveavb Ki‡Z n‡e|
 wPwKrmv †K›`ª¸‡jv‡Z †RÛvi ms‡e`bkxj ¯^v¯’¨‡mev welqK Awf‡hvM/civgk© e· ivL‡Z
n‡e Ges GKwU wbw`©ó mgq ci ci †m¸‡jv wiwfD Ki‡Z n‡e|
 me©‡cvwi bxwZ wba©viK cvh©‡q wPwKrmv †K›`ª¸‡jvi Rb¨ †RÛvi ms‡e`bkxj ¯^v¯’¨‡mev
welqK wb‡`©wkKv cÖ¯‘Z Ki‡Z n‡e Ges Zvi ev¯Íevqb I gwbUwis Ki‡Z n‡e|
79
mnvq‡Ki †bvU
†RÛvi ms‡e`bkxj nvmcvZvj I wK¬wbK:
cÖvqB GgbwU †kvbv hvq †h GKwU nvmcvZvj ev wK¬wbK‡K †RÛvi ms‡e`bkxj †mev`vbKvix cÖwZóv‡b cwiYZ
Ki‡Z n‡j wK wK Ki‡Z n‡e| GKwU nvmcvZvj ev wK¬wbK‡K †RÛvi ms‡e`bkxj †mev`vbKvix cÖwZôv‡b
cwiYZ Ki‡Z wb‡¤œi c`‡ÿç‡jv †bqv †h‡Z cv‡i|
 wPwKrmv †K‡›`ªi wPwKrmK, Kg©KZ©v I Kg©Pvixe„›` bvix I cyiæl †ivMx I Zv‡ì mv‡_ hviv nvmcvZv‡j
G‡m‡Qb mK‡ji mv‡_ †RÛvi ms‡e`bkxj AvPiY Ki‡Z n‡e|
 bvix †ivMxi wPwKrmvq GKwU Avjv`v BDwbU (bvix †ivMx wPwKrmv BDwbU) hv bvix wPwKrmK I bvix Kg©Pvix
Øviv cwiPvwjZ nq Ggb eë¯’v ivLv †h‡Z cv‡i|
 wPwKrmv †K‡›`ªi wPwKrmK, Kg©KZ©v I Kg©Pvixe„›` hv‡Z †RÛvi ms‡e`bkxj wPwKrmv †mev cÖ`vb Ki‡Z
cv‡ib GB Rb¨ wbqwgZ cÖwkÿY, †mwgbvi I IqvK©k‡ci eë¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e|
 wPwKrmv †K‡›`ª bvix †ivMxi we‡kl †iv‡Mi wPwKrmvq cÖ‡qvRbgZ bvix we‡klÁ wPwKrmK _vK‡Z n‡e|
 bvix †ivMxi wewfbœ ai‡Yi ev‡qvjwRK¨vj cixÿv bvix wPwKrmK ev bvix wPwKrmK bv _vK‡j bv‡m©i
mnvqZvq m¤úbœ Kivi eë¯’v _vK‡Z n‡e|
 wPwKrmv †K‡›`ª AvDU‡Wvi bvix-cyiæl †ivMxi Rb¨ Avjv`v Avjv`v A‡cÿv ¯’vb, Uq‡jU, †mev MÖnY jvBb
BZ¨vwì eë¯’v ivL‡Z n‡e|
 A‡bK bvix †ivMx ev Zvi mv‡_ Avmv bvix gvÕ‡qi `ya cvb Ki‡Q Ggb wkïmn wPwKrmv †K‡›`ª Av‡mb|
Zviv †hb Zv‡ì wkï‡K gvÕ‡qi `ya cvb Kiv‡Z cv‡ib Zvi Rb¨ GKwU †Niv K‡ÿi eë¯’v ivL‡Z n‡e|
 wPwKrmv †K‡›`ª bvix-cyiæl †ivMxi Rb¨ wK wK mvaviY I we‡klvwqZ †mevi my‡hvM i‡q‡Q Ges †m¸‡jvi
Rb¨ wK wK LiP jvM‡e Zvi ZvwjKv Z_¨‡ev‡W© cÖKvk Ki‡Z n‡e hv‡Z K‡i †m¸‡jv mevi `„wó‡MvPi nq|
 AvaywbK Mf©Kvjxb †mev I cÖmywZ‡mevi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb Ggb mewKQzi eë¯’v _vK‡Z n‡e|
 wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi bvixi Rb¨ we‡kl kvixwiK I gvbwmK ¯^v¯’¨‡mevi eë¯’v ivL‡Z n‡e| GB j‡ÿ¨ wPwKrmv
†K‡›`ª we‡klÁ bvix wPwKrmK I bvix KvD‡Ýji _vK‡Z n‡e Ges Iwmwm, wfKwUg mv‡cvU© †m›Uvi I ¯’vbxq
cywjk Kg©KZ©v‡ì (we‡kl K‡i bvix cywjk) mv‡_ GK‡hv‡M G wel‡q KvR Kivi gZ m¤úK©/ †hvMv‡hvM
_vK‡Z n‡e|
 Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e bvix †ivMxiv Lye mn‡RB `vjvj‡ì Là‡i c‡ob| wPwKrmv †K‡›`ª¸‡jv `vjvj gy³ ivL‡Z
n‡e Ges bvix †ivMx‡ì `vjvj‡ì e¨cv‡i mveavb Ki‡Z n‡e|
 wPwKrmv †K‡›`ª¸‡jv‡Z †RÛvi ms‡e`bkxj ¯^v¯’¨‡mev welqK Awf‡hvM/civgk© e· ivL‡Z n‡e Ges GKwU
wbw`©ó mgq ci ci †m¸‡jv wiwfD Ki‡Z n‡e|
 me©‡cvwi bxwZ wba©viK cvh©‡q wPwKrmv †K›`ª¸‡jvi Rb¨ †RÛvi ms‡e`bkxj ¯^v¯’¨‡mev welqK wb‡`©wkKv
cÖ¯‘Z Ki‡Z n‡e Ges Zvi ev¯Íevqb I gwbUwis Ki‡Z n‡e|
80
Awa‡ekbt bq
wk‡ivbvg: wd‡i †`Lv
D‡Ïk¨:
AskMÖnYKvixMY:
 Av‡Mi w`‡bi Av‡jvwPZ welq¸‡jvi c~Y:¯§iY Ki‡eb|

 Av‡Mi w`‡bi Av‡jvwPZ welq¸‡jv eyS‡Z †Kv_vI †Kvb mgm¨v _vK‡j †mB wel‡q Av‡jvPbv Kivi my‡hvM
cv‡eb|
Av‡jvP¨ welq:
 Av‡Mi w`‡bi Av‡jvwPZ welq¸‡jvi c~Y:¯§iY
mgq: 90 wgwbU
c×wZ: †Lvjv‡gjv Av‡jvPbv Ges cÖkœ I DËi|
DcKiY: †cvóvi †ccvi, gvK©vi, †evW©, wfc KvW©|
cÖwµqv:
1. Av‡Mi w`‡bi Av‡jvwPZ welq¸‡jvi c~Y:¯§iY (mgq 90 wgwbU)
o AskMÖnYKvix‡ì cÖ‡Z¨‡Kï Kv‡Q GKwU K‡i wfc KvW© w`b Ges AskMÖnYKvix wn‡m‡e MZ w`‡bi
Av‡jvPbvq me‡P‡q fvj ey‡S‡Qb Ggb GKwU welq Ges eyS‡Z me‡P‡q †ekx mgm¨v n‡q‡Q Ggb GKwU
welq wjL‡Z ej‡eb|
o Zv‡ì †jLv n‡q †M‡j Wvb w`K †_‡K Av‡jvPbv ïiæ Kiæb| cÖ_‡g AsMÖnYKvix‡ì‡K wZwb MZ w`‡bi
Av‡jvPbvq me‡P‡q †h welqwU fvj ey‡S‡Qb Zv wb‡q GKwU mswÿß e³e¨ w`‡Z ejyb| Gici MZ w`‡bi
Av‡jvPbvq †h welqwU eyS‡Z Zvi me‡P‡q †ekx mgm¨v n‡q‡Q †m welqwU ej‡Z ejyb|
o Gev‡i mKj AskMÖnYKvixi D‡Ï¨‡k ejyb †mB welqwU me‡P‡q fvj ey‡S‡Qb e‡j †K Zvi wfcKv‡W©
wj‡L‡Qb| whwb me‡P‡q fvj ey‡S‡Qb e‡j wfcKv‡W© wj‡L‡Qb Zv‡K †m wel‡q GKwU mswÿß e³e¨ w`‡Z
Aby‡iva Kiæb| Z‡e hw` †KD welqwU bv wj‡L _v‡K †m‡ÿ‡Î mnvqK wn‡m‡e wb‡R welqwU wb‡q mswÿß
Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|
o Gfv‡e mKj AskMÖnYKvixi Av‡jvPbv †kl n‡j abëv` w`‡q GB Awa‡ek‡bi BwZ Uvbyb|
81
†mkb bs: `k (GK)

wk‡ivbvg: bvix wbh©vZb, KviY I cÖwZKv‡i mvgvwRKfv‡e KiYxq
D‡Ïk¨:
cÖwk¶Yv_©xMY
1. bvix wbh©vZ‡bi KviY wPw‎ýZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

2. bvix wbh©vZ‡bi KviY wbY©q Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
3. bvix wbh©vZb cÖwZ‡iv‡a mvgvwRK c`‡ÿcmg~n wPw‎ýZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
Av‡jvP¨ welq:
 bvix wbh©vZb I cvwievwiK mwnsmZvi msÁv|

 bvix wbh©vZb m¤úwK©Z wKQz Z_¨|
 bvix wbh©vZ‡bi KviY|
 bvix wbh©vZb cÖwZ‡iv‡a mvgvwRKfv‡e KiYxq|
mgq: 90 wgwbU
c×wZ: †Lvjv‡gjv Av‡jvPbv, gy³ wPšÍvi So I Dc¯’vcbv|
DcKiY: wfcKvW©; AvU©jvBbvi, møvBW
cÖwµqv:
1. bvix wbh©vZb I cvwievwiK mwnsmZvi msÁv (mgq 20 wgwbU)

o AskMÖnYKvix‡ì Kv‡Q bvix wbh©vZb ej‡Z wK †evSvq G wel‡q Zv‡ì avibv Rvb‡Z Pvb| Zv‡ì
gZvgZ¸‡jv ïbyb| gvwë wgwWqvq Awa‡ekb-10.1, ¯øvBW-1 cÖ`k©b Kiæb Ges we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbvi
gva¨‡g wk¶Y wbwðZ Kiæb|
o AskMÖnYKvix‡ì Kv‡Q cvwievwiK mwnsmZv (†Wv‡gw÷K fv‡qv‡jÝ) ej‡Z wK †evSvq G wel‡q Zv‡ì
avibv Rvb‡Z Pvb| Zv‡ì gZvgZ¸‡jv ïbyb| gvwë wgwWqvq Awa‡ekb-10.1, ¯øvBW-2 cÖ`k©b Kiæb Ges
we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g wk¶Y wbwðZ Kiæb|
82
2. bvix wbh©vZb m¤úwK©Z wKQz Z_¨ (mgq 10 wgwbU)

o AskMÖnYKvix‡ì ejyb, Avmyb Avgiv wKQy Z_¨ †R‡b wbB hv mviv we‡k¦ Ges evsjv‡`‡k bvix wbh©vZb
m¤ú‡K© Avgv‡ì GKwU aviYv ˆZix K‡i †`‡e| gvwëwgwWqvq cÖ_‡g Awa‡ekb-10.1, ¯øvBW-3 Ges
Zvici Awa‡ekb-10.1, ¯øvBW-4 cÖ`k©b Kiæb| cÖ`wk©Z Z_¨¸‡jvi Dci we¯ÍvwiZ e¨vL¨v cÖ`v‡bi gva¨‡g
wk¶Y wbwðZ Kiæb|
3. bvix wbh©vZ‡bi KviY (mgq 35 wgwbU)

o G ch©v‡q AskMÖnYKvix‡ì ejyb GZ¶b Avgiv mviv c„w_ex‡Z Ges evsjv‡`‡k bvix wbh©vZb m¤ú‡K© wKQy
Z_¨ Rvbjvg| Gev‡i Avgiv bvix wbh©vZ‡bi KviY m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡ev| AskMÖnYKvix‡ì Kv‡Q bvix
wbh©vZ‡bi KviY m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z Pvb| Zv‡ì gZvgZ¸‡jv †cvóvi †ccv‡i wjLyb| n¨vÛAvD‡U G wel‡q
†`qv †Kvb c‡q›U bv G‡j wb‡R Zv ejyb Ges †cvóvi †ccv‡i wjLyb|
o mevi gZvgZ †`qv †kl n‡j †cvóvi †ccv‡i wjwLZ cÖwZwU welq wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiæb| Av‡jvPbvi mgq
welqwU †Kb Ges wKfv‡e Zv bvix wbh©vZ‡bi KviY n‡q ùvwo‡q‡Q Zv we‡kølY Kiæb|
4. bvixi wbh©vZb cÖwZ‡iv‡a mvgvwRKfv‡e KiYxq (mgq 25 wgwbU)

o AskMÖnYKvix‡ì Kv‡Q bvix wbh©vZb cÖwZ‡iv‡a mvgvwRKfv‡e wK wK Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i Zv Rvb‡Z Pvb|
Zv‡ì gZvgZ¸‡jv ïbyb Ges †ev‡W© wjLyb| Zv‡ì gZvgZ †`qv †kl n‡j gvwëwgwWqvq Awa‡ekb-10.1,
83
bvix wbhv©Zb
PFA ev †eBwRs cø¨vUdig di G¨vKkb Gi msÁv Abyhvqx ÔÔ†h †Kvb
ai‡Yi †RÛvi wfwËK wbhv©Zb hvi d‡j bvixi kvixwiK, †hŠb ev
gvbwmK ¶wZ ev †fvMvwšÍ nq †m¸‡jvB bvix wbhv©Zb| GLv‡b †h †Kvb
cÖKvi ûgwK A_ev Ggb †Kvb AvPiY hv bvixi ¯^vaxbZvi cÖwZ evav
¯îƒc †mwUI †RÛvi wfwËK wbhv©Z‡bi AvIZvq †bqv n‡q‡QÕÕ|
84
cwievwiK mwnsmZv
cvwievwiK mwnsmZv (cÖwZ‡iva I myi¶v) AvBb, 2010 Abyhvqx:

cwievwiK mwnsmZv ej‡Z cvwievwiK m¤úK© i‡q‡Q Ggb †Kvb e¨w³ KZ…©K cwiev‡ii Aci †Kvb
bvix ev wkï m`‡mï Dci kvixwiK wbh©vZb, gvbwmK wbh©vZb, †hŠb wbh©vZb A_ev Avw_©K ¶wZ
eySvB‡e|
 kvixwiK wbh©vZb ej‡Z Ggb †Kvb KvR ev AvPib Kiv hvnv Øviv ms¶z× e¨w³i Rxeb, ¯^v¯’¨,
wbivcËv ev kix‡ii †Kvb A½ ¶wZMÖ¯’ nq A_ev nBevi m¤¢vebv _v‡K Ges ms¶zä e¨w³‡K
Acivag~jK KvR Kwi‡Z eva¨ Kiv ev cÖ‡ivPbv cÖ`vb Kiv ev ejcÖ‡qvMI Bnvi AšÍf©~³ nB‡e|
 gvbwmK wbh©vZb ej‡Z
- †gŠwLK wbh©vZb, Acgvb, AeÁv, fxwZ cÖ`k©b ev Ggb †Kvb Dw³ Kiv, hvi Øviv ms¶z×
e¨w³ gvbwmKfv‡e ¶wZMÖ¯Í nq;
- nqivwb; A_ev
- e¨w³ ¯^vaxbZvq n¯Í‡¶c A_©vr ¯^vfvweK PjvPj, †hvMv‡hvM I e¨w³MZ B”Qv ev
gZcÖKv‡ki Dci n¯Í‡¶c;
 †hŠb wbh©vZb ej‡Z †hŠb cÖK…wZi Ggb AvPibI AšÍf©~³ nB‡e, hvnv Øviv ms¶zä e¨w³i m¤£g,
m¤§vb I mybv‡gi ¶wZ nq;
 Avw_©K ¶wZ ej‡Z
- AvBb ev cÖ_v Abyhvqx ev †Kvb Av`vjZ ev Dchy³ KZ©…c¶ KZ…©K cÖ`Ë Av‡`k Abyhvqx
ms¶zä e¨w³ †h mKj Avw_©K my‡hvM-myweav, m¤ú` ev m¤úwË jv‡fi AwaKvix Dnv nB‡Z
Zvnv‡K ewÂZ Kiv A_ev Dnvi Dci Zvnvi êa AwaKvi cÖ‡qv‡M evav cÖ`vb;
- ms¶zä e¨w³‡K Zvnvi wbZ¨ eënvh© wRwbmcÎ cÖ`vb bv Kiv;
- weev‡ni mgq cÖvß Dcnvi ev ¯¿xab ev Ab¨ †Kvb `vb ev Dcnvi wn‡m‡e cÖvß †Kvb m¤ú`
nB‡Z ms¶zä e¨w³‡K ewÂZ Kiv ev Dnvi Dci Zvnvi êa AwaKvi cÖ‡qv‡M evav cÖ`vb;
- ms¶zä e¨w³i gvwjKvbvaxb †h †Kvb ¯’vei ev A¯’vei m¤úwË Zvnvi AbygwZ e¨wZ‡i‡K
n¯ÍvšÍi Kiv ev Dnvi Dci Zvnvi êa AwaKvi cÖ‡qv‡M evav cÖ`vb;
- cvwievwiK m¤ú‡K©i Kvi‡Y †h mKj m¤ú` ev my‡hvM-myweavw`‡Z ms¶zä e¨w³i eënvi
ev †fvM`L‡ji AwaKvi i‡q‡Q Dnv nB‡Z Zvnv‡K ewÂZ Kiv ev Dnvi Dci Zvnvi êa
AwaKvi cÖ‡qv‡M evav cÖ`vb|
85
bvix wbh©vZb m¤úwK©Z wKQy Z_¨
†cªw¶Z: wek¦
 mvivwe‡k¦ cÖwZ wZb (3) R‡b AšÍZ GK (1) Rb bvix Zvi mviv
Rxe‡b KLbI bv KLbI nq kvixwiK wbh©vZb (we‡kl K‡i gvi
LvIqv) bv nq †hŠb wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi n‡q‡Q | Z_¨ m~Î -UN
Commission on the Status of Women, 2000
 cÖwZ eQi Pvi (4) wgwjqb bvix bvix I wK‡kvix cvPvi nq| Z_¨ m~Î
-United Nation
 cÖwZ eQi GK (1) wgwjqb wkï hv‡ì †ekxifvMB †g‡q wkï †hŠb
eëmvq cÖ‡ek K‡i| Z_¨ m~Î –UNICEF
 BD‡iv‡c cÖwZw`b cÖwZ cuvP (5) R‡b GKRb (1) bvix wbh©vZ‡bi
wkKvi nb|
86
bvix wbh©vZb m¤úwK©Z wKQy Z_¨
†cªw¶Z: evsjv‡`k
 ICDDR,B Ges bvixc¶ KZ©…K cwiPvwjZ GK mgx¶vq †`Lv †M‡Q kn‡i 37.4%
Ges MÖv‡g 49.7% bvix Zvi mviv Rxe‡b KLbI bv KLbI †hŠb wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi
n‡q‡Q|
 40%-60% weevwnZ bvix Zv‡ì ¯^vgx‡ì Øviv kvixwiK, †gŠwLK ev †hŠb
wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi| Z_¨ m~Î - (WHO, 2005).
 AvwRg Zvi GKwU óvwW‡Z cÖvß DcvË we‡kølY K‡i e‡j‡Qb †h, 63% wfKwUg
evwo‡Z, 18% A‡bï evwo‡Z, 15% mvaviY ¯’v‡b (†hLv‡b Rbmvavi‡bi PjvPj
ev mgvMg nq) Ges 4% Zvi Kg©‡¶‡Î wewfbœfv‡e bvix wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi n‡q‡Q|
 kn‡i 75% Ges MÖv‡g 86% wbh©vwZZ bvix (†gvUvgywU ai‡Yi wbh©vZb) KLbB
Zv‡ì wbh©vZ‡bi K_v KvD‡K e‡jwb|
 2002 mv‡j †gvU 1434wU al©‡Yi gvgjv wjwce× n‡q‡Q hvi g‡a¨ 35% MYal©Y
Ges 10% al©‡Yi ci Ly‡bi wkKvi| Z_¨ m~Î- evsjv‡`k RvZxq gwnjv AvBbRxwe
mwgwZÕi cÖwZ‡e`b (2002), fv‡qv‡jÝ G‡MB‡b÷ DB‡gb Bb evsjv‡`k, 2002|
 evsjv‡`‡k cÖwZ wZb (3) Rb bvixi g‡a¨ `yB (02) Rb bvixi Rxe‡b wbh©vZ‡bi
AwfÁZv i‡q‡Q| (BDGbGdwcG I‡qemvBU);
 43%-51% bvix wbh©vZbKvixi g‡a¨ bvix wbh©vZb Kivi c‡i †Kvb cÖKvi
Aby‡kvPbv ev cÖwZwµqv †bB| (ICDDR,B & UNFPA Bangladesh, 2012);
 ïiæ †_‡K Ryb 2013 ch©šÍ IwmwmÕ‡Z †mev wb‡Z Avmv †gvU 17044 Rb bvixi
g‡a¨ 74% wQ‡jb kvixwiK wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi, 24% wQ‡jb †hŠb wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi
Ges 2% wQ‡jb Av¸‡b †cvov| (MSP-VAW Website)
87
bvix wbh©vZb cÖwZ‡iv‡a mvgvwRKfv‡e KiYxq

 wk¶v I m‡PZbZv m„wói gva¨‡g bvixi cÖwZ ms‡e`bkxj
g‡bvfve M‡o †Zvjv|
 bvix wbh©vZb‡K mvgvwRK Aciva wn‡m‡e MY¨ Kiv|
 bvix‡K A_©‰bwZKfv‡e ¯^vejw¤^ n‡q M‡o DV‡Z mnvqZv Kiv|
 bvix wbh©vZbKvix‡K mvgvwRKfv‡e cÖwZnZ Kiv|
 bvix wbh©vZbKvix †hB †nvK bv †Kb Zv‡K AvB‡bi nv‡Z †mŠc`©
Kiv;
 AvBb I AvBb eë¯’v‡K kw³kvjx Kiv hv‡Z bvix wbh©vZbKvix
AvB‡bi duvK-†duvKi w`‡q †ewi‡q †h‡Z bv cv‡i|
 evj¨ weevn I †hŠZzK cÖwZ‡iva Kiv|
 bvix wbh©vZb cÖwZ‡iva I cÖwZKv‡i bvixi cv‡k ùvov‡bvi Rb¨
ch©vß cwigv‡b †mev`vbKvix cÖwZôvb cÖwZôv Kiv|
 wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi bvix‡K Zvi AwaKvi, AvBbMZ my‡hvM Ges
Zvi cÖwZ N‡U hvIqv wbh©vZ‡bi Bmy¨‡Z Zv‡K mnvqZv Ki‡Z
cv‡i Ggb wewfbœ ivóªxq I mvgvwRK ms¯’v m¤ú‡K© m‡PZb Kiv|
 cvwievwiK mwnsmZv cÖwZ‡iv‡a Rbm‡PZbv m„wó; BZ¨vw`|
88
mnvqK Z_¨
†RÛvi wfwËK wbhv©Zb:
†RÛvi wfwËK wbhv©Zb ej‡Z bvix I cyiæ‡li g‡a¨ N‡U hvIqv mKj ai‡Yi wbhv©Zb‡K †evSvb n‡q‡Q hvi
DrcwË bvix I cyiæ‡li ga¨Kvi Amg ¶gZv m¤úK© †_‡K| †RÛvi nj GKwU cÖfveK hv bvixi Dci cyiæ‡li
KZ…©Z¡ ev ¶gZv ¯’vcb K‡i| GKwU mgv‡Ri bvix wbh©vZb gyjZ †mB mgv‡Ri bxwZ, g~j¨‡eva wek¦vm BZ¨vw`
Øviv mgw_©Z Ges bvixi Dci cyiæ‡li KZ…©‡Z¡i aviYv †_‡K Av‡m| A‡bK mgv‡R ev”Pviv †Q‡j‡ejv †_‡KB
†k‡L †h cyiæ‡liv bvixi Dci cÖfveK ev ¶gZvkxj Ges wbhv©Zb nj †mB ¶gZv cÖKv‡ki GKwU gva¨g hv
mgvR †g‡b †bq| A‡bK mgv‡R bvixiv wb‡RivI GB wbhv©Z‡bi aviK †Kbbv Zviv Zv‡ì †g‡q‡ì GUv †g‡b
†bqvi wk¶v †`q|
bvix wbhv©Zb:
PFA ev †eBwRs cø¨vUdig di G¨vKkb Gi msÁv Abyhvqx ÔÔ†h †Kvb ai‡Yi †RÛvi wfwËK wbhv©Zb hvi d‡j
bvixi kvixwiK, †hŠb ev gvbwmK ¶wZ ev †fvMvwšÍ nq †m¸‡jvB bvix wbhv©Zb| GLv‡b †h †Kvb cÖKvi ûgwK
A_ev Ggb †Kvb AvPiY hv bvixi ¯^vaxbZvi cÖwZ evav ¯îƒc †mwUI †RÛvi wfwËK wbhv©Z‡bi AvIZvq †bqv
n‡q‡Q|ÕÕ
cwievwiK mwnsmZv:
cvwievwiK mwnsmZv (cÖwZ‡iva I myi¶v) AvBb, 2010 Abyhvqx:
cvwievwiK mwnsmZv ej‡Z cvwievwiK m¤úK© i‡q‡Q Ggb †Kvb e¨w³ KZ…©K cwiev‡ii Aci †Kvb bvix ev wkï
m`‡mï Dci kvixwiK wbh©vZb, gvbwmK wbh©vZb, †hŠb wbh©vZb A_ev Avw_©K ¶wZ eySvB‡e|
 kvixwiK wbh©vZb ej‡Z Ggb †Kvb KvR ev AvPiY Kiv hvnv Øviv ms¶zã e¨w³i Rxeb, ¯^v¯’¨, wbivcËv ev
kix‡ii †Kvb A½ ¶wZMÖ¯’ nq A_ev nBevi m¤¢vebv _v‡K Ges ms¶zã e¨w³‡K Acivag~jK KvR Kwi‡Z
eva¨ Kiv ev cÖ‡ivPbv cÖ`vb Kiv ev ejcÖ‡qvMI Bnvi AšÍf©~³ nB‡e|
 gvbwmK wbh©vZb ej‡Z
- †gŠwLK wbh©vZb, Acgvb, AeÁv, fxwZ cÖ`k©b ev Ggb †Kvb Dw³ Kiv, hvi Øviv ms¶zã e¨w³
gvbwmKfv‡e ¶wZMÖ¯’ nq;
- nqivwb; A_ev
- e¨w³ ¯^vaxbZvq n¯Í‡¶c A_©vr ¯^vfvweK PjvPj, †hvMv‡hvM I e¨w³MZ B”Qv ev gZcÖKv‡ki Dci
n¯Í‡¶c;
 †hŠb wbh©vZb ej‡Z †hŠb cÖK…wZi Ggb AvPiYI AšÍf©~³ nB‡e, hvnv Øviv ms¶zä e¨w³i m¤£g, m¤§vb I
mybv‡gi ¶wZ nq;
89
 Avw_©K ¶wZ ej‡Z

- AvBb ev cÖ_v Abyhvqx ev †Kvb Av`vjZ ev Dchy³ KZ©…c¶ KZ…©K cÖ`Ë Av‡`k Abyhvqx ms¶zä
e¨w³ †h mKj Avw_©K my‡hvM-myweav, m¤ú` ev m¤úwË jv‡fi AwaKvix Dnv nB‡Z Zvnv‡K ewÂZ
Kiv A_ev Dnvi Dci Zvnvi êa AwaKvi cÖ‡qv‡M evav cÖ`vb;
- ms¶zä e¨w³‡K Zvnvi wbZ¨ eënvh© wRwbmcÎ cÖ`vb bv Kiv;
- weev‡ni mgq cÖvß Dcnvi ev ¯¿xab ev Ab¨ †Kvb `vb ev Dcnvi wn‡m‡e cÖvß †Kvb m¤ú` nB‡Z
ms¶zä e¨w³‡K ewÂZ Kiv ev Dnvi Dci Zvnvi êa AwaKvi cÖ‡qv‡M evav cÖ`vb;
- ms¶zä e¨w³i gvwjKvbvaxb †h †Kvb ¯’vei ev A¯’vei m¤úwË Zvnvi AbygwZ e¨wZ‡i‡K n¯ÍvšÍi
Kiv ev Dnvi Dci Zvnvi êa AwaKvi cÖ‡qv‡M evav cÖ`vb;
- cvwievwiK m¤ú‡K©i Kvi‡Y †h mKj m¤ú` ev my‡hvM-myweavw`‡Z ms¶zä e¨w³i eënvi ev
†fvM`L‡ji AwaKvi i‡q‡Q Dnv nB‡Z Zvnv‡K ewÂZ Kiv ev Dnvi Dci Zvnvi êa AwaKvi
cÖ‡qv‡M evav cÖ`vb|
bvix wbh©vZb m¤úwK©Z wKQy Z_¨:

eZ©gv‡b bvix wbh©vZb mviv we‡k¦ GKwU AwZ cwiwPZ welq hv mgMÖ wek¦evmx‡K fvwe‡q Zz‡j‡Q| bvix wbh©vZb
cÖwZ‡iv‡a wewfbœ AvšÍR©vwZK Ges ¯’vbxq bxwZgvjv cÖYqb Ges Pzw³I n‡q‡Q| wewfbœ †`‡k bvix wbh©vZb welqK
AvBb cÖYqb Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges cÖYqb Kiv AvBb¸‡jv Av‡iv kw³kvjx Kivi †Póv Pj‡Q| Rbm‡PZbZv bvix
wbh©vZb e‡Üi GKwU Kvh©Kix Dcvq wn‡m‡e wPwýZ n‡q‡Q Ges Rbm‡PZbZv ˆZixi wewfbœ D‡`¨vMI †Pv‡L
c‡o| wKš‘ GZ wKQyi c‡iI bvix wbh©vZb wK eÜ n‡q‡Q? bvix wbh©vZb m¤úwK©Z wewfbœ M‡elYv †_‡K †h Z_¨
cvIqv hvq Zv AZ¨šÍ nZvkvRbK Ges wPšÍvi KviY n‡q ùvwo‡q‡Q|
wb‡¤œ wewfbœ M‡elYvq cÖvß bvix wbh©vZb m¤úwK©Z wKQy Z_¨ †`qv n‡jv|
†cªw¶Z: wek¦
 mvivwe‡k¦ cÖwZ wZb (3) R‡b AšÍZt GK (1) Rb bvix Zvi mviv Rxe‡b KLbI bv KLbI nq kvixwiK
wbh©vZb (we‡kl K‡i gvi LvIqv) bv nq †hŠb wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi n‡q‡Q | Z_¨ m~Î -UN Commission on
the Status of Women, 2000
 cÖwZ eQi Pvi (4) wgwjqb bvix I wK‡kvix cvPvi nq| Z_¨ m~Î -United Nation
 cÖwZ eQi GK (1) wgwjqb wkï hv‡ì †ewkifvMB †g‡q wkï †hŠb eëmvq cÖ‡ek K‡i| Z_¨ m~Î -UNICEF
 BD‡iv‡c cÖwZw`b cÖwZ cuvP (5) R‡b GKRb (1) bvix wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi nb|
†cªw¶Z: evsjv‡`k
 ICDDR,B Ges bvixc¶ KZ©…K cwiPvwjZ GK mgx¶vq †`Lv †M‡Q kn‡i 37.4% Ges MÖv‡g 49.7% bvix
Zvi mviv Rxe‡b KLbI bv KLbI †hŠb wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi n‡q‡Q|
90
 40%-60% weevwnZ bvix Zv‡ì ¯^vgx‡ì Øviv kvixwiK, †gŠwLK ev †hŠb wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi| Z_¨ m~Î -
(WHO, 2005).
 AvwRg Zvi GKwU óvwW‡Z cÖvß DcvË we‡kølY K‡i e‡j‡Qb †h, 63% wfKwUg evwo‡Z, 18% A‡bï
evwo‡Z, 15% mvaviY ¯’v‡b (†hLv‡b Rbmvavi‡bi PjvPj ev mgvMg nq) Ges 4% Zvi Kg©‡¶‡Î
wewfbœfv‡e bvix wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi n‡q‡Q|
 kn‡i 75% Ges MÖv‡g 86% wbh©vwZZ bvix (†gvUv‡gvwU ai‡Yi wbh©vZb) KLbB Zv‡ì wbh©vZ‡bi K_v
KvD‡K e‡jwb|
 2002 mv‡j †gvU 1434wU al©‡Yi gvgjv wjwce× n‡q‡Q hvi g‡a¨ 35% MYal©Y Ges 10% al©‡Yi ci
Ly‡bi wkKvi| Z_¨ m~Î- evsjv‡`k RvZxq gwnjv AvBbRxwe mwgwZÕi cÖwZ‡e`b (2002), fv‡qv‡jÝ
G‡MB‡b÷ DB‡gb Bb evsjv‡`k, 2002|
 evsjv‡`‡k cÖwZ wZb (3) Rb bvixi g‡a¨ `yB (02) Rb bvixi Rxe‡b wbh©vZ‡bi AwfÁZv i‡q‡Q|
(BDGbGdwcG I‡qemvBU);
 43%-51% bvix wbh©vZbKvixi g‡a¨ bvix wbh©vZb Kivi c‡i †Kvb cÖKvi Aby‡kvPbv ev cÖwZwµqv †bB|
(ICDDR,B & UNFPA Bangladesh, 2012);
 ïiæ †_‡K Ryb 2013 ch©šÍ IwmwmÕ‡Z †mev wb‡Z Avmv †gvU 17044 Rb bvixi g‡a¨ 74% wQ‡jb
kvixwiK wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi, 24% wQ‡jb †hŠb wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi Ges 2% wQ‡jb Av¸‡b †cvov; (MSP-
VAW Website)
wbhv©Z‡bi KviY:
wb‡¤œ bvix wbh©vZ‡bi K‡qKwU g~j KviY I Zvi D`vniY †`qv n‡jv|
KviY e¨vL¨v
wk¶v I m‡PZbZvi Afve Ges bvixi cÖwZ wk¶vi †¶‡Î Avgiv GLbI A‡bK wcwQ‡q AvwQ Ges bvixi
Ams‡e`bkxj g‡bvfve cÖwZ ms‡e`bkxj nIqvi gZ cÖ‡qvRbxq mvgvwRK wk¶vI
A‡bK †¶‡ÎB Avgiv cvB bv| d‡j Avgv‡ì g‡a¨ bvixi
cÖwZ ms‡e`bkxj nIqvi gZ cÖ‡qvRbxq m‡PZbZvi Afve
i‡qB hv‡”Q| G‡Z K‡i A‡bK mgq Avgiv wb‡Ri ARv‡šÍI
bvix wbh©vZb K‡i ewm KviY Avgiv Rvwb bv †h †KvbUv bvix
wbh©vZb Avi †KvbUv bvix wbh©vZb bq|
`wi`ªZv I Kg©ms¯’v‡bi Afve gyjZt Kg©ms¯’v‡bi Afve `wi`ªZvi GKwU eo KviY|
`wi`ªZvi d‡j gvbwmK cÖkvwšÍi Afve m„wó nq| Avgv‡ì
mgvR eë¯’vq GLbI †ewkifvM cwiev‡ii Av‡qi ms¯’vb
†Q‡jivB K‡i _v‡Kb| Av‡qi ms¯’vb bv nIqv Ges cwiev‡ii
Pvwn`v¸‡jv fv‡jvfv‡e †gUv‡Z bv cvivi e¨_©Zv Z‡ì
gvbwmK cÖkvwšÍi e¨vNvZ NUvq| Avi †mB gvbwmK cÖkvwšÍi
Afve Zv‡ì‡K bvix wbh©vZ‡bi w`‡K avweZ K‡i hv †gv‡UI
Kvg¨ bq|
gv`Kvmw³ I Ryqv gv`Kvmw³ I Ryqv GKw`‡K †hgb: my¯’ wPšÍvkw³ bó K‡i
†`q Ab¨w`‡K Zv AwZwi³ A‡_©i cÖ‡qvRb m„wó K‡i| my¯’
91
wPšÍvkw³ bó nIqvi d‡j †m wewfbœ ai‡Yi bvix wbh©vZb
(†hgb: cÖnvi Kiv, Mvwj-MvjvR Kiv, †L‡Z bv †`qv, gv‡qi
mvg‡b mšÍvb‡K cÖnvi Kiv BZ¨vw`) K‡i _v‡K| AwZwi³
A‡_©i cÖ‡qvRb †gUv‡Z A‡hŠw³Kfv‡e bvixi Mnbv weµx K‡i
†`qv, bvixi m¤úwË wewµ K‡i †`qvmn cwiev‡ii wbqwgZ
Li‡Pi UvKvI LiP K‡i †d‡j| d‡j bvix‡K n‡Z nq
m¤ú`nviv Ges GgbwK evuP‡Z nq cÖ‡qvRbxq Lvevi Qvov|
¶gZv I wbqš¿Y wcZ…Zvwš¿K eë¯’vi g‡a¨ w`‡q ¶gZv I wbqš¿Y P‡j hvq
cyiæ‡li nv‡Z| †m bvixi f~wgKv, cQ›`, PjvP‡ji mxgv‡iLv
meB wba©viY K‡i †`q| Gi †Kvb e¨wZµg n‡jB bvixi Dci
†b‡g Av‡m wewfbœ ai‡Yi wbh©vZb|
evj¨weevn I †hŠZzK †h‡nZz evj¨weevn¸‡jv †g‡q I †Q‡ji †Kvb gZvgZ QvovB
n‡q _v‡K Ges †Kvb ai‡Yi `vwqZ¡ †bevi gZ eqm nIqvi
Av‡MB Zv‡ì (†g‡q I †Q‡j Df‡qiB) `vwqZ¡ wb‡Z nq hv
cvj‡b A‡bK‡¶‡ÎB Zviv e¨_© nq Ges †b‡g Av‡m Zv‡ì
Rxe‡b (we‡kl K‡i †g‡qwUi Rxe‡b) bvbv ai‡Yi wbh©vZb|
†hŠZzK cÖ`v‡b e¨_© n‡j A‡bK‡¶‡Î bvix‡K ¯^vgxi evwo
Qvo‡Z nq, ZvjvKeiYmn wewfbœ cÖKvi wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi
n‡Z nq|
†Q‡j mšÍv‡bi AMÖvwaKvi Avgv‡ì †ewkifvM mgvR I cwievi¸‡jv GLbI †Q‡j mšÍvb
†ewk cQ›` K‡i| fwel¨Z eskai Ges ey‡ov eq‡m Rxeb-
hvÎvi wbðqZvi GKwU eo wfwË wn‡m‡e †ewkifvM
cwievi¸‡jvi Kv‡Q GLbI †Q‡j mšÍvb †g‡q mšÍvb A‡c¶v
AwaK cQ›`bxq| d‡j GKw`‡K †hgb †g‡q mš—vb wewfbœ
ai‡Yi êl‡gï wkKvi nq Ab¨w`‡K eQ‡ii ci eQi †Q‡j
mš—vb bv nIqvi d‡j †mB bvix‡K bvbv ai‡Yi wbh©vZ‡bi
wkKvi n‡Z nq hwÌ mšÍvb †g‡q bv †Q‡j n‡e Zv wba©vi‡Y
bvixi †Kvb GKK f~wgKv †bB|
`„óvšÍgyjK kvw¯Íi Afve bvix wbh©vZb m¤úwK©Z †h cwigvb gvgjv nq Zvi †ewkifvMB
cÖgv‡Yi Afv‡e ev AvB‡bi duvK- †dvuKo w`‡q LvwiR n‡q
hvq| d‡j †ewkifvM gvgjv¸‡jvi †Kvb `„óvšÍgyjK kvw¯Í nq
bv| gvgjv PjvKvjxb mg‡q UvKv-cqmv ev cÖfvekvjx‡ì
Pv‡c c‡o gvgjv Zz‡j †bqvI gvgjv¸‡jvi `„óvšÍgyjK kvw¯Í
bv nIqvi GKwU KviY|
eûweevn eûweev‡ni d‡j Av‡Mi ¯¿xi cÖwZ D`vmxbZv cwijw¶Z nq
Ges A‡bK‡¶‡Î Zv‡K †mB evwo †_‡K wbe©vwmZ Kivi GKwU
†Póv P‡j| d‡j kvixwiK I gvbwmKmn bvbv ai‡Yi wbh©vZb
Zvi Dci †b‡g Av‡m|
mšÍvb bv nIqv A‡bK bvixi mšÍvb nq bv e‡jI A‡bK mgq Zv‡K bvbv
ai‡Yi AeÁv I wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi n‡Z nq| hwÌ mšÍvb bv
nIqv memgqB bvixi bq cyiæ‡li mgm¨vi Kvi‡bI n‡Z
cv‡i wKš‘ †ekxifvM‡¶‡Î mgvR ev cwievi¸‡jv ïay
bvix‡KB †`vl †`q Ges A‡bK‡¶‡Î kvixwiK I gvbwmKmn
bvbv ai‡Yi wbh©vZb K‡i _v‡K|
92
mvgvwRKxKiY mgv‡R eo nIqvi mv‡_ mv‡_ Avgiv Avgv‡ì Pvicv‡k bvbv
ai‡Yi bvix wbh©vZb †`‡L _vwK Ges mgvR‡K †ewkifvM bvix
wbh©vZ‡bi †¶‡Î (†hgb: MvwjMvjvR, †eŠ-‡cUvb BZ¨vw`
†¶‡Î) wbwe©Kvi _vK‡Z †`wL| G¸‡jv †`L‡Z †`L‡Z Avgiv
Af¨¯Í n‡q hvB Ges wk‡L †dwj bvix wbh©vZb eywS mgv‡Ri
GKwU mvaviY NUbv|
ms¯‹…wZ I PP©v Avgv‡ì mgv‡Ri ms¯‹…wZ I PP©v¸‡jv Ggb †hLv‡b
†ewkifvM †¶‡Î †eŠ-†cUvb‡K e¨w³MZ welq wn‡m‡e aiv
nq, bvixi mvgvwRK wbivcËvi K_v e‡j Zvi Pjv‡divi
¯^vaxbZv Le© Kiv nq, Zvi Av‡qi UvKv wb‡q †bqv nq Ges
†hŠZzKmn wewfbœ ai‡Yi kZ© Zvi Dci Av‡ivc Kiv nq hv
Zvi kvixwiK I gvbwmK ¶wZi KviY n‡q ùvovq|
†mev`vbKvix cÖwZôvbmg~‡ni AcÖZzjZv, BZ¨vw`| bvix wbh©vZb cÖwZ‡iv‡a Ges wbh©vwZZ bvixi †mev`vb Kivi
Rb¨ †mev`vbKvix (AvBwb †mevmn) cÖwZôvbmg~‡ni
AcÖZzjZv i‡q‡Q| hv-I ev wKQy Av‡Q Z‡e †m¸‡jvi cÖPvi
†Zgb †bB e‡j A‡b‡KB †m¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© Rv‡b bv|
bvix wbh©vZb cÖwZ‡iv‡a mvgvwRKfv‡e KiYxq:
 wk¶v I m‡PZbZv m„wói gva¨‡g bvixi cÖwZ ms‡e`bkxj g‡bvfve M‡o †Zvjv|
 bvix wbh©vZb‡K mvgvwRK Aciva wn‡m‡e MY¨ Kiv|
 bvix‡K A_©‰bwZKfv‡e ¯^vej¤^x n‡q M‡o DV‡Z mnvqZv Kiv|
 bvix wbh©vZbKvix‡K mvgvwRKfv‡e cÖwZnZ Kiv|
 bvix wbh©vZbKvix †hB †nvK bv †Kb Zv‡K AvB‡bi nv‡Z †mvc`© Kiv;
 AvBb I AvBb eë¯’v‡K kw³kvjx Kiv hv‡Z bvix wbh©vZbKvix AvB‡bi duvK w`‡q †ewi‡q †h‡Z bv cv‡i|
 evj¨ weevn I †hŠZzK cÖwZ‡iva Kiv|
 bvix wbh©vZb cÖwZ‡iva I cÖwZKv‡i bvixi cv‡k ùvov‡bvi Rb¨ ch©vß cwigv‡b †mev`vbKvix cÖwZôvb cÖwZôv
Kiv|
 wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi bvix‡K Zvi AwaKvi, AvBbMZ my‡hvM Ges Zvi cÖwZ N‡U hvIqv wbh©vZ‡bi Bmy¨‡Z Zv‡K
mnvqZv Ki‡Z cv‡i Ggb wewfbœ ivóªxq I mvgvwRK ms¯’v m¤ú‡K© m‡PZb Kiv|
 cvwievwiK mwnsmZv cÖwZ‡iv‡a Rbm‡PZbv m„wó; BZ¨vw`|
93
†mkbt `k (`yB)
wk‡ivbvg: bvix wbh©vZb I Rb¯^v¯’¨ mgm¨v
D‡Ïk¨:
cÖwk¶Yv_©xMY
4. bvix wbh©vZb †Kb GKwU Rb¯^v¯’¨ mgm¨v Zv we‡kølY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

5. wbh©vwZZ bvixi †mevq I bvix wbh©vZb cÖwZ‡iv‡a ¯^v¯’¨LvZ wKfv‡e KvR Ki‡Z cv‡i Zv wbY©q Ki‡Z
cvi‡eb|
Av‡jvP¨ welq:
 bvix wbh©vZ‡bi Kzdj I Rb¯^v¯’¨ mgm¨v|

 wbh©vwZZ bvixi †mevq ¯^v¯’¨LvZ|
mgq: 60 wgwbU
c×wZ: †Lvjv‡gjv Av‡jvPbv, †QvU `‡j KvR I Dc¯’vcbv|
DcKiY: †evW©, gvK©vi, †cvóvi †ccvi, AvU©jvBbvi, møvBW |
cÖwµqv:
5. bvixi Rxe‡b wbh©vZ‡bi Kzdj I Rb¯^v¯’¨ mgm¨v (mgq 20 wgwbU):

o G ch©v‡q AskMÖnYKvix‡ì ejyb, bvix wbh©vZb Ggb GKwU welq hvi cÖfve `xN©¯’vqx Ges GUv bvixi
wecbœZv‡K Av‡iv evwo‡q †`q| bvix wbh©vwZZ nIqvi A_© GB bq †h, wbh©vwZZ nIqvi c‡i Zvi cÖfve †kl
n‡q hv‡e eis Zv `xN©‡gqv‡` Zvi kvixwiK, gvbwmKmn bvbv ai‡Yi ¶wZ Ki‡Z cv‡i| Avi GB R‡b¨ bvix
wbh©vZb eZ©gv‡b Rb¯^v¯’¨ mgm¨v wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…wZ †c‡q‡Q| Gev‡i bvix wbh©vZ‡bi Kzdj m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡ev|
o AskMÖnYKvix‡ì Kv‡Q bvix wbh©vZ‡bi kvixwiK cÖfve m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z Pvb Ges Zv‡ì gZvgZ¸‡jv
†cvóvi †ccv‡i wjLyb|
o Gev‡i AskMÖnYKvix‡ì Kv‡Q bvix wbh©vZ‡bi gvbwmK cÖfve m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z Pvb Ges Zv‡ì gZvgZ¸‡jv
†cvóvi †ccv‡i wjLyb|
o Gev‡i AskMÖnYKvix‡ì Kv‡Q bvix wbh©vZ‡bi mvgvwRK cÖfve m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z Pvb Ges Zv‡ì
gZvgZ¸‡jv †cvóvi †ccv‡i wjLyb|
o G ch©v‡q ejyb, Avgiv GZÿb bvix wbh©vZ‡bi kvixwiK, gvbwmK I mvgvwRK cÖfve¸‡jv †`Ljvg| Avgiv
GUvI Rvwb †h gvZ…¯v^ ¯’¨ I gvZ…g„Zz¨ Ges wkï¯^v¯’¨ I wkïg„Zï Dci bvix wbh©vZ‡bi GKUv cÖfve
i‡q‡Q| D‡jøL¨ †h, bvix wbh©vZ‡bi mvgvwRK cÖfve¸‡jvI wKš‘ bvixi gvbwlK ¯^v‡¯’ï Dci †bwZevPK
cÖfve †d‡j hv cieZ©x‡Z Zvi kvixwiK ¯^v‡¯’ï AebwZ NUvq| Avi ZvB eZ©gv‡b bvix wbh©vZb GKwU
94
Rb¯^v¯’¨ mgm¨v wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…wZ w`‡q Zv †gvKv‡ejvi Rb¨ GKwU †`‡ki Ab¨vb¨ †mevLv‡Zi mv‡_
¯^v¯’¨‡mevLv‡ZI cÖ‡qvRbxq bxwZ wba©viY I c`‡ÿc MÖnY Kiv n‡”Q| bvix wbh©vZb cÖwZ‡iva Ges wbh©vZxZ
bvixi Rb¨ hy‡Mvc‡hvwM †RÛvi ms‡e`bkxj ¯^v¯’¨‡mev e¨ZxZ Rb¯^v¯’¨Lv‡Z cÖZ¨vwkZ AMÖMwZ †Kvbfv‡eB
m¤¢e bq|
6. wbh©vwZZ bvixi †mevq ¯^v¯’¨LvZ (mgq 40 wgwbU):

o G ch©v‡q AskMÖnYKvix‡ì ejyb, †h‡nZz bvix wbh©vZb GKwU Rb¯^v¯’¨ mgm¨v ZvB bvix wbh©vZb cÖwZ‡iv‡a
Ges wbh©vwZZ bvixi ¯^v¯’¨‡mevq ¯^v¯’¨Lv‡Zi A‡bK `vwqZ¡ i‡q‡Q|
o GLb Avgiv bvix wbh©vZb cÖwZ‡iv‡a Ges wbh©vwZZ bvixi ¯^v¯’¨‡mevq ¯^v¯’¨LvZ wK wK Ki‡Z cv‡i †m
wel‡q Av‡jvPbv Ki‡ev|
o Dcw¯’Z AskMÖnYKvix‡ì PviwU †QvU `‡j fvM Kiæb| `ywU `j‡K Òbvix wbh©vZb cÖwZ‡iv‡a Ges wbh©vwZZ
bvixi ¯^v¯’¨‡mevq ¯^v¯’¨Lv‡Zi bxwZ-wba©viKiv wK wK `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡Z cv‡ibÓ Ges Ab¨ `ywU `j‡K
ÒnvmcvZv‡j GKRb wbh©vwZZ bvix Avm‡j Zvi ¯^v¯’¨‡mevq ¯^v¯’Kg©KZ©v/Kg©x wn‡m‡e wK wK Ki‡Z cvwiÓ
kxl©K wel‡q KvR Ki‡Z ejyb| cÖ‡qvR‡b †ev‡W© wj‡L w`b|
o `j¸‡jv‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq †cvóvi †ccvi I AvU©jvBbvi mieivn Kiæb| `jMZ Kv‡Ri Rb¨ wba©vwiZ RvqMv
†`wL‡q w`b Ges 15 wgwbU mgq eivÏ Kiæb|
o `jxq KvR PjvKv‡j Ny‡i Ny‡i †`Lyb †h `j¸‡jv mwVKfv‡e KvRwU Ki‡Z cvi‡Q wK-bv| cÖ‡qvR‡b `‡ji
MwZkxjZv Avbq‡b Ges KvRwU mwVK Lv‡Z cÖevwnZ Ki‡Z mnvqZv Kiæb| cÖ‡qvR‡b Zv‡ì we‡ePbvi
Rb¨ `y-GKwU D`vniY w`b|
o `jxq KvR †kl n‡j †h `j`ywU Óbvix wbh©vZb cÖwZ‡iv‡a Ges wbh©vwZZ bvixi ¯^v¯’¨‡mevq ¯^v¯’¨Lv‡Zi
bxwZ-wba©viKiv wK wK `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡Z cv‡ibÓ wel‡q KvR K‡i‡Qb †m¸‡jv Dc¯’vcb Kivb|
o Zv‡ì Dc¯’vcbvi c‡i Ab¨vb¨ AskMÖnYKvix‡ì gZvgZ wbb| mnvq‡Ki †bv‡U †`qv mKj welq
Av‡jvPbvq G‡m‡Q wK-bv wbwðZ †nvb| †Kvb welq ev` co‡j wb‡R †m¸‡jv Av‡jvPbvq wb‡q Avmyb|
o G ch©v‡q ejyb GLb Avgiv Pv-weiZx‡Z hve Ges Pv weiZx †_‡K wd‡i G‡m ÓnvmcvZv‡j wbh©vZ‡bi
wkKvi GKRb bvix Avm‡j Zvi ¯^v¯’¨‡mevq ¯^v¯’Kg©KZ©v/Kg©x wn‡m‡e wK wK Ki‡Z cvwiÓ wel‡q Dc¯’vcbv
†`L‡ev|
95
mnvq‡Ki †bvU
bvixi wbh©vZ‡bi Kzdj I Rb¯^v¯’¨ mgm¨v:

bvix wbh©vZb Ggb GKwU welq hvi cÖfve `xN©¯’vqx Ges GUv bvixi wecbœZv‡K Av‡iv evwo‡q †`q| bvix
wbh©vwZZ nIqvi A_© GB bq †h, wbh©vwZZ nIqvi c‡i Zvi cÖfve †kl n‡q hv‡e eis Zv `xN©‡gqv‡` Zvi
kvixwiK, gvbwmKmn bvbv ai‡Yi ¶wZ Ki‡Z cv‡i| Avi GB R‡b¨ bvix wbh©vZb eZ©gv‡b Rb¯^v¯’¨ mgm¨v
wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…wZ †c‡q‡Q| wb‡Pi Q‡K bvix wbh©vZ‡bi kvixwiK, gvbwmK I mvgvwRK cÖfve¸‡jv †`Lv‡bv n‡jv:
kvixwiK cÖfve: gvbwmK cÖfve:
 A½nvwb ev weK…wZ;  welbœZv;

 KvUv-†cvov `vM ev wPý;  gw¯Í¯‹ weK…wZ;
 †Pnviv weK„wZ;  fy‡j hvIqv, nZvkvMÖ¯Í nIqv;
 cÖRbbZ‡š¿i ÿwZ;  fq cIqv, A‡nZzK fq cvIqv;
 wewfbœ ¯’v‡b e¨_v, gv_v e¨_v, R¡i, BZ¨vw`|  wm×všÍnxbZvq †fvMv;
 wb‡R‡K wbqš¿Y Ki‡Z bv cviv, †i‡M hvIqv
ev †Kvb wKQy Avg‡j bv †bqv;
 Nb Nb gZ cwieZ©b; BZ¨vw`|
mvgvwRK cÖfve: Mf©eZx I cÖm~wZ gv‡qi Ges wkï ¯^v‡¯’ï Dci bvix
wbh©vZ‡bi cÖfve:
 Abïv Ae‡njv K‡i;  Mf©Kvjxb RwUjZv;

 mgv‡Ri A‡b‡K KzK_v e‡j Ges bvix‡KB  Mf©eZxi g„Zy¨;
†`vl †`q;  cÖmeKvjxb RwUjZv;
 †KD Zv‡K Rxeb mw½bx Ki‡Z Pvq bv;  cÖmeKvjxb g„Zz¨;
 A‡bK mgq `wi`ªZvi Kvi‡Y cwieviwUI  ÿzav g›`v d‡j cywónxbZv;
Zv‡K AeÁv K‡i;  M‡f©i mšÍv‡bi weKj½Zv;
 wbh©vwZZ bvixi cwieviwUi mv‡_ A‡b‡K  M‡f©i mšÍvb gviv hvIqv;
wgk‡Z Pvq bv;  bvixi gvbwlK †ivM;
 A‡bK‡¶‡Î wePvi/mvwj‡ki djvdj¸‡jv  wkïi gvbwmK ¯^v¯’¨ webó; BZ¨vw`|
bvixi wec‡¶ hvq hv Zv‡K mgv‡Ri Kv‡Q
Av‡iv wecbœ K‡i †`q; BZ¨vw`|
me©cwi, A‡bK mgq bvbv ai‡Yi wbh©vZ‡bi
gva¨‡g mgvR bvix‡K AvZ¥nZ¨vi c‡_I avweZ
K‡i|
96
Avgiv Dc‡ii †Uwe‡j bvix wbh©vZ‡bi kvixwiK, gvbwmK I mvgvwRK cÖfve¸‡jv †`Ljvg| Avgiv GUvI Rvwb
†h gvZ…¯v^ ¯’¨ I gvZ…g„Zz¨ Ges wkï¯^v¯’¨ I wkïg„Zï Dci bvix wbh©vZ‡bi GKUv cÖfve i‡q‡Q| D‡jøL¨ †h, bvix
wbh©vZ‡bi mvgvwRK cÖfve¸‡jvI wKš‘ bvixi gvbwlK ¯^v‡¯’ï Dci †bwZevPK cÖfve †d‡j hv cieZ©x‡Z Zvi
kvwiwiK ¯^v‡¯’ï AebwZ NUvq| Avi ZvB eZ©gv‡b bvix wbh©vZb GKwU Rb¯^v¯’¨ mgm¨v wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…wZ w`‡q Zv
†gvKv‡ejvi Rb¨ GKwU †`‡ki Ab¨vb¨ †mevLv‡Zi mv‡_ ¯^v¯’¨‡mevLv‡ZI cÖ‡qvRbxq bxwZ wba©viY I c`‡ÿc
MÖnY Kiv n‡”Q| bvix wbh©vZb cÖwZ‡iva Ges wbh©vZxZ bvixi Rb¨ hy‡Mvc‡hvwM †RÛvi ms‡e`bkxj ¯^v¯’¨‡mev
e¨ZxZ Rb¯^v¯’¨Lv‡Z cÖZ¨vwkZ AMÖMwZ †Kvbfv‡eB m¤¢e bq|
bvix wbh©vZb cÖwZ‡iv‡a Ges wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi bvixi Rb¨ †RÛvi ms‡e`bkxj †mevq ¯^v¯’¨LvZ:
bvix wbh©vZb cÖwZ‡iv‡a Ges wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi bvixi Rb¨ †RÛvi ms‡e`bkxj †mevq ¯^v¯’¨Lv‡Zi bxwZ
wba©viKMY hv Ki‡Z cv‡ib:
 bvix wbh©vZb GKwU Rb¯^v¯’¨ mgm¨v G wel‡q RbM‡Yi g‡a¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq cÖPviYv Pvjv‡bv Ges cÖPviYv
Pvjv‡bvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq A‡_©i ms¯’vb Kiv|
 wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi bvixi ¯^v¯’¨‡mev wel‡q cÖ‡qvRbxq Ges mgq Dc‡hvwM wb‡`©wkKv cÖ¯‘Z, Aby‡gv`b Ges
ev¯Íevq‡bi eë¯’v Kiv|
 ¯^v¯’¨‡mevq wb‡qvwRZ mKj Kg©KZ©v I Kg©Pvixi Rb¨ †RÛvi ms‡e`bkxj ¯^v¯’¨‡mev Ges wbh©vZ‡bi
wkKvi bvixi ¯^v¯’¨‡mev wel‡q cÖwkÿ‡Yi eë¯’v Kiv Ges Zvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq A‡_©i ms¯’vb Kiv|
 wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi bvixi Rb¨ AvBbMZ, c~Ye©vmb, KvD‡Ýwjs I mvgvwRK mnvqZv cÖ`v‡b Kg©iZ mvgvwRK,
†emiKvix I ivwóªq cÖwZôvb¸‡jvi mv‡_ m¤úK© ˆZix Ges †hvMm~Î ¯’vcb Kiv we‡kl K‡i Iqvb ÷c
µvBwmm †m›Uvi (Iwmwm), wfKwUg mv‡cvU© †m›Uvi (wfGmwm) Ges wewfbœ GbwRI hviv bvix wbh©vZb
cÖwZ‡iv‡a KvR K‡i Zv‡ì mv‡_ RvZxq I ¯’vbxqfv‡e wbqwgZ †hvMv‡hvM iÿv Kivi †KŠkj wba©viY Kiv|
 bvix wbh©vZb cÖwZ‡iva wel‡q Rbm‡PZbZv m„wó‡Z ¯^v¯’¨‡mevLvZ wKfv‡e KvR Ki‡Z cv‡i †m wel‡q
my¯úó w`K-wb‡`©kbv cÖ`vb Kiv| we‡klK‡i ¯^v¯’¨Kg©xiv MÖv‡g evwo cwi`k©‡bi mgq wKfv‡e bvix wbh©vZb
cÖwZ‡iva wel‡q Rbm‡PZbZv m„wó‡Z f~wgKv ivL‡Z cv‡i Zvi Dci cÖ‡qvRbxq wb‡`©kbv cÖ`vb Kiv|
BZ¨vw`|
nvmcvZv‡j wbh©vwZZ bvixi †mevq KiYxq:
wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi GKRb bvix nvmcvZv‡j wPwKrmv wb‡Z Avm‡j Avgv‡ì hv Ki‡Z n‡e:
wbh©vZ‡bi ¯’vb I gvÎv wPw‎ýZKiY:
 wbh©vZ‡bi wP‎ý I DcmM© Lyu‡R †ei Kiv|
 wbhv©Z‡bi Kvi‡Y `xN©‡gqv`x m¤¢ve¨ ¯^v¯’¨ cÖfve wbY©q Kiv|
97
wPwKrmv mnvqZv cÖ`vb:

 mv‡_ mv‡_ cÖ‡qvRbxq wPwKrmv cÖ`vb Kiv|
 kix‡ii cÖwZwU wbh©vZb wPw‎ýZ ¯’vb¸‡jv ¸iæZ¡mnKvi cixÿv-bxwiÿv Kiv Ges †m Abyhvqx
wPwKrmv cÖ`vb|
 `xN©‡gqv`x m¤¢ve¨ ¯^v¯’¨ cÖfve wbqš¿‡Yi Rb¨ cÖ‡hvR¨gZ eë¯’v MÖnY|
 al©‡Yi wkKvi bvixi Rb¨ we‡klvwqZ wPwKrmv cÖ`vb|
gvbwmK mnvqZv cÖ`vb:
 g‡bv‡hvM w`‡q Zvi cÖwZwU K_v †kvbv|
 wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi bvixwUi Dci wek¦¯Í _vKv|
 G wel‡q Zvi †Kvb †`vl wQjbv e‡j Zv‡K Avk¦¯Í Kiv|
 wbh©vZb ciewZ© fxwZ (Uªgv) KvwU‡q DV‡Z mnvqZv Kiv|
 Zv‡K wbwðZ Kiv †h Zvi cv‡k Avcwb Av‡Qb, wZwb GKv bb|
 cÖ‡qvR‡b `ÿ KvD‡Ýji Øviv KvD‡Ýwjs Kiv|
WKz‡g‡›Ukb:
 wbh©vZ‡bi aiY, gvÎv BZ¨vw` wel‡q my¯úó †iKW© ivLv|
 cÖ‡qvR‡b Qwe Zz‡j ivLv, ewW g¨vwcs Kiv (wbh©v‡bi ¯’vb wb‡`©k Kivi Rb¨); BZ¨vw`|
 wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi bvixi AvBbMZ mnvqZv cvevi Rb¨ cÖ‡hvR¨ wel‡q cÖwZ‡e`b ˆZix I cÖ`vb|
†idv‡ij:
 Zv‡K Zvi AwaKvi m¤ú‡K© m‡PZb Kiv|
 cywj‡mi Kv‡Q Awf‡hvM Kivi †ÿ‡Î Zvi my‡hvM I AwaKvi wel‡q Zv‡K AewnZ Kiv|
 cÖ‡qvRbxq kvixwiK I gvbwmK wPwKrmv †mev, AvBbMZ, c~Y©evmb, KvD‡Ýwjs I mvgvwRK
mnvqZv cvevi Rb¨ mvgvwRK, †emiKvix I ivóªxq cÖwZôvb¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© Zv‡K AewnZ Kiv|
Ab¨vb¨:
 cywjk‡K msev` †`qv|
 ms‡e`bkxjZvi mv‡_ `vwqZ¡kxj eënvi Kiv|
 Zvi m¤ú‡K© †Kvb ai‡Yi †bwZevPK gšÍe¨ bv Kiv|
 †MvcbxqZv iÿv Kiv|
 Zvi wbivcËvi welqwU ¸iæZ¡ †`qv|
 cÖ‡qvR‡b cywj‡ki gva¨‡g Zvi wbivcËvi welqwU wbwðZ Kiv|
98
†mkbt GMv‡iv
wk‡ivbvg: wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi bvixi Av`vj‡Z mywePvi cÖwß‡Z ¯^v¯’¨Kg©KZ©vi f~wgKv|
D‡Ïk¨:
cÖwk¶Yv_©xMY
6. wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi bvixi †mevq ¯^v¯’¨Kg©KZ©v/Kg©xi `vwqZ¡ we‡kølY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

7. wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi bvixi Av`vj‡Z mywePvi cÖvwß‡Z ¯^v¯’¨Kg©KZ©vi cÖwZ‡e`b/ mvwUwd‡K‡Ui ¸iæZ¡ wbY©q
Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
Av‡jvP¨ welq:
 wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi bvixi †mevq ¯^v¯’¨Kg©KZ©v/Kg©xi `vwqZ¡|

 wbh©vwZZ bvix Av`vj‡Z mywePvi cÖvwß‡Z ¯^v¯’¨Kg©KZ©vi cÖwZ‡e`b/ mvwU©wd‡K‡Ui ¸iæZ¡
mgq: 90 wgwbU
c×wZ: †QvU `‡j KvR Dc¯’vcbv, †Lvjv‡gjv Av‡jvPbv I Dc¯’vcbv|
DcKiY: †evW©, gvK©vi, †cvóvi †ccvi, AvU©jvBbvi, møvBW |
cÖwµqv:
7. wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi bvixi †mevq ¯^v¯’¨Kg©KZ©v/Kg©xi `vwqZ¡ (mgq 30 wgwbU):

o G ch©v‡q Av‡Mi Awa‡ek‡b ÓnvmcvZv‡j GKRb wbh©vwZZ bvix Avm‡j Zvi ¯^v¯’¨‡mevq ¯^v¯’Kg©KZ©v/Kg©x
wn‡m‡e wK wK Ki‡Z cvwiÓ wel‡q `jxq KvR K‡i ivLv `j `ywU‡K Zv‡ì `jMZ KvR Dc¯’vcb Kivb|
o Zv‡ì Dc¯’vcbvi c‡i Ab¨vb¨ AskMÖnYKvix‡ì gZvgZ wbb| mnvq‡Ki †bv‡U †`qv mKj welq
Av‡jvPbvq G‡m‡Q wK-bv wbwðZ †nvb| †Kvb welq ev` co‡j wb‡R †m¸‡jv Av‡jvPbvq wb‡q Avmyb|
o wkÿY wbwðZ n‡q‡Q e‡j g‡b n‡j c‡ii Av‡jvPbvq cÖ‡ek Kiæb|
8. wbh©vwZZ bvix Av`vj‡Z mywePvi cÖvwß‡Z ¯^v¯’¨Kg©KZ©vi cÖwZ‡e`b/ mvwU©wd‡K‡Ui ¸iæZ¡ (mgq 60 wgwbU)
o AskMÖnYKvix‡ì Kv‡Q GKRb wbh©vwZZ bvixi Av`vj‡Z mywePvi cÖvwß‡Z ¯^v¯’¨Kg©KZ©v KZ…©K AvjvgZ
msMÖn Ges bw_cÎ I `wjjvw` msiÿ‡Yi ¸iæZ¡ Rvb‡Z Pvb| Zv‡ì gZvgZ¸‡jv ïbyb| gvwë wgwWqvq
Awa‡ekb-11, ¯øvBW-1 cÖ`k©b Kiæb Ges we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g wk¶Y wbwðZ Kiæb|
99
o AskMÖnYKvix‡ì ejyb eZ©gv‡b †`Lv hvq †h, A‡bK Wv³vix cÖwZ‡e`bB GKRb wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi e¨w³i
AvBbx myweav cvevi †ÿ‡Î AvBbx cÖgvY wn‡m‡e wbLuyZ WKz‡g›U n‡q D‡V bv| AvjvgZ mwVKfv‡e msiÿY
Ges GKwU c~Y©v½ cÖwZ‡e`‡bi Afv‡e A‡bK wbh©vwZZ bvix Av`j‡Zi wbKU mywePvi cÖvwß n‡Z ewÂZ nb|
o G ch©v‡q AskMÖnYKvix‡ì Kv‡Q wbh©vwZZ bvixi Z_¨ wjwce× Kiv ev cÖwZ‡e`b cÖ¯‘wZi †ÿ‡Î mPviPvi
wK wK ai‡Yi `~e©jZv †`Lv hvq Zv Rvb‡Z Pvb| Zv‡ì gZvgZ¸‡jv ïbyb| gvwë wgwWqvq Awa‡ekb-11,
o AskMÖnYKvix‡ì Kv‡Q GKRb wbh©vwZZ bvix Av`vj‡Z mywePvi cÖvwß‡Z GKwU fvj cÖwZ‡e`b cÖ¯‘wZ‡Z hv
hv Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i †m wel‡q gZvgZ Pvb| Zv‡ì gZvgZ¸‡jv ïbyb| gvwë wgwWqvq Awa‡ekb-11,
100
Awa‡ekb-11, møvBW-1
AvjvgZ msMÖn Ges bw_cÎ I `wjjvw` msiÿ‡Yi ¸iæZ¡

 AvBbx cÖwµqvi eënv‡ii Rb¨|
 wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi e¨w³ m‡e©v”P wbivcËv cÖ`v‡b|
 Kj¨vYg~jK †mev, ¯^v¯’¨‡mev GgbwK Rxebexgv, ÿwZc~iY cvIqvi
†ÿ‡Î BwZevPK my‡hvM m„wó‡Z|
 cywjk cÖwZ‡e`‡bi Z‡_ï mg_©‡b ev A‡_ï Am¤ú~Y©Zv c~i‡Y ev
fyj ms‡kva‡b †gwWK¨vj cÖwZ‡e`b/mvwU©wd‡KU AZ¨šÍ Riæix I
Kvh©Ki|
101
Z_¨ wjwce× Kivi †ÿ‡Î `~e©jZvmg~n:

hy³iv‡óªi b¨vkbvj BÝwUwUDU Ave Rvw÷m KZ…©K ”Documenting Domestic
Violence: How Health Care Providers Can Help Victims
(2001)” kxl©K M‡elYvq wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi hviv Wv³vix †mev wb‡Z G‡mwQj G iKg 184 Rb
e¨w³i Dci GKwU mgxÿv cwiPvjbv Kiv nq †hLv‡b A‡bK¸‡jv `~e©jZv cwi¯‹vifv‡e D‡V G‡m‡Q:
 93 wU AvNv‡Zi NUbvq gvÎ GKwU d‡UvMÖvd †`Lv †M‡Q| Ab¨vb¨ NUbvi Av`‡ZI
†Kvb Qwe †Zvjv n‡qwQj wK-bv Ges wKfv‡e msiÿY Kiv n‡qwQj †m e¨cv‡i †Kvb
Z_¨ cvIqv hvqwb|
 93 wU NUbvi g‡a¨ ïaygvÎ wZbR‡bi ÒewW g¨vcÓ (kix‡ii wPÎ AsKb) Kiv n‡q‡Q
Ab¨w`‡K AvNv‡Zi wPÎ AsKb Kiv n‡q‡Q 93 wU NUbvi g‡a¨ gvÎ AvUwUi|
 wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi e¨w³i AvNv‡Zi NUbvi Ici Wv³vi Ges bvm© Øviv ˆZixK…Z GK-
Z…Zxqvsk cÖwZ‡e`‡bi g~j As‡ki nv‡Zi †jLv †evSv hvqwb|
 Aciw`‡K hwÌ AvNv‡Zi Qwe I wPÎ AsKb Lye Kg †ÿ‡ÎB cvIqv †M‡Q wKš‘
AvNv‡Zi NUbv¸‡jv wewfbœ cÖwZ‡e`‡b ev †iK‡W© eb©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q wek`fv‡e|
102
GKwU fvj cÖwZ‡e`b cÖ¯‘wZ‡Z hv hv Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i

 mKj AvNv‡Zi (wbwðZ ev m‡›`nRbK) Qwe †bIqv, msiÿY Kiv Ges
cÖ‡qvR‡b cÖwZ‡e`‡bi mv‡_ mshy³ Kiv|
 cÖwZ‡e`b Ggbfv‡e wjL‡Z n‡e †hLv‡b nv‡Zi †jLv ¯úó _v‡K Ges
†mwU Kv‡iv eyS‡Z †Kvb mgm¨v bv nq|
 wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi e¨w³i e³e¨‡K ûeyû Zz‡j aiæb| †m‡ÿ‡Î Zvi
e³e¨¸‡jv †Kv‡Ukvb (Ò Ó) AvKv‡i wjLv †h‡Z cv‡i|
 e¨w³ `vex K‡ib ev e¨w³ g‡b K‡ib BZ¨vw` hv Av`vj‡Z mZ¨Zvi
wePv‡i wKQzUv m‡›`n ˆZix K‡i Ggb evK¨ ev kã eënv‡i weiZ _vKv|
 Wv³vix kã ev evK¨ eënvi Kiæb Ges AvBbx kã ev evK¨ cwinvi
Kiv|
 wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi e¨w³i e³‡eï mvi-ms‡ÿc ev Dcmsnv‡ii gZ K‡i
†jLv †_‡K weiZ _vKv|
 Wv³vix cÖwZ‡e`‡bi Wv‡qvMbwmm As‡k KL‡bv ÒWwgw÷K fv‡qv‡jÝÓ
A_ev Gi mswÿß iæc ÒwWwfÓ BZ¨vw` bv †jLv| GB ai‡bi kã
Pq‡bi gva¨‡g mwVK Z_¨ cÖKvk cvq bv| GB kã¸‡jv Wv³vix kã
bq| Guv M„n wbh©vZb wKbv Zv Av`vjZ wba©vib Ki‡e|
 cÖwZ‡e`‡b wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi e¨w³i AvPiY I Awfe¨w³ Zz‡j aiv|
 wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi e¨w³‡K hLb Wv³vix cixÿv Kiv n‡q‡Q Zvi w`b
ZvwiL mwVKfv‡e wjLv|
103
mnvq‡Ki †bvU
wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi bvix Av`vj‡Z mywePvi cÖvwß‡Z ¯^v¯’¨‡mevLvZ:

GKRb wPwKrmK ev ¯^v¯’¨‡mevcÖ`vbKvix e¨w³ wn‡m‡e Avgiv Rvwb †h, wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi GKRb e¨w³i cÖ_‡gB
†h welqwUi cÖ‡qvRb c‡o †mwU n‡jv Wv³vix mnvqZv| Avgiv GUvI Rvwb †h, wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi †Kvb e¨w³
Avgv‡ì Kv‡Q ¯^v¯’¨‡mevi Rb¨ G‡j Avgiv Aek¨B cywjk‡K AewnZ Kwi hLb Avgiv m‡›`n Kwi †h e¨w³wU
†Kvbfv‡e wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi n‡q‡Q| Z‡e GUv mwZ¨ †h, wbh©vZ‡b wkKvi †Kvb e¨w³i Av`vj‡Z mywePvi cÖvwßi
†ÿ‡Î mgqgZ GKwU mwVK †gwWK¨vj mvwU©wd‡KU/wi‡cvU© LyeB ¸iæZ¡c~Y© hv mveavbZvi mv‡_ wbh©vZ‡bi
AvjvgZ¸‡jv msiÿY I †iKW© Kivi Dci wbf©i K‡i hwÌ †mwU Avgiv A‡bK mgq `ÿZvi mv‡_ Ki‡Z
cvwibv|
M„n wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi †Kvb e¨w³i cÖ‡qvRb Abyhvqx ¯^v¯’¨‡mev cÖ`vbKvixMY wKfv‡e KvR Ki‡e MZ GK `k‡K
Zvi GKUv Af~Zc~e© DbœwZ mvwaZ n‡q‡Q| GK K_vq ejv hvq †h GB D‡`¨vM wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi †Kvb e¨w³i
Wv³vix AvjvgZ I `wjjcÎ msMÖn Ges msiÿ‡Yi Dci †ekx ¸iæZ¡ w`‡q‡Q| ¯^v¯’¨‡mev m¤úwK©Z wewfbœ
wb‡`©wkKv I cÖwkÿY Kg©m~wP AvjvgZ msMÖn I msiÿ‡Yi welqwU eZ©gv‡b ¸iæ‡Z¡i mv‡_ we‡ePbv K‡i _v‡K|
Wv³vix AvjvgZ msMÖn GKgvÎ mwVK Ges me©Rb ¯^xK…Z welq hv wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi e¨w³i AvBbMZ †mev
cÖvwßi †ÿ‡Î wbi‡cÿ cÖgvY wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ n‡q _v‡K|
AvjvgZ msMÖn I msiÿY hZ kw³kvjx/fvj nevi K_v wQj A‡bK¸‡jv Kvi‡Y †m iKg cÖZ¨vwkZ gv‡bi nq
bv| Kv‡RB Wv³vix AvjgZ AvBbMZ cÖwµqvq †hfv‡e Kv‡R jvMvi K_v wQj Zv nq bv| DcišÍ GB AvjvgZ
msMÖn I msiÿY KL‡bv KL‡bv KwVb n‡q hvq GgbwK KL‡bv KL‡bv Am¤ú~Y© A_ev fyj n‡q _v‡K GgbwK
`wjj ev cÖwZ‡e`‡bi †jLv ch©šÍ A‡b‡K co‡Z cv‡ib bv| ¯^v¯’¨‡mev cÖ`vbKvix‡ì NUbv/AvjvgZ ev
AvNv‡Zi †iKW© I cÖwZ‡e`b †Zix Kivi mgq ¸iæZ¡nxbZvi d‡j m„ó my² cv_©K¨ A‡bK eo cÖfve e‡q Av‡b|
GB ai‡bi wePy¨wZ¸‡jvi gva¨‡g fv‡jvi †P‡q ÿwZB nq †ekx|
AvjvgZ msMÖn Ges bw_cÎ I `wjjvw` msiÿ‡Yi ¸iæZ¡:
 Wv³vix `wjjcÎvw` ev bw_c‡Îi g‡a¨ A‡bK ai‡bi Z_¨ _v‡K hv AvBbx cÖwµqvi Rb¨ LyeB cÖ‡qvRbxq|
AvjvgZ cixÿvi mgq †Zvjv d‡Uv, kix‡i wPÎ Gu‡K AvNv‡Zi wP‎ý I Zvi Ae¯’vi weeiY m¤^wjZ
msiwÿZ †iK©W, wbh©vZ‡bi wjwce×K…Z NUbv BZ¨vw` AvBbx cÖwµqvi Rb¨ LyeB cÖ‡qvRbxq|
 wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi e¨w³ m‡e©v”P wbivcËv eë¯’v cvevi c‡ÿ cÖgvY ¯îæc Zvi AvBbRxwe A_ev e¨w³ wb‡RB
wb‡Ri †gwWK¨vj cÖwZ‡e`b/mvwU©wd‡KU Av`vj‡Z `vwLj Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
104
 kw³kvjx I mwVK †gwWK¨vj cÖwZ‡e`b/mvwU©wd‡KU wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi †Kvb e¨w³‡K Kj¨vYg~jK †mev,
¯^v¯’¨‡mev GgbwK Rxebexgv, ÿwZc~iY cvIqvi †ÿ‡Î BwZevPK my‡hvM m„wó‡Z f~wgKv ivL‡Z cv‡i|
 AvBwb cÖwµqvi Av`vj‡Zi mvg‡b †gwWK¨vj cÖwZ‡e`b/mvwU©wd‡KU h‡_ó kw³kvjx I ¸iæZ¡c~Y© `wjj|
hwÌ wePvwiK cÖwµqvq cywjk cÖwZ‡e`b AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wKš‘ cywjk cÖwZ‡e`‡bi Z‡_ï mg_©‡b ev A‡_ï
Am¤ú~Y©Zv c~i‡Y ev fzj ms‡kva‡b †gwWK¨vj cÖwZ‡e`b/mvwU©wd‡KU AZ¨šÍ Riæix I Kvh©Ki|
Z_¨ wjwce× Kivi †ÿ‡Î `~e©jZvmg~n:
eZ©gv‡b †`Lv hvq †h, A‡bK Wv³vix cÖwZ‡e`bB GKRb wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi e¨w³i AvBbx myweav cvevi †ÿ‡Î
AvBbx cÖgvY wn‡m‡e wbLuyZ WKz‡g›U n‡q D‡V bv| hy³iv‡óªi b¨vkbvj BÝwUwUDU Ave Rvw÷m KZ…©K
”Documenting Domestic Violence: How Health Care Providers Can Help Victims (2001)” kxl©K
M‡elYvq wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi hviv Wv³vix †mev wb‡Z G‡mwQj G iKg 184 Rb e¨w³i Dci GKwU mgxÿv
cwiPvjbv Kiv nq †hLv‡b A‡bK¸‡jv `~e©jZv cwi¯‹vifv‡e D‡V G‡m‡Q:
 93 wU AvNv‡Zi NUbvq gvÎ GkwU d‡UvMÖvd †`Lv †M‡Q| Ab¨vb¨ NUbvi Av`‡ZI †Kvb Qwe †Zvjv n‡qwQj
wK-bv Ges wKfv‡e msiÿY Kiv n‡qwQj †m e¨vcv‡i †Kvb Z_¨ cvIqv hvqwb|
 93 wU NUbvi g‡a¨ ïaygvÎ wZbR‡bi ÒewW g¨vcÓ (kix‡ii wPÎ AsKb) Kiv n‡q‡Q Ab¨w`‡K AvNv‡Zi
wPÎ AsKb Kiv n‡q‡Q 93 wU NUbvi g‡a¨ gvÎ AvUwUi|
 wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi e¨w³i AvNv‡Zi NUbvi Ici Wv³vi Ges bvm© Øviv ˆZixK…Z GK-Z…Zxqvsk cÖwZ‡e`‡bi
g~j As‡ki nv‡Zi †jLv †evSv hvqwb|
 Aciw`‡K hwÌ AvNv‡Zi Qwe I wPÎ AsKb Lye Kg †ÿ‡ÎB cvIqv †M‡Q wKš‘ AvNv‡Zi NUbv¸‡jv wewfbœ
cÖwZ‡e`‡b ev †iK‡W© eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q wek`fv‡e|
GKwU fvj cÖwZ‡e`b cÖ¯‘wZ‡Z hv hv Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i:
 mKj AvNv‡Zi (wbwðZ ev m‡›`nRbK) Qwe †bIqv, msiÿY Kiv Ges cÖ‡qvR‡b cÖwZ‡e`‡bi mv‡_ †m¸‡jv
mshy³ Kiv|
 cÖwZ‡e`b Ggbfv‡e wjL‡Z n‡e †hLv‡b nv‡Zi †jLv ¯úó _v‡K Ges †mwU Kv‡iv eyS‡Z †Kvb mgm¨v bv
nq| †m‡ÿ‡Î Kw¤úDUv‡ii mnvqZv wb‡j nv‡Zi †jLv bv eyS‡Z cvivi mgm¨v `~i Kiv m¤¢e|
 wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi e¨w³i e³e¨‡K ûeyû Zz‡j ai‡Z n‡e| †m‡ÿ‡Î Zvi e³e¨¸‡jv †Kv‡Ukvb (Ò Ó)
AvKv‡I wjLv †h‡Z cv‡i| †Kvb Z_¨ †hb ev` bv c‡o †m e¨vcv‡i m‡PZb _vK‡Z n‡e| ìKvi n‡j e¨w³
†h fvlvq K_v ej‡eb †mUv‡KB cÖwZ‡e`‡b D‡jøL Ki‡Z n‡e| hw` †KD Ggb e‡j _v‡Kb †h, Zvi
Zj‡c‡U jvw_ gviv n‡qwQj Z‡e wjLyb, wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi e¨w³ e‡jb †h, ÒAvgvi Zj‡c‡U jvw_ gviv
n‡qwQjÓ|
105
 wKQz wKQz evK¨ cÖwZ‡e`‡b D‡jøL Kiv †_‡K weiZ _vKv cÖ‡qvRb| †hgb, e¨w³ `vex K‡ib ev e¨w³ g‡b
K‡ib BZ¨vw` hv Av`vj‡Z mZ¨Zvi wePvi wKQzUv m‡›`n ˆZix K‡i _v‡K| hw` KL‡bv Wv³v‡ii ch©‡eÿ‡Yi
mv‡_ e¨w³i †`qv e³‡eï êmv`„k¨ ˆZix nq Zvn‡j †m‡ÿ‡Î Wv³v‡ii DwPZ Zvi KviY e¨vL¨v Kiv|
 Wv³vix kã ev evK¨ eënvi Kiæb Ges AvBbx kã ev evK¨ cwinvi Kiæb|
 wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi e¨w³i e³‡eÏ mvi-ms‡ÿc Dcmsnv‡ii gZ K‡i †jLv †_‡K weiZ _vKzb| †hgb
wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi e¨w³‡K cÖnvi ev al©Y Kiv n‡q‡Q| Gfv‡e cÖwZ‡e`‡b D‡jøL bv K‡i ch©vß Z_¨ I
NUbvi eY©bv Avek¨K|
 Wv³vix cÖwZ‡e`‡bi Wv‡qvMbwmm As‡k KL‡bv ÒWwgw÷K fv‡qv‡jÝÓ A_ev Gi mswÿß iæc ÒwWwfÓ
wjL‡eb bv| GB ai‡bi kã Pq‡bi gva¨‡g mwVK Z_¨ cÖKvk cvq bv| GB kã¸‡jv Wv³vix kã bq| GUv
M„n wbh©vZb wKbv Zv Av`vjZ wba©vib Ki‡e|
 cÖwZ‡e`‡b wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi e¨w³i AvPiY I Awfe¨w³ D‡jøL Kiæb| †mB mgq wZwb wK Kuv`wQ‡jb,
KuvcwQ‡jb A_ev LyeB ivMvwš^Z g‡b nw”Qj, wegl© bv-wK kvšÍ g‡b nw”Qj bv-wK Zv‡K †`‡L Avbw›`Z g‡b
nw”Qj| hw` e¨w³i H g~û‡Z©i Awfe¨w³i mv‡_ wbh©vZ‡bi Awfe¨w³i êkv`„k¨ g‡b nq †m‡ÿ‡Î Wv³v‡ii
wbR¯^ ch©‡eÿY D‡jøL Ki‡Z n‡e|
 wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi e¨w³‡K hLb Wv³vix cixÿv Kiv n‡q‡Q Zvi w`b ZvwiL mwVKfv‡e wjL‡Z n‡e|
106
Awa‡ekbt evi
wk‡ivbvg: mgvcbx|
D‡Ïk¨:
 AskMÖnYKvixMY AvR‡Ki w`‡bi Av‡jvwPZ welq¸‡jvi c~Y:¯§iY Ki‡eb|

 Av‡qvRK AskMÖnYKvix‡ì cÖ‡qvRbxq w`K wb‡`©kbv cÖ`v‡bi gva¨‡g GB cÖwkÿ‡Yi mgvwß †Nvlbv
Ki‡eb|
Av‡jvP¨ welq:
 AvR‡Ki w`‡bi Av‡jvwPZ welq¸‡jvi c~Y:¯§iY|

 cÖwkÿY †Kv‡m©i mgvwß †Nvlbv|
mgq: 45 wgwbU
c×wZ: †Lvjv‡gjv Av‡jvPbv, cÖkœ I DËi Ges mgvcwb e³e¨|
DcKiY: †cvóvi †ccvi, gvK©vi I †evW©|
cÖwµqv:
1. AvR‡Ki w`‡bi Av‡jvwPZ welq¸‡jvi c~Y:¯§iY (mgq 25 wgwbU)
o AskMÖnYKvix‡ì Kv‡Q AvR‡Ki Av‡jwPZ welq¸‡jvi g‡a¨ †Kvb †Kvb wel‡q cyYivq Av‡jvPbvi cÖ‡qvRb
i‡q‡Q Zv Rvb‡Z Pvb| Zv‡ì †`qv welh¸‡jv †ev‡W© †bvU wbb|
o †ev‡W© wjLv cÖ‡Z¨KwU welq Av‡jvPbvq wb‡q Avmyb Ges AskMÖnYg~jK Av‡ivPbvi gva¨‡g wkÿY wbwðZ
Kiæb|
2. AvR‡Ki w`‡bi Av‡jvwPZ welq¸‡jvi c~Y:¯§iY (mgq 20 wgwbU)
o G ch©v‡q mgvcwb e³e¨ †èvi Rb¨ wbe©vwPZ e¨vw³‡K Zvi gZ K‡i GB cÖwkÿY †Kv‡m©i mgvcwb †NvNbv
Kivi Rb¨ Avgš¿Y Rvbvb Ges mK‡ji cÖwZ K…ZÁZv I abëv` Rvwb‡q wb‡R we`vq wbb|
107

Curriculum On Gender Sensitizaion Workshop For Health Care Providers - Final

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Curriculum On Gender Sensitizaion Workshop For Health Care Providers - Final

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

¯^v¯’¨‡mevq wb‡qvwRZ e¨w³‡`i †RÛvi ms‡e`bkxjZv ˆZixi j‡ÿ¨ cÖwkÿY KvwiKzjvg

¯^v¯’¨‡mevq wb‡qvwRZ e¨w³‡`i

†RÛvi GbwRI †÷K‡nvìvi cvwU©wm‡ckb BDwbU (wRGbGmwcBD)

†gvt Avmv`yj Bmjvg

bvix-cyiæl ¯^v¯’¨ mgZv I AwaKvi wel‡q RvZxq I AvšÍRvwZ©K wfwË

†RÛvi welqK †gŠwjK aviYvmg~n

GBPAvBwf GBWm& I Zvi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z †RÛvi †cÖwÿZmg~n 76

bvix wbh©vZb, KviY I cÖwZKv‡i mvgvwRKfv‡e KiYxq

bvix wbh©vZb I Rb¯^v¯’¨ mgm¨v

wbh©vwZZ bvix Av`vj‡Z mywePvi cÖwß‡Z ¯^v¯’¨ Kg©KZ©vi f~wgKv

01:00-02:00 ga¨v‎ý weiwZ

12:15-01:00 ¯^v¯’¨ I †RÛvi - cÖRbb, Mf©eZ©x I cÖm~wZ g‡qi ¯^v¯’¨ I Zvi

01:00-02:00 ga¨v‎ý weiwZ

12:00-01:00 bvix wbh©vZb I Rb¯^v¯’¨ - bvix wbh©vZ‡bi Kzdj I Rb¯^v¯’¨ mgm¨v

gwWDj e¨venvi welqK wKQy civgk©

5. cÖ‡kœvËi I K‡_vcK_‡bi gva¨‡g cÖwk¶‡Yi welqe¯‘ I cÖZ¨vwkZ djvd‡j †cŠQv‡bvi †Póv

7. Av‡jvPbv, cÖ‡kœvËi I K‡_vcK_‡bi mgq Avcwb wb‡R Ab¨gb¯‹ n‡eb bv Ges

GB Awa‡ekb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY:

 ci¯ú‡ii mv‡_ cwiwPZ n‡eb|

c×wZ: e³…Zv, †Ljv, gy³ Av‡jvPbv I Dc¯’vcbv|

1. ï‡f”Qv Ávcb (mgq 20 wgwbU)

2. ci¯úi cwiwPwZKiY (mgq 20 wgwbU)

4. cÖwk¶Y D‡Ïk¨ eY©bv (mgq 10 wgwbU)

welq: cQ‡›`i dzj welq: cQ‡›`i dj

dz‡ji bvg: d‡ji bvg:

welq: cQ‡›`i msMxZ wkíx welq: cQ‡›`i FZz

msMxZ wkíxi bvg: FZzi bvg:

welq: cQ‡›`i bvU¨ wkíx welq: cQ‡›`i is (Kvjvi)

bvU¨ wkíxi bvg: is'‡qi bvg:

welq: cQ‡›`i Kwe welq: cQ‡›`i wµ‡KUvi

Kwei bvg wµ‡KUv‡ii bvg

GB cÖwk¶Y †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixiv:

o †RÛvi I †m‡·i g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ wbiæcY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

o †RÛvi ˆel‡g¨i mvaviY I ¯^v¯’¨ cÖfve¸‡jv wbY©q Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

o cvwievwiK¯^v¯’¨, cÖRbb¯^v¯’¨, gvZ…¯^v¯’¨, wkï¯^v¯’¨ Ges eq:mwÜKvjxb ¯^v¯’¨ I †m¸‡jvi †RÛvi

o †RÛvi ms‡e`bkxj ¯^v¯’¨‡mevi Dcvq wbiƒcY I aviY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

 evsjv‡`‡ki msweav‡b bvix-cyiæl ¯^v¯’¨ AwaKvi I mgZv|

c×wZ: eo `‡j we‡kølY, Db¥y³ Av‡jvPbv I Dc¯’vcbv|

DcKiY: møvBW, gvK©vi Ges †evW©|

1. evsjv‡`‡ki msweav‡b bvix-cyiæl ¯^v¯’¨ AwaKvi I mgZv (mgq 15 wgwbU)

2. wm‡Wv mb‡` bvix I ¯^v¯’¨ (mgq 15 wgwbU)

4. RvZxq ¯^v¯’¨ bxwZ 2011 Ges bvix I ¯^v¯’¨ (mgq 15 wgwbU)

evsjv‡`‡ki msweav‡b bvix-cyiæl ¯^v¯’¨ AwaKvi I mgZv

wm‡Wv (CEDAW) mb‡` bvix I ¯^v¯’¨

RvZxq bvix Dbœqb bxwZ 2011 Ges bvix I ¯^v¯’¨

RvZxq bvix Dbœqb bxwZi jÿ¨-16.14:

GQvov 34 bs Aby‡”Q‡` bvix ¯^v¯’¨ I cywó wel‡q ejv n‡q‡Q:

RvZxq ¯^v¯’¨bxwZ 2011 Ges bvix-cyiæl ¯^v¯’¨ mgZv

RvZxq ¯^v¯’¨bxwZi g~j jÿ¨-3:

RvZxq ¯^v¯’¨bxwZi g~j jÿ¨-9:

RvZxq ¯^v¯’¨bxwZi g~jbxwZ-1:

evsjv‡`‡ki msweav‡b bvix-cyiæl ¯^v¯’¨ AwaKvi I mgZv

ivóª I MYRxe‡bi me©¯Í‡i bvix cyiæ‡li mgvb AwaKvi jvf Ki‡eb|

wm‡Wv (CEDAW) mb‡` bvix I ¯^v¯’¨

RvZxq bvix Dbœqb bxwZ 2011 Ges bvix I ¯^v¯’¨

RvZxq bvix Dbœqb bxwZi jÿ¨-16.13:

RvZxq bvix Dbœqb bxwZi jÿ¨-16.14:

GQvov 34 bs Aby‡”Q‡` bvix ¯^v¯’¨ I cywó wel‡q ejv n‡q‡Q:

RvZxq ¯^v¯’¨bxwZ 2011 Ges bvix-cyiæl ¯^v¯’¨ mgZv

RvZxq ¯^v¯’¨bxwZi mywbw`©ó D‡Ïk¨-1:

RvZxq ¯^v¯’¨bxwZi mywbw`©ó D‡Ïk¨-2:

RvZxq ¯^v¯’¨bxwZi mywbw`©ó D‡Ïk¨-3:

RvZxq ¯^v¯’¨bxwZi g~j jÿ¨-3: