DESIGN EXAMPLES

By :
Mohd Zamri Ramli
 1. Linear-elastic analysis
to determine the seismic effects and the effects
of the other actions considered
may be performed using 2 planar models where
one is for main horizontal direction
Two types of linear elastic can be used:
Method 1 Lateral force method of analysis
Method 2
Modal response spectrum analysis
2. Non-linear analysis
an alternative to the linear method
should be properly substantiated with regard to
seismic input, constitutive model used, method
of interpreting results of analysis and the
requirements to be met
Two types of non-linear analysis:
Non-linear static (push over) analysis
Non-linear time history (dynamic) analysis
6.1 Method 1 - Eurocode 8 Based Design (EBD) Example 1

A three-story concrete shear wall office building are determined

using Eurocode 8 to design seismic forces. It is located in
Penang Malaysia on rock with a shear wave velocity of 900 m/s.
The story heights are 3.9 m for the first floor and 3.3 m for the
second and third floors. The story dead loads are 9786 kN,
8896 kN and 7562 kN from the bottom up. The plan
dimensions are 55 m by 36 m. The walls in the direction under
consideration are 36 m long and are without opening. The
shear walls do not carry vertical loads.
6.1 Method 1 - Eurocode 8 Based Design (EBD) Example 1

36 m
7562 kN
A

3.3 m
8896 kN
B
55 m
3.3 m
9786 kN
C

3.9 m
D

1 2

(a) Plan view (b) Elevation view

 6.1 Method 1 - Eurocode 8 Based Design (EBD) Example 1
3.1.2 (1) Identification of ground types 3.2.2.2 Horizontal elastic response spectrum

For type 1, the parameters of ground type A recommended in MS1555

6
6.1 Method 1 - Eurocode 8 Based Design (EBD) Example 1
4.3.3.2.2 Base shear force

T1 = 0.05 (10.5 m)
= 0.29 sec.

(dual system - other

structures)
7
 6.1 Method 1 - Eurocode 8 Based Design (EBD) Example 1

5.2.2.2 Behaviour factors for horizontal seismic

actions

q = 3.0u/1 = 3.0 (1.2) = 3.6

T1 = 0.29 sec

3.2.2.5 Design spectrum for elastic analysis

NA Tab. 3.7
Constant value, C=2.4

NA Fig. A2
TR 2500 years, ag = 0.12g
Sd (T1) = 0.08
6.1 Method 1 - Eurocode 8 Based Design (EBD) Example 1

7562 kN

3.3 m
8896 kN Base Shear, Fb Correction factor (Eq. 4.5)
= 0.85 (because T1 < 2TC,
Fb Sd T1 .m.
3.3 m
9786 kN
and > 2 storey)
3.9 m

m = 26,244 KN

Fb = 0.08 (26,244) (0.85)

= 1,784.59 kN (taken into design)
6.2 Method 1 - Eurocode 8 Based Design (EBD) Example 1
6.1 Method 1 - Eurocode 8 Based Design (EBD) Example 1
Vertical Distribution:
z i mi
Fi Fb ( ) See Table 6.1
z jmj

Overturning Moment:
See Table 6.1
Mi Fi hi h j
n

i j

Table 6.1 : Example 6.1

Level zi mi zimi zimi / S zjmj Fi Vi Mi
(m) (kN) (kNm) (kN) (kN) (kNm)

3 10.5 7,562 79,401 0.4372 780.20 780.20 2,574.66

2 7.2 8,896 64,051.2 0.3527 629.37 1,409.57 7,226.26
1 3.9 9,786 38,165.4 0.2101 375.02 1,784.59 14,186.16
S 26,244 181617.6 1.0000 1,784.59
6.1 Method 1 - Eurocode 8 Based Design (EBD) Example 1

780.20 kN

10.5 m

629.37 kN

7.2 m

375.02 KN

3.9 m

Fb = 1784.59 kN

Figure 6.1 : Lateral force distribution based on EBD

6.1 Method 1 - Eurocode 8 Based Design (EBD) Example 1
Assume the buildings
have brittle material of
non-structural elements

dr 0.005h

2nd and 3rd Floor:

dr 0.005(3300mm)
= 16.5mm

1st Floor:
dr 0.005(3900mm)
= 19.5mm
6.2 Method 1 - Eurocode 8 Based Design (EBD) Example 2

Design Example for 12-Story (Frame-Shear Wall Building)

The application of earthquake resistance design provisions of this Seismic Design

Guidelines with respect to design loads and EC 2 relating to proportioning and
detailing of members will be illustrated for representative elements of a 12
reinforced concrete story frame, located in Penang.

The typical framing plan and section of the structure considered are shown in
Figure 6.3 and Figure 6.4, respectively. The columns and structural walls have
constant cross sections throughout the height of the building. The floor beams and
slabs also have the same dimensions at all floor levels
6.2 Method 1 - Eurocode 8 Based Design (EBD) Example 2
Other pertinent design data are follows:

1) Dimension :

- Exterior columns : 560 x 560 mm, interior columns : 660 x 660 mm

- Beam : 500 x 600 mm
- Height = 4.9 + 11(3.6) = 44.5 m

2) Material properties:

- Concrete fc = 27600 kN/m2

- Reinforcement fy = 413685 kN/m2
- E concrete
- E steel

3) Loading for 2D frame in transverse direction

- Dead Load (slab + beam + superimposed dead Load) is 55.95 kN/m

- Live load (roof) is 7.58 kN/m
- Live load (floor) is 28.44 kN/m
- Total load per story:

- Roof : 1276.86 kN
- Each story: 1696.17 kN
6.2 Method 1 - Eurocode 8 Based Design (EBD) Example 2

12
A
11

10

3 x 6.7 = 20.1 m
9
B

11@3.6m
8

C 6

4
D 3

2
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1
4.9 m
7 x 7.9 = 55.3 m
3 x 6.7 = 20.1 m

Figure 6. 3: Typical Floor Framing Plan

Figure 6. 4: Transverse Section 3/A-D
6.2 Method 1 - Eurocode 8 Based Design (EBD) Example 2
6.2. 1 Lateral Seismic Design Force

Base Shear, Fb

Fb Sd T1 .m.
6.2 Method 1 - Eurocode 8 Based Design (EBD) Example 2
Table 6. 3 : Design lateral force (Seismic load) in transversal direction 3/A-D

Height Story Weight zimi zimi / S zjmj Fi (Fx)

Floor Level
m kN (Wxhx) (Cvx) kN
Roof 44.50 1,276.86 56,820.27 0.12 119.33
11.00 40.90 1,696.17 69,373.35 0.14 145.70
10.00 37.30 1,696.17 63,267.14 0.13 132.87
9.00 33.70 1,696.17 57,160.93 0.12 120.05
8.00 30.10 1,696.17 51,054.72 0.11 107.22
7.00 26.50 1,696.17 44,948.51 0.09 94.40
6.00 22.90 1,696.17 38,842.29 0.08 81.58
5.00 19.30 1,696.17 32,736.08 0.07 68.75
4.00 15.70 1,696.17 26,629.87 0.06 55.93
3.00 12.10 1,696.17 20,523.66 0.04 43.10
2.00 8.50 1,696.17 14,417.45 0.03 30.28
1.00 4.90 1,696.17 8,311.23 0.02 17.46

Total 19,934.73 484,085.49 1.00 1,016.67

6.2 Method 1 - Eurocode 8 Based Design (EBD) Example 2

119.33

145.70

132.87

120.05

107.22

94.40

81.58

68.75

55.93

43.10

30.28

17.46