CH4-2 :Design of Vertical Drop Weir:

Ex. Design a vertical drop weir for the following data :

High flood flow (Q) in the river 2680 m3/s
Average level of the bed river 278m
High flood level of the river before construction 285 m
Full Supply level (FSL) in the main canal 283.5 m

Alluvial and silty bed river ,Safe exit gradient

.
Retrogression of the bed river 0.5m
Silt factor (f) 1
Permissible afflux 1m
Losses in the main canal Regulator 0.5m

Solution:
1- Waterway (L):
Use lacey wetted perimeter equation: P =4.83 Q = 4.83 2680 = 250m
L= (1-1.2) p, this means L between 250m to 300m. Take waterway width (L) =250m.
2- Crest Level:
qavg (average discharge intensity) = = . m3/s/m

.
, = . ( ) = . ( ) = .

. .
and = = .
= . / ,then = .
= .

DS HFL = River HFL before construction = 285 m

US HFL = DS HFL + Afflux = 285 + 1 =286 m
US TEL = US HFL + V2/2g = 286 +0.14 = 286.14m
DS TEL = DS HFL + V2/2g = 285 +0.14 = 285.14m
Actual DS HFL =285-0.5 = 284.5 m
US bed level = river bed level = 278m
The discharge intensity per unit width over the crest is given by:
q = C He 3/2 for weir qact = qavg 10.72 = 1.7 *He 3/2 He = 3.41 m
Crest level of the weir = US TEL-He = 286.14 3.41= 282.73 m
Pond level at US of the weir = [Full Supply level (FSL) + Losses] in the main canal Regulator
Pond level at US of the weir = 283.5 + 0.5 = 284 m
Pond level is higher than crest level of the weir this difference will be controlled by crest shutter:
Height of crest shutter (S) = pond level crest level= 284 - 282.73 =1.27m
1
Height of weir crest wall = crest level US floor bed level = 282.73 - 278 = 4.73 m
3- Design of Crest Wall :
Top width of the crest wall (a) will the greatest of the followings

= , =
, and = +

Where Gs is the specific gravity of the concrete =2.24

From above equations a = 2.278m, 2.283m, and 2.27m respectively, provide a = 3 m
B: is bottom width of the crest wall, and can be calculated by equating the over turning moment
(Mo) about the base of the crest wall with the resisting moment (Mr) about the outer third point
of the base of crest wall for two cases:
- Static condition (no flow to DS):

where w : Unit weight of the water = 1 ton /m3

( )
= ,
( . . )
= = .
. .
= { + }= { + }

= . { + }
= = . { + } = .

- For dynamic condition when HFL flow passing over the weir and the weir crest is submerged:

=

d = water head over crest = US HFL Crest level = 286 282.73 = 3.27 m
. .
= = . .
( ) . ( . )
= { + }= { + }

= . { + }
= . = . { + } = . , =

a=3m Crest Shutter

US pond level = 284m

S= 1.27m Crest level = 282.73m

US DS
H= 4.73m

US bed level = 278m

Weir Crest Wall
B= 6m

2
4 Flow Condition: HFL flow with 0.5m retrogression:
Water levels: US HFL = 286 m, DS HFL = 284.5m
USTEL = 286.14m, DSTEL = 284.5+0.14 = 284.64m
HL= USTEL - DSTEL = 286.14 284.64 =1.5 m and q = 10.72 m3/sec/m
From hydraulic jump curves or tables Ef2 =4.45m, Ef1= 5.95, D1 = 1.1m, D2 = 4.1m
Level of jump = US TEL Ef1 = DS TEL Ef2 = 286.14 -5.95 = 280.19 m
Provide DS bed level the same as US bed level (river bed level) = 278 m
DS floor length = 5 (D2-D1) = 15 m

5 Depth of Sheet piles:

a- US sheet pile depth = (1.0-1.25) R, take 1.25 R = 1.25 (6.563) = 8.2m
Bottom level of US sheet pile = US HFL XR = 286 8.2 = 277.8 m
Depth of US sheet pile from US bed level (d1) = US bed level- bottom level of US sheet pile
= 278-277.2 = 0.8 m. provide d1= 2m
Bottom level of US sheet pile =278 -2= 276 m
b -DS sheet pile depth = (1.25-1.5)R ,take 1.5 R = 1.5 (6.563) = 9.84 m
Bottom level of DS sheet pile = DS HFL XR = 284.5-9.84= 274.66 m
Depth of DS sheet pile from DS bed level (d2) = DS bed level- bottom level of DS sheet pile
= 278-274.66 = 3.34 m. Provide d2 = 4 m
Bottom level of DS sheet pile =278 -4 = 274 m

5- Total length of impervious floor:

=

H: max static head = pond level DS bed level = 284 - 278 = 6 m

d2 = DS sheet pile depth = 4 m, and safe GE = 1/4.5
From above equation = 4.616
( )
and = = .

Min. total floor length (b) = * d2 = 8.17 * 4 = 32.68 m provide b = 33 m

Detail of the floor:
DS floor length =15m
Crest wall bottom width (B) = 6m
US floor length = 33 - (15+6) = 12 m

3
 US pond level = 284m Crest Shutter
Crest level = 282.73m
US DS

US bed level = 278m DS bed level = 278m

d1= 2m 276m 3m
d2= 4m
274m
0.5
0.5
11.5m 6m 14.5m

b = 33m

6- Uplift pressure calculation: use Khosla method;

a- US end sheet pile:
{ } { . }
= = = . , = = = .

= { }= .

= { }= .

C = 0
E1 = 1- C = 1, D1 = 1- D= 1-0.153 = 0.847,and C1 = 1- E= 1-0.22= 0.78

b- DS end sheet pile:

{ } { . }
= = = . , = = = .

= { }= .

= { }= .

C2 = 0

Corrections:
a- Corrections for thickness: assume thickness of US floor end = 1m and thickness of US
floor end = 1.5m
( ) ( . . )
For C1: ( ) = = = . (+ )
( ) . ( . . )
For E2 : ( ) = = = . ( )

4
 c- Corrections due the interference of piles:

= . `
{ }

For C1: d= (278-1)-276 = 1 m, D= (278-1)-274= 3m & b` = 33-2*0.5= 32m, and b=33m

( ) = . = . (+ )

For E2 : d= (278-1.5) 274 = 2.5m, D= (278-1.5) 276 = 0.5m , b` = 32m, and b=33m

( )
. . .
( ) = . = .

Corrected values of coefficient of pressure at key points are:

C1 = 0.78+0.0335 +0.00705 0.82
E2 = 0.306 - 0.0352 - 0.00216 0.268

8- Thickness of Floor:
a- US floor: No need for thickness because of water weight, provide 1m as min. thickness
b- DS floor will be designed according to max static head (no flow):
H: max static head = pond level DS bed level = 284 - 278 = 6 m
- at 4m from DS floor end:
. .
= . + = . + . = .

Uplift pressure (U4) = 4 * H = 0.328 * 6 = 1.968 m

Unbalanced static head (h4) = U4 (elevation of point 4- DS BL) = 1.968 (278 278 ) = 1.968 m
.
= ( )
=( . )
= . , .

- at 7m from DS floor end:

. .
= . + = . + . = .

Uplift pressure (U7) = 7 * H = 0.38 * 6 = 2.28 m

Unbalanced static head (h7) = U7 (elevation of point 7 - DS BL) = 2.28 (278 278) = 2.28 m
.
= ( )
=( . )
= . ,

- at 11m from DS floor end:

. .
= . + = . + . = .

Uplift pressure (U11) = 11 * H = 0.45 * 6 = 2.7 m

Unbalanced static head (h11) = U11 (elevation of point 11 - DS BL) = 2.7 (278 278) = 2.7 m
.
= ( )
=( . )
= . , .

5
 - at 15m from DS floor end:
. .
= . + = . + . = .

Uplift pressure (U15) = 15 * H = 0.518 * 6 = 3.108 m

Unbalanced static head (h15) = U15 (elevation of point 15 -DS BL)
= 3.108 (278 278)= 3.108 m
.
= ( )
=( . )
= . , . ,extend this thickness to 3m under the

crest wall and provide 1.5 m thickness for the other (3m) under crest wall.

7- Design of protection works:

a- US protection works: D (scour depth from US floor level) = d1 =2m
- Block protection: length = D = 2 m, use cubic concrete blocks (0.8*0.8*0.6) m over 0.4 m thick
of loose stone: Total thickness = 0.6+0.4 = 1 m
No. of block rows required = .
= . rows provide 3 rows

Actual length of Block protection = 3*0.8 = 2.4 m

-Lunching apron: volume = 2.25 D = 2.25 (2) = 4.5 m3/m
Using the thickness = 1.0 m the same as block protection thickness
.
Length = = .

- DS protection works: D (scour depth from DS floor level) = d2 =4 m

- Inverted filter: length = 1.5 D = 6 m
Use cubic concrete blocks (0.8*0.8 *0.6) m over 0.4 m thick of graded gravel filter and provide
0.1 m joints between blocks filled with filter material.
Total thickness = 0.6+0.4 = 1 m
No. of block rows required = ( . . )
= .

Actual length = 7 *(0.8 + 0.1) = 6.3 m

-Lunching apron: volume = 2.25 D = 2.25 (4) = 9 m3/m
Using the thickness = 1 m the same as inverted filter thickness
Length = =

Provide 0.4m wide masonry toe wall over (0.8*0.5) m (1:2:4) plain concrete footing.

6
 US Wing wall level = 287m
US TEL = 286.14m DS Wing wall level = 285.5m
US HFL = 286m
3m DS TEL = 284.64m
DS HFL = 284.5m
US pond level = 284m
Crest level = 282.73m
DS
Lunching Block US Lunching apron
protection Inverted filter 0.4m
apron
6.3m 9m
4.5m 2.4m 15 11 7 4m
278m 278m
1m 1m 1.5 1m
2.6 2.25 2 1.6m
US Protection works
276m
DS Protection works
0.5
274m
12m 3m 3m
14.5m 0.5m

Vertical Drop Weir Section A-A

7
 Design of Vertical Drop Weir (Plan)

US Sheet pile Crest Shutter

US Wing wall DS Sheet pile DS Wing wall DS Toe wall

287m 285.5m

Crest wall
278 278m
Flow

US DS
282.73m
L = 250 m

A A

0.5 0.5m
0.4
4.5m 2.4m 12m 3m 3m 15m 6.3m 9m

US Protection works US concrete floor Crest wall DS concrete floor DS Protection works