Norton University Civil Engineering

Assignment Road Construction

Design a Rigid Pavement by determination of pavement thickness D (not include Dsb) and
number of longitudinal bar N per lane. The data to be used to design the Rigid Pavement
Structure are described as follow:
A rigid pavement with subbase course consists of subbase thickness DSB , a subbase
elastic modulus ESB a roadbed soil resilient modulus M R , concrete compressive
strength f c , concrete indirect tensile drop DTD , concrete modulus of rupture S c ,
load transfer coefficient J , the initial index of i , the terminal index of t , the
reliability R , the standard ent is described as good and the 20% of the time the
pavement structure expose to moisture levels approaching saturation. A set of dual
tires has a total load 2 Pd , a contact radius a , and a center to center tire spacing S d .
Note that the ESWL should be determined by Boyd and Fosters theory.

Subbase thickness DSB 6in.

Subbase elastic modulus ESB 16,000 psi

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Soil resilient modulus M R 6000 psi

Concrete compressive strength fc 4000 psi

Concrete indirect tensile strength ft 500 psi

Concrete shrinkage Z 0.0004in. / in.

Thermal coefficient of concrete c 3.8 106 in. / in. / F

Thermal coefficient of steel s 5 106 in. / in. / F

Design temperature drop DTD 50 F

Concrete modulus of rupture Sc 650 psi

Load transfer coefficient J 3.2

Initial index i 4.2

Terminal index t 2.2

Reliability R 90%
Standard deviate So 0.3

Drainage coefficient Cd 1

Load on a tire Pd 4000 lb

Contact radius a 4.5in.

Center to center tire spacing Sd 13.5in.

ESALs 6 106

Solution
1. Calculate the thickness of the rigid pavement

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Reliable R 90% Z R 1.282

ESALs 6 106
So 0.3

M R 6000 psi

PSI i t 4.2 2.2 2

From the nomograph we get SN 5.75

Elastic modulus of concrete: Ec 57,000 f c 57000 4000 3.605 106 psi

M R 6000
Modulus of subgrade reaction: k 309.28 pci
19.4 19.4

Estimated total 18-kips equivalent single axle load (ESAL): W18 ESALs 6 106

From the nomograph, we get: D 8.5in.

To verify, we use the formula:
log[PSI / (4.5 1.5)]
log W18 Z R So 7.35log(D 1) 0.06
1 1.624 107 / ( D 1)8.46
S cCd ( D 0.75 1.132)
(4.22 0.32 t ) log{
215.63J [ D 0.75 18.42 / ( Ec / k )0.25

And,
log[PSI / (4.5 1.5)]
Z R So 7.35log(D 1) 0.06
1 1.624 107 / ( D 1)8.46
S cCd ( D 0.75 1.132)
(4.22 0.32 t ) log{ 0.385 7.186 0.06 0.162 0.187
215.63J [ D 0.75 18.42 / ( Ec / k ) 0.25

Then, log W18 6.778

So, The depth of the rigid pavement is D 8.5in.

2. Calculate the number of longitudinal bar N per lane

d Sd 2a 13.5 2 4.5 4.5in.

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d 4.5
2.25in.
2 2
2Sd 2 13.5 27in.
Z D DSB 8.5 6 14.5in.

d
So, Z 2Sd
2
According to Boyd and Fosters theory, we get:
2Z
0.301log( )
log( ESWL) log Pd d
4Sd
log( )
d
2 14.5
0.301log( )
log( ESWL) log(4000) 4.5
4 13.5
log( )
4.5
2 14.5
0.301 log( )
log( ESWL) log(4000) 4.5
4 13.5
log( )
4.5
log( ESWL) 3.83

Ps ESWL 103.83 6760.83lb.

For load on dual tire, Pd 2Ps 2 6760.83 13521.66 lb.

Input Variables Values

Reinforcing bar diameter (in.) 5 in. (No. 5)
8
Concrete shrinkage Z (in./in.) 0.0004
f 500
Concrete tensile strength t (psi)
s 1.32
Thermal coefficient ratio c
Design temperature drop DTD (F) 50 F

We have:

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Thickness of pavement: D 8.5in.

Wheel load: Pd 13521.66 lb.
Modulus of subgrade reaction: k 309.28 pci
Due to the nomograph, we get: w 188 psi
Crack spacing criterion
We have:
s
1.32
c
5
in.
8
z 0.0004in./ in.
w 188 psi

ft 500 psi

For crack spacing: X 3.5 ft. , using nomograph for crack spacing, we get: p 0.47%
For crack spacing: X 8 ft. , using nomograph for crack spacing, we get: p 0.24%
Crack width criterion:
For crack width CW = 0.04in., using nomograph for crack width, we get: p 0.36%
Steel stress criterion
For indirect tensile strength of concrete ft 500 psi , from table of Allowable Steel
Working Stress:
s 62,000 psi
as df afnj ahfhweuhgfiuahw ohfdoiwe h;o;guroy hfowehfioa hdi fhsa;l hfalsh a;h as;hf;hkl
For No. 5 bars, s 62,000 psi , and DTD 50F , from (3) p 0.35%

Note that from nomograph in Fig.3.5, 3.6, 3.7 the minimum steel percentage is pmin 0.4%

Finally, we have pmin 0.4% and pmax 0.47%

And, Total width of pavement section in inches is Ws 12ft = 144in

8.5
For pmin 0.4% N min 0.01273 pminWs D / 2 0.01273 0.4 144 15.95bars
5 2
( )
8
8.5
For pmax 0.47% N max 0.01273 pmaxWs D / 2 0.01273 0.47 144 18.75bars
5 2
( )
8
Try 18 No.5 bars per 12ft of the pavement width, the longitudinal reinforcing bar spacing is
8in. (152.4mm)

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From the equation at the top of each chart:

Crack spacing: X 4.25ft 3.5ft X 8ft (OK)
Crack width: CW 0.028in <0.04in (OK)
Steel stress: s 54,000psi <62,000psi (OK)

So, use 18 No.5 bars with spacing 8in.

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