TIU CHUN QUC GIA

TCVN 7994-1 : 2009

T IN NG CT V IU KHIN H P PHN 1: T IN C TH NGHIM IN HNH
V T IN C TH NGHIM IN HNH TNG PHN
Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies Part 1: Typer-tested and partially-tested
assemblies
Li ni u
TCVN 7994-1: 2009 thay th TCVN 2050-77, TCVN 2295-78,
TCVN 3667-81;
TCVN 7994-1: 2009 hon ton tng ng vi IEC 60439-1: 2004;
TCVN 7994-1: 2009 do Ban k thut tiu chun quc gia TCVN/TC/E1 My in v kh c in bin
son, Tng cc Tiu chun o lng Cht lng ngh, B Khoa hc v Cng ngh cng b.

T IN NG CT V IU KHIN H P PHN 1: T IN C TH NGHIM IN HNH

V T IN C TH NGHIM IN HNH TNG PHN
Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies Part 1: Typer-tested and partially-tested
assemblies
1 Qui nh chung
1.1 Phm vi p dng v i tng
Tiu chun ny p dng cho t hp lp rp dng ng ct v iu khin mch in h p, c in p
danh nh khng vt qu 1 000 V xoay chiu, tn s khng vt qu 1 000 Hz hoc 1 500 V mt chiu
(sau y gi tt l t in). T in c th l loi t c th nghim in hnh (TTA) v t c th
nghim in hnh tng phn (PTTA).
Tiu chun ny cng p dng cho t in c lp thit b iu khin v/hoc thit b mch ng lc c tn
s cao hn. Trong trng hp , p dng cc yu cu b sung thch hp.
Tiu chun ny p dng cho t in t tnh ti hoc di ng c v hoc khng c v.
CH THCH: Yu cu b sung i vi mt s loi c th ca t in c cp trong cc tiu chun
IEC b sung.
Tiu chun ny p dng cho cc t in c thit k s dng lin quan n pht in, truyn dn,
phn phi v bin i in nng, v dng iu khin thit b tiu th in nng.
Tiu chun ny cng p dng cho t in c thit k s dng trong cc iu kin vn hnh c
bit, v d lp trong tu thy, tu ho, thit b nng h hoc s dng trong mi trng kh quyn d n, v
cho cc ng dng trong gia nh (ngi vn hnh khng c chuyn mn), vi iu kin l cc t ny ph
hp vi cc yu cu ring lin quan.
Tiu chun ny cng p dng cho t in c thit k dng cho cc thit b in ca my. Tuy nhin
cn p ng cc yu cu b sung qui nh trong IEC 60204-1 cho nhng trng hp c kh nng p
dng.
Tiu chun ny khng p dng cho cc thit b ring l v cc b phn c lp, v d nh b khi ng
ng c, thit b ng ct c cu chy, thit b in t, v.v ph hp vi cc tiu chun lin quan ca
chng.
i tng ca tiu chun ny l cc nh ngha, qui nh cc iu kin vn hnh, yu cu kt cu, c
tnh k thut v cc th nghim i vi t in dng ng ct v iu khin mch h p.
1.2 Ti liu vin dn
Cc ti liu vin dn di y l cn thit cho vic p dng tiu chun ny. Cc ti liu c ghi nm cng
b th p dng bn c nu. Cc ti liu khng ghi nm cng b th p dng bn mi nht (bao gm c
cc sa i).
TCVN 4255 (IEC 60529), Cp bo v bng v ngoi (M IP)
TCVN 5926 (IEC 60269), Cu chy h p
TCVN 5935 : 1995 (IEC 60502: 1994), Cp in lc c cch in bng cht in mi rn c in p danh
nh t 1 kV n 30 kV
TCVN 6099 (IEC 60060), K thut th nghim in p cao
TCVN 6592-1: 2001 (IEC 60947-1), Thit b ng ct v iu khin h p Phn 1: Qui tc chung
TCVN 6592-4-1: 2001 (IEC 60947-4-1: 1990), Thit b ng ct v iu khin h p Phn 4: Cng tc
t v b khi ng ng c Mc 1: Cng tc t v b khi ng kiu in c
TCVN 6610-3 (IEC 60227-3), Cp cch in bng polyvinyl clorua c in p danh nh n v bng
420/750 V Phn 3: Cp khng bc dng cho i dy c nh
TCVN 6610-4 (IEC 60227-4), Cp cch in bng polyvinyl clorua c in p danh nh n v bng
450/750 V Phn 4: Cp c bc dng cho i dy c nh
TCVN 6988: 2001 (CISPR 11: 1997, Amendment 1 (1999)), Thit b tn s rai dng trong cng nghip,
khoa hc v y t - c tnh nhiu in t - Gii hn v phng php o
TCVN 7447-4-41: 2004 (IEC 60364-4-41: 1992), H thng lp t in cho cc ta nh Phn 4: Bo v
an ton Chng 41: Bo v chng in git
TCVN 7447-4-443 (IEC 60364-4-443), H thng lp t in cho cc ta nh Phn 4: Bo v an ton
Mc 443: Bo v chng qu in p c ngun gc kh quyn hoc do ng ct
TCVN 7447-5-54: 2005 (IEC 60364-5-54: 2002), H thng lp t in cho cc ta nh Phn 5: Chn
v lp rp thit b in Chng 54: B tr ni t v dy bo v
TCVN 7995 : 2009 (IEC 60038 : 1983), in p tiu chun IEC
IEC 60050 (441): 1984, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) Chapter 441: Switchgear,
controlgear and fuses (T vng k thut in quc t (IEV) Chng 441: Thit b ng ct, iu khin
v cu chy)
IEC 60050 (471): 1984, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) Chapter 471: Insulators (T
vng k thut in quc t (IEV) Chng 471: Vt cch in)
IEC 60050 (604): 1987, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) Chapter 604: Generation,
transmission and distribution of electricity Operation (T vng k thut in quc t (IEV) Chng
604: Pht in, truyn ti v phn phi in Vn hnh)
IEC 60071-1: 1976, Insulation co-ordination Part 1: Terms, definitons, principles and rules (Phi hp
cch in Phn 1: Thut ng, nh ngha, nguyn tc v qui tc)
IEC 60073: 1996, Basic and safety principles for man-machine interface, marking and identification
Coding principles for indication devices and actuators (C s v nguyn tc an ton i vi giao in
ngi-my, ghi nhn v nhn bit Nguyn tc m ha dng cho cc c cu ch th v cc b phn tc
ng)
IEC 60099-1: 1991, Surge arresters Part 1: Non-linear resistor type gapped surge arresters for
a.c.systems (Chng st Phn 1: Chng st c khe h kiu in tr phi tuyn dng cho h thng in
xoay chiu)
IEC 60112: 1979, Method for determining the comparative and the proof-tracking indices of solid
insulating materials under moist conditions (Phng php xc nh ch s phng in tng i ca vt
liu cch in rn trong iu kin m)
IEC 60146-2: 1974, Semiconductor convertors Part 2: Semiconductor self-commutated convertors (B
chuyn i bng bn dn Phn 2: B chuyn i t o mch bng bn dn)
IEC 60158-2: 1982, Low-voltage controlgear Part 2: Semiconductor contactors (solid state contactors)
(B iu khin h p Phn 2: Cng tc t bn dn)
IEC 60204-1: 1997, Safety of machinery Electrical equipment of machines Part 1: General
requirements (An ton ca my Thit b in ca my Phn 1: Yu cu chung)
IEC 60245-3: 1994: Rubber insulated cables of rated voltages up to and including 450/750 V Part 3:
Heat resistant silicone insulated cables (Cp cch in bng cao su c in p danh nh n v bng
450/750 V Phn 3: Cc cch in bng silicn chu nhit)
IEC 60245-4: 1994, Rubber insulated cables of rated voltages up to and including 450/750 V Part 4:
Cords and flexible cables (Cp cch in bng cao su c in p danh nh n v bng 450/750 V
Phn 4: Dy v cp mm)
IEC 60364-3: 1993, Electrical installations of buildings Part 3: Assessment of general characteristics
(H thng lp t in cho cc ta nh Phn 3: nh gi cc c tnh chung)
IEC 60364-4-46: 1981, Electrical installations of buildings Part 4: Protection for safety Chapter 46:
Isolation and switches (H thng lp t in cho cc ta nh Phn 4: Bo v an ton Chng 46:
Cch ly v thit b ng ct)
IEC 60417 (tt c cc phn), Graphical symbols for use on equipment. Index, survey and compilation of
the singel sheets (K hiu ha s dng trn thit b. Ch dn, kho st v tp hp cc t ri)
IEC 60445: 1988, Identification of equipment terminals and of terminations of certain designated
conductors, including general rules for an alphanumeric system (Nhn dng u ni ca thit b v u
ni ca cc dy dn c k hiu nht nh, k c qui tc chung i vi h ch v s)
IEC 60446: 1989, Identification of conductors by colours of numerals (Nhn dng dy dn bng mu sc
hoc s)
IEC 60447: 1993, Man-machine interface (MMI) Actuating principles (Giao din ngi-my (MMI)
Nguyn tc vn hnh)
IEC 60664-1: 1992, Insulation coordination for equipment within low-voltage systems Part 1: Principles,
requirements and tests (Phi hp cch in dng cho thit b trong h thng h p Phn 1: Nguyn l,
yu cu v th nghim)
IEC 60695-2-10: 2000, Fire hazard testing Part 2-10: Glowing/hot-wire based test methods Glow-wire
apparatus and common test procedure (Th nghim nguy him chy - Phn 2-10: Phng php th
nghim da trn si dy nng /nng - Thit b th nghim si dy nng v qui trnh th nghim
thng thng)
IEC 60695-2-11: 2000, Fire hazard testing - Part 2-11: Glowing/hot - wire based test methods - Glow -
wire flammability test method for end-products (Th nghim nguy him chy Phn 2-11: Phng php
th nghim da trn si dy nng /nng Phng php th nghim tnh d chy bng si dy nng
dng cho sn phm hon chnh)
IEC 60865 (tt c cc phn), Short-circuit currents Calculation of effects (Dng in ngn mch Tnh
ton cc nh hng)
IEC 60890: 1987, A method of temperature-rise assessment by extrapolation for partially type-tested
assembiles (PTTA) of low-voltage switchgear and controlgear (Phng php nh gi tng nhit bng
ngoi suy i vi t in ng ct v iu khin h p c th nghim in hnh tng phn (PTTA))
IEC 60947-3: 1999, Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear Part 3: Switches, disconnectors, switch-
disconnectors and fuse-combination units (Thit b ng ct v iu khin h p Phn 3: Cu dao, dao
cch ly, cu dao cch ly v cm phi hp cu chy)
IEC 61000-3-2: 2000, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) Part 3-2: Limits Limits for harmonic current
emissions (equipment input current 16 A per phase) (Tng thch in t (EMC) Phn 3-2: Gii hn
Gii hn pht x dng in hi (dng in vo thit b 16 A mi pha))
IEC 61000-4-2: 1995, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) Part 4: Testing and measurement
techniques Section 2: Electrostatic discharge immunity test Basic EMC Publication (Tng thch in
t (EMC) Phn 4: K thut th nghim v o Mc 2: Th nghim min nhim phng in tnh in
Tiu chun EMC c bn)
IEC 61000-4-3: 2002, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) Part 4-3: Testing and measurement
techniques Section 4: Electrical fast transient burst immunity test Basic EMC Publication (Tng thch
in t (EMC) Phn 4: K thut th nghim v o Mc 4: Th nghim min nhim bu xung nht
thi v in Tiu chun EMC c bn)
IEC 61000-4-5: 1995, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) Part 4: Testing and measurement
techniques Section 5: Surge immunity tests (Tng thch in t (EMC) Phn 4: K thut th nghim
v o Mc 5: Th nghim min nhim t bin)
IEC 61000-4-6: 2003, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) Part 4-6: Testing and measurement
techniques Immunity to conducted disturbances, induced by radio-frequency fields (Tng thch in t
(EMC) Phn 4-6: K thut th nghim v o Min nhim nhiu dn gy ra do trng tn s rai)
IEC 61000-4-8: 1993, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) Part 4-8: Testing and measurement
techniques Power frequency magnetic field immunity test (Tng thch in t (EMC) Phn 4-8: K
thut th nghim v o Th nghim min nhim trng t tn s cng nghip)
IEC 61000-4-11: 1994, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) Part 4-11: Testing and measurement
techniques Voltage dips, short interruptions and voltage variation immunity tests (Tng thch in t
(EMC) Phn 4-11: K thut th nghim v o Th nghim min nhim st in p, gin on ngn
in p v thay i in p)
IEC 61000-4-13: 2002, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) Part 4-13: Testing and measurement
techniques Harmonics and interharmonics including mains signalling at a.c.power port, low-frequency
immunity tests (Tng thch in t (EMC) Phn 4-13: K thut th nghim v o Th nghim min
nhim hi v tng tc gia cc hi k c tn hiu li ti cng cng sut, tn s thp)
IEC 61000-6-3: 1996, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) Part 6-3:Generic standards Emission
standard for residential, commercial and light-industrial environments (Tng thch in t (EMC) Phn
6-3: Tiu chun cng loi Tiu chun pht x i vi mi trng dn c, thng mi v cng nghip
nh)
IEC 61000-6-4: 1997, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) Part 6-4: Generic standards Emission
standard for industrial environments (Tng thch in t (EMC) Phn 6-4: Tiu chun chng loi
Tiu chun pht x i vi mi trng cng nghip)
IEC 61082 (tt c cc phn), Preparation of documents used in electrotechnology (Chun b cc ti liu
s dng trong cng ngh in)
IEC 61117: 1992, A method for assessing the short-circuit withstand strength of partially type-tested
assemblies (PTTA) (Phng php nh gi bn chu ngn mch ca t in th nghim in hnh
tng phn (PTTA))
IEC 61346-1: 1996, Industrial systems, installation and equipment and industrial products Structuring
principles and reference designations Part 1: Basic rules (H thng, trm lp t v thit b cng nghip
v sn phm cng nghip Nguyn l kt cu v k hiu tham chiu Phn 1: Qui tc c bn)
2 nh ngha
Tiu chun ny p dng cho cc nh ngha sau y
CH THCH: Mt s nh ngha trong tiu chun ny c ly theo cch gi nguyn hoc c sa i t
IEC 60050 (IEV) hoc ly t cc tiu chun IEC khc.
2.1 nh ngha chung
2.1.1
T hp lp rp cc thit b ng ct v iu khin h p (t in) (low-voltage switchgear and
controlgear assembly)
T hp ca mt hoc nhiu thit b ng ct cng vi thit b iu khin, o lng, tn hiu, bo v, iu
chnh, v.v c lin quan c nh ch to chu trch nhim lp rp hon chnh, vi y cc lin kt
c, in bn trong v cc b phn kt cu (xem 2.4).
CH THCH 1: Trong tiu chun ny, t hp lp rp c thit b ng ct v iu khin h p s c gi
tt l t in.
CH THCH 2: Cc linh kin trong t in c th l linh kin c in hoc linh kin in t.
CH THCH 3: V nhiu l do khc nhau, v d do vn chuyn hoc ch to, mt s cng on lp rp c
th phi thc hin bn ngoi xng ca nh ch to.
2.1.1.1
T in c th nghim in hnh (TTA) (type-tested low-voltage switchgear and controlgear
assembly)
T in ph hp vi loi hoc h thng c thit lp m khng c nhng khc bit c kh nng gy
nh hng ng k n tnh nng so vi t in hnh c kim tra xc nhn ph hp vi tiu chun
ny.
CH THCH 1: Trong tiu chun ny, TTA l ch vit tt ca t in c th nghim in hnh.
CH THCH 2: V nhiu l do khc nhau, v d do vn chuyn hoc ch to, mt s cng on lp rp c
th phi thc hin bn ngoi xng ca nh cht to TTA. Mt t in nh vy c coi l TTA vi
iu kin vic lp rp c thc hin ph hp vi hng dn ca nh ch to theo cch m bo s
ph hp vi tiu chun ny v loi hoc h thng c thit lp, k c s tun th cc th nghim
thng xuyn c th p dng.
2.1.1.2
T in c th nghim in hnh tng phn (PTTA) (partial type-tested low-voltage switchgear and
controlgear assembly)
T in c lp rp c c phn c th nghim in hnh ln phn khng c th nghim in hnh,
vi iu kin l phn khng c th nghim in hnh c suy ra (v d nh tnh ton) t phn c
th nghim in hnh ph hp vi cc th nghim lin quan (xem Bng 7).
CH THCH: Trong tiu chun ny, PTTA l ch vit tt ca t in c th nghim in hnh tng
phn.
2.1.2
Mch chnh (ca t in) (main circuit (of an assembly))
Tt c cc b phn dn ca mt t in c trong mt mch in c thit k truyn in nng. [IEV
441-13-02]
2.1.3
Mch ph (ca t in) (auxilliary circuit (of an assembly))
Tt c cc b phn dn ca mt t in c trong mt mch in (khng phi l mch chnh) c thit k
iu khin, o lng, bo hiu, iu chnh, x l d liu, v.v
[IEV 441-13-03, c sa i]
CH THCH: Mch ph ca mt t in bao gm c mch iu khin v mch ph ca thit b ng ct.
2.1.4
Thanh ci (busbar)
Vt dn c tr khng thp m ti mt s mch in c th c ni vo mt cch ring r.
CH THCH: Thut ng thanh ci khng hm cha hnh dng hnh hc, c hoc kch thc ca vt
dn.
2.1.4.1
Thanh ci chnh (main busbar)
Thanh ci m ti c th ni mt hoc mt s thanh ci phn phi v/hoc c th ni mt s khi
ng in vo v khi ng in ra.
2.1.4.2
Thanh ci phn phi (distribution busbar)
Thanh ci nm trong mt ngn, thanh ci ny c ni vi thanh ci chnh v t cung cp in cho
cc khi ng in ra.
2.1.5
Khi chc nng (functional unit)
Mt phn ca t in cha tt c cc phn t in v c gp phn thc hin cng mt chc nng.
CH THCH: Cc dy dn ni n khi chc nng nhng li nm bn ngoi khoang cha ca khi hoc
nm ngoi khng gian c v bo v ca khi (v d cp ca mch ph ni vi khoang chung) khng
c coi l to thnh mt phn ca khi chc nng.
2.1.6
Khi ng in vo (incoming unit)
Khi chc nng, qua bnh thng in nng c cung cp vo t in.
2.1.7
Khi ng in ra (outgoing unit)
Khi chc nng, qua bnh thng in nng c cung cp n mt hoc nhiu mch ly in ra.
2.1.8
Nhm chc nng (functional group)
Mt nhm gm mt s khi chc nng c lin kt vi nhau v in thc hin cc chc nng hot
ng ca chng.
2.1.9
Tnh trng th nghim (test situation)
Tnh trng ca mt t in hoc mt phn ca t in, trong cc mch chnh lin quan ang trng
thi h mch v pha ngun cung cp ca chng, nhng khng nht thit c cch ly trong khi cc
mch ph kt hp c ni, cho php th nghim v hot ng ca cc thit b c trong t hoc
mt phn ca t.
2.1.10
Tnh trng cch ly (isolated situation)
Tnh trng ca t in hoc mt phn ca t in, trong cc mch chnh lin quan c cch ly v
pha ngun cung cp ca chng v cc mch ph kt hp cng c cch ly.
2.1.11
Tnh trng c ni (connected situation)
Tnh trng ca mt t in hoc mt phn ca t in, trong mch chnh lin quan v cc mch ph
kt hp c ni chng hot ng bnh thng theo thit k.
2.2 Khi kt cu ca t in
2.2.1
Ngn t (section)
Khi kt cu ca t in nm gia hai mt phn cch thng ng lin k.
2.2.2
Ngn ph (sub-section)
Khi kt cu ca t in nm gia hai mt phn cch nm ngang lin k thuc mt ngn t.
2.2.3
Khoang t (compartment)
Mt ngn t hoc ngn ph c bao kn, tr cc l cn thit ni lin kt, iu khin hoc thng gi.
2.2.4
Khi vn chuyn (transport unit)
Mt phn ca t in hoc mt t in hon chnh, thch hp cho vic vn chuyn m khng cn tho
d.
2.2.5
B phn c nh (fixed part)
B phn gm cc linh kin c lp rp v i dy trn mt gi chung v c thit k lp t
c nh (xem 7.6.3).
2.2.6
B phn tho ra c (removable part)
B phn c th ly ra hon ton khi t in v lp tr li, ngay c khi mch in ni n b phn ny c
th ang mang in.
2.2.7
B phn ko ra c (withdrawable part)
B phn tho ra c, m b phn ny c th di chuyn ra khi v tr c u ni n v tr c
cch ly v n v tr th nghim, nu c, trong khi vn c lin kt v c vi t in.
2.2.8
V tr u ni (connected position)
V tr ca b phn tho ra c hoc b phn ko ra c khi c u ni hon chnh hot ng
bnh thng theo thit k.
2.2.9
V tr th nghim (test position)
V tr ca b phn ko ra c, ti , cc mch chnh lin quan c h v pha ngun cung cp
ca n nhng khng nht thit c cch ly, v li , cc mch ph c u ni, cho php th
nghim v hot ng ca b phn ko ra c, trong khi b phn ny vn c lin kt v c vi t
in.
CH THCH: Vic h ny c th t c m khng phi dch chuyn v c ca b phn ko ra c
nh tc ng ca mt c cu thch hp.
2.2.10
V tr cch ly (isolated position)
V tr ca b phn ko ra c, ti , thit lp mt khong cch ly (xem 7.1.2.2) v pha ngun trong
mch chnh v mch ph, trong khi b phn ko ra c vn gi nguyn cc lin kt v c vi t in.
CH THCH: Khong cch ly c th c thit lp m khng c s chuyn ng v c ca b phn ko
ra c nh tc ng ca mt c cu thch hp.
2.2.11
V tr nhc ra (removed position)
V tr ca b phn tho ra c hoc b phn ko ra c khi b phn ny bn ngoi t in v tch
ri v c v in vi t in.
2.2.12
Mch ni in ca khi chc nng (electrical connections of functional units)
2.2.12.1
Mch ni c nh (fixed connection)
Mch ni m vic ni vo hoc tch ra phi dng n dng c.
2.2.12.2
Mch ni tho c (disconnectable connection)
Mch ni m vic ni vo hoc tch ra c thc hin bng cch tc ng bng tay ln phng tin ni
m khng cn dng c.
2.2.12.3
Mch ni ko ra c (withdrawable connection)
Mch ni m vic ni vo hoc tch ra c thc hin bng cch a khi chc nng v trng thi ni
vo hoc tch ra.
2.3 Thit k bn ngoi t in
2.3.1
T in kiu h (open-type assembly)
T in c kt cu cc thit b in, c th tip cn cc b phn mang in ca thit b in.
2.3.2
T in c mt trc kn (dead-front assembly)
T in kiu h c mt trc che kn tao ra mc bo v no t pha mt trc. c th tip cn
cc b phn mang in t cc hng khc.
2.3.3
T in kn (enclosed assembly)
T in c bao kn tt c cc pha, ngoi tr b mt lp t ca n, theo cch to ra mt mc
bo v no .
2.3.3.1
T in kiu khi (cubicle-type assembly)
T in kn, v c bn l loi t ng trn sn, t ny c th bao gm mt s ngn t, ngn ph hoc
khoang t.
2.3.3.2
T in kiu nhiu khi (multi-cubicle-type assembly)
T hp ca mt s t kiu khi lin kt vi nhau bng c kh.
2.3.3.3
T in kiu bn (desk-type assembly)
T in kn c bng iu khin nm ngang hoc t nghing hoc kt hp c hai, trong t c lp cc thit
b iu khin, o lng, tn hiu, v.v
2.3.3.4
T in kiu hp (box-type assembly)
T in kn, v c bn c thit k lp trn mt phng thng ng.
2.3.3.5
T in kiu nhiu hp (multi-box-type assembly)
T hp cc hp lin kt v c vi nhau, c hoc khng c khung chung, cc mch ni in i qua hai
hp lin k bng cc l trong cc b mt tip gip.
2.3.4
H thng mng thanh ci (busbar-trunking system (busway))
T in c th nghim in hnh, c h thng thanh dn gm cc thanh ci c b tr v bng vt
liu cch in trong mt ng, mng hoc v bc tng t.
[IEV 441-12-07, c sa i]
T in c th c cc khi nh:
- khi mng thanh ci c hoc khng c cc phng tin r nhnh;
- khi o pha, khi m rng, khi linh hot, khi cp ngun v khi chnh lu;
- khi r nhnh.
CH THCH: Thut ng thanh ci khng bao hm hnh dng hnh hc, c v kch thc ca thanh dn.
2.4 B phn kt cu ca t in
2.4.1
Kt cu (supporting structure)
B phn to nn kt cu ca t in c thit k cc linh kin khc nhau ca t in v v t,
nu c.
2.4.2
Kt cu lp t (mounting structure)
Kt cu khng to nn mt phn ca t in, c thit k t in c v t.
2.4.3
Tm lp t* (mounting plate)
Tm c thit k cc linh kin khc nhau v thch hp cho vic lp t bn trong t in.
2.4.4
Khung lp t* (mounting frame)
Khung c thit k cc linh kin khc nhau v thch hp cho vic lp t bn trong t in.
2.4.5

*
Nu cc b phn kt cu ny c lp thit b th chng c th l t in c lp.
*
Nu cc b phn kt cu ny c lp thit b th chng c th l t in c lp.
V t (enclosure)
V to ra kiu v cp bo v thch hp dng cho ng dng d kin.
[IEV 195-02-35]
2.4.6
Tm che (cover)
Mt phn ca v bc bn ngoi ca t in.
2.4.7
Ca t (door)
Tm che c bn l hoc ng trt.
2.4.8
Tm che tho ra c (removable cover)
Tm che c thit k che kn mt l ca v ngoi v c th tho ra thc hin mt s thao tc
v bo tr nht nh.
2.4.9
Tm y (cover plate)
Mt phn ca t in, thng l ca mt hp (xem 2.3.3.4), c s dng che kn mt l ca v
ngoi v c thit k gi ng v tr bng cc vt hoc phng tin tng t. Tm y thng l
khng tho ra sau khi a thit b vo vn hnh.
CH THCH: Tm y c th c li vo cp.
2.4.10
Vch ngn (partition)
Mt phn ca v bc ca khoang ngn cch khoang ny vi khoang khc.
2.4.11
Tm chn bo v (bo v v in) ((electrically) protective barrier)
B phn dng bo v khi tip xc trc tip t mi hng tip cn thng thng.
[IEV 195-06-15]
2.4.12
Chng ngi vt bo v (bo v v in) ((electrically) protective obstacle)
B phn dng ngn nga vic tip xc trc tip khng ch nhng khng ngn cn c vic tip
xc trc tip ca hnh ng c ch .
[IEV 195-06-16]
2.4.13
Ca chp (shutter)
B phn c th dch chuyn:
- gia v tr m ti n cho php cc tip im ca b phn di chuyn c hoc b phn ko ra c
c th n khp vi cc tip im c nh, v
- v tr m ti n tr thnh mt phn ca tm che hoc vch ngn che cc tip im c nh.
[IEV 441-13-07, c sa i]
2.4.14
Li vo cp (cable entry)
B phn c cc l lun cp vo t in.
CH THCH: Li vo cp i khi c th c thit k nh mt u bt kn cp.
2.4.15
Khng gian trng (spare spaces)
2.4.15.1
Khng gian t do (free space)
Khong rng ca mt ngn t.
2.4.15.2
Khng gian khng lp thit b (unequipped space)
Phn ca ngn t ch lp thanh ci.
2.4.15.3
Khng gian c trang b mt phn (partially equipped space)
Phn ca ngn t c trang b y , ngoi tr cc khi chc nng. Cc khi chc nng c th lp t
c xc nh theo s lng v kch thc mun.
2.4.15.4
Khng gian c trang b y (fully equipped space)
Mt phn ca ngn t c trang b y vi cc khi chc nng cha c n nh cho mt mc ch
c th.
2.4.16
Khng gian c bo v kn (enclosed protected space)
Phn ca t in c thit k bao kn cc linh kin v c cp bo v qui nh chng cc nh hng
t bn ngoi v chng tip xc vi b phn mang in.
2.4.17
Kha lin ng (insertion interlock)
C cu ngn nga cc b phn di chuyn c hoc b phn ko ra c tin vo v tr khng c
thit k dnh cho cc b phn ny.
2.5 iu kin lp t t in
2.5.1
T in lp t trong nh (assembly for indoor installation)
T in c thit k s dng cc v tr p ng cc iu kin vn hnh bnh thng s dng
trong nh nh qui nh trong 6.1 ca tiu chun ny.
2.5.2
T in lp t ngoi tri (assembly for outdoor installation)
T in c thit k s dng trong cc iu kin vn hnh bnh thng s dng ngoi tri nh
qui nh trong 6.1 ca tiu chun ny.
2.5.3
T in t tnh ti (stationary assembly)
T in c thit k lp c nh vo v tr lp t ca n, v d nh trn sn hoc trn tng, v
c s dng ti v tr .
2.5.4
T in di ng (movable assembly)
T in c thit k sao cho c th d dng di chuyn t v tr s dng ny sang v tr s dng khc.
2.6 Bin php bo v lin quan n in git
2.6.1
B phn mang in (live part)
Mt dy dn hoc b phn dn c thit k mang in trong s dng bnh thng, k c dy trung
tnh nhng theo qui c, khng phi l dy PEN.
[IEV 826-03-01]
CH THCH: Thut ng ny khng nht thit ni n nguy c in git
2.6.2
B phn dn h (exposed conductive part)
B phn dn ca thit b in m c th chm ti c v bnh thng th khng mang in nhng c
th tr nn mang in cc iu kin s c.
[IEV 826-03-02, c sa i]
2.6.3
Dy bo v (Dy PE) (protective conductor)
Dy dn c trang b nhm mc ch an ton, v d nh bo v chng in git.
[IEV 195-02-09]
CH THCH: v d, dy bo v c th ni in n cc b phn sau:
- b phn dn h;
- b phn dn bn ngoi;
- u ni t chnh;
- in cc t;
- im ni t ca ngun hoc trung tnh gi.
2.6.4
Dy trung tnh (neutral conductor)
Dy dn ni in n im trung tnh v c kh nng gp phn vo phn phi in nng.
[IEV 195-02-06]
2.6.5
Dy PEN (PEN conductor)
Dy dn kt hp cc chc nng ca c dy ni t bo v v dy trung tnh.
[IEV 195-02-12]
2.6.6
Dng in s c (fault current)
Dng in pht sinh do hng cch in hoc cch in b bc cu.
2.6.7
Dng in s c chm t (earth fault current)
Dng in s c chy xung t.
2.6.8
Bo v chng tip xc trc tip (protection against direct contact)
Ngn nga vic tip xc nguy him ca con ngi vi cc b phn mang in.
2.6.9
Bo v chng tip xc gin tip (protection against indirect contact)
Ngn nga vic tip xc nguy him ca con ngi vi cc b phn dn h.
2.7 Li bn trong t in
2.7.1
Li bn trong t in thao tc (operating gangway within an assembly)
Khng gian m ngi thao tc phi s dng thao tc thch hp v kim tra t in.
2.7.2
Li bn trong t in bo tr (maintenance gangway within an assembly)
Khng gian m ch nhng ngi c y quyn mi c tip cn v c thit k ch yu s dng
khi bo dng thit b lp t.
2.8 Chc nng in t
2.8.1
Bc mn chn (screening)
Bo v dy dn hoc thit b khi cc nhiu to ra, c bit l do bc x in t xut pht t cc dy dn
hoc thit b khc.
2.9 Phi hp cch in
2.9.1
Khe h khng kh (clearance)
Khong cch gia hai b phn dn o dc theo mt si dy ko cng theo ng ngn nht gia cc b
phn dn ny.
[2.5.46 ca TCVN 6592-1 (IEC 60947-1)]
[IEV 441-17-31]
2.9.2
Khong cch ly (ca mt cc ca thit b ng ct bng c kh) (isolating distance (of a pole of a
mechanical switching device))
Khe h khng kh gia cc tip im ang m p ng cc yu cu an ton qui nh cho dao cch ly.
[2.5.50 ca TCVN 6592-1 (IEC 60947-1)]
[IEV 441-17-35]
2.9.3
Chiu di ng r (creepage distance)
Khong cch ngn nht o dc theo b mt vt liu cch in gia hai b phn dn.
[2.5.51 ca TCVN 6592-1 (IEC 60947-1)]
[IEV 471-01-08, c sa i]
CH THCH: Mi ghp gia hai phn vt liu cch in c coi l phn ca b mt.
2.9.4
in p lm vic (working voltage)
Gi tr cao nht ca in p xoay chiu hiu dng hoc in p mt chiu c th xut hin (mang tnh cc
b) trn cch in bt k, in p ngun danh nh, trong iu kin mch h hoc trong iu kin hot
ng bnh thng, khng k qu .
[2.5.52 ca TCVN 6592-1 (IEC 60947-1)]
2.9.5
Qu in p tm thi (temporary overvoltage)
Qu in p pha-t, pha-trung tnh hoc pha-pha ti mt v tr cho trc v trong thi gian tng i di
(mt vi giy).
[2.5.53 ca TCVN 6592-1 (IEC 60947-1)]
[IEV 604-03-12, c sa i]
2.9.6
Qu in p qu (transient overvoltage)
Qu in p qu theo ngha ca tiu chun ny nh di y.
[2.5.54 ca TCVN 6592-1 (IEC 60947-1)]
2.9.6.1
Qu in p ng ct (switching overvoltage)
Qu in p qu ti mt v tr cho trc trn h thng do mt hao tc ng ct c th hoc do s c
[2.5.54.1 ca TCVN 6592-1 (IEC 60947-1)]
[IEV 604-03-29, c sa i]
2.9.6.2
Qu in p do st (lightning overvoltage)
Qu in p qu ti mt v tr cho trc trn h thng do phng in st c th (xem thm TCVN 6099
(IEC 60060) v IEC 60071).
[2.5.54.2 ca TCVN 6592-1 (IEC 60947-1)]
2.9.7
in p chu xung (impulse withstand voltage)
Gi tr nh cao nht ca in p xung c hnh dng v cc tnh qui nh m khng gy phng in nh
thng trong cc iu kin th nghim qui nh.
[2.5.55 ca TCVN 6592-1 (IEC 60947-1)]
2.9.8
in p chu th tn s cng nghip (power-frequency withstand voltage)
Gi tr hiu dng ca in p hnh sin tn s cng nghip m khng gy phng in nh thng trong cc
iu kin th nghim qui nh.
[2.5.56 ca TCVN 6592-1 (IEC 60947-1)]
[IEV 604-03-40, c sa i]
2.9.9
Nhim bn (pollution)
Tnh trng cht rn, lng hoc kh (kh ion ha) t bn ngoi c th gy nh hng n bn in mi
hoc in tr sut b mt.
[2.5.57 ca TCVN 6592-1 (IEC 60947-1)]
2.9.10
nhim bn (ca cc iu kin v mi trng) (pollution degree (of environment conditions))
Con s qui c da trn lng bi dn in hoc bi ht m, kh ion ha hoc mui, v da trn m
tng i cng nh tn sut xut hin, dn n hp th m hoc ngng t m lm gim bn in mi
v/hoc in tr sut b mt.
CH THCH 1: nhim bn m vt liu cch in ca thit b v linh kin b phi nhim c th khc vi
nhim bn ca mi trng rng ni t thit b hoc linh kin do c bo v bng v bc hoc gia
nhit bn trong ngn nga hp th m hoc ngng t m.
CH THCH 2: Trong tiu chun ny, nhim bn c qui nh cho mi trng hp (2.5.59 ca TCVN
6592-1 (IEC 60947-1)).
2.9.11
Mi trng hp (ca khe h khng kh hoc chiu di ng r) (micro-environment (of a clearance
or creepage distance))
iu kin mi trng bao quanh khe h khng kh hoc chiu di ng r ang c xem xt.
CH THCH: mi trng hp ca khe h khng kh hoc chiu di ng r, m khng phi l mi
trng ca t in hoc linh kin s xc nh nh hng ln cch in. Mi trng hp c th xu hn
hoc tt hn mi trng ca t in hoc linh kin. Mi trng hp bao gm tt c cc yu t nh hng
n cch in nh cc iu kin kh hu v iu kin in t, s pht sinh nhim bn, v.v (2.5.59 ca
TCVN 6592-1 (IEC 60947-1), c sa i).
2.9.12
Cp qu in p (ca mch in hoc trong phm vi h thng in) (overvoltage category (of a
circuit or within an electrical system))
Con s qui c da trn cc gi tr gii hn (hoc khng ch) qu in p qu k vng xut hin
trong mt mch in (hoc trong phm vi h thng in c cc in p danh ngha khc nhau) v ph
thuc vo phng tin c s dng chi phi qu in p.
CH THCH: Trong h thng in, vic chuyn t cp qu in p ny sang cp qu in p khc thp
hn, t c thng qua vic p dng cc phng tin thch hp p ng cc yu cu v giao din nh
thit b bo v qu in p hoc b tr cuc khng ni tip-song song c kh nng phn tn, hp th hoc
chuyn i ch khc nng lng trong dng in t bin kt hp h thp gi tr in p qu xung
gi tr ca cp qu in p thp hn mong mun (2.5.60 ca TCVN 6592-1 (IEC 60947-1)).
2.9.13
B chng st (surge arrester)
Thit b c thit k bo v trang b in khi qu in p qu cao, v gii hn thi gian v
nhiu khi c ln ca dng in chy qua.
[2.2.22 ca TCVN 6592-1 (IEC 60947-1)]
[IEV 604-03-51]
2.9.14
Phi hp cch in (co-ordination of insulation)
Mi tng quan gia cc c trng cch in ca thit b in vi mt bn l cc mc qu in p d
kin v cc c trng ca cc thit b bo v qu in p, v mt bn l mi trng hp d kin v
phng tin bo v khi nhim bn. (2.5.61 ca TCVN 6592-1 (IEC 60947-1))
[IEV 604-03-08, c sa i]
2.9.15
Trng ng nht (khng bin i) (homogeneous (uniform) field)
Trng in v c bn c gradien in p khng i gia cc in cc, v d nh gradien in p gia
hai qu cu m bn knh ca mi qu cu ln hn khong cch gia chng.
[2.5.62 ca TCVN 6592-1 (IEC 60947-1))
2.9.16
Trng khng ng nht (inhomogeneous (non-uniform) field)
Trng in v c bn c graien in p khng phi l hng s gia cc in cc.
(2.5.63 ca TCVN 6592-1 (IEC 60947-1))
2.9.17
Phng in b mt (tracking)
S hnh thnh dn dn cc tuyn dn trn b mt vt liu cch in rn do cc nh hng kt hp ca
ng sut in v nhim bn in phn trn b mt .
(2.5.64 ca TCVN 6592-1 (IEC 60947-1))
2.9.18
Ch s phng in tng i (CTI) (comparative tracking index)
Gi tr bng s ca in p ln nht tnh bng vn ti vt liu chu c 50 git dung dch th nghim
xc nh m khng b phng in b mt.
CH THCH: gi tr ca mi in p th nghim v mi CTI cn chia ht cho 25 (2.5.65 ca TCVN 6592-
1 (IEC 60947-1))
2.10 Dng in ngn mch
2.10.1
Dng in ngn mch (Ic) (ca mt mch in trong t in) (short-circuit current (Ic) (of a circuit of an
assembly)
Qu dng do ngn mch m nguyn nhn l do s c hoc u ni sai trong mch in.
(2.1.6 ca TCVN 6592-1 (IEC 60947-1))
[IEV 441-11-07, c sa i]
2.10.2
Dng in ngn mch k vng (Icp) (ca mt mch in trong t in) (prospective short-circuit
current (Icp) (of a circuit of an assembly))
Dng in chy qua khi dy dn ngun u vi mch in ny b ni tt bng mt dy dn tr khng
khng ng k ti im st nht c th vi u ni ngun ca t in.
2.10.3
Dng in ngng; dng in cho php i qua (cut-off current; let-through current)
Gi tr dng in tc thi ln nht t c trong thi gian thao tc ct ca mt thit b ng ct hoc
mt cu chy.
[IEV 441-17-12]
CH THCH: Khi nim ny l c bit quan trong khi thit b ng ct hoc cu chy tc ng theo cch
sao cho khng th t ti dng in nh k vng ca mch in.
2.11
Tng thch in t (EMC) (electromagnetic compatibility)
CH THCH: i vi cc thut ng v nh ngha lin quan n EMC, xem Ph lc H.
3. Phn loi t in
T in c phn loi theo:
- thit k bn ngoi (xem 2.3);
a im lp t (xem 2.5.1 v 2.5.2);
- iu kin lp t lin quan n tnh c ng (xem 2.5.3 v 2.5.4);
- cp bo v bng v ngoi (xem 7.2.1);
- loi v t;
- phng php lp, v d, cc b phn c lp c nh hoc cc b phn c th tho ra c (xem
7.6.3 v 7.6.4);
- bin php bo v con ngi (xem 7.4);
- dng phn cch bn trong (xem 7.7);
- loi mch ni in ca khi chc nng (xem 7.11).
4. c trng v in ca t in
T in c xc nh bng cc c trng v in nh i y:
4.1 in p danh nh
T in c xc nh bi cc in p danh nh ca cc mch in khc nhau ca n nh sau.
4.1.1 in p lm vic danh nh (ca mt mch in trong t in)
in p lm vic danh nh (Ue) ca mch in trong t in l gi tr in p m khi phi hp vi dng
in danh nh ca mch in ny th xc nh c ng dng ca n.
i vi mch in nhiu pha, in p ny l in p gia cc pha.
CH THCH: gi tr tiu chun ca cc in p danh nh ca mch iu khin c nu trong cc tiu
chun lin quan i vi thit b lp cng.
Nh ch to t in phi nu cc gii hn in p cn thit cc mch chnh v mch ph c th hot
ng tt. Trong mi trng hp, cc gii hn phi sao cho duy tr c in p trn cc u ni mch
iu khin ca cc linh kin lp cng, trong iu kin mang ti bnh thng, trong phm vi cc gii hn
qui nh trong cc tiu chun lin quan.
4.1.2 in p cch in danh nh (Ui) (ca mt mch in trong t in)
in p cch in danh nh ca mt mch in trong t in l gi tr in p m da vo xc nh
cc in p th nghim in mi v chiu di ng r.
in p lm vic danh nh ca mch in bt k trong t in khng c vt qu in p cch in
danh nh. Gi nh rng in p lm vic ca mch in bt k trong t in s khng vt qu 110 %,
d l nht thi, in p cch in danh nh ca n.
CH THCH: i vi cc mch in mt pha ly t h thng IT (xem IEC 60364-3), in p cch in
danh nh cn t nht l bng in p gia cc pha ca ngun.
i vi cc mch in nhiu pha, in p cch in danh nh c qui nh l in p gia cc pha.
4.1.3 in p chu xung danh nh (Uimp) (ca mt mch in trong t in)
Gi tr nh ca in p xung c dng v cc tnh qui nh ca mt mch in trong t in c kh nng
chu m khng b hng trong cc iu kin th nghim qui nh v da vo xc nh cc gi tr ca
khe h khng kh.
in p chu xung danh nh ca mt mch in trong t in phi ln hn hoc bng gi tr qui nh i
vi in p qu xut hin trong h thng m t c u vo.
CH THCH: Cc gi tr u tin ca in p chu xung danh nh l cc gi tr nu trong Bng 13.
4.2 Dng in danh nh (In) (ca mt mch in trong t in)
Dng in danh nh ca mt mch in trong t in c nh ch to a ra, c tnh n thng s c
trng ca cc linh kin thit b in nm trong t in, cch b tr v ng dng ca chng. Mch in
phi mang c dng in ny m tng nhit ca cc b phn khc nhau trong t khng b vt qu
cc gii hn qui nh trong 7.3 (Bng 2) khi c kim tra theo 8.2.1.
CH THCH: Vic xc nh cc dng in danh nh l phc tp, nn khng a ra cc gi tr tiu chun.
4.3 Dng in chu th ngn hn danh nh (Icw) (ca mt mch in trong t in)
Dng in chu th ngn hn danh nh ca mt mch in trong t in l gi tr hiu dng ca dng
in ngn hn c nh ch to n nh cho mch in n c th mang m khng b hng trong
cc iu kin th nghim qui nh trong 8.2.3. Nu nh ch to khng c qui nh no khc th thi gian
ny l 1 s. [IEV 441-17-17, c sa i]
i vi in xoay chiu, gi tr ca dng in l gi tr hiu dng ca thnh phn xoay chiu v gi thit l
gi tr nh cao nht c nhiu kh nng xut hin khng vt qu n ln gi tr hiu dng , h s n c
cho trong 7.5.3.
CH THCH 1: Nu thi gian ngn hn 1 s th cn phi qui nh c dng in chu th ngn hn danh
nh v thi gian, v d 20 kA, 0,2 s.
CH THCH 2: Dng in chu th ngn hn danh nh c th hoc l dng in k vng khi cc th
nghim c tin hnh in p lm vic danh nh hoc l dng in thc khi cc th nghim c
thc hin in p thp hn.
4.4 Dng in chu th nh danh nh (Ipk) (ca mt mch in trong t in)
Dng in chu th nh danh nh ca mt mch in trong t in l gi tr ca dng in nh do nh
ch to n nh cho mch in m mch in ny c th chu c mt cch tho ng trong cc
iu kin th nghim qui nh trong 8.2.3 (xem thm 7.5.3). [IEV 441-17-18, c sa i]
4.5 Dng in ngn mch danh nh c iu kin (Icc) (ca mt mch in trong t in)
Dng in ngn mch danh nh c iu kin ca mt mch in trong t in l gi tr dng in ngn
mch k vng do nh ch to n nh m mch in ny, khi c bo v bng mt thit b bo v ngn
mch do nh ch to qui nh, c th chu c mt cch tho ng trong thi gian tc ng ca thit b
trong iu kin th nghim qui nh trong 8.2.3 (xem thm 7.5.2).
Nh ch to phi qui nh chi tit v thit b bo v ngn mch.
CH THCH 1: i vi in xoay chiu, dng in ngn mch danh nh c iu kin c th hin bng
gi tr hiu dng ca thnh phn xoay chiu.
CH THCH 2: thit b bo v ngn mch c th l mt b phn tch hp ca t in hoc mt khi tch
ri.
4.6 Dng in ngn mch danh nh c cu chy Lcf (ca mt mch in trong t in)
 trng.
4.7 H s a dng danh nh
H s a dng danh nh ca t in hoc mt phn ca t in c mt s mch chnh (v d mt ngn
hoc mt ngn ph) l t s ca tng ln nht, ti bt k thi gian no, ca cc dng in gi thit ca tt
c cc mch chnh lin quan vi tng ca cc dng in danh nh ca tt c cc mch chnh ca t in
hoc ca phn c chn ca t in.
Khi nh ch to qui nh mt h s a dng danh nh th h s ny phi c s dng trong th nghim
tng nhit theo 8.2.1.
CH THCH: Khi khng c cc thng tin lin quan n dng in thc t, c th s dng cc gi tr qui
c di y.
Bng 1 Gi tr h s a dng danh nh
S lng mch chnh H s a dng danh nh
2 v 3 0,9
4 v 5 0,8
T 6 n v bng 9 0,7
10 tr ln 0,6
4.8 Tn s danh nh
Tn s danh nh ca t in l gi tr tn s nh r t in v l c s xc nh iu kin lm
vic.
Nu cc mch in ca t in c thit k cho cc tn s khc nhau th phi nu tn s danh nh cho
tng mch in.
CH THCH: Tn s cn nm trong gii hn qui nh trong cc tiu chun IEC lin quan i vi cc linh
kin lp cng. Nu khng c qui nh no khc ca nh ch to t in th tha nhn cc gii hn ny l
t 98 % n 102 % tn s danh nh.
5. Cc thng tin cn nu lin quan n t in
Nh ch to cn a ra cc thng tin sau y.
5.1 Tm thng s
Mi t in phi c mt hoc nhiu tm thng s, c ghi nhn bn v t v tr d nhn thy v r
rng khi t in c lp t.
Cc thng tin qui nh trong im a) v b) phi c ghi trn tm thng s.
Cc thng tin t im c) n t), nu thuc i tng p dng, phi c nu hoc trn tm thng s
hoc trong ti liu k thut ca nh ch to:
a) tn ca nh ch to hoc thng hiu;
CH THCH: Nh ch to c hiu l n v chu trch nhim vi mt t in hon chnh.
b) k hiu chng loi hoc s nhn bit, hoc phng tin nhn bit khc c th nhn c cc thng
tin lin quan t nh ch to;
c) s hiu tiu chun ny;
d) loi dng in (v tn s, trong trng hp in xoay chiu);
e) in p lm vic danh nh (xem 4.1.1);
f) in p cch in danh nh (xem 4.1.2);
- in p chu xung danh nh, khi c nh ch to cng b (xem 4.1.3);
g) in p danh nh ca mch ph (nu thuc i tng p dng);
j) dng in danh nh ca tng mch chnh (nu thuc i tng p dng, xem 4.2);
k) bn chu ngn mch (xem 7.5.2);
l) cp bo v bng v ngoi (xem 7.2.1);
m) bin php bo v chng in git (xem 7.4);
n) iu kin vn hnh i vi t in s dng trong nh, ngoi tri hoc ni c bit, nu khc vi iu
kin vn hnh bnh thng nu trong 6.1;
- nhim bn, khi c nh ch to cng b (xem 6.1.2.3);
o) loi h thng ni t m t c thit k;
p) cc kch thc (xem Hnh C.3 v C.4) theo th t u tin l chiu cao, chiu rng (hoc chiu di) v
chiu su;
q) khi lng t;
r) dng phn cch bn trong (xem 7.7);
s) loi mch ni in ca khi chc nng (xem 7.11);
t) mi trng A v/hoc B (xem 7.10.1).
5.2 Ghi nhn
Phi c kh nng nhn bit c cc mch in ring r bn trong t in cng vi cc thit b bo v
ca chng.
Trong trng hp c k hiu cho thit b ca t in, cc k hiu ny phi tng ng vi cc k hiu
trong IEC 61346-1 v vi cc k hiu trong s i dy, cc s ny phi ph hp vi IEC 61082.
5.3 Hng dn lp t, vn hnh v bo tr
Nh ch to phi qui nh trong ti liu k thut hoc trong catal cc iu kin, nu c, i vi lp t,
vn hnh v bo tr t in v cc thit b trong t in.
Nu cn thit, cc hng dn v vn chuyn, lp t v vn hnh t in phi ch ra cc bin php thc
s quan trng lp t, a vo hot ng v vn hnh ng v thch hp t in.
Trong trng hp cn thit, cc ti liu ni trn phi ch ra cc khuyn co v qui m v tn sut bo tr.
Nu kh c th phn nh r rng mch in khi ch da vo b tr thc t ca cc trang b lp trong t
th phi cung cp cc thng tin thch hp, v d nh s hoc bng i dy.
Nh ch to t in phi qui nh cc bin php cn thc hin, nu c, v tng thch in t lin quan
n lp t, vn hnh v bo tr t in.
Nu t in c thit k ring trong mi trng A nhng c s dng trong mi trng B th hng
dn vn hnh phi c ni dung cnh bo sau y:
Cnh bo:
y l sn phm dng trong mi trng A. Khi s dng sn phm ny trong gia nh, c th gy ra nhiu
tn s rai, khi , ngi s dng c th phi thc hin cc bin php thch hp.
6. iu kin vn hnh
6.1 iu kin vn hnh bnh thng
T in ph hp vi tiu chun ny l t thch hp s dng trong cc iu kin di y.
CH THCH: Nu s dng cc linh kin, v d nh rle, thit b in t khng c thit k lm vic
trong cc iu kin ny th phi thc hin cc bc thch hp m bo chng hot ng ng (xem
7.6.2.4, on hai).
6.1.1 Nhit khng kh mi trng
6.1.1.1 Nhit khng kh mi trng dng cho lp t trong nh
Nhit khng kh mi trng khng c vt qu + 40 C v gi tr nhit trung bnh trong 24 h
khng c vt qu + 35 C.
Gii hn di ca nhit khng kh mi trng l 5 C.
6.1.1.2 Nhit khng kh mi trng dng cho lp t ngoi tri
Nhit khng kh mi trng khng c vt qu +40 C v gi tr nhit trung bnh trong 24 h
khng c vt qu +35 C.
Gii hn di ca nhit khng kh mi trng l:
-25 C vng kh hu n ho, v
-50 C vng kh hu a cc.
CH THCH: Vic s dng t in vng kh hu a cc c th cn c tho thun ring gia nh ch
to v ngi s dng.
6.1.2 iu kin kh quyn
6.1.2.1 iu kin kh quyn dng cho lp t trong nh
Khng kh sch v c m tng i khng vt qu 50 % nhit cao nht l +40 C. Cho php c
m khng kh tng i cao hn nhit thp hn, v d 90 % nhit +20 C. Cn ch n
hin tng ngng t i khi c th xut hin mc kh ln do bin i nhit .
6.1.2.2 iu kin kh quyn i vi lp t ngoi tri
m tng i c th tm thi cao n mc 100 % nhit ln nht l +25 C.
6.1.2.3 nhim bn
nhim bn (xem 2.9.10) lin quan n iu kin mi trng m t in c thit k.
i vi cc thit b ng ct v cc linh kin nm bn trong v t, c th p dng nhim bn ca iu
kin mi trng bn trong v t.
nh gia khe h khng kh v chiu di ng r, bn nhim bn di y c thit lp trong
mi trng hp (khe h khng kh v chiu di ng r ng vi cc nhim bn khc nhau c cho
trong Bng 14 v 16).
Nhim bn 1:
Khng c nhim bn hoc ch xut hin nhim bn kh, khng dn.
Nhim bn 2:
Bnh thng ch xut hin nhim bn khng dn. Tuy vy, i khi c th xut hin nht thi nhim bn
dn do ngng t.
Nhim bn 3:
Xut hin nhim bn dn hoc nhim bn kh, khng dn, nhng c th tr thnh nhim bn dn do
ngng t.
Nhim bn 4:
Nhim bn to ra dn lin tc, v d, do bi dn in hoc do nc ma hoc tuyt.
nhim bn tiu chun dng trong cc ng dng cng nghip:
Nu khng c qui nh no khc, t in trong cng nghip thng l mi trng c nhim bn 3. Tuy
nhin, c th xem xt n cc nhim bn khc, ty thuc vo cc ng dng c th hoc mi trng
hp c th.
CH THCH: nhim bn ca mi trng hp dng cho thit b c th b nh hng do c lp t
bn trong v t.
6.1.3 cao so vi mc nc bin
cao so vi mc nc bin ni lp t khng vt qu 2 000 m (6 600 ft).
CH THCH: i vi cc thit b in t cn s dng cao so vi mc nc bin trn 1 000 m, cn
quan tm n s suy gim bn in mi v tc dng lm mt ca khng kh. Cc thit b in t c
thit k lm vic trong cc iu kin nh vy cn c thit k hoc s dng theo tha thun gia
nh ch to v ngi s dng.
6.2 iu kin vn hnh c bit
Trong trng hp tn ti mt trong cc iu kin vn hnh c bit di y, vic p dng cc yu cu
c th phi ph hp vi hoc phi c tha thun ring gia ngi s dng v nh ch to. Ngi s
dng phi cung cp thng tin n nh ch to nu c cc iu kin vn hnh khc thng nh vy.
iu kin vn hnh c bit, v d nh:
6.2.1 Cc gi tr nhit , m tng i v/hoc cao so vi mc nc bin khc so vi cc gi tr
qui nh trong 6.1.
6.2.2 Cc ng dng nhng ni c nhit v/hoc p sut khng kh bin i vi tc cao n mc
c nhiu kh nng xut hin ngng t khc thng bn trong t in.
6.2.3 Khng kh nhim bn nng do bi, cc phn t n mn hoc phng x, hi nc hoc mui.
6.2.4 Phi nhim trong trng in hoc trng t mnh.
6.2.5 Phi nhim trong nhit cc hn, v d bc x mt tri hoc l.
6.2.6 B nm mc hoc cn trng xm nhp.
6.2.7 Lp t v tr c nguy him chy hoc n.
6.2.8 Phi nhim trong iu kin c rung v xc nng n.
6.2.9 Lp t theo cch nh hng n kh nng mang dng in hoc kh nng ct, v d lp trong
my hoc chm trong hc tng.
6.2.10 C tnh n cc bin php khc phc thch hp chng:
- nhiu dn v nhiu bc x khng phi tng thch in t;
- cc nhiu tng thch in t trong cc mi trng khc vi mi trng m t trong Ph lc H.
6.3 Cc iu kin vn chuyn, bo qun v lp rp
6.3.1 Gia ngi s dng v nh ch to phi c tha thun ring nu cc iu kin trong thi gian vn
chuyn, bo qun v lp rp, v d nh iu kin nhit v m khc vi cc iu kin qui nh trong
6.1.
Nu khng c qui nh no khc th p dng di nhit di y: trong thi gian vn chuyn v bo
qun: t -25 C n +55 C v trong thi gian ngn, khng qu 24 h, n +70 C.
Thit b chu cc nhit cc hn ny nhng cha vn hnh khng c c nhng h hi khng th
phc hi v sau phi lm vic bnh thng trong cc iu kin qui nh.
7. Thit k v kt cu
7.1 Thit k v c
7.1.1 Yu cu chung
T in phi c kt cu ch bng vt liu c kh nng chu ng sut c, in v nhit cng nh cc
nh hng ca m c nhiu kh nng xy ra trong vn hnh bnh thng. Cc b phn ca t in
lm bng vt liu cch in phi c mc qui nh v kh nng chu nhit khng bnh thng v chu
chy.
Bo v chng n mn phi c m bo bng cch s dng vt liu thch hp hoc bng lp ph bo
v tng ng trn b mt h, c tnh n cc iu kin d kin trong s dng v bo tr.
Tt c v t hoc vch ngn c cha phng tin kha dng cho ca, b phn ko ra c, v.v phi
c bn c chu cc ng sut m chng c th phi chu trong vn hnh bnh thng.
Thit b v mch in trong t in phi c b tr sao cho d dng vn hnh v bo tr, v ng thi
m bo mc an ton cn thit.
7.1.2 Khe h khng kh, chiu di ng r v khong cch ly
7.1.2.1 Khe h khng kh v chiu di ng r
Thit b to thnh mt phn ca t in phi c khong cch ph hp vi cc yu cu k thut lin quan,
v cc khong cch ny phi c duy tr trong cc iu kin vn hnh bnh thng.
Khi b tr thit b trong t in, phi ph hp vi chiu di ng r v khe h khng kh qui nh hoc
in p chu xung danh nh (Uimp) c tnh n cc iu kin vn hnh lin quan.
i vi dy dn v cc u ni mang in khng bc cch in (v d, thanh ci, mi ni gia cc thit
b, u ct cp), chiu di ng r v khe h khng kh hoc in p chu xung t nht phi ph hp vi
cc gi tr cho cc thit b khi chng c ni trc tip.
Ngoi ra, cc iu kin khng bnh thng nh ngn mch khng c lm gim vnh vin khe h
khng kh hoc bn in mi gia cc thanh ci v/hoc cc mi ni khng phi l cp xung thp
hn cc gi tr qui nh cho thit b m chng ni trc tip n. Xem thm 8.2.2.
i vi t in th nghim theo 8.2.2.6 ca tiu chun ny, cc gi tr ti thiu c nu trong Bng 14
v 16 v in p th nghim c nu trong 7.1.2.3.
7.1.2.2 Cch ly ca cc b phn ko ra c
Trong trng hp cc khi chc nng c lp trn b phn ko ra c th ti thiu cch ly phi ph
hp vi yu cu ca yu cu k thut lin quan i vi dao cch ly * cn mi, c tnh n dung sai ch
to v s thay i kch thc do mi mn.
7.1.2.3 c tnh in mi
i vi mt mch in hoc nhiu mch in ca t in, khi nh ch to cng b in p chu xung
danh nh th p dng cc yu cu ca cc iu t 7.1.2.3.1 n 7.1.2.3.6 v (cc) mch in phi tho
mn cc th nghim v kim tra v in mi qui nh trong 8.2.2.6 v 8.2.2.7.
Trong cc trng hp khc, mch in ca t in phi tha mn cc th nghim in mi qui nh trong
8.2.2.2, 8.2.2.3, 8.2.2.4 v 8.2.2.5.
CH THCH: Tuy nhin, cn lu rng, trong trng hp ny, khng kim tra c cc yu cu v phi
hp cch in.
u tin khi nim v phi hp cch in da trn thng s in p xung.
7.1.2.3.1 Yu cu chung
Cc yu cu di y da trn cc nguyn tc ca IEC 60664-1 v cung cp kh nng phi hp cch
in ca thit b cng vi cc iu kin bn trong h thng lp t.
(Cc) mch in ca t in phi c kh nng chu in p chu xung danh nh (xem 4.1.3) theo cp qu
in p nu trong Ph lc G hoc, khi thuc i tng p dng, in p xoay chiu hoc mt chiu
tng ng nu trong Bng 13. Bng 15 a ra in p chu th t ln khong cch ly ca thit b thch
hp cch ly hoc ca cc b phn ko ra c.

*
Xem IEC 60947-3
CH THCH: Mi tng qun gia in p danh ngha ca h thng cung cp in v in p chu xung
danh nh ca (cc) mch in ca t in c nu trong Ph lc G.
in p chu xung danh nh ng vi in p lm vic danh nh cho trc khng c nh hn gi tr
tng ng trong Ph lc G ng vi in p danh ngha ca h thng cung cp ca mch in ti im
s dng t in v cp qu in p thch hp.
7.1.2.3.2 in p chu xung ca mch chnh
a) Khe h khng kh t cc b phn mang in n cc b phn d kin ni t v gia cc cc vi
nhau phi chu c in p th nghim cho trong Bng 13 ng vi in p chu xung danh nh.
b) Khe h khng kh gia cc tip im v tr m i vi cc b phn ko ra c ng v tr cch
ly phi chu c in p th nghim nu trong bng 15 ng vi in p chu xung danh nh.
c) Cch in rn ca t in kt hp vi khe h khng kh a) v/hoc b) phi chu c in p xung qui
nh trong a) v/hoc b), ty theo trng hp.
7.1.2.3.3 in p chu xung ca mch ph
a) Mch ph lm vic trc tip t mch chnh ti in p lm vic danh nh m khng c bt k phng
tin gim qu-in p no phi ph hp vi cc yu cu ca im a) v c) ca 7.1.2.3.2.
b) Mch ph khng lm vic trc tip t mch chnh c th c kh nng chu qu in p khc vi mch
chnh. Khe h khng kh v cch in rn kt hp ca cc mch in ny xoay chiu hoc mt chiu
phi chu c in p tng ng theo Ph lc G.
7.1.2.3.4 Khe h khng kh
Khe h khng kh phi cho php mch in chu c in p th nghim, theo 7.1.2.3.2 v
7.1.2.3.3.
Khe h khng kh t nht phi bng cc gi tr cho trong Bng 14 i vi trng hp B trng ng
nht.
Khng yu cu th nghim nu khe h khng kh, lin quan n in p chu xung danh nh v
nhim bn, ln hn cc gi tr cho trong Bng 14 i vi trng hp A trng khng ng nht.
Phng php o khe h khng kh c nu trong Ph lc F.
7.1.2.3.5 Chiu di ng r
a) nh kch thc
i vi nhim bn 1 v 2, chiu di ng r khng c nh hn khe h khng kh kt hp c
chn theo 7.1.2.3.4. i vi nhim bn 3 v 4, chiu di ng r khng c nh hn khe h khng
kh trng hp A gim ri ro phng in nh thng do qu in p, ngay c khi khe h khng kh
nh hn cc gi tr i vi trng hp A, nh cho php trong 7.1.2.3.4.
Phng php o chiu di ng r c nu trong Ph lc F.
Chiu di ng r phi tng ng vi nhim bn qui nh trong 6.1.2.3 v tng ng vi nhm vt
liu tng ng ti in p cch in (hoc in p lm vic) danh nh nu trong Bng 16.
Cc nhm vt liu c phn loi nh di y, theo dy gi tr ca ch s phng in tng i (CTI)
(xem 2.9.18):
- Nhm vt liu I 600 CTI
- Nhm vt liu II 400 CTI 600
- Nhm vt liu IIIa 175 CTI 400
- Nhm vt liu IIIb 100 CTI 175
CH THCH 1: gi tr CTI l gi tr t c theo IEC 60112, phng php A, vi vt liu cch in c
s dng.
CH THCH 2: Vi cc vt liu cch in v c, v d nh thy tinh hoc gm, khng c phng in b
mt, chiu di ng r khng nht thit phi ln hn khe h khng kh phi hp ca n. Tuy nhin, cn
xem xt ri ro phng in nh thng.
b) S dng cc gn
Chiu di ng r c th gim xung cn 80 % gi tr cho trong Bng 16 bng cch s dng cc gn c
chiu cao ti thiu l 2 mm, bt k s lng gn. y nh nht ca gn c xc nh theo cc yu cu
v c (xem iu F.2).
c) ng dng c bit
Mch in c thit k cho cc ng dng nht nh trong c tnh n hu qu nghim trng ca s
c cch in phi c mt hoc nhiu h s nh hng ca Bng 16 (khong cch, vt liu cch in,
nhim bn trong mi trng hp) v c s dng theo cch t c in p cch in cao hn
in p cch in danh nh cho mch in theo Bng 16.
7.1.2.3.6 Khong khng gian gia cc mch in ring r
nh kch thc khe h khng kh, chiu di ng r v cch in rn gia cc mch in ring r
th phi s dng thng s in p cao nht (in p chu xung danh nh i vi khe h khng kh v
cch in rn kt hp vi in p cch in danh nh i vi chiu di ng r).
7.1.3 u ni dng cho dy dn bn ngoi
7.1.3.1 nh ch to phi ch r cc u ni thch hp ni vi dy dn ng hoc nhm hoc c hai.
Cc u ni phi sao cho dy dn bn ngoi c th ni c bng mt phng tin (vt, b ni, v.v)
m bo duy tr c lc tip xc cn thit ng vi thng s dng in v bn ngn mch ca thit b
v mch in.
7.1.3.2 Trong trng hp khng c tha thun c bit gia nh ch to v ngi s dng th u ni
phi c kh nng tip nhn cc dy dn v cp bng ng c mt ct t nh nht n ln nht ng vi
dng in danh nh tng ng (xem Ph lc A).
Trong trng hp s dng dy dn nhm th cc u ni dng cho kch thc ln nht ca dy dn mt
si hoc dy bn nu trong Bng A.1 thng l v mt kch thc. Trong cc trng hp m nu s
dng kch thc ln nht ca dy dn nhm ngn cn vic s dng y dng in danh nh ca
mch in th phi cung cp phng tin ni dy dn nhm c kch thc ln hn lin k nhng phi c
tha thun gia nh ch to v ngi s dng.
Trong trng hp dy dn bn ngoi dng cho mch in t c dng in v in p mc thp (nh hn
1 A v nh hn 50 V xoay chiu hoc 120 V mt chiu) phi c ni vo t in th khng p dng
Bng A.1 (xem ch thch 2 ca Bng A.1).
7.1.3.3 Khng gian i dy sn c phi cho php u ni cc dy dn bn ngoi bng vt liu c ch ra
trong trng hp cp nhiu li th phi c khng gian tch ring cc li.
Dy dn khng phi chu cc ng sut lm suy gim tui th bnh thng ca chng.
CH THCH: Qui chun quc gia ca M qui nh cc yu cu v khng gian ti thiu un cong si
dy nhm m bo u ni ng dy dn bn ngoi.
7.1.3.4 Nu khng c tho thun khc gia nh ch to v ngi s dng, mch in ba pha v trung
tnh, u ni dnh cho dy trung tnh phi cho php u ni dy dn bng ng c kh nng mang dng:
- bng mt na kh nng mang dng ca dy pha nhng ti thiu l 10 mm 2, nu kch thc ca dy
pha vt qu 10 mm 2;
- bng kh nng mang dng ton phn ca dy pha, nu kch thc ca dy pha nh hn hoc bng 10
mm2.
CH THCH 1: i vi dy dn khng phi bng ng, mt ct ni trn c th c thay th bng mt
ct c dn in tng ng, iu ny c th i hi u ni ln hn.
CH THCH 2: Vi cc ng dng nht nh, trong , dng in trong dy trung tnh c th t n gi tr
cao, v d, h thng chiu sng hunh quang ln, c th cn dy trung tnh c kh nng mang dng bng
dy pha nhng phi c tho thun gia nh ch to v ngi s dng.
7.1.3.5 Nu cung cp phng tin u ni cho dy trung tnh, dy bo v v dy PEN i vo v i ra th
chng phi c b tr vng ln cn cc u ni dy pha lp cng.
7.1.3.6 Cc l li vo cp, tm che, v.v phi c thit k sao cho khi cp c lp t ng th phi
t c bin php bo v chng tip xc v cp bo v qui nh. iu ny ngha l vic la chn
phng tin i cp vo phi thch hp vi ng dng m nh ch to qui nh.
7.1.3.7 Nhn dng u ni
Khuyn co rng vic nhn dng u ni phi tun th IEC 60445.
7.1.4 Kh nng chu nhit khng bnh thng v chu chy
Cc b phn bng vt liu cch in c th phi chu ng sut nhit do cc hiu ng in, v vic chng
b h hi c th gim an ton ca t in th khng c chu tc ng bt li do nhit khng bnh
thng v do chy.
S ph hp ca cc b phn ny phi c kim tra bng th nghim theo IEC 60695-2-10 v IEC
60695-2-11.
Cc b phn bng vt liu cch in cn thit gi cc b phn mang dng ng v tr phi ph hp
vi th nghim si dy nng ca 8.2.9 nhit 960 C.
Cc b phn bng vt liu cch in khng phi l cc b phn qui nh trn, k c cc b phn cn
thit gi dy bo v, phi ph hp vi cc yu cu ca th nghim si dy nng ca 8.2.9 nhit
650 C.
Yu cu ny khng p dng cho cc b phn hoc cc linh kin c th nghim t trc theo tiu
chun ny hoc theo tiu chun sn phm.
Vi cc b phn nh (c kch thc b mt khng qu 14 mm x 14 mm), c th chn th nghim khc
(v d, th nghim ngn la hnh kim ca IEC 60695-2-2). Cng c th p dng cng qui trnh v cc
l do thc tin khc, khi m phn vt liu kim loi ca b phn l ln hn so vi vt liu cch in.
7.2 V t v cp bo v bng v ngoi
7.2.1 Cp bo v bng v ngoi
7.2.1.1 Cp bo v bng v ngoi ca bt k t in no chng vic tip xc vi b phn mang in,
chng s xm nhp ca vt th rn v cht lng t bn ngoi c ch ra bng k hiu IP theo TCVN
4255 (IEC 60529).
i vi t in t trong nh, ni khng yu cu phi bo v chng s xm nhp ca nc, u tin cc
IP vin dn di y:
IP00, IP2X, IP3X, IP4X, IP5X.
7.2.1.2 Cp bo v bng v ngoi ca t in kn, hoc bo v t pha trc ca t in c mt trc
kn, sau khi lp t theo hng dn ca nh ch to, phi t nht l IP2X.
7.2.1.3 i vi t in t ngoi tri m khng c bo v b sung, con s c trng th hai t nht phi l
3.
CH THCH: i vi h thng lp t ngoi tri, bo v b sung c th l mi che hoc tng t.
7.2.1.4 Nu khng c qui nh khc, cp bo v do nh ch to a ra l p dng cho t in hon chnh
khi c lp t theo hng dn ca nh ch to (xem thm 7.1.3.6), v d nh lm kn b mt lp t b
h ca t in, nu cn thit.
Nh ch to cng phi nu (cc) cp bo v chng tip xc trc tip, chng s xm nhp ca vt th rn
v cht lng t bn ngoi trong cc iu kin yu cu k thut vin c u quyn (xem 7.4.6) phi tip
cn cc b phn bn trong ca t in ang vn hnh. i vi t in c b phn tho ra c v/hoc
ko ra c, xem 7.6.4.3.
7.2.1.5 Nu cp bo v ca mt b phn ca t in, v d trn b mt lm vic, khc vi b phn chnh,
th nh ch to phi ch ra cp bo v ca ring b phn . V d, IP00, b mt lm vic IP20.
7.2.1.6 i vi PTTA, khng th ch ra m IP tr khi c th thc hin kim tra thch hp theo TCVN 4255
(IEC 60529) hoc khi s dng v t ch to sn qua th nghim.
7.2.2 Bin php tnh n m kh quyn
Trong trng hp t in lp t ngoi tri v trong trng hp t in kn dng cho lp t trong nh
d kin s dng cc v tr c m cao v nhit thay i trong cc gii hn rng, phi b tr
thch hp (l thng hi v/hoc gia nhit bn trong, l thot nc, v.v) ngn nga ngng t c hi
bn trong t in. Tuy nhin, cp bo v qui nh vn c duy tr (i vi cc thit b lp trong, xem
7.6.2.4).
7.3 tng nhit
Cc gii hn tng nhit nu trong Bng 2 p dng cho nhit trung bnh ca khng kh xung quanh
nh hn hoc bng 35 C v khi kim tra theo 8.2.1, t in khng c vt qu cc gii hn ny.
CH THCH: tng nhit ca mt phn t hoc mt b phn l chnh lch gia nhit ca phn t
hoc b phn khi o theo 8.2.1.5 v nhit khng kh xung quanh bn ngoi t in.
Bng 2 Gii hn tng nhit
B phn ca t in tng nhit
C
Linh kin lp trong 1) Theo yu cu ca tiu chun sn phm lin quan
cho cc linh kin ring r hoc theo hng dn ca
nh ch to linh kin 6), c tnh n nhit trong
t in
u ni dng cho dy dn c cch in bn ngoi 70 2)
Thanh ci v dy dn, tip xc kim cm vo ca c gii hn bi:
b phn tho ra c hoc ko ra c ni vi
- bn c ca vt liu dn 7);
thanh ci
- nh hng c th ca thit b lin k
- gii hn nhit cho php ca vt liu cch in
tip xc vi dy dn;
- nh hng ca nhit dy dn ln thit b ni
vi n;
- i vi cc tip xc kiu cm vo, loi vt liu v
x l b mt ca vt liu tip im
Phng tin thao tc bng tay:
- bng kim loi 15 3)
- bng vt liu cch in 25 3)
V t v tm y bn ngoi c kh nng chm ti:
- b mt kim loi 30 4)
- b mt cch in 40 4)
B tr ring r cc u ni in kiu cm v phch c xc nh bi gii hn i vi cc phn t
cm thuc thit b lin quan 5)
1)
Thut ng linh kin lp trong ngha l:
- thit b ng ct v thit b iu khin thng thng;
- cm lp rp nh v in t (v d, cu chnh lu, mch in);
- cc b phn ca thit b (v d, b iu chnh, khi n nh ngun, b khuch i vn hnh).
2)
Gii hn tng nhit bng 70 C l gi tr da vo th nghim qui c theo 8.2.1. T in c s
dng hoc th nghim trong cc iu kin lp t c th c cch u ni m kiu, tnh cht v cch b tr
khng ging nh cc iu kin c chp nhn cho th nghim v c th to ra tng nhit khc nhau
ca cc u ni v c th c yu cu hoc c chp nhn. Trong trng hp u ni ca linh kin
lp trong cng l u ni ca dy dn c cch in bn ngoi th phi p dng gii hn tng nhit
tng ng thp hn.
3)
Phng tin thao tc bng tay bn trong t in ch c th tip cn c sau khi m t in, v d,
tay cm ko, vn hnh khng thng xuyn, cho php gii hn tng nhit thm 25 C na.
4)
Nu khng c qui nh khc, trong trng hp tm che v v t c th tip cn c nhng khng nht
thit phi chm vo trong qu trnh lm vic bnh thng th cho php gii hn tng nhit tng thm
10 C.
5)
iu ny cho php c c linh hot lin quan n thit b (v d, c cu in t) phi chu cc gii
hn tng nhit khc vi cc gii hn thng kt hp vi thit b ng ct v thit b iu khin.
6)
i vi cc th nghim tng nhit 8.2.1, gii hn tng nhit phi do nh ch to t in qui nh.
7)
Gi thit l tt c cc tiu ch cn li c lit k u c p ng, tng nhit ln nht ca thanh
ci v dy dn ng trn khng c vt qu 105 C. Gi tr 105 C lin quan n nhit m cao
hn nhit s c nhiu kh nng l ng b mm.
7.4 Bo v chng in git
Cc yu cu sau y nhm m bo rng cc bin php bo v yu cu l t c khi t in c lp
t trong h thng ph hp vi yu cu k thut lin quan.
i vi cc bin php bo v c chp nhn ni chung, xem TCVN 7447-4-41 (IEC 60364-4-41).
Cc bin php bo v c tm quan trng c bit i vi t in c nu chi tit nh di y, c tnh
n s cn thit c th ca cc t in.
7.4.1 Bo v chng tip xc trc tip v gin tip
7.4.1.1 Bo v bng in p cc thp an ton
(Xem iu 411.1 ca TCVN 7447-4-41 (IEC 60364-4-41).)
7.4.2 Bo v chng tip xc trc tip (xem 2.6.8)
Bo v chng tip xc trc tip c th t c nh cc bin php kt cu thch hp ca bn thn t
in hoc bng bin php b sung trong qu trnh lp t, vic ny c th i hi c thng tin t nh ch
to.
V d v vic cn thc hin bin php b sung l lp t t in kiu h nhng khng c trang b g thm
ti v tr ch ngi c y quyn mi c php tip cn.
C th chn mt hoc nhiu bin php bo v di y, c tnh n cc yu cu nu trong cc iu nh
tip theo. Vic chn bin php bo v phi c tha thun gia nh ch to v ngi s dng.
CH THCH: Thng tin nu trong catal ca nh ch to c th thay cho tha thun ny.
7.4.2.1 Bo v bng cch in cc b phn mang in
B phn mang in phi c bc cch in hon ton v ch c th tho ra bng cch ph hy.
Cch in ny phi c lm bng vt liu thch hp c kh nng chu c lu di cc ng sut c,
in v nhit m cch in c th phi chu trong vn hnh.
CH THCH: V d nh cc linh kin c bc trong cch in, cp.
Sn, vcni, men v cc sn phm tng t, bn thn chng khng c xem l c cch in bo
v chng in git trong vn hnh bnh thng.
7.4.2.2 Bo v bng tm chn hoc v t
Cc yu cu di y phi c tun th.
7.4.2.2.1 Tt c cc b mt bn ngoi phi ph hp vi cp bo v chng tip xc trc tip t nht l
IP2X hoc IPXXB. Khong cch gia cc phng tin c kh dng bo v v cc b phn mang in
m chng bo v khng c nh hn cc gi tr qui nh i vi khe h khng kh v chiu di ng
r trong 7.1.2, tr khi phng tin c kh l vt liu cch in.
7.4.2.2.2 Tt c cc tm chn v v t phi c gn chc chn ng v tr. Xt v vt liu, kch thc v
b tr, chng phi c n nh v bn chu c sc cng v ng sut c nhiu kh nng xy
ra trong vn hnh bnh thng m khng gim khe h khng kh theo 7.4.2.2.1.
7.4.2.2.3 Trong trng hp cn thc hin d phng khi tho tm chn, m v t, hoc ko cc b phn
ca v t (ca, hp, np, tm che v tng t), phi theo mt trong cc yu cu sau:
a) Tho, m hoc ko phi s dng cha kha hoc dng c.
b) Tt c cc b phn mang in c th b chm vo mt cch khng ch sau khi m ca phi c
cch ly trc khi ca c th m. Trong h thng TN-C, dy PEN khng c b cch ly hoc b ng ct.
Trong h thng TN-S, dy trung tnh khng nht thit phi c cch ly hoc ng ct (xem IEC 60364-
4-46).
V d: Bng cch kha lin ng (cc) ca dng b phn ngt in ch c th m ca khi b ngt in
m v khng th ng b ngt khi ca ang m, tr khi b qua kha lin ng hoc s dng dng c.
Nu v l do vn hnh, t in c lp thit b cho php ngi c y quyn tip cn n b phn mang
in khi thit b ang c in th kha lin ng phi t ng phc hi khi ca ng li.
c) T in phi c vt cn hoc ca chp bn trong che tt c cc b phn mang in sao cho khng th
chm vo b phn mang in mt cch khng ch khi ca m. Vt cn hoc ca chp ny phi ph
hp vi cc yu cu ca 7.4.2.2.1 (i vi cc ngoi l, xem im d) v 7.4.2.2.2. Vt cn hoc ca chp
phi c c nh ng v tr hoc phi trt v ng v tr khi ca m. Khng th tho vt cn hoc ca
chp ra m khng s dng cha kha hoc dng c.
C th cn thit phi cung cp nhn cnh bo.
d) Trong trng hp c cc b phn bt k nm pha sau tm chn hoc bn trong v t nhng thnh
thong phi thao tc (v d thay bng n hoc dy chy) th ch c th tho, m hoc ko m khng
dng cha kha hoc dng c v khng ct in khi cc iu kin di y c p ng (xem 7.4.6):
- c vt cn sau tm chn hoc bn trong v t ngn nga tip xc khng ch vi cc b phn
mang in khng c bo v bng cc bin php bo v khc. Tuy nhin, vt cn ny khng nht thit
phi ngn cn con ngi tip xc mt cch c ch bng cch lch qua vt cn ny bng tay. Khng th
tho vt cn ra m khng s dng cha kha hoc dng c;
- b phn mang in m in p ca chng tha mn cc iu kin v in p cc thp an ton th
khng phi che chn.
7.4.2.3 Bo v bng vt cn
Bin php ny p dng cho t in kiu h, xem iu 412.3 ca TCVN 7447-4-41 (IEC 60364-4-41).
7.4.3 Bo v chng tip xc gin tip (xem 2.6.9)
Ngi s dng phi ch ra bin php bo v p dng trong h thng lp t m t in c thit k.
c bit, cn ch n TCVN 7447-4-41 (IEC 60364-4-41), trong c qui nh cc yu cu v bo v
chng tip xc gin tip cho h thng lp t hon chnh, v d nh s dng cc dy dn bo v.
7.4.3.1 Bo v bng cch s dng mch bo v
Mch bo v trong t in gm c dy bo v ring r hoc cc b phn c kt cu dn, hoc c hai.
Mch bo v nhm:
- bo v chng cc hu qu ca s c bn trong t in;
- bo v chng cc hu qu ca s c mch in bn ngoi c cp in qua t in.
Cc yu cu cn tun th c nu nh di y.
7.4.3.1.1 Phi thc hin cc bin php phng nga v kt cu m bo tnh lin tc v in gia cc
b phn dn h ca t in (xem 7.4.3.1.5) v gia cc b phn ny vi mch bo v ca h thng
lp t (xem 7.4.3.1.6).
i vi PTTA, tr khi s dng cch b tr th nghim in hnh, hoc vic kim tra xc nhn v bn
ngn mch l khng cn thit theo cc iu t 8.2.3.1.1 n 8.2.3.1.3 th phi s dng dy dn bo v
ring cho mch bo v v phi c sp xp so vi cc thanh ci sao cho nh hng ca lc in t l
khng ng k.
7.4.3.1.2 Mt s b phn dn h khng gy nguy him trong t in:
- hoc v khng th chm ti chng trn b mt rng hoc khng nm tay vo,
- hoc v chng c kch thc nh (xp x 50 mm x 50 mm) hoc c b tr sao cho khng th tip xc
vi cc b phn mang in,
th khng cn ni vo mch bo v. iu ny p dng cho vt, inh tn v tm nhn. iu ny cng p
dng cho nam chm ca cngtct hoc rle, li t ca my bin p (tr khi chng c u ni dng
u ni vi dy bo v), mt s b phn nh, v.v bt k kch thc ca chng.
7.4.3.1.3 Phng tin thao tc bng tay (tay cm, v lng v.v) phi:
- hoc c ni in, theo cch ni chc chn v vnh vin, vi cc b phn c ni vi mch bo v.
- hoc c cung cp cch in b sung cch ly chng vi cc b phn dn khc ca t in. Cch
in ny phi c gi tr danh nh t nht bng in p cch in danh nh ln nht ca thit b kt hp.
Cc b phn ca phng tin thao tc bng tay m con ngi thng nm vo trong qu trnh lm vic
u tin lm bng hoc bc vt liu cch in chu c in p cch in danh nh ln nht ca thit b.
7.4.3.1.4 B phn bng kim loi c ph vc ni hoc men thng khng c xem l c cch in
ph hp vi cc yu cu ny.
7.4.3.1.5 Tnh lin tc ca mch bo v phi c m bo nh lin kt hiu qu hoc lin kt trc tip
hoc bng dy bo v.
a) Khi mt b phn ca t in c tho ra khi v t, v d bo dng nh k, mch bo v i vi
phn cn li ca t in khng c b ngt.
Phng tin c s dng ni cc b phn kim loi khc nhau ca t in c coi l m
bo tnh lin tc ca mch bo v nu c cc bin php phng nga m bo lu di dn in tt v
c kh nng mang dng chu c dng in s c chm t c th chy trong t in.
CH THCH: Khng nn s dng ng kim loi mm lm dy bo v.
b) Khi cc b phn tho ra c hoc ko ra c c b mt bng kim loi th cc b mt ny c
xem l m bo tnh lin tc ca mch bo v, vi iu kin l p lc t vo chng l ln. C
th cn c cc bin php phng nga m bo tnh dn tt, lu di. Tnh lin tc ca mch bo v
ca b phn ko ra c phi duy tr c hiu qu t v tr c u ni n v tr cch ly.
c) i vi np, ca, tm che v tng t, cc mi ni c ren kim loi thng thng v bn l kim loi
c xem l m bo tnh lin tc vi iu kin l khng gn thm thit b in vo chng.
Nu cc thit b c in p vt qu cc gii hn ca in p cc thp c gn vo np, ca, tm y,
v.v, th phi c cc bin php m bo tnh lin tc ca mch bo v. Cc b phn ny cn c
lp vi dy bo v (PE) c mt ct theo Bng 3A ty thuc vo dng in lm vic danh nh ln nht I e
ca thit b. Mch ni in tng ng c thit k ring cho mc ch ny (tip im trt, bn l c
bo v khi n mn) c xem l tha mn.
d) Tt c cc b phn ca mch bo v trong t in phi c thit k sao cho chng c kh nng chu
c cc ng sut v nhit v ng sut in ng cao nht c th xy ra ti ni lp t t in.
e) Khi v t in c s dng lm mt phn ca mch bo v th din tch mt ct ca thnh t phi t
nht l tng ng v in vi din tch mt ct nh nht qui nh trong 7.4.3.1.7.
f) Trong trng hp tnh lin tc c th b gin on do b ni hoc c cu dng phch cm- cm, th
mch bo v phi gin on ch sau khi dy mang in c ngt ra v tnh lin tc c thit lp trc
khi dy mang in c ni li.
g) V nguyn tc, ngoi tr cc trng hp cp im f), mch bo v trong t in khng c c
thit b ngt (thit b ng ct, dao cch ly, v.v). Phng tin duy nht c php c trong mch ca
dy bo v l vt ni c th tho ra bng dng c v ch ngi c y quyn mi tip cn c (cc
vt ni ny c th cn n thc hin mt s th nghim nht nh).
7.4.3.1.6 u ni dng cho dy bo v bn ngoi v v bc kim loi, nu c yu cu, phi c h
v, nu khng c qui nh khc, phi thch hp u ni vi dy dn bng ng. Phi c u ni ring
vi kch thc thch hp tip nhn (cc) dy bo v i ra ca tng mch in. Trong trng hp v t
v dy dn bng nhm hoc hp kim nhm, phi c xem xt c bit n s nguy him ca n mn in
ha. Trong trng hp t in c kt cu dn, v t, v.v, phi c phng tin m bo tnh lin tc
v in gia cc b phn dn h (mch bo v) ca t in v v kim loi ca cp ni (ng thp, v
ch, v.v). Phng tin ni m bo tnh lin tc ca b phn dn h c dy bo v bn ngoi
khng c c chc nng no khc.
CH THCH: Cc phng nga c bit c th cn thit cho cc b phn kim loi ca t in, c bit l
cc tm bt, trong , lp ph chng n mn, v d nh lp ph dng bt, c s dng.
7.4.3.1.7 Din tch mt ct ca dy bo v (PE, PEN) trong t in m dy dn bn ngoi c thit k
ni vi dy bo v ny phi c xc nh theo mt trong cc cch di y.
a) Din tch mt ct ca dy bo v (PE, PEN) khng c nh hn gi tr tng ng cho trong Bng 3.
Nu vic p dng bng ny to ra cc kch thc khng tiu chun th dy bo v (PE, PEN) c din tch
mt ct tiu chun ln hn gn nht c s dng.
Bng 3 Din tch mt ct ca dy bo v (PE, PEN)
Din tch mt ct ca dy pha Din tch mt ct nh nht ca dy bo v
tng ng (PE, PEN)
S
Sp
mm2
mm2
S 16 S
16 < S 35 16
35 < S 400 S/2
400 < S 800 200
800 < S S/4
Cc gi tr trong Bng 3 ch c hiu lc khi dy bo v (PE, PEN) lm bng cng kim loi vi dy pha.
Nu khng, din tch mt ct ca dy bo v (PE, PEN) c xc nh theo cch to ra dn tng
ng vi dn to ra t vic p dng Bng 3.
i vi dy PEN, phi p dng thm cc yu cu di y:
- din tch mt ct nh nht phi l 10 mm 2 Cu hoc 16 mm2 Al;
- dy PEN khng nht thit phi c cch in trong t in;
- b phn kt cu khng c s dng lm dy PEN. Tuy nhin, cc thanh lp t lm bng ng hoc
nhm c th c s dng lm dy PEN;
- Bng 3 gii thit rng dng in dy trung tnh khng vt qu 30 % ca dng in pha;
- vi cc ng dng nht nh, trong dng in trong dy PEN c th t n gi tr cao, v d nh, h
thng chiu sng hunh quang ln, c th cn dy PEN c kh nng mang dng tng ng hoc cao
hn dy pha, c tha thun gia nh ch to v ngi s dng.
b) Din tch mt ct ca dy bo v (PE, PEN) phi c tnh nh cng thc ch ra trong Ph lc B hoc
t c bng mt s phng php khc, v d, bng th nghim.
xc nh mt ct ca dy bo v (PE, PEN), cc iu kin sau y phi c tha mn ng thi:
1) khi tin hnh th nghim theo 8.2.4.2, gi tr tr khng mch vng s c phi tha mn cc iu kin
yu cu thit b bo v tc ng;
2) phi chn iu kin tc ng ca thit b bo v v in sao cho loi b kh nng dng in s c
chy trong dy bo v (PE, PEN) gy ra tng nhit c xu hng lm h hi dy dn ny hoc nh
hng xu n tnh lin tc v in ca n.
7.4.3.1.8 Trong trng hp t in c cha b phn kt cu, khung, v, v.v, lm bng vt liu dn, dy
bo v, nu c, khng cn phi cch in vi cc b phn ny (v ngoi l, xem 7.4.3.1.9).
7.4.3.1.9 Cc dy dn dng cho mt s thit b bo v nht nh, k c dy dn ni chng vi in cc
t ring r phi c cch in cn thn. V d, iu ny p dng cho thit b pht hin s c da vo
in p lm vic v c th cng c p dng cho mi ni t ca trung tnh my bin p.
CH THCH: Cn ch c cc phng nga c bit khi p dng cc yu cu lin quan n cc thit b
ny.
7.4.3.1.10 Cc b phn dn h ca thit b khng th ni vi mch bo v bng phng tin c nh
ca thit b th phi c ni vi mch bo v ca t in c lin kt bo v bng dy dn c din tch
mt ct c chn theo Bng 3A.
Bng 3A Din tch mt ct ca dy lin kt bng ng
Dng in lm vic danh nh, Ie Din tch mt ct nh nht ca dy lin kt
A mm2
Ie 20 S*
20 < Ie 25 2,5
25 < Ie 32 4
32 < Ie 63 6
63 < Ie 10
2
* S = din tch mt ct ca dy pha (mm )
7.4.3.2 Bo v bng bin php khng s dng mch bo v
T in c th c bo v chng tip xc gin tip bng cc bin php di y, khng yu cu mch bo
v:
- cch ly v in cc mch in;
- cch in hon ton.
7.4.3.2.1 Cch ly v in cc mch in
(Xem iu 413.5 ca TCVN 7447-4-41 (IEC 60364-4-41)).
7.4.3.2.2 Bo v bng cch in hon ton*
bo v, bng cch in hon ton, chng tip xc gin tip, cc yu cu di y phi c p
ng.

a) Thit b ny phi c bc kn hon ton trong vt liu cch in. V t phi c k hiu , k hiu
ny phi d dng nhn thy t pha ngoi.
b) V t phi c lm bng vt liu cch in c kh nng chu c cc ng sut c, in v nhit m
n c th phi chu trong cc iu kin vn hnh bnh thng hoc c bit (xem 6.1 v 6.2) v phi c
kh nng chng lo ha v chng chy.
c) V t khng c c im b cc b phn dn xuyn qua lm cho in p s c c th b a ra bn
ngoi v t.
iu ny c ngha l cc b phn kim loi, nh tay thao tc v l do v kt cu phi xuyn qua v t, phi
c cch in pha trong hoc pha ngoi ca v t vi cc b phn mang in trong phm vi in p
cch in danh nh ln nht v, ty theo trng hp p dng, in p chu xung danh nh ln nht ca
tt c cc mch in trong t in.
Nu tay thao tc lm bng kim loi (c hoc khng bc vt liu cch in) th phi c cch in danh nh
ng vi in p cch in danh nh ln nht v, nu thuc i tng p dng, in p chu xung danh
nh ln nht ca tt c cc mch in trong t in.
Nu tay thao tc lm ch yu bng vt liu cch in, bt k phn kim loi no ca n c kh nng chm
ti khi hng cch in phi c cch in vi cc b phn mang in vi in p cch in danh nh
ln nht v, nu thuc i tng p dng, in p chu xung danh nh ln nht ca tt c cc mch in
trong t in.
d) V t, khi t in chun b a vo vn hnh v ni vi ngun, phi bao kn tt c cc b phn mang
in, b phn dn h v cc b phn thuc mch bo v sao cho khng th chm ti chng. V t
phi c cp bo v t nht l IP2XC*.
Nu mt dy bo v, ko n thit b in ni ra pha ti ca t in phi i qua t in c cc b phn
dn h c cch in, phi c u ni cn thit ni vi dy bo v bn ngoi v nhn dng
bng ghi nhn thch hp.
Bn trong v t, dy bo v v u ni ca n phi c cch in vi cc b phn mang in v b
phn dn h theo cch tng t nh cc b phn mang in c cch in.
e) B phn dn h bn trong t in khng c ni vi mch bo v, tc l chng khng c trong
bin php bo v lin quan n vic s dng mch bo v. iu ny cng p dng cho cc thit b lp
trong, ngay c nu chng c u ni dng cho dy bo v.
f) Nu ca hoc tm che ca v t c th m m khng s dng cha kha hoc dng c th phi c vt
cn lm bng vt liu cch in to ra bo v chng tip xc khng ch khng ch vi b phn mang
in tip cn c m cn vi b phn dn h m ch c th tip cn khi m tm che; tuy nhin,
khng th ly vt cn ny ra m khng s dng dng c.
7.4.4 Phng in tch
Nu t in c cc hng mc thit b c th cn tch in nguy him sau khi ct in (t in, v.v) th
phi c tm cnh bo.
T in c nh nh cc t in s dng dp h quang, to tr p tuyn ca rle, v.v, khng
c coi l c nguy him.
CH THCH: Tip xc khng ch khng c xem l nguy him nu in p gy ra t in tch tnh
nh hn 120 V mt chiu trong t hn 5 s sau khi ngt khi ngun cp in.

*
Theo 413.2.1.1 ca TCVN 7447-4-41 (IEC 60364-4-41), tng ng vi thit b cp II.
*
Xem TCVN 4255 (IEC 60529)
7.4.5 Li dnh cho thao tc v bo tr bn trong t in (xem 2.7.1 v 2.7.2)
Li bn trong t in thao tc v bo tr phi ph hp vi cc yu cu ca IEC 60364-4-481.
CH THCH: Cc hc bn trong t in c chiu su hn ch khong 1 m khng c xem l li bn
trong t in.
7.4.6 Yu cu lin quan n kh nng tip cn khi bo dng ca ngi c y quyn
i vi kh nng tip cn khi bo dng ca ngi c y quyn, khi c tha thun gia nh ch
to v ngi s dng, mt hoc mt s cc yu cu di y phi c tha mn. Cc yu cu ny
phi c b sung cho cc bin php bo v qui nh trong 7.4.
CH THCH: iu ny c ngha l cc yu cu tha thun l c hiu lc khi ngi c y quyn c
th tip cn t in, v d, bng cch s dng dng c hoc b qua kha lin ng (xem 7.4.2.2.3) khi t
in hoc phn ca t in ang c in p.
7.4.6.1 Yu cu lin quan n kh nng tip cn kim tra v cc hot ng tng t
T in phi c thit k v b tr sao cho vi cc thao tc nht nh, theo tha thun gia nh ch to
v ngi s dng, c th c thc hin khi t in ang trong vn hnh c ip p.
Cc thao tc c th l:
- xem xt bng mt i vi:
* thit b ng ct v thit b khc,
* t ch v ch th ca rle v c cu nh,
* mi ni dy dn v ghi nhn,
- iu chnh v t li rle, c cu nh v c cu in t,
- thay dy chy,
- thay bng n bo,
- cc thao tc nh v s c nht nh, v d, o in p v dng in bng thit b c thit k v
cch in thch hp.
7.4.6.2 Yu cu lin quan n kh nng tip cn bo tr
cho php bo tr, da trn tha thun gia nh ch to v ngi s dng, khi chc nng hoc nhm
chc nng c cch ly ca t in, trong khi cc khi chc nng hoc nhm chc nng bn cnh
vn c in th phi thc hin cc bin php cn thit. Vic la chn, theo tha thun gia nh ch to
v ngi s dng, ph thuc vo cc yu t nh iu kin vn hnh, tn sut bo tr, nng lc ca
ngi c y quyn, qui tc lp t ch, v.v Cc bin php ny gm c vic chn dng phn cch
thch hp (xem 7.7) v cng c th l:
- c khng gian gia khi chc nng hoc nhm chc nng cn bo tr v cc khi chc nng hoc
nhm chc nng bn cnh. Cc b phn c nhiu kh nng phi tho ra bo tr nn c phng tin
cht gi cht;
- s dng tm chn c thit k v b tr bo v chng tip xc trc tip vi thit b trong cc khi
chc nng v nhm chc nng bn cnh;
- s dng cc ngn cho tng khi hoc nhm chc nng;
- a vo cc phng tin bo v b sung do nh ch to cung cp hoc qui nh.
7.4.6.3 Yu cu lin quan n kh nng tip cn i vi phn m rng trong khi c in p
Khi c yu cu m rng t in i vi cc khi hoc nhm chc nng s b sung v sau, trong khi cc
phn cn li ca t in vn mang in p, nh ch to v ngi s dng cn c tha thun theo cc
yu cu ca 7.4.6.2. Cc yu cu ny cng p dng chn thm v du ni thm cp ly in ra trong
khi cp hin c vn mang in p.
Khng c ni di thanh ci v u ni cc khi b sung n ngun cung cp in vo khi ang c
in, tr khi thit k ca t in cho php cc u ni ny.
7.5 Bo v ngn mch v bn chu ngn mch
CH THCH: Hin ti, iu ny ch p dng ch yu cho thit b xoay chiu. Cc yu cu lin quan n
thit b mt chiu ang c xem xt.
7.5.1 Yu cu chung
T in phi c kt cu c kh nng chu c cc ng sut nhit v ng sut in ng gy ra do
dng in ngn mch t n gi tr danh nh.
CH THCH: Cc ng sut ngn mch c th gim bng cch s dng c cu hn ch dng in (in
cm, cu chy hn ch dng in hoc cc thit b ng ct hn ch dng in khc).
T in phi c bo v khi dng in ngn mch bng cc phng tin, v d, ptmt, cu chy
hoc kt hp c hai, c lp trong t in hoc b tr bn ngoi t.
CH THCH: i vi t in d kin s dng trong h thng IT *, thit b bo v ngn mch cn c kh
nng ct thch hp trn mi cc ti in pha-pha loi b s c chm t kp.
Khi t hng mt t in, ngi s dng phi xc nh cc iu kin ngn mch ti a im lp t.
CH THCH: iu ny gi l cn c cp bo v cao nht c th cho con ngi trong trng hp s c
pht sinh h quang bn trong t in, cho d mc tiu chnh l trnh cc h quanh ny t thit k thch
hp hoc hn ch thi gian duy tr h quang.
i vi PTTA, nn s dng kiu b tr c th nghim in hnh, v d thanh ci, tr khi p dng cc
ngoi l cho trong 8.2.3.1.1 n 8.2.3.1.3. Trong cc trng hp ngoi l, khi khng th s dng kiu b
tr c th nghim in hnh, bn chu ngn mch ca cc b phn ny (xem 8.2.3.2.6) phi
c kim tra bng ngoi suy t cc b tr c th nghim in hnh tng t (xem IEC 60865 v
IEC 61117).
7.5.2 Thng tin lin quan n bn chu ngn mch
7.5.2.1 i vi t in ch c mt khi ng in vo, nh ch to phi qui nh bn chu ngn mch
nh di y.
7.5.2.1.1 i vi t in c thit b bo v ngn mch (SCPD) lp trong khi ng in vo, nh ch to
phi ch ra gi tr cho php ln nht ca dng in ngn mch k vng ti u ni ca khi ng in
vo. Gi tr ny khng c vt qu (cc) thng s thch hp (xem 4.3, 4.4, 4.5 v 4.6). H s cng
sut tng ng v gi tr nh phi l cc gi tr cho trong 7.5.3.
Nu thit b bo v ngn mch l cu chy hoc ptmt hn ch dng in th nh ch to phi nu c
tnh ca SCPD (thng s dng in, kh nng ct, dng in ngng ct, I 2t, v.v).
Nu ptmt s dng c cu nh c thi gian tr th nh ch to phi ch ra thi gian tr ln nht v
dng in t tng ng vi dng in ngn mch k vng.
7.5.2.1.2 i vi t in khng lp thit b bo v ngn mch trong khi ng in vo th nh ch to
phi ch ra bn chu ngn mch theo mt hoc mt s cch di y:
a) dng in chu ngn mch danh nh km theo thi gian tng ng nu khc 1 s (xem 4.3) v dng
in chu th nh danh nh (xem 4.4);
CH THCH: Trong thi gian ln nht l 3s, mi lin quan gia dng in chu ngn mch danh nh v
thi gian tng ng c cho bi cng thc I2t = hng s, vi iu kin l gi tr nh khng vt qu
dng in chu th nh danh nh.
b) dng in ngn mch danh nh c iu kin (xem 4.5);
i vi im b), nh ch to phi ch ra cc c tnh (thng s dng in, kh nng ct, dng in
ngng ct, I2t, v.v) ca thit b bo v ngn mch cn thit bo v t in.
*
Xem IEC 60364-3
CH THCH: Khi cn thay th dy chy, gi thit l s dng dy chy c cng c tnh.
7.5.2.2 i vi t in c mt s khi ng in vo nhng t c kh nng tc ng ng thi th
bn chu ngn mch c th c ch ra cho tng khi ng in vo theo 7.5.2.1.
7.5.2.3 i vi t in c mt s khi ng in vo c nhiu kh nng tc ng ng thi v i vi t
in c mt khi ng in vo v mt hoc nhiu khi ng in ra dng cho my in quay cng
sut ln c kh nng lm tng dng in ngn mch, phi c tha thun ring xc nh cc gi tr
dng in ngn mch k vng trong tng khi ng in vo, trong tng khi ng in ra v trong
cc thanh ci.
7.5.3 Mi lin quan gia dng in nh v dng in ngn mch
tnh ton ng sut in ng, gi tr dng in nh phi c xc nh bng cch nhn dng in
ngn mch vi h s n. Cc gi tr tiu chun i vi h s n v h s cng sut tng ng c cho
trong Bng 4.
Bng 4 Gi tr tiu chun ca h s n
Gi tr hiu dng ca dng
cos
in ngn mch n
kA
I5 0,7 1,5
5 < I 10 0,5 1,7
10 < I 20 0,3 2
20 < I 50 0,25 2,1
50 < I 0,2 2,2
CH THCH: Gi tr ca bng ny i din cho ph nln cc ng dng. v tr c bit, v d, trong vng
ln cn my bin p hoc my pht c th thy cc gi tr h s cng sut thp hn, nh , dng in
nh k vng ln nht c th ly lm gi tr thi hn thay cho gi tr hiu dng ca dng in ngn mch.
7.5.4 Phi hp cc thit b bo v ngn mch
7.5.4.1 Vic phi hp cc thit b bo v ngn mch phi c tha thun gia nh cht to v ngi s
dng. Thng tin nu trong catal ca nh ch to c th thay cho tha thun ny.
7.5.4.2 Nu iu kin lm vic yu cu tnh lin tc cung cp in ln nht th cc ch t hoc la
chn thit b bo v ngn mch bn trong t in, khi c th, cn c chn lc sao cho ch loi b ngn
mch xy ra trong nhnh ng in ra bt k nh thit b ng ct lp trong nhnh c s c m khng
nh hng n cc nhnh ng in ra khc, do m bo tnh chn lc ca h thng bo v.
7.5.5 Mch in bn trong t in
7.5.5.1 Mch chnh
7.5.5.1.1 Cc thanh ci ( trn hoc cch in) phi c b tr theo cch sao cho khng xy ra ngn
mch bn trong khi t hot ng trong cc iu kin lm vic bnh thng. Nu khng c qui nh khc,
chng phi c thng s ph hp vi thng tin lin quan n bn chu ngn mch (xem 7.5.2) v c
thit k chu c ti thiu l cc ng sut ngn mch c hn ch bi (cc) thit b bo v trn
pha ngun ca thanh ci.
7.5.5.1.2 Trong phm vi mt ngn, cc dy dn (k c thanh ci phn phi) gia cc thanh ci chnh v
pha ngun ca khi chc nng cng nh cc linh kin c trong cc khi ny, c th c thng s trn c
s cc ng sut ngn mch suy gim xy ra trn pha ti ca thit b bo v ngn mch tng ng bn
trong mi khi, vi iu kin l cc dy dn ny c b tr sao cho trong cc iu kin lm vic bnh
thng, ngn mch bn trong gia cc pha v/hoc gia pha v t t c kh nng xy ra (xem 7.5.5.3).
Cc dy dn ny u tin l dy cng, mt si.
7.5.5.2 Mch ph
Thit k mch ph phi tnh n h thng ni t ngun v m bo rng s c chm t hoc s c
gia b phn mang in v b phn dn h khng c gy ra tc ng nguy him khng ch .
Ni chung, mch ph phi c bo v chng nh hng ngn mch, Tuy nhin, thit b bo v ngn
mch khng c cung cp nu tc ng ca n c th gy ra nguy him. Trong trng hp ny, dy
dn ca mch ph phi c b tr sao cho khng xy ra ngn mch trong iu kin lm vic bnh
thng (xem 7.5.5.3).
7.5.5.3 Chn v lp t cc dy dn hot ng khng c bo v gim kh nng ngn mch
Cc dy dn hot ng trong t in khng c bo v bi thit b bo v ngn mch (xem 7.5.5.1.2 v
7.5.5.2) phi c chn v lp t trong ton b t in sao cho trong cc iu kin lm vic bnh
thng, ngn mch bn trong gia cc pha hoc gia pha vi t t c kh nng xy ra. V d v cc loi
dy dn v yu cu v lp t c cho trong Bng 5.
Bng 5 Chn dy dn v yu cu lp t
Loi dy dn Yu cu
Dy dn trn hoc dy dn mt li c cch in Phi trnh tip xc vi nhau hoc tip xc vi b
chnh, v d, cp theo TCVN 6610-3 (IEC 60227-3) phn dn, v d, bng cch s dng chi tit ngn
cch.
Dy dn mt li c cch in chnh v nhit lm Cho php c tip xc vi nhau hoc tip xc vi b
vic cho php ln nht ca dy dn t nht l 90 phn dn trong trng hp khng t lc t bn
C, v d, cp theo IEC 60245-3 hoc cp cch ngoi. Phi trnh tip xc vi cc cnh sc. Khng
in PVC chu nhit theo TCVN 6610-3 (IEC c c nguy c b hng v c.
60227-3)
Cc dy dn ny ch c th mang ti sao cho nhit
lm vic khng vt qu 80 % nhit lm vic
cho php ln nht ca dy dn.
Dy dn c cch in chnh, v d, cp theo TCVN
6610-3 (IEC 60227-3), c b sung lp cch in
th hai, v d, thm mt ng bc n hi cho cp
hoc chy cp ring trong ng nha.
Dy dn c cch in bng vt liu c bn
c rt cao, v d nh cch in etylen tetrafluoro Khng yu cu b sung nu khng c nguy c b
etylen (ETFE), hoc dy dn c cch in kp c hng v c
v bc tng cng bn ngoi s dng n 3 kV,
v d, cp theo TCVN 5935 (IEC 60502)
Cp mt li hoc nhiu li c v bc, v d cp
theo IEC 60245-4 hoc TCVN 6610-4 (IEC 60227-
4)
CH THCH: Dy dn trn hoc c cch in c lp t nh bng trn y v c thit b bo v
ngn mch ni pha ti c th di 3 m.
7.6 Thit b ng ct v linh kin lp trong t in
7.6.1 Chn thit b ng ct v linh kin
Thit b ng ct v linh kin lp trong t in phi ph hp vi cc yu cu IEC lin quan.
Thit b ng ct v linh kin phi thch hp vi ng dng c th lin quan n thit k bn ngoi ca t
in (v d, kiu h hoc kiu kn), in p danh nh ca chng (in p cch in danh nh, in p
chu xung danh nh,vv), dng in danh nh, tn s danh nh, tui th vn hnh, kh nng ng v
ct, bn chu ngn mch, v.v
Thit b ng ct v linh kin c bn chu ngn mch v/hoc kh nng ct khng chu cc ng
sut c kh nng xy ra ti v tr lp t th phi c bo v bng cc thit b bo v hn ch dng in,
v d cu chy hoc ptmt. Khi chn thit b bo v hn ch dng in cho thit b ng ct lp trong,
phi tnh n gi tr cho php ln nht do nh ch to thit b qui nh, c xt n s phi hp (xem
7.5.4).
Phi hp thit b ng ct v cc linh kin, v d, phi hp ca b khi ng ng c vi thit b bo v
ngn mch, phi ph hp vi tiu chun IEC lin quan.
Thit b ng ct v linh kin trong mch in m trong in p chu xung danh nh c nh ch to
cng b th chng khng c to ra qu in p ng ct cao hn in p chu xung danh nh ca
mch in v khng phi chu qu in p ng ct cao hn in p chu xung danh nh ca mch in.
Khi chn thit b ng ct v linh kin dng trong mch in cho trc cn tnh n yu t khng phi
chu qu in p ng ct cao hn in p chu xung danh nh ca mch in.
V d:
Thit b ng ct v linh kin c in p xung danh nh U imp = 4 000 V, in p cch ly danh nh U i =
250 V v qu in p ng ct ln nht bng 1 200 V ( in p lm vic danh nh bng 230 V) c th
c s dng vo mch in c cp qu in p I, II, III hoc thm ch l IV trong trng hp s dng
phng tin bo v qu in p thch hp.
CH THCH: Vi cp qu in p, xem 2.9.12 v Ph lc G.
7.6.2 Lp t
Thit b ng ct v linh kin phi c lp t theo hng dn ca nh ch to chng (v tr s dng,
khe h khng kh cn tun th i vi h quang in hoc tho ngn dp h quang, v.v).
7.6.2.1 Kh nng tip cn
Thit b, cc khi chc nng lp t trn cng mt gi (tm hoc khung lp t) v u ni dng cho
dy dn bn ngoi phi c b tr sao cho c th tip cn lp t, i dy, bo tr v thay th. c bit
l cc u ni nn c v tr cao hn t nht l 0,2 m so vi chn ca t in loi lp t trn sn v
ngoi ra, c nh v sao cho c th d dng ni vi cp.
Phi d dng tip cn cc thit b iu chnh v t li m phi c thao tc bn trong t in.
Ni chung, i vi t in kiu lp t trn sn, thit b ch th ngi vn hnh c th khng nn t
cao hn 2 m so vi chn ca t in. C cu thao tc, v d nh tay cm, nt n, v.v cn c t
ti cao d dng thao tc; iu ny c ngha l ng tm ca chng khng cch chn ca t
in qu 2 m.
CH THCH 1: Tay thao tc dng cho thit b ng ct khn cp (xem IEC 60364-5-537, iu 537.4) cn
tip cn c trong phm vi t 0,8 n 1,6 m trn mc thao tc.
CH THCH 2: Khuyn co rng t in lp trn tng hoc lp t trn sn cn c lp t cao
lin quan n mc thao tc sao cho p ng c cc yu cu trn v kh nng tip cn v cao
thao tc.
7.6.2.2 nh hng ln nhau
Thit b ng ct v linh kin phi c lp t v i dy trong t in theo cch khng gy nh hng
xu n hot ng ng ca chng do nh hng ln nhau, v d do nhit, h quang, rung, trng nng
lng xut hin trong lm vic bnh thng. Trong trng hp t in c mch in t, c th cn phn
cch hoc bc mn chn cho mch in dng theo di khi nh hng t mch ng lc.
Trong trng hp v t c thit k cha cu chy, phi quan tm c bit v hiu ng nhit (xem
7.3). Nh ch to phi qui nh loi v thng s ca dy chy cn s dng.
7.6.2.3 Tm chn
Tm chn dng cho thit b ng ct bng tay phi c thit k sao cho h quang ng ct khng gy
nguy him cho ngi thao tc.
gim thiu nguy him khi thay dy chy, phi t tm chn gia cc pha, tr khi thit k v v tr t
cu chy l khng cn tm chn ny.
7.6.2.4 iu kin ti v tr lp t
Thit b ng ct v linh kin dng cho t in c chn trn c s iu kin vn hnh bnh thng ca
t in qui nh trong 6.1 (xem thm 7.6.2.2).
Khi cn, phi c cc phng nga thch hp (gia nhit, thng gi) m bo duy tr c cc iu kin
vn hnh thit yu hot ng ng, v d, nhit ti thiu tc ng ng ca rle, ng h o linh
kin in t, v.v theo yu cu k thut lin quan.
7.6.2.5 Lm mt
i vi t in, c th c c lm mt t nhin v cng bc. Nu yu cu c cc bin php phng nga
c bit ti v tr lp t m bo lm mt ng th nh ch to phi cung cp cc thng tin cn thit
(v d, ch ra s cn thit c khe h khng kh lin quan n cc b phn kh tn nhit hoc t sinh
nhit.
7.6.3 B phn c nh
Trong trng hp c cc b phn c nh (xem 2.2.5), ch c th u ni hoc ngt mch in chnh
(xem 2.1.2) khi t in khng hot ng. Ni chung, vic tho v lp cc b phn c nh i hi phi s
dng dng c.
Vic ngt in ca b phn c nh c th yu cu ngt in ton b hoc mt phn ca t in.
ngn nga thao tc khng c php, thit b ng ct cn c cc phng tin gi mt hoc
nhiu v tr ca n.
CH THCH: Trong cc iu kin nht nh, nu cho php lm vic trn mch ang c in th phi lu
cc bin php phng nga v an ton.
7.6.4 B phn tho ra c v b phn ko ra c
7.6.4.1 Thit k
B phn tho ra c v b phn ko ra c phi c thit k sao cho cc thit b in lp trong chng
c cch ly hoc ni an ton vi mch chnh trong khi mch chnh ang mang in. Cc b phn tho
ra c hoc ko ra c c th c th c kha lin ng (xem 2.4.17). Khe h khng kh v chiu di
ng r nh nht (xe 7.1.2.1) phi ph hp vi cc v tr khc nhau cng nh trong qu trnh chuyn t
v tr ny sang v tr khc.
CH THCH: C th cn m bo rng cc thao tc ny khng c thc hin khi c ti.
B phn no tho ra c phi c v tr u ni (xem 2.2.8) v v tr nhc ra (xem 2.2.11).
B phn ko ra c phi c thm v tr cch ly (xem 2.2.10) v c th c v tr th nghim (xem 2.2.9)
hoc tnh trng th nghim (xem 2.1.9). Chng phi c nh v r rng v cc v tr ny. Cc v tr ny
phi d dng nhn thy.
Cc iu kin v in i vi cc v tr khc nhau ca b phn ko ra c, xem Bng 6.
7.6.4.2 Kho lin ng v kho mc cc b phn ko ra c
Nu khng c qui nh khc, b phn ko ra c phi c lp vi thit b m bo rng thit b ch c
th c ko ra v/hoc gi li sau khi ngt mch chnh ca n.
ngn nga thao tc khng c php, b phn ko ra c c th c cung cp phng tin
kho mc hoc kho gi cht mt hoc nhiu v tr ca chng (xem 7.1.1).
7.6.4.3 Cp bo v bng v ngoi
Cp bo v (xem 7.2.1) ch ra i vi t in thng p dng cho v tr u ni (xem 2.2.8) ca b
phn tho ra c v/hoc b phn ko ra c. Nh ch to phi ch ra cp bo v t c cc v
tr khc v trong qu trnh chuyn i gia cc v tr.
T in c b phn tho ra c c th c thit k sao cho cp bo v bng v ngoi p dng cho v
tr ni cng c duy tr trong th nghim v trong v tr cch ly v c trong khi chuyn t v tr ny
sang v tr khc.
Nu, sau khi tho b phn tho ra c v/hoc ko ra c, cp bo v ban u khng c duy tr th
phi c tho thun thc hin bin php no m bo bo v. Thng tin cho trong catalo ca nh
ch to c th thay cho tho thun ny.
7.6.4.4 Phng thc u ni mch ph
Mch ph c th c thit k sao cho c th tho ra c hoc khng s dng dng c.
Trong trng hp cc b phn ko ra c, phi u tin u ni mch ph m khng s dng dng c.
7.6.5 Nhn dng
7.6.5.1 Nhn dng dy dn mch chnh v mch ph
Ngoi cc trng hp cp trong 7.6.5.2, phng php v phm vi nhn dng dy dn, v d bng
cch b tr, mu hoc k hiu trn cc u ni m chng c ni hoc trn (cc) u ca bn th n dy
dn, l trch nhim ca nh ch to v phi ph hp vi cc k hiu trn s i dy v bn v. Trong
trng hp thch hp, phi p dng cch nhn dng theo IEC 60445 v IEC 60446.
Mch in Phng php V tr
u ni
V tr ni Tnh trng / v V tr cch ly V tr tho ra
(xem 2.2.8) tr th nghim (xem 2.2.10) (xem 2.2.11)
(xem 2.1.9 /
2.2.9)
Mch chnh ng in vo
ng in vo c u ni
dng phch cm
v cm hoc
cc phng tin
u ni khc.
Mch chnh ng in ra
ng in ra c u ni
dng phch cm
v cm hoc
cc phng tin
u ni khc.
Mch ph Phch cm v
cm hoc cc
phng tin
u ni khc
Tnh trng ca mch in trong b C in C in Khng hot
phn ko ra c ng nu khng
Mch ph sn
c cp in
sng th
ngc
nghim
Tnh trng ca u ni ca mch C in C in hoc Khng hot Khng hot
chnh t in ly in ra ngt in2) ng nu khng ng nu khng
c cp in c cp in
ngc ngc
Phi ph hp vi cc yu cu ca 7.4.4
Ni t lin tc phi ph hp vi im b) ca 7.4.3.1.5 v duy tr cho n khi thit lp khong cch ly.
1)
Ph thuc vo thit k
2)
Ph thuc vo cc u ni c cp in t ngun thay th v d nh ngun d phng.

7.6.5.2 Nhn bit dy bo v (PE, PEN) v dy trung tnh (N) ca mch chnh
Dy bo v phi c phn bit r rng bng hnh dng, v tr, ghi nhn hoc mu sc. Nu s dng
nhn dng bng mu sc th phi l mu xanh l cy v mu vng (hai mu xen k). Khi dy bo v l
cp mt li c cch in, phi s dng mu nhn dng ny, u tin trn ton b chiu di dy.
CH THCH: Mu nhn dng xanh l cy / vng c dnh ring cho dy bo v.
Bt k dy trung tnh no ca mch chnh cng cn c phn bit r rng bng hnh dng, v tr, ghi
nhn hoc mu sc. Nu s dng nhn dng bng mu sc th nn chn mu xanh da tri nht.
u ni dng cho dy bo v bn ngoi phi c ghi nhn theo IEC 60445. K hiu bng hnh s
5019 ca IEC 60417 lm v d. K hiu ny khng yu cu khi dy bo v bn ngoi c thit k ni
vi dy bo v bn trong c nhn bit r rng bng mu xanh l cy / vng.
7.6.5.3 Hng thao tc v ch th v tr lm vic
V tr lm vic ca phn t v thit b phi c nhn bit r rng. Nu hng thao tc khng theo IEC
60447 th phi nhn bit c hng ny mt cch r rng.
7.6.5.4 n bo v nt n
Mu ca n bo v nt n c nu trong IEC 60073.
7.7 Phn cch bn trong t in bng tm chn hoc vch ngn
Mt hoc nhiu iu kin di y c th t c bng cch phn chia t in bng vch ngn hoc
tm chn (kim loi hoc phi kim loi) thnh cc ngn ring hoc khng gian bc kn c bo v:
- bo v chng tip xc vi cc b phn nguy him thuc cc khi chc nng lin k. Cp bo v phi t
nht l IPXXB;
- bo v chng cc vt th rn xm nhp t bn ngoi t mt khi ca t in n khi lin k. Cp bo
v phi t nht l IP2X.
CH THCH: cp bo v IP2X bao trm cp bo v IPXXB.
Di y l cc dng phn cch in hnh bng tm chn hoc vch ngn (v d, xem Ph lc D).
Bng 6A Dng phn cch bn trong
Tiu ch chnh Tiu ch ph Dng
Khng c phn cch bn trong Dng 1
Phn cch thanh ci vi cc khi u ni dng cho dy dn bn Dng 2a
chc nng. ngoi khng c phn cch vi
thanh ci
 u ni dng cho dy dn bn Dng 2b
ngoi phn cch vi thanh ci
Phn cch thanh ci vi cc khi u ni dng cho dy dn bn Dng 3a
chc nng v phn cch tt c cc ngoi khng phn cch vi thanh
khi chc nng vi nhau. Phn ci
cch cc u ni dng cho dy dn
u ni dng cho dy dn bn Dng 3b
bn ngoi vi cc khi chc nng
ngoi phn cch vi thanh ci
nhng khng phn cch vi cc
u ni ca cc khi chc nng
cn li.
Phn cch thanh ci vi cc khi u ni dng cho dy dn bn Dng 4a
chc nng v phn cch tt c cc ngoi cng ngn vi khi chc
khi chc nng vi nhau. Phn nng kt hp.
cch cc u ni dng cho dy dn
u ni dng cho dy dn bn Dng 4b
bn ngoi kt hp vi khi chc
ngoi khng cng ngn vi khi
nng vi cc u ni ca cc khi
chc nng kt hp m khng
chc nng cn li v thanh ci
gian hoc ngn ring, c phn
cch, bc kn v bo v.
Dng phn cch v cc cp bo v cao hn phi c tho thun gia nh ch to v ngi s dng.
Xem 7.4.2.2.2 lin quan n n nh v bn ca tm chn v vch ngn.
Xem 7.4.6.2 lin quan n kh nng tip cn bo tr khi chc nng c cch ly.
Xem 7.4.6.3 lin quan n kh nng tip cn m rng khi c in p.
7.8 Mch ni in bn trong t in: thanh ci v dy bc cch in
7.8.1 Yu cu chung
Mi ni ca b phn mang dng khng c b thay i qu mc do tng nhit bnh thng, lo ha
cc vt liu cch in v rung xy ra trong lm vic bnh thng. Ni chung, phi tnh n cc nh
hng ca gin n nhit v tc ng in ha trong trng hp cc kim loi khc nhau v nh hng
ca bn ca vt liu n nhit t c.
Mi ni gia cc b phn mang dng phi c thit lp bng phng tin m bo p lc tip xc
v bn.
7.8.2 Kch thc v thng s ca thanh ci v dy cch in
Vic chn mt ct ca dy dn bn trong t in l trch nhim ca nh ch to. Ngoi dng in m dy
dn phi mang, vic chn ny cn b chi phi bi cc ng sut c m t in phi chu, t , cc dy
dn ny c sp xp theo loi cch in v, nu thuc i tng p dng, theo loi phn t c ni
(v d, linh kin in t).
7.8.3 i dy (xem thm 7.8.2)
7.8.3.1 Dy dn c cch in phi c cc gi tr danh nh t nht l in p cch in danh nh (xem
4.1.2) ca mch in lin quan.
7.8.3.2 Cp gia hai thit b dng ni khng c c mi ni bn xon hoc im ni hn.
7.8.3.3 Dy dn c cch in khng c ln cc b phn mang in h cc cc in th khc nhau
hoc g sc m phi c thch hp.
7.8.3.4 Dy ngun n thit b v dng c o ti np hoc ca phi c lp t sao cho khng xy ra
hng v c i vi dy dn do chuyn ng ca cc np hoc ca.
7.8.3.5 Ch cho php c mi hn n thit b trong t in trong trng hp c qui nh cho loi u ni
ny trn thit b.
Trong trng hp thit b phi chu rung nng n trong qu trnh lm vic bnh thng th cp hn hoc
mi ni dy phi c lm chc v c bng phng tin b sung khong cch ngn so vi im hn.
7.8.3.6 Ti v tr c rung nng n trong qu trnh lm vic bnh thng, v d, trong trng hp hot ng
ca my no vt v cn trc, hot ng trn boong tu, thit b nng v xe la, cn ch dy dn.
Vi cc thit b khng c cp trong 7.8.3.5, mu cp hn hoc u hn ca dy bn khng c
chp nhn trong iu kin c rung nng n.
7.8.3.7 Ni chung, ch nn ni mt dy dn vo u ni; vic ni hai hoc nhiu dy dn vo mt u ni
ch c php trong cc trng hp cc u ni c thit k cho mc ch ny.
7.9 Yu cu i vi mch cung cp loi thit b in t
Nu khng c qui nh khc trong yu cu k thut ca IEC lin quan i vi thit b in t, p dng cc
yu cu di y.
7.9.1 Bin thin in p u vo*
1) Di in p cung cp cho ngun acqui bng in p cung cp danh nh 15 %.
CH THCH: Di ny khng gm c di in p b sung yu cu np acqui.
2) Di in p vo mt chiu l di t c nh chnh lu in p cung cp xoay chiu (xem im 3).
3) Di in p cung cp i vi ngun xoay chiu bng vi in p vo danh nh 10 %.
4) Nu cn c dung sai rng hn th phi c tha thun gia nh ch to v ngi mua.
7.9.2 Qu in p*
Qu in p ngun cung cp c qui nh trn Hnh 1. Hnh ny p dng cho qu in p khng chu k
khi lch khi gi tr nh danh nh trong di ngn hn. T in phi c thit k sao cho m bo kh
nng vn hnh ca chng trong trng hp qu p thp hn gi tr th hin bng ng cong 1.
Nu qu in p xy ra trong di gia ng cong 1 v 2 th vic hot ng c th b gin on do tc
ng ca thit b bo v t in, t in khng c hng gi tr nh ca in p bng 2U 1 + 1 000 V.
CH THCH 1: Thi gian qu nh hn 1 ms ang c xem xt.
CH THCH 2: Qu in p cao hn gi tr nu trn c gi thit l b hn ch bi cc bin php thch
hp.

U1 = gi tr nh hnh sin ca in p cch in danh nh

*
Ph hp vi IEC 60146-2
*
Theo IEC 60146-2
u = in p nh khng chu k xp chng
t = thi gian

Hnh 1 T s U i u lm hm ca thi gian

Ui
7.9.3 Dng sng*
Hi ca in p xoay chiu u vo cung cp cho t in c lp thit b in t c hn ch theo cc
gii hn di y.
1) Thnh phn hi tng i khng c vt qu 10 %, tc l thnh phn c bn tng i cao hn
hoc bng 99,5 %.
2) Thnh phn hi khng c vt qu gi tr cho trong Hnh 2.
CH THCH 1: Khi lp rp ph c gi thit l c ngt in v tr khng trong ca ngun cung cp
cn c qui nh theo tha thun gia nh ch to v ngi s dng, nu tr khng ny l mt gi tr
ng k.
CH THCH 2: Gi tr tng t c ch ra cho b iu khin v theo di bng in t.
3) Gi tr tm thi cao nht theo chu k ca in p ngun xoay chiu khng c ln hn 20 % gi tr
nh ca thnh phn c bn.

n = bc ca thnh phn hi
Un = gi tr hiu dng ca hi bc n
UN = gi tr hiu dng ca in p danh ngha ca h thng
Hnh 2 Thnh phn hi cho php ln nht ca in p danh ngha ca h thng
7.9.4 Bin thin tm thi in p v tn s
Thit b phi lm vic m khng c hng hc khi c bin thin tm thi trong cc iu kin di y.
a) St in p khng qu 15 % in p danh nh trong thi gian khng qu 0,5 s.

*
Theo IEC 60146-2
b) Sai lch tn s ngun n 1 % tn s danh nh. Nu cn c dung sai rng hn th phi c tha
thun gia nh ch to v ngi s dng.
c) Thi gian gin on ln nht chp nhn c ca in p ngun dc thit b phi do nh ch to ch ra.
7.10 Tng thch in t (EMC)
7.10.1 Yu cu chung
i vi phn ln cc ng dng ca t in thuc phm vi p dng ca tiu chun ny, cn xem xt hai
tp hp iu kin mi trng sau:
a) Mi trng A;
b) Mi trng B.
Mi trng A: lin quan n mng li / v tr / h thng lp t phi cng cng hoc mng li cng
nghip in p thp c cha ngun nhiu cao.
CH THCH 1: Mi trng A ng vi thit b cp A trong TCVN 6988 (CISPR 11) v IEC 61000-6-4.
CH THCH 2: V tr cng nghip c c trng bi mt hoc nhiu iu kin di y:
- thit b cng nghip, khoa hc v y t, my mc vn hnh hin hnh;
- thng xuyn ng ct ti nng n v in cm hoc in dung;
- dng in v trng t kt hp mc cao.
Mi trng B: lin quan n mng cng cng in p thp nh v tr/h thng lp t gia dng, thng
mi v cng nghip nh. Ngun nhiu cao nh my hn h quang khng c cp trong mi trng
ny.
CH THCH 3: Mi trng B ng vi thit b cp B trong TCVN 6988 (CISRP 11) v IEC 61000-6-3.
CH THCH 4: Danh mc di y, mc d khng ton din, nn cc v tr nm trong:
- c tnh dn c, v d nh , cn h;
- a im bn l, v d ca hiu, siu th;
- c s kinh doanh, v d vn phng, ngn hng;
- khu vc vui chi cng cng, v d rp chiu phim, qun bar, hi trng khiu v;
- v tr ngoi tri, v d trm xng, bi xe, trung tm th thao;
- v tr cng nghip nh, v d phn xng, phng th nghim, trung tm bo tr.
iu kin mi trng A v/hoc B thch hp cho t in phi c nh ch to t in ch ra.
7.10.2 Yu cu th nghim
T in trong hu ht cc trng hp, c ch to hoc lp rp n chic, c t hp hu nh ngu
nhin cc thit b v linh kin.
Khng yu cu th nghim min nhim hoc pht x EMC trn t in hon chnh nu tha mn cc iu
kin di y:
a) Thit b v linh kin kt hp ph hp vi cc yu cu i vi EMC trong mi trng qui nh (xem
7.10.1) nh yu cu ca tiu chun sn phm hoc tiu chun chng loi EMC lin quan.
b) Vic lp t v i dy bn trong c thc hin theo hng dn ca nh ch to thit b v linh kin
(b tr lin quan n nh hng ln nhau, cp, bc mn chn, ni t, v.v)
Trong tt c cc trng hp cn li, yu cu EMC phi c kim tra bng cc th nghim cp trong
H.8.2.8.
7.10.3 Min nhim
7.10.3.1 T in khng lp mch in t
Trong cc iu kin vn hnh bnh thng, t in khng lp mch in t khng nhy vi nhiu in t
v v vy, khng yu cu th nghim min nhim.
7.10.3.2 T in c lp mch in t
Thit b in t lp trong t in phi ph hp vi cc yu cu min nhim ca tiu chun sn phm
hoc tiu chun chng loi EMC lin quan v phi ph hp i vi mi trng EMC do nh ch to t
in ch ra.
Trong tt c cc trng hp cn li, yu cu v EMC phi c kim tra bng cc th nghim cp
trong H.8.2.8.
CH THCH: Thit b s dng cc mch in t trong tt c cc linh kin u th ng (v d, it,
in tr, in tr phi tuyn, t in, b chng st, cun cm) khng yu cu phi th nghim.
Nu nh ch to thit b v/hoc linh kin phi qui nh tiu ch tnh nng c th ca sn phm ca h
da trn tiu ch chp nhn cho trong tiu chun sn phm lin quan.
7.10.4 Pht x
7.10.4.1 T in khng lp mch in t
i vi t in khng lp mch in t, nhiu in t ch c th sinh ra do thit b trong qu trnh thao tc
ng ct khng thng xuyn. Khong thi gian ca nhiu vo khong vi mili giy. Tn s, mc v hu
qu ca cc pht x ny c xem l mt phn ca mi trng in t bnh thng ca h thng lp t
h p. V vy, cc yu cu v pht x in t c xem l tha mn v khng cn kim tra.
7.10.4.2 T in c lp mch in t
Thit b in t lp trong t in phi ph hp vi cc yu cu pht x ca tiu chun sn phm hoc
tiu chun chng loi EMC lin quan v phi thch hp vi mi trng EMC c th do nh ch to t
in ch ra.
7.10.4.2.1 Tn s ln hn hoc bng 9 kHz
T in c lp mch in t (v d, ch ng ct ngun cung cp, mch in c lp b vi x l c
xung nhp cao tn), c th to ra nhiu in t lin tc.
Cc pht x ny khng c vt qu gii hn qui nh trong tiu chun sn phm lin quan hoc phi
da vo Bng H.1 i vi mi trng A v Bng H.2 i vi mi trng B. Ch yu cu cc th nghim
ny khi mch chnh v/hoc mch ph c cha cc linh kin cha c th nghim theo tiu chun sn
phm lin quan v c tn s ng ct c bn ln hn hoc bng 9 kHz.
Th nghim phi c tin hnh nh m t chi tit trong tiu chun sn phm lin quan, nu c, nu
khng th theo H.8.2.8.
7.10.4.2.2 Tn s thp hn 9 kHz
T in c lp mch in t to ra hi tn s thp trn ngun li phi ph hp vi cc yu cu ca IEC
61000-3-2 trong trng hp thuc i tng p dng.
7.11 M t cc loi mch ni in ca cc khi chc nng
Cc loi mch ni in ca khi chc nng trong t in hoc cc phn ca t in c th biu th bng
m ba ch ci:
- ch ci th nht ch ra loi mch ni in ca mch chnh ng in vo;
- ch ci th hai ch ra loi mch ni in ca mch chnh ng in ra;
- ch ci th nht ch ra loi mch ni in ca mch ph.
Phi s dng cc ch ci di y:
- F i vi mch ni c nh (xem 2.2.12.1);
- D i vi mi ni tho ra c (xem 2.2.12.2);
- W i vi mch ni ko ra c (xem 2.2.12.3).
8. Yu cu k thut ca th nghim
8.1 Phn loi cc th nghim
Th nghim kim tra c tnh ca t in gm c:
- th nghim in hnh (xem 8.1.1 b 8.2)
- th nghim thng xuyn (xem 8.1.2 v 8.3).
Nh ch to phi qui nh cc c s kim tra, khi c yu cu.
CH THCH: kim tra v th nghim thc hin trn TTA v PTTA c lit k trong Bng 7.
8.1.1 Th nghim in hnh (xem 8.2)
Th nghim in hnh kim tra s ph hp vi cc yu cu nu trong tiu chun ny i vi loi t
in cho trc.
Cc th nghim in hnh c tin hnh trn mt mu ca t in hoc trn cc b phn ca t in
c ch to vi thit k tng t hoc ging nhau.
Th nghim phi do nh ch to ch ng tin hnh.
Th nghim in hnh gm c:
a) kim tra gii hn tng nhit (8.2.1);
b) kim tra c tnh in mi (8.2.2);
c) kim tra bn chu ngn mch (8.2.3);
d) kim tra hiu qu ca mch bo v (8.2.4);
e) kim tra khe h khng kh v chiu di ng r (8.2.5);
f) kim tra tc ng v c (8.2.6);
g) kim tra cp bo v bng v ngoi (8.2.7);
h) th nghim EMC (xem 7.10 v, nu thuc i tng p dng, Ph lc H)
Cc th nghim ny c th tin hnh trn mu yu cu v/hoc trn cc mu khc cng kiu.
Nu c thay i trn cc linh kin ca t in th ch phi thc hin cc th nghim in hnh mi trn
nhng thay i c kh nng gy nh hng bt li n kt qu ca cc th nghim ny.
8.1.2 Th nghim thng xuyn (xem 8.3)
Th nghim thng xuyn pht hin cc li v phng din vt liu v gia cng. Cc th nghim ny
c tin hnh trn tng t in cn mi sau khi lp rp hoc trn tng khi vn chuyn. Khng yu
cu th nghim thng xuyn khc ti ni lp t.
T in c lp rp t cc linh kin tiu chun ha bn ngoi phn xng ca nh ch to cc linh kin
ny, s dng cc b phn hoc ph kin do nh ch to qui nh hoc cung cp ring cho mc ch ny,
phi c th nghim thng xuyn ti xng lp rp t in.
Th nghim thng xuyn gm c:
a) kim tra t in k c kim tra i dy v nu cn, th nghim vn hnh v in (8.3.1);
b) th nghim in mi (8.3.2);
c) kim tra bin php bo v v tnh lin tc v in ca mch bo v (8.3.3).
Cc th nghim ny c th tin hnh theo th t bt k.
CH THCH: Thc hin th nghim thng xuyn ti xng ca nh ch to khng lin quan n ch
kim tra lp t sau khi vn chuyn v lp t.
8.1.3 Th nghim thit b v linh kin c lp lp trong t in
Th nghim in hnh hoc th nghim thng xuyn cn thc hin trn thit b v linh kin c lp lp
trong t in khi chng c chn theo 7.6.1 v lp theo hng dn ca nh ch to.
8.2 Th nghim in hnh
8.2.1 Kim tra gii hn tng nhit
8.2.1.1 Yu cu chung
Th nghim tng nhit c thit k kim tra chng t rng cc gii hn tng nhit qui nh
trong 7.3 i vi cc b phn khc nhau ca t in khng b vt qu.
Th nghim c tin hnh bnh thng ti gi tr dng in danh nh theo 8.2.1.3 vi thit b ca t
in lp t.
Th nghim c th c thc hin vi s h tr ca in tr gia nhit c tn hao cng sut tng
ng theo 8.2.1.4.
Cho php th nghim cc b phn ring r (bng, hp, v t, v.v) ca t in (xem 8.2.1.2) vi iu
kin l thc hin cc bin php phng nga ng th nghim l i din.
Th nghim tng nhit trn (cc) mch chnh cao hn 800 A thc hin tn s 50 Hz l c hiu lc
nu dng in danh nh ti 60 Hz gim xung cn 95 %. i vi dng in danh nh n 800 A, th
nghim c tin hnh 50 Hz thng p dng c cho 60 Hz.
Th nghim tng nhit trn cc mch in ring r phi c thc hin vi kiu dng in m chng
c thit k, v tn s d kin. in p th nghim c s dng phi sao cho dng in bng vi
dng in xc nh theo 8.2.1.3 chy qua mch in. Cun dy ca rle, cngtct, c cu nh, v.v
phi c cp n in p danh nh.
T in kiu h khng phi chu th nghim tng nhit nu, t th nghim in hnh trn cc b phn
ring r, hoc t kch c ca dy dn v t b tr ca thit b, hin nhin thy rng tng nhit khng b
vt qu v khng c hng hc gy ra cho thit b ni vi t in v cc b phn lin k bng vt liu
cch in.
Bng 7 - Danh mc kim tra v th nghim cn thc hin trn TTA v PTTA
S c tnh cn Biu TTA PTTA
kim tra
1 Gii hn tng 8.2.1 Kim tra gii hn tng Kim tra gii hn tng nhit
nhit nhit bng th nghim (th bng th nghim hoc ngoi
nghim in hnh) suy.
2 c tnh in 8.2.2 Kim tra c tnh in mi Kim tra c tnh in mi bng
mi bng th nghim (th th nghim theo 8.2.2 hoc
nghim in hnh) 8.3.2 hoc kim tra in tr
cch in theo 8.3.4 (xem s 9
v 11)
3 bn chu 8.2.3 Kim tra bn chu Kim tra bn chu ngn
ngn mch ngn ,mch bng th mch bng th nghim hoc
nghim (th nghim in ngoi suy t b tr th nghim
hnh) in hnh tng t.
4 Hiu lc ca 8.2.4 Kim tra hiu lc mi ni Kim tra hiu lc mi ni gia
mch bo v. gia b phn dn h b phn dn h ca t in
ca t in v mch bo v mch bo v.
Hiu lc mi ni
8.2.4.1 v.
gia b phn Kim tra bn chu ngn
 dn h ca Kim tra bn chu ngn mch ca mch bo v bng
t in v mch mch ca mch bo v th nghim hoc thit k v b
bo v. bng th nghim (th tr thch hp ca dy bo v
nghim in hnh) (xem 7.4.3.1.1, on cui cng)
bn chu
ngn mch ca 8.2.4.2
mch bo v.
5 Khe h khng 8.2.5 Kim tra khe h khng kh Kim tra khe h khng kh v
kh v chiu di v chiu di ng r (th chiu di ng r
ng r nghim in hnh)
6 Thao tc v c 8.2.6 Kim tra thao tc v c Kim tra cc thao tc v c
(th nghim in hnh)
7 Cp bo v 8.2.7 Kim tra cp bo v (th Kim tra cp bo v
nghim in hnh)
8 i dy, thao tc 8.3.1 Xem xt t in k c xem Xem xt t in k c xem xt
v in xt i dy v, nu cn, th i dy v, nu cn, th nghim
nghim thao tc v in thao tc v in.
(th nghim thng xuyn)
9 Cch in 8.3.2 Th nghim in mi (th Th nghim in mi hoc
nghim thng xuyn) kim tra in tr cch in theo
8.3.4 (xem s 2 v 11)
10 Bin php bo 8.3.3 Kim tra bin php bo v Kim tra bin php bo v
v v tnh lin tc ca mch
bo v (th nghim thng
xuyn)
11 in tr cch 8.3.4 Kim tra in tr cch in tr
in khi thc hin th nghim theo
8.2.2 hoc 8.3.2 (xem s 2 v
9)
Kim tra gii hn tng nhit i vi PTTA phi c thc hin
- bng th nghim theo 8.2.1, hoc
- bng ngoi suy, v d, theo IEC 60890.
8.2.1.2 B tr t in
T in phi c b tr nh trong s dng bnh thng, vi tt c cc tm che, vv ng v tr.
Khi th nghim cc b phn ring r hoc cc khi kt cu, cc b phn lin k hoc cc khi kt cu
phi to ra cc iu kin nhit ging nh trong s dng bnh thng. C th s dng in tr gia
nhit.
8.2.1.3 Th nghim tng nhit s dng dng in trn tt c cc thit b
Th nghim phi c thc hin trn mt hoc nhiu phi hp i din ca mch in m t in c
thit k, cc phi hp ny c chn sao cho t c chnh xc hp l v tng nhit cao nht c
th.
Vi th nghim ny, mch ng in vo c mang ti dng in danh nh ca n (xem 4.2) v
tng mch ng in ra c mang ti vi dng in danh nh ca n nhn vi h s a dng danh
nh (xem 4.7). Nu t in c cu chy th cc cu chy ny phi ph hp vi th nghim c dy chy
theo nh ch to qui nh. Tn hao cng sut ca dy chy cho th nghim phi c ch ra trong h s
th nghim.
Kch c v cch sp xp dy dn bn ngoi s dng cho th nghim phi c ch ra trong h s th
nghim.
Th nghim phi c thc hin vi thi gian tng nhit t n gi tr khng i (thng
khng qu 8h). Trong thc t, iu kin ny t c khi s thay i khng vt qu 1 C/h.
CH THCH 1: rt ngn thi gian th nghim, nu thit b cho php, c th tng dng in trong phn
u ca th nghim, sau dng in ny c gim n dng in danh nh qui nh.
CH THCH 2: Khi nam chm in iu khin c cp in trong qu trnh th nghim, nhit c
o khi t c cn bng nhit c mch chnh v nam chm in iu khin.
CH THCH 3: Trong tt c cc trng hp, vic s dng dng in xoay chiu mt pha th nghim
t in nhiu pha ch c php nu nh hng in t nh b qua. iu ny yu cu xem xt
cn thn, c bit l khi dng in cao hn 400 A.
Khi khng c thng tin chi tit lin quan n dy dn bn ngoi v iu kin vn hnh, phi chn mt ct
ca dy dn th nghim bn ngoi, c xt n dng in danh nh ca tng mch in nh di y:
8.2.1.3.1 i vi gi tr dng in danh nh n v bng 400 A;
a) dy dn phi l cp ng mt li, hoc dy cch in c din tch mt ct nh trong Bng 8;
b) trong chng mc c th, dy dn phi t trong khng kh t do;
c) chiu di ti thiu ca tng dy ni tm thi gia cc u ni phi l:
- 1 m vi mt ct n v bng 35 mm2;
- 2 m i vi mt ct ln hn 35 mm2.
Bng 8 Dy dn ng th nghim vi dng in danh nh n v bng 400 A
Di dng in danh nh 1) Din tch mt ct ca dy dn 2), 3)
A mm2 AWG/MCM
0 8 1,0 18
8 12 1,5 16
12 15 2,5 14
15 20 2,5 12
20 25 4,0 10
25 32 6,0 10
32 50 10 8
50 65 16 6
65 85 25 4
85 100 35 3
100 115 35 2
115 130 50 1
130 150 50 0
150 175 70 00
175 200 95 000
200 225 95 0000
225 250 120 250
 250 275 150 300
275 300 185 350
300 350 185 400
350 400 240 500
1)
Gi tr dng in danh nh phi ln hn gi tr u tin trong ct th nht v nh hn hoc bng gi tr
th hai ca ct .
2)
thun tin cho th nghim v vi s ng ca nh ch to, c th s dng dy nh hn cc dy
dn nu ra cho dng in danh nh qui nh.
3)
C th s dng c hai dy dn qui nh cho di dng in danh nh.
8.2.1.3.1 Vi cc gi tr dng in danh nh cao hn 400 A nhng khng vt qu 800A;
a) Dy dn phi l cp ng mt li, cch in PVC c din tch mt ct nh cho trong Bng 9 hoc
thanh ng tng ng cho trong Bng 9 theo qui nh ca nh ch to.
b) Cp hoc thanh ng phi c t cch nhau vi khong cch xp x khong cch gia cc u ni.
Thanh ng phi c sn en m. Nhiu cp song song trong mt u ni phi c b li vi nhau
v b tr t cch nhau xp x 10 mm. Nhiu thanh ng chp li trong mt u ni phi c t
khong cch xp x bng chiu dy ca thanh. Nu cc kch thc qui nh cho cc thanh khng thch
hp i vi cc u ni hoc khng sn c th cho php s dng cc thanh khc c mt ct gn bng v
cc b mt lm mt gn bng hoc nh hn. Khng c an xen cp hoc thanh ng.
c) i vi cc th nghim mt pha hoc nhiu pha, chiu di nh nht ca mi ni tm thi bt k n
ngun th nghim phi l 2 m. Chiu di nh nht n im chm sao c th gim cn 1,2 m.
8.2.1.3.3 i vi cc gi tr dng in cao hn 800 A nhng khng vt qu 3 150 A;
a) Dy dn phi l thanh ng c kch thc qui nh trong Bng 9 tr khi t in c thit k ch ni
cp. Trong trng hp ny, kch c v b tr cp phi theo qui nh ca nh ch to.
b) Cc thanh ng phi c t cch nhau vi khong cch xp x gia cc u ni. Thanh ng phi
c ph en m. Nhiu thanh ng trong mt u ni phi c t cch nhau xp x bng chiu dy
ca thanh. Nu cc kch thc qui nh cho cc thanh khng thch hp vi cc u ni hoc khng sn
c th cho php s dng cc thanh khc c mt ct gn bng v cc b mt mt gn bng hoc nh hn.
Khng c an xen cc thanh ng.
c) i vi th nghim mt pha hoc nhiu pha, chiu di nh nht ca mi ni tm thi bt k n ngun
th nghim phi l 3 m, nhng c th gim xung cn 2 m vi iu kin l tng nhit u cung cp
ca mi ni khng thp hn tng nhit gia chiu di mi ni qu 5 C. Chiu di nh nht n
im chm sao phi l 2 m.
Bng 9 Mt ct tiu chun ca dy dn ng ng vi dng in danh nh
Gi tr dng Di dng in Dy dn th nghim
in danh danh nh 1)
Cp Thanh ng 2)
nh
A
A S lng Din tch mt S lng Kch thc 3)
ct 3)
mm
mm2
500 400 n 500 2 150(16) 2 30 x 5(15)
630 500 n 630 2 185(18) 2 40 x 5(15)
800 630 n 800 2 240(21) 2 50 x 5(17)
1 000 800 n 1 000 2 60 x 5(19)
 1 250 1 000 n 1 250 2 80 x 5(20)
1 600 1 250 dn 1 600 2 100 x 5(23)
2 000 1 600 n 2 000 3 100 x 5(20)
2 500 2 000 n 2 500 4 100 x 5(21)
3 150 2 500 n 3 150 3 100 x 10(23)
1)
Gi tr dng in phi ln hn gi tr th nht v nh hn hoc bng gi tr th hai.
2)
Cc thanh c gi thit l b tr vi b mt dc ca chng thng ng. C th b tr b mt dc nm
ngang nu c qui nh ca nh ch to.
3)
Gi tr trong ngoc l tng nhit c tnh (tnh bng C) ca dy dn th nghim, c nu
tham kho.
8.2.1.3.4 i vi gi tr dng in danh nh cao hn 3 150 A;
Phi c tho thun gia nh ch to v ngi mua v cc hng mc lin quan ca th nghim, v d nh
loi ngun, s pha v tn s (trong trng hp thuc i tng p dng), mt ct ca dy dn th
nghim, v.v Thng tin ny phi to thnh mt phn ca h s th nghim.
8.2.1.4 Th nghim tng nhit s dng in tr gia nhit c tn hao cng sut tng ng
i vi mt s t in kiu kn nht nh c mch chnh v mch ph c dng in danh nh tng i
thp, tn hao cng sut c th c m phng bng in tr gia nhit to ra lng nhit tng t v
c lp t ti v tr thch hp bn trong v t.
Mt ct ca dy dn n cc in tr ny phi sao cho khng tn ra khi v t lng nhit ng k.
Th nghim vi in tr gia nhit ny c xem l i din hp l ca tt c cc t in s dng v t
ging nhau, ngay c khi chng c trang b cc thit b khc nhau, vi iu kin l tng tn hao cng
sut ca cc thit b lp trong, c tnh n h s a dng, khng vt qu gi tr t i vi th nghim.
tng nhit ca thit b lp trong khng c vt qu gi tr nu trong Bng 2 (xem 7.3). tng
nhit ny c th tnh xp x bng cch ly tng nhit ca thit b ny, o trong khng kh thong, cng
vi chnh lch gia nhit bn trong v t v nhit khng kh xung quanh v t.
8.2.1.5 o nhit
Phi s dng nhit ngu hoc nhit k o nhit . Ni chung, i vi cc cun dy, phi s dng
phng php o nhit bng cch o s bin thin in tr. i vi php o nhit khng kh bn
trong t in, phi b tr mt s thit b o nhng v tr thun tin.
Nhit k hoc nhit ngu phi c bo v chng gi la v bc x nhit.
8.2.1.6 Nhit khng kh xung quanh
Nhit khng kh xung quanh phi c o trong mt phn t thi gian trc lc kt thc th nghim
bng t nht l hai nhit k hoc nhit ngu c phn b u xung quanh t in khong mt na
chiu cao v cch t in khong 1 m. Nhit k hoc nhit ngu phi c bo v chng gi la v bc
x nhit.
Nu nhit xung quanh trong qu trnh th nghim l t + 10 C n + 40 C th cc gi tr ca Bng 2
l gi tr gii hn ca tng nhit.
Nu nhit khng kh xung quanh trong qu trnh th nghim vt qu + 40 C hoc thp hn +10 C
th khng p dng tiu chun ny, m nh ch to v ngi s dng phi c tho thun ring.
8.2.1.7 Kt qu cn t c
Khi kt thc th nghim, tng nhit khng c vt qu ga tr qui nh trong Bng 2. Thit b phi
lm vic tho ng trong phm vi gii hn in p qui nh ca chng nhit bn trong ca t in.
8.2.2 Kim tra c tnh in mi
8.2.2.1 Yu cu chung
Th nghim in hnh ny khng cn thc hin trn cc b phn ca t in c th nghim in
henh theo yu cu k thut lin quan. Vi iu kin l bn in mi ca chng khng b phng hi
bi vic lp t.
Ngoi ra, khng cn thc hin th nghim ny cho PTTA (xem Bng 7).
Khi t in c dy bo v v c cch in vi cc b phn dn h theo im d) ca 7.4.3.2.2, dy
dn ny phi c xem l mch in ring r, tc l n phi c th nghim vi cng in p nh
mch chnh trong c cha dy dn ny.
Th nghim phi c thc hin:
- theo cc iu t 8.2.2.6.1 n 8.2.2.6.4 nu nh ch to cng b gi tr in p chu xung danh nh U imp
(xem 4.1.3);
- theo cc iu t 8.2.2.2 n 8.2.2.5, trong tt c cc trng hp cn li.
8.2.2.2 Th nghim v t lm bng vt liu cch in
i vi v t lm bng vt liu cch in, th nghim in mi b sung phi c thc hin bng cch
t in p th nghim gia mt cc l l kim loi bc ngoi v t, ph qua cc l v mi ni, cn cc
kia l b phn mang in v b phn dn h ni vi nhau bn trong v t st vi cc l v mi ni
ny. i vi th nghim b sung ny, in p th nghim phi bng 1,5 ln gi tr ch ra trong Bng 10.
CH THCH: in p th nghim i vi v t ca t in c bo v bi cch in tng ang c
xem xt.
8.2.2.3 Tay thao tc bn ngoi bng vt liu cch in
Trong trng hp tay thao tc lm bng hoc c bc vt liu cch in ph hp vi 7.4.3.1.3, th
nghim in mi phi c tin hnh bng cch t in p th nghim bng 1,5 ln in p th nghim
ch ra trong Bng 10 gia cc b phn mang in v l kim loi qun xung quanh ton b b mt ca tay
cm. Trong sut th nghim ny, khung khng c ni t hoc ni vi mch in khc.
8.2.2.4 V tr t v gi tr in p th nghim
in p th nghim phi c t:
1) gia tt c cc b phn mang in v b phn dn h ni vi nhau ca t in;
2) gia tng cc v tt c cc cc cn li ni vi nhau ri ni vi cc b phn dn h ca t in.
in p th nghim ti thi im bt u t in p khng c vt qu 50 % gi tr nu trong iu
ny. Sau , phi tng t t trong vi giy n gi tr y qui nh trong iu ny v duy tr trong 5 s.
Ngun cng sut xoay chiu phi c cng sut thch hp duy tr in p th nghim bt k dng in
r. in p th nghim phi c dng sng v c bn l hnh sin v tn s t 45 Hz n 62 Hz.
Gi tr in p th nghim phi nh di y.
8.2.2.4.1 i vi mch chnh v mch ph khng c cp trong 8.2.2.4.2 di y, gi tr phi theo
Bng 10.
Bng 10
in p cch in danh nh U1 in p th nghim in mi xoay chiu
(pha-pha), V hiu dng V
Ui 60 1 000
60 < Ui 300 2 000
300 < Ui 690 2 500
 690 < Ui 800 3 000
800 < Ui 1 000 3 500
1 000 < Ui 1 500 * 3 500
* Ch i vi in mt chiu
8.2.2.4.2 i vi mch ph trong nh ch to ch ra l khng thch hp cp ngun trc tip t
mch chnh, gi tr phi theo bng 11.
Bng 11
in p cch in danh nh Ui in p th nghim in mi xoay chiu
(pha-pha), V hiu dng V
Ui 12 250
12 < Ui 60 500
60 < Ui 2 Ui + 1 000 vi ti thiu l 1 500
8.2.2.5 Kt qu cn t c
Th nghim c xem l t nu khng c phng in nh thng hoc phng in b mt.
8.2.2.6 Th nghim chu in p xung
8.2.2.6.1 iu kin chung
T in cn th nghim phi c lp hon ton trn gi ca n hoc gi tng ng nh trong
vn hnh bnh thng theo hng dn ca nh ch to v iu kin mi trng xung quanh qui nh
trong 6.1.
Tay thao tc bt k lm bng vt liu cch in v v bc phi kim loi tch hp bt k ca thit b, c
thit k s dng m khng c v bc b sung phi c bc bng l kim loi ni vi khung hoc tm
lp t. L kim loi phi c p ln tt c cc b mt m c th b chm ti bng que th tiu chun
(u d th nghim B ca TCVN 4255 (IEC 60529)).
8.2.2.6.2 in p th nghim
in p th nghim phi nh qui nh trong 7.1.2.3.2 v 7.1.2.3.3.
Khi c tho thun vi nh ch to, th nghim c th thc hin s dng in p c tn s cng nghip
hoc in p mt chiu cho trong Bng 13. Cho php ngt b chng st trong qu trnh th nghim ny,
vi iu kin l c tnh ca b chng st bit. Tuy nhin, thit b c lp phng tin trit tiu qu in
p phi c u tin th nghim vi in p xung.Thnh phn nng lng ca dng in th nghim
khng c vt qu thng s c trng v nng lng ca phng tin trit tiu qu in p.
CH THCH: Thng s ca phng tin trit tiu qu in p cn thch hp hn p dng. Thng s
ny ang c xem xt.
a) Phi t in p xung 1,2/50 s ba ln cho tng cc tnh vi thi gian nh nht l 1 s.
b) in p tn s cng nghip v in p mt chiu phi t trong ba chu k trong trng hp in xoay
chiu hoc 10 ms cho tng cc tnh trong trng hp in mt chiu.
Khe h khng kh bng hoc ln hn cc gi tr trong trng hp A ca Bng 14 c th c kim tra
bng php o, theo phng php m t trong Ph lc F.
8.2.2.6.3 t in p th nghim
in p th nghim c t nh di y:
a) Gia tng b phn mang in (k c mch iu kin v mch ph ni vi mch chnh) v cc b phn
dn h ni vi nhau ca t in;
b) gia tng cc ca mch chnh v cc cc cn li;
c) gia tng mch iu kin v mch ph thng khng ni vi cc mch chnh v:
- mch chnh,
- cc mch khc,
- b phn dn h;
- v t hoc tm lp t;
d) i vi b phn ko ra c ang v tr cch ly: t in p ln khe h cch ly, gia pha ngun v
b phn ko ra c v gia u ni ngun v u ni ti, nu lin quan.
8.2.2.6.4 Kt qu cn t c
Khng c c phng in nh thng khng ch trong qu trnh th nghim.
CH THCH 1: Mt ngoi l l phng in nh thng c ch c thit k cho mc ch ny, v d,
phng tin trit tiu qu in p qu .
CH THCH 2: Thut ng phng in nh thng lin quan n hin tng c km theo hng cch
in do ng sut in, trong phng in ni tt hon ton cch in cn th nghim, lm gim in p
gia cc in cc v khng hoc gn khng.
CH THCH 3: Thut ng phng in xuyn qua c dng khi phng in xy ra qua cht in mi
kh hoc lng.
CH THCH 4: Thut ng phng in b mt c dng khi phng in xy ra qua b mt in mi
trong cht trung gian kh hoc lng.
CH THCH 5: Thut ng m xuyn c dng khi phng in nh thng xy ra qua cht in mi
rn.
CH THCH 6: Phng in nh thng trong cht in mi rn to ra tn hao vnh vin cng in
mi; trong cht in mi lng hoc kh, tn hao ny cng c th ch tm thi.
8.2.2.7 Kim tra chiu di ng r
Phi o chiu di ng r ngn nht gia cc pha, gia cc dy dn ca mch in cc in p khc
nhau, v gia b phn mang in v b phn dn h. Chiu di ng r o c lin quan n
nhm vt liu v nhim bn phi ph hp vi yu cu ca 7.1.2.3.5.
8.2.3 Kim tra bn chu ngn mch
8.2.3.1 Mch in ca t in khng phi kim tra bn chu ngn mch
Khng yu cu kim tra bn chu ngn mch trong cc trng hp sau:
8.2.3.1.1 i vi t in c dng in ngn hn danh nh hoc dng in ngn mch danh nh c iu
kin khng vt qu 10 kA.
8.2.3.1.2 i vi t in c bo v bng thit b hn ch dng in c dng in ngng ct khng
vt qu 17 kA dng in ngn mch k vng cho php ln nht ti cc u ni ca mch ng in
vo t in.
8.2.3.1.3 i vi mch ph ca t in c thit k ni vi my bin p c cng sut danh nh
khng vt qu 10 kVA i vi in p th cp danh nh khng nh hn 110 V hoc 1,6 kVA i vi
in p th cp danh nh nh hn 110 V, v tr khng ngn mch khng nh hn 4 %.
8.2.3.1.4 i vi tt c cc b phn ca t in (thanh ci, vt thanh ci, mi ni n thanh ci, khi
ng in vo, khi ng in ra, thit b ng ct, v.v) chu th nghim in hnh c hiu lc
trong cc iu kin ca t in.
CH THCH: V d v cc thit b ng ct l thit b c dng in ngn mch danh nh c iu kin
theo IEC 60947-3 hoc b khi ng c phi hp vi thit b bo v ngn mch theo TCVN 6592-4-1
(IEC 60947-4-1).
8.2.3.2 Cc mch in ca t in phi kim tra bn chu ngn mch
iu ny p dng cho tt c cc mch in khng c cp trong 8.2.3.1.
8.2.3.2.1 B tr th nghim
T in hoc cc b phn ca t phi c b tr nh trong s dng bnh thng. Ngoi tr cc th
nghim trn thanh ci v ty thuc vo cu trc ca t in, th nghim cc khi chc nng n l l
nu cc khi chc nng cn li c kt cu theo cch tng t v khng th nh hng n kt qu
th nghim.
8.2.3.2.2 Thc hin th nghim Yu cu chung
Nu mch th nghim c lp cu chy th phi s dng dy chy c thng s dng in ln nht (ng
vi dng in danh nh) v, nu yu cu, l loi c nh ch to ch ra l chp nhn c.
Dy ngun v mi ni ngn mch yu cu th nghim t in phi c bn chu c cc ngn
mch v c b tr sao cho chng khng a vo bt k ng sut b sung no.
Nu khng c tha thun khc th mch th nghim phi c ni vi cc u ni v t in. T in ba
pha phi c ni trn c s ba pha.
kim tra tt c cc thng s chu ngn mch (xem 4.3, 4.4, 4.5 v 4.6), gi tr dng in ngn mch k
vng in p cung cp bng 1,05 ln in p lm vic danh nh phi c xc nh t biu lao
ng hiu chun c ly khi dy ngun ni n t in c ni tt bng mt u ni c tr khng
khng ng k ti v tr st nht c th vi u vo ca t in. Biu dao ng phi cho thy c dng
in khng i sao cho c th o ti thi im tng ng vi tc ng ca thit b bo v lp trong t
in hoc trong khong thi gian qui nh, dng in ny xp x gi tr qui nh trong 8.2.3.2.4.
i vi cc th nghim in xoay chiu, tn s ca mch th nghim trong qu trnh th nghim ngn
mch phi l tn s danh nh c dung sai l 25 %.
Tt c cc b phn ca t c thit k ni vi dy bo v trong vn hnh, k c v t, phi c ni
nh sau:
1) i vi t in thch hp s dng trong h thng ba pha bn dy (xem them TCVN 7995 (IEC
60038)) c im sao ni t v ghi nhn tng ng, ni n im trung tnh ca ngun hoc n trung
tnh gi v cn bn l in cm th cho php dng in s c k vng t nht l 1 500 A;
2) i vi t in thch hp s dng trong h thng ba pha ba dy cng nh ba pha bn dy v c
ghi nhn tng ng, ni n dy pha t c kh nng phng in xung t nht.
CH THCH: Phng php ghi nhn v k hiu ang c xem xt.
Tr t in theo 7.4.3.2.2, mch th nghim phi c thit b tin cy pht hin dng in s c (v d,
cu chy bng dy ng c ng knh 0,8 mm v chiu di khng nh hn 50 mm). Dng in s c k
vng trong mch phn t nng chy phi l 1 500 A 10 %, tr khi c qui nh trong ch thch 2 v 3.
Nu cn, phi s dng in tr hn ch dng in n gi tr .
CH THCH 1: Dy ng ng knh 0,8 mm s chy 1 500 A, trong xp x na chu k, ti tn s t 45
Hz n 67 Hz (hoc 0,01 s vi ngun mt chiu).
CH THCH 2: Dng in s c k vng c th nh hn 1 500 A trong trng hp thit b nh, theo yu
cu ca tiu chun sn phm lin quan, vi dy ng c ng knh nh hn (xem ch thch 4) ng vi
thi gian chy ging nh trong ch thch 1.
CH THCH 3: Trong trng hp ngun c trung tnh gi, c th chp nhn dng in s c k vng
thp hn, c tha thun vi nh ch to, vi dy ng c ng knh nh hn (xem ch thch 4) ng vi
thi gian chy ging nh trong ch thch 1.
CH THCH 4: Mi lin quan gia dng in s c k vng trong mch phn t nng chy v ng
knh dy ng cn theo Bng 12.
Bng 12 Mi lin quan gia dng in s c k vng v ng knh dy ng
ng knh dy ng Dng in s c k vng trong mch phn
t nng chy
mm
A
0,1 50
0,2 150
0,3 300
0,4 500
0,5 800
0,8 1 500
8.2.3.2.3 Th nghim mch chnh
i vi t in c thanh ci, p dng th nghim theo im a), b) v d) di dy.
i vi t in khng c thanh ci, p dng th nghim theo im a).
i vi t in khng p ng cc yu cu ca 7.5.5.1.2, p dng b sung th nghim theo mc c).
a) Trong trng hp mch ly in ra c linh kin trc cha phi chu th nghim thch hp th phi
p dng th nghim di y.
th nghim mch ng in ra, phi c u ni ng in ra km theo c lp bu long ni
tt. Khi thit b bo v trong mch ng in ra l ptmt th mch th nghim c th c in tr sun
theo 8.3.4.1.2 b) ca TCVN 6592-1 (IEC 60947-1), song song vi cun khng iu chnh dng in
ngn mch.
i vi ptmt c dng in danh nh n v bng 630 A, mch th nghim phi c cp c chiu di
0,75 m c din tch mt ct tng ng vi dng in nhit qui c (xem TCVN 6592-1 (IEC 60947-1),
Bng 9 v 10). Thit b ng ct phi c ng v gi trng thi ng theo cch nh s dng bnh
thng trong vn hnh. Sau phi t in p th nghim mt ln v vi thi gian di cho php
thit b bo v ngn mch khi ng in ra tc ng gii tr s c v, trong mi trng hp
khng c t hn 10 chu k (khong thi gian ca in p th nghim).
b) T in c thanh ci chnh phi chu mt th nghim b sung chng t bn chu ngn mch ca
thanh ci chnh v khi ng in vo k c cc mi ni. im to ra ngn mch phi cch im ngun
gn nht 2 m 0,40 m. kim tra dng in ngn hn danh nh (xem 4.3) v dng in chu th nh
danh nh (xem 4.4), khong cch ny c th c tng ln nu cc th nghim c tin hnh in
p thp hn, vi iu kin l dng in th nghim c gi tr danh nh (xem im b) ca 8.2.3.2.4).
Trong trng hp thit k ca t in c chiu di thanh ci cn th nghim nh hn 1,6 m v t in
khng c thit k m rng th phi th nghim ton b chiu di thanh ci, ngn mch c thit
lp ti u ca cc thanh ci. Nu tp hp cc thanh ci gm c cc on khc nhau (nh mt ct,
khong cch gia cc thanh ci lin k, kiu v s lng vt trn mi mt chiu di) th mi on phi
c th nghim ring r. th nghim c th tin hnh ng thi, min l p ng cc iu kin trn.
c) Ngn mch t c nh cc mi ni bu lng trn dy dn ni thanh ci vi khi ng in ra n
l, st nht c th vi u ni v pha thanh ci ca khi lng in ra. Gi tr dng in ngn mch phi
ging nh gi tr i vi thanh ci chnh.
d) Nu cc thanh trung tnh th n phi chu mt th nghim chng t bn chu ngn mch lin
quan n thanh ci pha gn nht k c cc mi ni. ni thanh trung tnh vi thanh ci pha ny, p
dng cc yu cu ca im b) ca 8.2.3.2.3. Nu khng c tha thun khc gia nh ch to v ngi
s dng, gi tr dng in th nghim trong thanh trung tnh phi l 60 % dng in pha trong qu trnh
th nghim ba pha.
8.2.3.2.4 Gi tr v khong thi gian ca dng in ngn mch
a) i vi t in c bo v bi thit b bo v ngn mch, khi cc thit b ny trong mch ng
in vo hoc bt k v tr no khc, in p th nghim phi t trong thi gian di cho php thit
b bo v ngn mch tc ng gii tr s c v, trong mi trng hp, khng c nh hn 10 chu
k.
b) T in khng lp thit b bo v ngn mch trong khi ng in vo (xem 7.5.2.1.2).
i vi tt c cc thng s c trng v chu ngn mch, phi kim tra ng sut in ng v ng sut
nhit vi dng in k vng, pha ngun cung cp ca thit b bo v qui nh, nu c, bng gi tr dng
in ngn hn danh nh, dng in chu th nh danh nh, dng in ngn mch danh nh c iu
kin hoc dng in ngn mch gy chy danh nh do nh ch to n nh.
Trong trng hp c kh khn trong vic thc hin th nghim ngn hn hoc th nghim chu th nh
ti in p lm vic ln nht, th nghim theo im b), c) v d) ca 8.2.3.2.3 c th thc hin ti bt k
in p thp hn no, dng in th nghim thc t trong trng hp ny bng vi dng in ngn hn
danh nh hoc dng in chu th nh. iu ny phi c ch ra trong h s th nghim. Tuy nhin,
nu xy ra nh tip im tm thi ca thit b bo v trong qu trnh th nghim th phi lp li th
nghim ti in p lm vic ln nht.
i vi cc th nghim ngn hn hoc th nghim chu th nh, c cu nh qu dng, nu c, c nhiu
kh nng b tc ng trong qu trnh th nghim phi c lm mt hiu lc.
Tt c cc th nghim phi c thc hin ti tn s danh nh ca thit b vi dung sai bng 25 %, v
ti h s cng sut thch hp vi dng in ngn mch theo Bng 4.
Gi tr dng in trong qu trnh hiu chun l trung bnh cc gi tr hiu dng ca thnh phn xoay chiu
trong tt c cc pha. Khi thc hin th nghim ti in p lm vic ln nht, dng in hiu chun l
dng in th nghim thc t. Trong tng pha, dng in phi nm trong dung sai t + 5 % n 0 % v
h s cng sut c dung sai t + 0,0 n 0,05. Phi t dng in vi thi gian qui nh trong gi tr
hiu dng ca thnh phn xoay chiu phi duy tr khng i.
CH THCH 1: Tuy nhin, nu cn thit, do cc bn hn ch th nghim, cho php thi gian th nghim
khc; trong trng hp ny, dng in th nghim cn c thay i theo cng thc I 2t = hng s, vi
iu kin l gi tr nh khng vt qu dng in chu th nh danh nh m khng c s cho php ca
nh ch to v gi tr hiu dng ca dng in ngn hn khng c nh hn gi tr danh nh trong ti
thiu l mt pha sau t nht 1 s t khi bt u c dng in.
CH THCH 2: Th nghim chu th dng in nh v th nghim dng in ngn hn c th ring r.
Trong trng hp ny, thi gian trong cn ngn mch i vi th nghim chu th dng in nh sao
cho gi tr I2t khng ln hn gi tr tng ng i vi th nghim dng in ngn hn, nhng khng nh
hn ba chu k.
CH THCH 3: Trong trng hp khng t c dng in th nghim yu cu mi pha th dung sai
th nghim c th ln hn vi s ng ca nh ch to.
i vi th nghim dng in ngn mch c iu kin v th nghim dng in ngn mch gy chy,
th nghim phi c tin hnh 1,05 ln in p lm vic danh nh (xem 8.2.3.2.2) vi dng in k
vng, pha cui ngun cung cp ca thit b bo v qui nh, bng gi tr dng in ngn mch danh
nh c iu kin v dng in ngn mch gy chy. Khng cho php th nghim in p thp hn.
8.2.3.2.5 Kt qu cn t c
Sau th nghim, dy dn khng c c bin dng qu mc. Bin dng thanh ci mc khng ng k
c chp nhn, min l khe h khng kh v chiu di ng r qui nh 7.1.2 vn ph hp. Cch
in ca dy dn v cc b phn cch in dng khng c c du hiu suy gim ng k,
ngha l, c tnh thit yu ca cch in phi duy tr sao cho cc c tnh c v c tnh in mi ca
thit b tha mn ca tiu chun ny.
Thit b pht hin, nu c, khng c bo c dng in s c.
Cc b phn s dng u ni dy dn khng c lng ra v dy dn khng c tut ra khi u
ni ng in ra.
Cho php c bin dng v t n mc m cp bo v khng b phng hi v khe h khng kh khng
gim n gi tr nh hn gi tr qui nh.
Bt k bin dng no ca mch in thanh ci hoc khung ca t in lm phng hi n vic gi cc
khi ko ra c hoc cc khi tho ra c phi c xem xt l khng t.
Trong trng hp c nghi ng, phi kim tra xem thit b lp trong t in c cn gi c tnh trng nh
m t trong yu cu k thut lin quan hay khng.
Ngoi ra, sau th nghim 8.2.3.2.3 a) v th nghim kt hp vi thit b bo v ngn mch, t c th
nghim phi c kh nng chu c th nghim in mi ca 8.2.2. in p dng cho tnh trng sau
th nghim m t trong tiu chun lin quan i vi th nghim ngn mch thch hp, c th l:
a) gia tt c cc b phn mang in v khung ca t in, v
b) gia tng cc v tt c cc cc cn li ni vi khung ca t in.
Nu thc hin th nghim a) v b) trn th chng phi c thc hin vi cu chy bt k c
thay v vi tt c cc thit b ng ct u v tr ng.
8.2.3.2.6 i vi PTTA, kim tra bn chu ngn mch phi c thc hin:
- bng th nghim theo cc iu 8.2.3.2.1 n 8.2.3.2.5;
- hoc bng ngoi suy t cc b tr th nghim in hnh tng t.
CH THCH 1: V d v phng php ngoi suy t b tr th nghim in hnh c cho trong IEC
61117.
CH THCH 2: Cn cn thn khi so snh bn dy dn, khong cch gia cc b phn mang in v
b phn dn h, khong cch gia cc vt , chiu cao v bn ca cc vt , bn v kiu
kt cu nh v vt .
8.2.4 Kim tra hiu lc ca mch bo v
8.2.4.1 Kim tra hin lc mi ni gia b phn dn h ca t in v mch bo v
Phi kim tra chng t cc b phn dn h khc nhau ca t in c ni hiu lc vi mch
bo v v in tr mi ni gia dy bo v ng in vo v b phn dn h lin quan khng vt
qu 0,1 .
Kim tra bng cch s dng thit b o in tr hoc b tr mch o c kh nng truyn dng in t nht
10 A xoay chiu hoc mt chiu vo tr khng 0,1 gia cc im o in tr.
CH THCH: C th cn gii hn thi gian th nghim n 5 s trong trng hp thit b c dng in
nh c th b nh hng bt li do th nghim.
8.2.4.2 Kim tra bn ngn mch ca mch bo v bng th nghim
(Khng p dng cho mch in theo 8.2.3.1)
Ngun cung cp cho th nghim mt pha phi c ni vi u ni ng in vo ca mt pha v ni
vi u ni dng cho dy bo v ng in vo. Khi t in c dy bo v ring r, phi s dng dy
pha gn nht. i vi tng khi ng in ra i din, phi thc hin th nghim ring r cho mi ni
ngn mch bng bu lng gia u ni pha ng in ra tng ng ca khi v u ni cho dy bo v
ng in ra lin quan.
Tng khi ng in ra cn th nghim phi c cung cp mt thit b bo v trong s cc thit b
bo v c thit k cho khi ng in ra, cho php gi tr dng in nh ln nht v I 2t i qua. Th
nghim c th c thc hin vi thit b bo v t bn ngoi t in.
Vi th nghim ny, khung ca t in phi c cch in vi t. in p th nghim phi bng gi tr
in p lm vic danh nh mt pha. Gi tr dng in ngn mch k vng s dng phi bng 60% gi tr
dng in ngn mch k vng ca th nghim chu ngn mch ba pha ca t in.
Tt c cc iu kin khc ca th nghim ny phi tng t 8.2.3.2.
8.2.4.3 Kt qu cn t c
Tnh lin tc v bn chu ngn mch ca mch bo v, hoc mch bo v c cha dy dn ring r
hoc khung, khng c b nh hng ng k.
Bn cnh vic xem xt bng cch quan st, c th kim tra bng php o vi dng in c gi tr bng
dng in danh nh ca khi ng in ra lin quan.
CH THCH 1: Trong trng hp khung c s dng lm dy bo v, cho php c tia la v pht nng
cc b cc mi ni, vi iu kin l chng khng nh hng n tnh lin tc v in v, cc b phn
d chy lin k khng bt la.
CH THCH 2: Vic so snh cc in tr, c o trc v sau th nghim, gia u ni dung cho dy
bo v ng in vo v u ni dng cho dy bo v ng in ra lin quan s chng t s ph hp
vi iu kin ny.
8.2.5 Kim tra khe h khng kh v chiu di ng r
Phi kim tra xem khe h khng kh v chiu di ng r ph hp vi cc gi tr qui nh 7.1.2.
Nu t in c cha cc b phn ko ra c th cn kim tra khe h khng kh v chiu di ng r
c v tr th nghim (xem 2.2.9), nu c, v v tr cch ly (xem 2.2.10).
8.2.6 Kim tra thao tc v c
Th nghim in hnh ny khng c thc hin trn thit b ca t in c th nghim in hnh
theo yu cu k thut lin quan ca chng vi iu kin l thao tc v c ca chng khng b phng hi
do vic lp t.
Vi cc b phn cn th nghim in hnh, thao tc v c tha ng phi c kim tra sau khi lp t
t in. S chu k thao tc phi l 50.
CH THCH: Trong trng hp khi chc nng ko ra c th mt chu k bao gm cc chuyn ng
vt l bt k t v tr ni n v tr cch ly v tr v v tr ni.
Ti cng mt thi im, hot ng ca kha lin ng c kt hp vi cc chuyn ng ny phi c
kim tra. Th nghim c xem l t nu iu kin lm vic ca thit b, kha lin ng, v.v, khng b
phng hi v nu n lc yu cu phi hot ng ging nh trc khi th nghim.
8.2.7 Kim tra cp bo v bng v ngoi
Cp bo v bng v ngoi ph hp vi 7.2.1 v 7.7 phi c kim tra theo TCVN 4255 (IEC 60529),
trong trng hp cn thit, thc hin cc iu chnh ph hp vi kiu c th ca t in. Nu d dng
quan st thy c vt nc bn trong v t ngay sau khi th nghim s xm nhp ca nc th phi kim
tra cc c tnh in mi bng th nghim theo 8.2.2. Thit b th nghim ng vi IP3X v IP4X cng
nh loi gi dng cho v t trong qu trnh th nghim IP4X phi c nu trong h s th nghim.
T in c cp bo v IP5X phi c th nghim theo cp 2 trong 13.4 ca TCVN 4255 (IEC 60529).
T in c cp bo v IP6X phi c th nghim theo cp 1 trong 13.4 ca TCVN 4255 (IEC 60529).
8.2.8 Th nghim EMC
i vi cc th nghim EMC, xem H.8.2.8, Ph lc H.
8.2.9 Kim tra kh nng ca vt liu cch in chu nhit khng bnh thng v chu chy (th
nghim si dy nng )
Th nghim si dy nng phi c thc hin theo IEC 60695-2-10 v IEC 60695-2-11, trong cc
iu kin qui nh 7.1.4:
a) trn cc b phn hon chnh ca t in, hoc
b) trn cc b phn ly t cc b phn ny, hoc
c) trn cc mu lm t cng loi vt liu v c chiu dy i din.
8.3 Th nghim thng xuyn
8.3.1 Kim tra t in bao gm xem xt i dy, v, nu cn, th nghim vn hnh v in
Phi kim tra tnh hiu lc ca cc phn t thao tc bng c, kha lin ng, kha, v.v Phi kim tra
sp t ng ca dy dn v cp, lp t cng lc ca cc thit b. Vic xem xt bng mt cng cn thit
m bo rng cp bo v, chiu di ng r v khe h khng kh qui nh c duy tr.
Cc mi ni, c bit l mi ni ren v bulng, phi c kim tra tip xc thch hp, c th bng cc th
nghim ngu nhin.
Ngoi ra, phi kim tra thng tin v ghi nhn qui nh trong 5.1 v 5.2, v t in tng ng vi chng.
Hn na, s ph hp ca t in vi mch in v s i dy, d liu k thut, v.v, c nh ch
to cung cp cng phi c kim tra.
Ty thuc vo mc phc tp ca t in, c th cn xem xt s i dy v tin hnh th nghim
chc nng v in. Qui trnh th nghim v s th nghim ty thuc vo t in c kha lin ng phc
tp, thit b iu khin theo th t, v.v, hay khng.
Trong mt s trng hp c th cn thc hin hoc lp li th nghim ny v tr lp t khi a h
thng m t in c thit k vo hot ng. Trong trng hp ny phi c tha thun ring gia nh
ch to v ngi s dng.
8.3.2 Th nghim in mi
Th nghim phi c thc hin
- theo 8.3.2.1 v im b) ca 8.3.2.2, nu nh ch to cng b gi tr in p chu xung danh nh U imp
(xem 4.1.3);
- theo 8.3.2.1 v im a) ca 8.3.2.2, trong cc trng hp khc.
Cc th nghim ny khng cn thc hin trn PTTA c in tr cch in c kim tra theo 8.2.2.1
hoc 8.3.4.
Th nghim ny khng cn thc hin trn mch ph ca TTA v PTTA c bo v bi thit b bo v
ngn mch c thng s c trng khng qu 16 A v nu, trc , th nghim chc nng v in (xem
8.3.1) c thc hin in p danh nh m mch ph c thit k.
8.3.2.1 Yu cu chung
Tt c cc thit b in ca t in c ni th nghim, ngoi tr cc thit b m, theo yu cu k
thut lin quan, c thit k in p th nghim thp hn; thit b s dng dng in (v d, cun dy,
dng c o) trong , vic t in p th nghim s c dng in chy qua, phi c ngt ra. Cc thit
b ny phi c ngt ti mt trong cc u ni ca chng tr trng hp chng khng c thit k
chu c in p th nghim y , trong trng hp ny, tt c cc u ni c th c ngt in.
T in kh nhiu lp gia b phn mang in v b phn dn h khng c ngt ra v phi c kh
nng chu c in p th nghim ny.
8.3.2.2 t in p th nghim, thi gian t v gi tr t
a) in p th nghim theo 8.2.2.4 phi c t trong 1 s. Ngun xoay chiu phi c cng sut thch
hp duy tr in p th nghim bt k tt c cc dng in r. in p th nghim v c bn phi c
dng sng sin v tn s t 45 Hz n 62 Hz.
Nu thit b c trong mch chnh hoc mch ph cn th nghim chu th nghim in mi trc
th in p th nghim phi c gim v 85% gi tr ch ra trong 8.2.2.4.
th nghim th:
- tt c cc thit b ng ct phi trng thi ng, hoc
- t lin tip in p th nghim ln tt c cc b phn ca mch in.
in p th nghim phi c t gia b phn mang in v b phn kt cu dn ca t in.
b) Th nghim phi c thc hin theo 8.2.2.6.2 v 8.2.2.6.3. Nu trong mch in c lp cc linh kin
m theo tiu chun IEC ca chng, c th nghim thng xuyn vi cc in p th nghim thp
hn phi s dng cc in p thp hn ny cho th nghim. Tuy nhin, in p th nghim khng c
nh hn 30 % in p chu xung danh nh (khng c h s hiu chnh cao so vi mc nc bin)
hoc hai ln in p cch in danh nh, chn gi tr no cao hn.
8.3.2.3 Kt qu cn t c
Th nghim c xem l t nu khng xy ra phng in m xuyn hoc phng in b mt.
8.3.3 Kim tra bin php bo v v tnh lin tc v in ca mch bo v
Phi kim tra bin php bo v lin quan n bo v chng tip xc trc tip v gin tip (xem 7.4.2 v
7.4.3).
Phi kim tra mch bo v bng cch xem xt chc chn l ph hp vi bin php m t trong
7.4.3.1.5. c bit, cc mi ni bt ren v bulng phi c kim tra tip xc , c th bng cc th
nghim ngu nhin.
8.3.4 Kim tra in tr cch in
i vi PTTA khng phi chu cc th nghim in mi theo 8.2.2 hoc 8.3.2 th phi tin hnh php o
cch in s dng thit b o cch in c in p t nht 500 V.
Trong trng hp ny, th nghim c xem l tha mn nu in tr cch in gia cc mch in v
b phn dn h ti thiu l 1 000 /V cho mi mch in so vi in p danh ngha vi t ca cc
mch in ny.
Ngoi ra, cc hng mc m theo yu cu c th ca chng, l cc thit b s dng dng in (v d, cc
cun dy, thit b o) khi t in p th nghim, hoc khng c thit k chu c in p th
nghim y th phi c ngt ra, ty theo tng trng hp.
Bng 13 in p chu th in mi dng cho cc th nghim in p xung, in p tn s cng
nghip v in p mt chiu
in in p th nghim v cao tng ng so vi mc nc bin
p
U1,2/50, nh xoay chiu v mt chiu Xoay chiu hiu dng
chu
xung kV kV
danh
nh Mc 200 m 500 m 1 000 2 000 Mc 200 m 500 m 1 000 2 000
nc m m nc m m
Uimp bin bin
kV
0,33 0,36 0,36 0,35 0,34 0,33 0,25 0,25 0,25 0,25 0,23
0,5 0,54 0,54 0,53 0,52 0,5 0,38 0,38 0,38 0,37 0,36
0,8 0,95 0,9 0,9 0,85 0,8 0,67 0,64 0,64 0,60 0,57
1,5 1,8 1,7 1,7 1,6 1,5 1,3 1,2 1,2 1,1 1,06
2,5 2,9 2,8 2,8 2,7 2,5 2,1 2,0 2,0 1,9 1,77
4 4,9 4,8 4,7 4,4 4 3,5 3,4 3,3 3,1 2,83
6 7,4 7,2 7 6,7 6 5,3 5,1 5,0 4,75 4,24
8 9,8 9,6 9,3 9 8 7,0 6,8 6,6 6,4 5,66
 12 14,8 14,5 14 13,3 12 10,5 10,3 10,0 9,5 8,48
CH THCH 1: Bng ny s dng c tnh ca trng ng nht, trng hp B (xem 2.9.15),
trong , cc gi tr in p chu th dng xung, mt chiu v xoay chiu l nh nhau. Gi tr hiu
dng c rt ra t gi tr nh xoay chiu.
CH THCH 2: Trong trng hp khe h khng kh c gi tr nm gia cc iu kin trng hp
A v B th gi tr xoay chiu v gi tr mt chiu ca bng ny l khc nghit hn so vi in p
xung.
CH THCH 3: Th nghim in p tn s cng nghip phi c tha thun ca nh ch to (xem
8.2.2.6.2).
Bng 14 Khe h khng kh ti thiu
in p Khe h khng kh ti thiu
chu xung
mm
danh nh
Uimp Trng hp A Trng hp B
kV Trng khng ng nht Trng ng nht, iu kin l tng
(xem 2.9.16) (xem 2.9.15)
nhim bn nhim bn
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
0,33 0,01 0,2 0,8 1,6 0,01 0,2 0,8 1,6
0,5 0,04 0,04
0,8 0,1 0,1
1,5 0,5 0,5 0,3 0,3
2,5 1,5 1,5 0,6 0,6
1,5 1,2
4 3 3 1,2 1,2
3 2
6 5,5 5,5 2 2
3 2
5,5 3
8 8 8 3 3
5,5 3
8 4,5
12 14 14 4,5 4,5
8 4,5
14
14
CH THCH: Gi tr khe h khng kh ti thiu da trn in p xung 1,2/50 s, vi p sut kh
quyn bng 80 kPa tng ng vi p sut kh quyn bnh thng cao 2 000 m so vi mc
nc bin.
Bng 15 in p th nghim t ln cc tip im h ca thit b thch hp cch ly
in in p th nghim v cao so vi mc nc bin tng ng
p
U1,2/50 nh xoay chiu v mt chiu Xoay chiu hiu dng
chu
xung kV kV
danh
nh Mc 200 m 500 m 1 000 2 000 Mc 200 m 500 m 1 000 2 000
nc m m nc m m
Uimp bin bin
kV
 0,33 1,8 1,7 1,7 1,6 1,5 1,3 1,2 1,2 1,1 1,06
0,5 1,8 1,7 1,7 1,6 1,5 1,3 1,2 1,2 1,1 1,06
0,8 1,8 1,7 1,7 1,6 1,5 1,3 1,2 1,2 1,1 1,06
1,5 2,3 2,3 2,2 2,2 2 1,6 1,6 1,55 1,55 1,42
2,5 3,5 3,5 3,4 3,2 3 2,47 2,47 2,4 2,26 2,12
4 6,2 6 5,8 5,6 5 4,38 4,24 4,10 3,96 3,54
6 9,8 9,6 9,3 9 8 7,0 6,8 6,60 6,40 5,66
8 12,3 12,1 11,7 11,1 10 8,7 8,55 8,27 7,85 7,07
12 18,5 18,1 17,5 16,7 15 13,1 12,80 12,37 11,80 10,6
CH THCH 1: Trong trng hp khe h khng kh nm gia cc iu kin trng hp A v B (xem
Bng 14) th gi tr xoay chiu v gi tr mt chiu ca bng ny l khc nghit hn so vi in p xung.
CH THCH 2: Th nghim in p tn s cng nghip phi c tha thun ca nh ch to (xem
8.2.2.6.2).
Bng 16 Chiu di ng r ti thiu
in p Chiu di ng r i vi thit b chu ng sut di hn, mm
cch in
nhim bn nhim bn nhim bn nhim bn
danh nh
ca thit 1 6) 2 6) 1 2 3 4
b hoc
in p Nhm vt liu Nhm vt liu Nhm vt liu Nhm vt liu
lm vic 2) 3) 2)
I 1) II III a III b I II III a III b I II III a III b
hiu dng
xoay
chiu
hoc mt
chiu, V5)
 10 0,025 0,04 0,08 0,4 0,4 0,4 1 1 1 1,6 1,6 1,6
12,5 0,025 0,04 0,09 0,42 0,42 0,42 1,05 1,05 1,05 1,6 1,6 1,6
16 0,025 0,04 0,1 0,45 0,45 0,45 1,1 1,1 1,1 1,6 1,6 1,6
20 0,025 0,04 0,11 0,48 0,48 0,48 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,6 1,6 1,6
25 0,025 0,04 0,125 0,5 0,5 0,5 1,25 1,25 1,25 1,7 1,7 1,7
32 0,025 0,04 0,14 0,53 0,53 0,53 1,3 1,3 1,3 1,8 1,8 1,8
40 0,025 0,04 0,16 0,56 0,8 1,1 1,4 1,6 1,8 1,9 2,4 3
50 0,025 0,04 0,18 0,6 0,85 1,2 1,5 1,7 1,9 2 2,5 3,2
63 0,04 0,063 0,2 0,63 0,9 1,25 1,6 1,8 2 2,1 2,6 3,4 4)
80 0,063 0,1 0,22 0,67 0,95 1,3 1,7 1,9 2,1 2,2 2,8 3,6
100 0,1 0,16 0,25 0,71 1 1,4 1,8 2 2,2 2,4 3,0 3,8
125 0,16 0,25 0,28 0,75 1,05 1,5 1,9 2,1 2,4 2,5 3,2 4
160 0,25 0,4 0,32 0,8 1,1 1,6 2 2,2 2,5 3,2 4 5
200 0,4 0,63 0,42 1 1,4 2 2,5 2,8 3,2 4 5 6,3
250 0,56 1 0,56 1,25 1,8 2,5 3,2 3,6 4 5 6,3 8
320 0,75 1,6 0,75 1,6 2,2 3,2 4 4,5 5 6,3 8 10
400 1 2 1 2 2,8 4 5 5,6 6,3 8 10 12,5
500 1,3 2,5 1,3 2,5 3,6 5 6,3 7,1 8,0 10 12,5 16
630 1,8 3,2 1,8 3,2 4,5 6,3 8 9 10 12,5 16 20
800 2,4 4 2,4 4 5,6 8 10 11 12,5 16 20 25
1 000 3,2 5 3,2 5 7,1 10 12,5 14 16 20 25 32
1 250 4,2 6,3 9 12,5 16 18 20 25 32 40
1 800 5,6 8 11 16 20 22 25 32 40 50
2 000 7,5 10 14 20 25 28 32 40 50 63
2 500 10 12,5 18 25 32 36 40 50 63 80
3 200 12,5 16 22 32 40 45 50 4) 63 80 100
4 000 16 20 28 40 50 56 63 80 100 125
5 000 20 25 36 50 63 71 80 100 125 160
6 300 25 32 45 63 80 90 100 125 160 200
8 000 32 40 56 80 100 110 125 160 200 250
10 000 40 50 71 100 125 140 160 200 250 320
1)
Nhm vt liu I hoc cc nhm vt liu II, IIIa, IIIb trong trng hp c kh nng phng in th c
gim do cc iu kin ca 2.4 ca IEC 60664-1
2)
Nhm vt liu I, II, IIIa v IIIb.
3)
Nhm vt liu I, II, IIIa.
4)
Gi tr chiu di ng r trong vng ny cha c thit lp. Nhm vt liu IIIb ni chung khng
khuyn co cho ng dng nhim bn 3 ln hn 630 V v nhim bn 4.
5)
Ngoi l, vi in p cch in danh nh 127, 208, 415, 440, 660/690 v 830 V, c th s dng chiu
di ng r ng vi gi tr thp hn 125, 200, 400, 630 v 800 V.
6)
Gi tr nu trong hai ct ny p dng cho chiu di ng r ca vt liu i dy mch in.
CH THCH 1: Phng in hoc n mn thng khng xy ra trn cch in chu in p lm vic 32 V v
thp hn. Tuy nhin, kh nng n mn in ho cn c xem xt v do , cn qui nh chiu di ng
r nh nht.
CH THCH 2: Gi tr in p c chn theo dy R10.

Ph lc A
(qui nh)
Mt ct nh nht v ln nht ca dy ng thch hp u ni
(xem 7.1.3.2)
Bng di y p dng cho u ni mt cp ng trong mt u ni.
Bng A.1
Dng in danh Dy mt si hoc dy bn Dy mm
nh
Mt ct Mt ct
min max min max
2 2
A mm mm
6 0,75 1,5 0,5 1,5
8 1 2,5 0,75 2,5
10 1 2,5 0,75 2,5
12 1 2,5 0,75 2,5
16 1,5 4 1 4
20 1,5 6 1 4
25 2,5 6 1,5 4
32 2,5 10 1,5 6
40 4 16 2,5 10
63 6 25 6 16
80 10 35 10 25
100 16 50 16 35
125 25 70 25 50
160 35 95 35 70
200 50 120 50 95
250 70 150 70 120
315 95 240 95 185
CH THCH 1: Nu dy dn bn ngoi c ni trc tip vi thit b lp trong th mt ct c
ch ra trong yu cu k thut lin quan l c hiu lc.
CH THCH 2: Trong cc trng hp cn phi c cc dy dn khng phi dy dn qui nh trong
bng th phi c tho thun ring gia nh ch to v ngi s dng.

Ph lc B
(qui nh)
Phng php tnh din tch mt ct ca dy bo v lin quan n ng sut nhit do dng in
ngn hn
(xem TCVN 7447-5-54 (IEC 60364-5-54) c thng tin chi tit hn)
Cng thc di y phi c s dng tnh din tch mt ct ca dy bo v cn thit chu c
cc ng sut nhit do dng in c thi gian trong khong 0,2 s n 5 s.

I 2t
Sp =
k
Trong
Sp l din tch mt ct, tnh bng milimt vung;
I l gi tr (hiu dng) ca dng in s c xoay chiu i vi s c c tr khng khng ng k,
c th chy qua dy bo v, tnh bng ampe;
t l thi gian tc ng ca thit b ngt, tnh bng giy;
CH THCH: Cn tnh n nh hng hn ch dng in ca tr khng mch in v kh nng hn ch
(tch phn Jun) ca thit b bo v.
k l h s ph thuc vo vt liu ca dy bo v, cch in v cc b phn khc v cc nhit
ban u v cui cng.
Bng B.1 Gi tr k dng cho dy bo v c cch in khng lp trong cp,
hoc dy bo v h tip xc vi v cp
Cch in ca dy bo v hoc v cp
PVC XLPE Cao su butal
EPR
Dy dn h
Nhit cui cng 160 C 250 C 220 C
H s k
Vt liu ca dy dn:
ng 143 176 166
Nhm 95 116 110
Thp 52 64 60
CH THCH: Nhit ban u ca dy dn c gi thit l 30 C.

Ph lc C
( xo)
 Ph lc D
(tham kho)
Dng cch ly bn trong
(xem 7.7)

Hnh D.1 K hiu s dng trong hnh D.2

Dng 1
Khng c phn cch bn trong

Dng 2
Phn cch thanh ci vi cc khi chc nng
 Dng 2a: Dng 2b:
u ni khng phn cch vi thanh ci u ni c phn cch vi thanh ci
Hnh D.2 Dng 1 v 2
Dng 3
Phn cch thanh ci vi tt c cc khi chc nng
+
Phn cch tt c cc khi chc nng vi nhau
+
Phn cch cc u ni dng cho dy dn bn ngoi vi cc khi chc nng nhng khng phn
cch vi cc u ni ca cc khi chc nng khc

Dng 3a: Dng 3b:

u ni khng phn cch vi thanh ci u ni c phn cch vi thanh ci
Dng 4
Phn cch thanh ci vi tt c cc khi chc nng
+
Phn cch tt c cc khi chc nng vi nhau
+
Phn cch cc u ni dng cho dy dn bn ngoi vi khi chc nng vi cc u ni ca khi
chc nng cn li bt k v thanh ci

Dng 4a: Dng 4b:

u ni trong cng ngn vi khi chc nng lp cng u ni khng cng ngn vi khi chc nng lp cng
Hnh D.2 Dng 3 v 4

Ph lc E
 (tham kho)
Hng mc cn c tho thun gia nh ch to v ngi s dng
iu ca tiu chun ny
4.7. H s a dng danh nh
6.1.1.2 (Ch thch) S dng t in kh hu a cc
6.1.3 (Ch thch) S dng thit b in t cao trn 1 000 m so vi mc nc bin
6.2 Cc iu kin vn hnh c bit
6.2.10 Nhiu dn v nhiu bc x
6.3.1 iu kin trong qu trnh vn chuyn, bo qun v lp rp
7.1.3 u ni dng cho dy dn bn ngoi
7.2.1.1 Cp bo v yu cu cho h thng lp t d kin. i vi t in lp t trn sn, cp bo
v ca y cng cn c ch ra.
7.4.2 Chn bin php bo v chng tip xc trc tip
7.4.3 Chn bin php bo v chng tip xc gin tip
7.4.6 Kh nng tip cn khi vn hnh ca ngi c u quyn
7.4.6.1 Kh nng tip cn kim tra v thao tc tng t
7.4.6.2 Kh nng tip cn bo tr
7.4.6.3 Kh nng tip cn m rng khi ang c in p
7.5.2.3 Gi tr dng in ngn mch k vng trong trng hp mt s khi ng in vo hoc khi
ng in ra dung cho my in quay cng sut cao
7.6.4.1 Kho lin ng
7.6.4.3 Cp bo v sau khi tho b phn tho ra c hoc b phn ko ra c
7.7 Dng phn cch
7.9.1 Bin thin in p u vo i vi ngun cung cp cho thit b in t
7.9.4, im b) Sai lch tn s cung cp
8.2.1.3.4 Th nghim tng nhit i vi gi tr dng in th nghim cao hn 3 150 A
8.2.1.6 Nhit khng kh xung quanh i vi th nghim tng nhit
8.2.3.2.3, im d) Gi tr dng in thanh trung tnh i vi th nghim ngn mch
8.3.1 Lp li th nghim thao tc v in ti hin trng

Ph lc F
(qui nh)
o chiu di ng r v khe h khng kh*
F.1 Nguyn tc c bn
Chiu rng X ca cc rnh qui nh trong cc v d t 1 n 11 di dy v c bn p dng cho tt c cc
v d l hm ca nhim bn nh sau:
nhim bn Gi tr nh nht ca chiu
*
Ph lc F ny hon ton tng ng vi Ph lc G ca TCVN 6592-1 (IEC 60947-1)
 rng X ca cc rnh
mm
1 0,25
2 1,0
3 1,5
4 2,5
Nu khe h khng kh kt hp nh hn 3 mm th chiu rng nh nht ca rnh c th gim cn 1/3 khe
h khng kh ny.
Phng php o chiu di ng r v khe h khng kh c ch ra trong cc v d t 1 n 11. Cc v
d ny khng phn bit gia khe h v rnh hoc gia cc loi cch in.
Ngoi ra:
- tt c cc gc c gi thit l ni bc cu bng tuyn cch in rng X mm di chuyn ti v tr bt k
li nht (xem v d 3);
- trong trng hp khong cch qua nh rnh l X mm hoc ln hn th chiu di ng r c o
theo ng vin ca rnh (xem v d 2);
- chiu di ng r v khe h khng kh o c gia cc phn chuyn ng tng i vi nhau c
o khi cc phn ny v tr tnh ti bt li nht ca chng;
F.2 S dng cc ng gn
V cc ng gn tc dng ln nhim bn v hiu ng kh nhanh tt hn nn cc ng gn c xem
l lm gim c s hnh thnh dng in r. Do , chiu di ng r c th gim cn 0,8 gi tr yu
cu, vi iu kin l chiu cao ti thiu ca gn l 2 mm.

Hnh F.1 o cc ng gn
V d 1

iu kin: Tuyn chiu di ng r ny gm cc rnh Qui tc: Chiu di ng r v khe h khng kh c

c cnh song song hoc hp dn vo su bt k vi o trc tip qua rnh nh hnh v.
chiu rng khng qu X mm.

V d 2
iu kin: Tuyn chiu di ng r ny gm cc rnh Qui tc: Khe h khng kh l khong cch theo ng
c cnh song song c su ln hn hoc bng X mm. thng. Chiu di ng r theo ng vin ca rnh.
V d 3

iu kin: Tuyn chiu di ng r ny gm cc rnh dng ch V c chiu rng ln hn X mm

Qui tc: Khe h khng kh l khong cch theo ng thng. Chiu di ng r dc theo ng vin
ca rnh nhng y rnh c ni tt bng tuyn X mm.

V d 4

iu kin: Tuyn chiu di ng r ny gm cc gn. Qui tc: Khe h khng kh l ng thng ngn nht
trong khng kh qua nh gn. Chiu di ng r theo
ng vin ca gn.
V d 5

iu kin: Tuyn chiu di ng r ny gm ch ni Qui tc: Khe h khng kh v chiu di ng r l

khng gn kn c cc rnh c rng nh hn X mm khong cch theo ng thng nh ch ra trn hnh v.
mi pha.
V d 6
iu kin: Tuyn chiu di ng r ny gm ch ni Qui tc: Khe h khng kh l chiu di ngm thng.
khng gn kn c cc rnh c rng ln hn hoc bng Chiu di ng r theo ng vin ca cc rnh.
X mm mi pha.

V d 7

iu kin: Tuyn chiu di ng r ny gm ch ni Qui tc: Cc tuyn khe h khng kh v chiu di ng

khng gn kn c cc rnh v mt pha c rng nh r nh ch ra trn hnh v.
hn X mm v pha cn li c rng ln hn hoc bng
X mm.
V d 8

iu kin: Tuyn chiu di ng r ny gm ch ni Qui tc: Khe h khng kh l tuyn khng kh ngn nht
khng gn kn nh hn chiu di ng r qua tm trc tip qua nh ca tm chn.
chn.

V d 9
iu kin: Khe h gia u vt v vch ca hc rng tnh n.
Qui tc: Cc tuyn khe h khng kh v chiu di ng r nh ch ra trn hnh v.

V d 10

iu kin: Khong cch gia u ca vt v vch ca hc Qui tc: o chiu di ng r t vt n vch khi
qu hp tnh n. khong cch bng X mm.
V d 11

Khe h khng kh l chiu di d +D Chiu di ng r cng l d + D

Ph lc G
 (qui nh)
Tng quan gia in p danh ngha ca h thng cung cp v in p chu xung danh nh ca
thit b*
Gii thiu
Ph lc ny nhm nu cc thng tin cn thit lin quan n vic chn thit b s dng trong mch in
bn trong h thng in hoc phn ca h thng in.
Bng G.1 a ra cc v d v mi tng quan gia in p danh ngha ca h thng cung cp v in
p chu xung danh nh tng ng ca thit b.
Gi tr in p chu xung danh nh nu trong Bng G.1 da trn c tnh tnh nng ca b chng st.
Cc gi tr ny da trn c tnh theo IEC 60099-1.
Cn nhn thy rng vic khng ch qu in p lin quan n gi tr trong bng G.1 cng c th t
c bng cc iu kin trong h thng cung cp v d nh s tn ti tr khng thch hp hoc u nui
cp.
Trong cc trng hp ny, khi vic khng ch qu in p t c bng cc phng php khng dng
b chng st, hng dn v tng quan gia in p danh ngha ca h thng cung cp v in p chu
xung danh nh ca thit b c cho trong TCVN 7447-4-44 (IEC 60364-4-443)
Bng G.1 Tng quan gia in p danh ngha ca h thng cung cp v in p chu xung danh nh
ca thit b, trong trng hp bo v qu in p bng b chng st theo IEC 60099-1
Gi tr ln in p danh ngha ca h thng cung cp ( in Gi tr u tin ca in p chu xung danh
nht ca p cch in ca thit b), V nh (1,2/50 ) 2 000 m, kV
in p
Cp qu in p
lm vic
danh nh IV III II I
vi t,
xoay Mc lp Mc mch Mc ti Mc bo
chiu, t ban in phn (thit b) v c
Xoay
u (u phi bit
hiu dng chiu Xoay chiu
hoc mt Xoay chiu hiu dng vo vn
hiu
chiu hoc mt hnh)
hiu dng dng
Xoay chiu hiu hoc mt chiu
V
dng chiu
50 - - 12,5, 24, 1,5 0,8 0,5 0,33
25, 30,
42, 48
100 66/115 66 60 - 2,5 1,5 0,8 0,5
150 120/208 115, 120 110, 120 220-110 4 2,5 1,5 0,8
127/220 127 240-120
300 220/380, 220, 230 220 440-220 6 4 2,5 1,5
230/400
240, 260
240/415,
277
260/440
277/480
600 347/600, 347, 380, 400 480 960-480 8 6 4 2,5
380/660
415, 440, 480

*
Ph lc ny hon ton tng ng vi Ph lc H ca TCVN 6592-1 (IEC 60947-1).
 400/690, 500, 577, 600
415/720
480/830
1 000 - 660 1 000 - 12 8 6 4
690, 720
830, 1 000

Ph lc H
(qui nh)
Tng thch in t (EMC)
H.1 Yu cu chung
Ph lc ny p dng cho tng thch in t i vi t in c lp mch in t khng ph hp vi
7.10.2.
nh s iu trong ph lc ny tng ng vi s iu trong ni dung tiu chun.
H.2 nh ngha
H.2.11.1
Cng (Port)
Giao din ring ca thit b qui nh c mi trng in t bn ngoi (xem Hnh H.1)

Hnh H.1 V d v cc cng

H.2.11.2
Cng v bc (anclosure port)
Bin vt l ca thit b m trng in t c th bc x qua bin ny hoc chm n bin ny.
H.2.11.3
Cng cp (cable port)
Cng ti dy dn hoc cp c ni vi thit b.
CH THCH : V d l cc cng tn hiu c s dng truyn d liu.
H.2.11.4
Cng ni t chc nng (functional earth port)
Cng khng phi l cng tn hiu, cng iu khin hoc cng ngun, c thit k ni t dng cho
cc mc ch khng phi l an ton in.
H.2.11.5
Cng tn hiu (signal port)
Cng ti dy dn hoc cp mang thng tin truyn d liu c ni vi thit b.
CH THCH : V d l knh d liu, mng truyn thng, mng iu khin.
H.2.11.6
Cng ngun (power port)
Cng ti dy dn hoc cp mang cng sut in chnh cn cho hot ng (chc nng) ca thit b
hoc thit b lp cng c ni vi thit b ny.
H.8.2.8 Th nghim EMC
Cc khi chc nng trong t in khng tho mn cc yu cu ca 7.10.2 a) v b) phi chu cc th
nghim di y, nu thuc i tng p dng.
Th nghim pht x v min nhim phi c tin hnh theo tiu chun EMC lin quan (xem Bng H.1,
H.2, H.3 v H.4); tuy nhin, nh ch to phi qui nh bin php b sung no cn kim tra cc tiu ch
tnh nng i vi t in nu cn thit (v d, t thi gian dng).
H.8.2.8.1 Th nghim min nhim
H.8.2.8.1.1 T in khng c mch in t
Khng cn th nghim; xem 7.10.3.1.
H.8.2.8.1.2 T in c mch in t
Th nghim phi c thc hin theo mi trng A hoc B tng quan. Gi tr cho trong Bng H.3
v/hoc H.4, tr trong trng hp nh ch to linh kin in t a ra v chng minh mt mc th
nghim khc.
Nh ch to t in phi ch ra cc tiu ch tnh nng da trn cc tiu ch chp nhn trong Bng H.5.
H.8.2.8.2 Th nghim pht x
H.8.2.8.2.1 T in khng c mch in t
Khng cn th nghim; xem 7.10.4.1.
H.8.2.8.2.2 T in c mch in t
Nh ch to phi qui nh phng php th nghim c s dng; xem 7.10.4.2.
Bng H.1 Gii hn pht x i vi mi trng A
Hng mc Di tn s, MHz a) Gii hn Tiu chun tham kho
30 230 30 dB (V/m) ta nh
30 m b)
Pht x bc x
230 1 000 37 dB (V/m) ta nh
IEC 61000-6-4 hoc
30 m b)
TCVN 6988 (CISPR 11),
0,15 0,5 79 dB (V) ta nh 66 cp A, Nhm 1
dB (V) trung bnh
0,5 5 73 dB (V) ta nh 60
Pht x dn
dB (V) trung bnh
5 - 30 73 dB (V) ta nh 60
dB (V) trung bnh
CH THCH: Gii hn nu trong bng ny c sao chp t TCVN 6988 (CISPR 11) m khng c sa
i.
a)
Ti tn s chuyn i, p dng gii hn di.
b)
C th o khong cch 10 m vi gii hn tng thm 10 dB hoc khong cch 3 m vi gii hn
tng thm 20 dB.
Bng H.2 Gii hn pht x i vi mi trng B
Hng mc Di tn s, MHz a) Gii hn Tiu chun tham kho
Pht x bc x 30 230 30 dB (V/m) ta nh
10 m b)
230 1 000 37 dB (V/m) ta nh
IEC 61000-6-4 hoc
10 m b)
TCVN 6988 (CISPR 11),
Pht x dn 0,15 0,5 66 dB (V) - 56 dB (V) cp B, Nhm 1
ta nh
Gii hn ny tng tuyn
tnh vi loga ca tn s 56 dB (V) 46 dB (V)
trung bnh
0,5 5 56 dB (V) ta nh 46
dB (V) trung bnh
5 - 30 60 dB (V) ta nh 50
dB (V) trung bnh
CH THCH: Gii hn nu trong bng ny c ly t TCVN 6988 (CISPR 11) m khng c sa i.
a)
Ti tn s chuyn i, p dng gii hn di.
b)
C th o khong cch 3 m vi gii hn tng thm 10 dB.
Bng H.3 Th nghim min nhim EMC i vi mi trng A
(xem H.8.2.8.1)
Kiu th nghim Mc th nghim yu cu Tiu ch tnh nng c)
Th nghim min nhim phng 8 khu vc/ phng in trong B
in tnh in IEC 61000-4-2 khng kh hoc 4 kV/ phng
in tip xc
Th nghim min nhim trng 10 V/m A
in t bc x tn s rai
IEC 61000-4-3 80 MHz n 1
GHz v t 1,4 GHz n 2 GHz

Th nghim min nhim qu 2 kV trn cng ngun B

nhanh/bu v in
1 kV trn cng tn hiu k c
IEC 61000-4-4 mch ph
Th nghim min nhim t bin 2 kV (pha-t) B
1,2/50 s v 8/20 s
1 kV (pha-pha)
IEC 61000-4-5 a)
Th nghim min nhim tn s 10 V A
rai dn IEC 61000-4-5 tn
s t 150 kHz n 80 MHz
Min nhim trng t tn s 30 A/m b) A
 cng nghip IEC 61000-4-8
Min nhim st in p v gin Gim 30 % trong 0,5 chu k B
on in p
Gim 60 % trong 5 v 50 chu k C
IEC 61000-4-11
Gim > 95 % trong 250 chu k C
Min nhim hi ca ngun cung Khng c yu cu
cp
IEC 61000-4-13
a)
i vi thit b v/hoc cng u vo/ra c in p mt chiu danh nh nh hn hoc bng 24 V,
khng yu cu th nghim.
b)
Ch p dng cho thit b c cha thit b nhy vi trng t.
c)
Tiu ch tnh nng ty thuc vo mi trng. Xem bng H.5.
Bng H.4 Th nghim min nhim EMC i vi mi trng B
(xem H.8.2.8.1)
Kiu th nghim Mc th nghim yu cu Tiu ch tnh nng c)
Th nghim min nhim phng 8 kV/ phng in trong khng B
in tnh in IEC 61000-4-2 kh hoc 4 kV/ phng in tip
xc
Th nghim min nhim trng 3 V/m A
in t bc x tn s rai
IEC 61000-4-3 80 MHz n 1
GHz v t 1,4 GHz n 2 GHz
Th nghim min nhim qu 1 kV trn cng ngun B
nhanh/bu v in
0,5 kV trn cng tn hiu k c
IEC 61000-4-4 mch ph
Th nghim min nhim t bin 0,5 kV (pha-t) tr i vi B
1,2/50 s v 8/20 s cng u vo cung cp chnh
trong p dng 1 kV (pha-
IEC 61000-4-5 a)
t)
0,5 kV (pha-pha)
Th nghim min nhim tn s 3V A
rai dn IEC 61000-4-6 tn
s t 150 kHz n 80 MHz
Min nhim trng t tn s 3 A/m b) A
cng nghip IEC 61000-4-8
Min nhim st in p v gin Gim 30 % trong 0,5 chu k B
on in p
Gim 60 % trong 5 chu k C
IEC 61000-4-11d)
Gim > 95 % trong 250 chu k C
Min nhim hi ca ngun cung Khng c yu cu
cp
IEC 61000-4-13
a)
i vi thit b v/hoc cng u vo/u ra c in p mt chiu danh nh nh hn hoc bng 24 V,
khng yu cu th nghim.
b)
Ch p dng cho thit b c cha thit b nhy vi trng t.
c)
Tiu ch tnh nng ty thuc vo mi trng. Xem bng H.5.
d)
Ch p dng cho cng ngun vo chnh.
Bng 5 Tiu ch chp nhn khi xut hin nhiu in t
Hng mc Tiu ch chp nhn
(tiu ch tnh nng trong qu trnh th nghim)
A B C
Tnh nng ton b Khng c thay i ng Suy gim hoc tn tht Suy gim hoc tn tht
k v c tnh hot tm thi tnh nng c tm thi tnh nng trong
ng. Lm vic d kin. th t hi phc c. yu cu s can thip
ca ngi vn hnh
hoc t li h thng a)
Hot ng ca mch Khng mt hot ng Suy gim hoc tn tht Suy gim hoc tn tht
cng sut v mch ph tm thi tnh nng c tm thi tnh nng trong
th t hi phc c a) yu cu s can thip
ca ngi vn hnh
hoc t li h thng a)
Hot ng ca b hin Khng c thay i v Thay i nhn thy Tt ngun.
th v panel iu khin thng tin hin th nhn c tm thi, hoc tn
Mt vnh vin hin th
thy c. tht thng tin.
hoc thng tin sai.
Ch dao ng nh ri khng mong
Ch lm vic khng
cng nh sng ca mun ca LED.
c php.
LED, hoc thay i nh
v c tnh. Khng t phc hi.
X l thng tin v hot Truyn thng v trao Truyn thng tin b X l thng tin sai.
ng d tm i d liu n thit b nhiu tm thi, c bo
Mt d liu v/hoc
bn ngoi khng b co sai li ca thit b
thng tin.
nhiu. bn trong v bn ngoi
Li truyn thng.
Khng t phc hi.
a)
Yu cu c th phi c nu chi tit trong tiu chun sn phm.

TH MC TI LIU THAM KHO

IEC 60050-195, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) Part 195: Earthing and protection
against electric shock (T vng k thut in quc t (IEV) Phn 195: Ni t v bo v chng in
git)
IEC 60050-601, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) Chapter 601: Generation, transmission
and distribution of electricity General (T vng k thut in quc t (IEV) Chng 601: Pht in,
truyn in v phn phi in Yu cu chung)
IEC 60050(826), International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) Chapter 826: Electrical installations of
buildings ((T vng k thut in quc t (IEV) Chng 826: H thng lp t in cho cc ta nh)
TCVN 7447-5-53 (IEC 60364-5-537), H thng lp t in cho cc ta nh Phn 5: Chn lc v lp
rp thit b in Chng 53: B ng ct v b iu khin Mc 537: Thit b cch ly v ng ct.
IEC 61000-6-1: 1997, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) Part 6-1: Generic standars Immunity for
residential, commercial and light-industrial environments (Tng thch in t (EMC) Phn 6-1: Tiu
chun chng loi Min nhim i vi mi trng dn c, thng mi v cng nghip nh)
IEC 61000-6-2: 1999, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) Part 6-2: Generic standars Immunity for
industrial environments (Tng thch in t (EMC) Phn 6.2: Tiu chun chng loi Min nhim i
vi mi trng cng nghip)

MC LC
Li ni u
1 Qui nh chung
1.1 Phm vi p dng v i tng
1.2 Ti liu vin dn
2 nh ngha
2.1 nh ngha chung
2.2 Khi kt cu ca t in
2.3 Thit k bn ngoi ca t in
2.4 B phn kt cu ca t in
2.5 iu kin lp t t in
2.6 Bin php bo v lin quan n in git
2.7 Li bn trong t in
2.8 Chc nng in t
2.9 Phi hp cch in
2.10 Dng in ngn mch
2.11 Tng thch in t
3 Phn loi t in
4 c trng v in ca t in
4.1 in p danh nh
4.2 Dng in danh nh (In) (ca mt mch in trong t in)
4.3 Dng in chu th ngn hn danh nh (Icw) (ca mt mch in trong t in)
4.4 Dng in chu th nh danh nh (Ipk) (ca mt mch in trong t in)
4.5 Dng in ngn mch danh nh c iu kin (I cc) (ca mt mch in trong t in)
4.6 Dng in ngn mch danh nh c cu chy (I cf) (ca mt mch in trong t in)
4.7 H s a dng danh nh
4.8 Tn s danh nh
5 Cc thng tin cn nu lin quan n t in
5.1 Tm thng s
5.2 Ghi nhn
5.3 Hng dn lp t, vn hnh v bo tr
6 iu kin vn hnh
6.1 iu kin vn hnh bnh thng
6.2 iu kin vn hnh c bit
6.3 Cc iu kin vn chuyn, bo qun v lp rp
7 Thit k v kt cu
7.1 Thit k v c
7.2 V t v cp bo v bng v ngoi
7.3 tng nhit
7.4 Bo v chng in git
7.5 Bo v ngn mch v bn chu ngn mch
7.6 Thit b ng ct v linh kin lp trong t in
7.7 Phn cch bn trong t in bng tm chn hoc vch ngn
7.8 Mi ni in bn trong t in: thanh ci v dy bc cch in
7.9 Yu cu i vi mch cung cp loi thit b in t
7.10 Tng thch in t (EMC)
7.11 M t cc loi mi ni in ca cc khi chc nng
8 Yu cu k thut ca th nghim
8.1 Phn loi cc th nghim
8.2 Th nghim in hnh
8.3 Th nghim thng xuyn
Ph lc A (qui nh) Mt ct nh nht v ln nht ca dy ng thch hp u ni
Ph lc B (qui nh) Phng php tnh din tch mt ct ca dy bo v lin quan n ng sut nhit
do dng in ngn hn
Ph lc C ( xa)
Ph lc D (tham kho) Dng cch ly bn trong
Ph lc E (tham kho) Hng mc cn c thon thun gia nh ch to v ngi s dng
Ph lc F (qui nh) o chiu di ng r v khe h khng kh
Ph lc G (qui nh) Tng quan gia in p danh ngha ca h thng cung cp v in p chu xung
danh nh ca thit b
Ph lc H (qui nh) Tng thch in t (EMC)
Th mc ti liu tham kho