103-141 100

Dharma Drum Journal of Buddhist Studies, no. 8, pp. 103-141 (2011)

New Taipei City: Dharma Drum Buddhist College 103
ISSN: 1996-8000

-
jeyvaraa
ab
c

avidy ajna
aklia-avidyaklia-ajna

1
23
4
5

* 2011/01/032011/03/01
9
104 100

 105

ajnaavidy

ajna

jeyvaraa

avidy

106 100

jeyvaraa of pthag-jana

Realism

jeyvaraa of rya

 107

analogical

50
Alex WaymanBimal K. Matilal

avidy
ajna

Yoga-stra

1 Yoga

1 S. Dasgupta, A History of Indian Philosophy (Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publisher,

1975), vol. 3, pp. 305-346
theodicy
108 100

Vaieika

1957
The Meaning of Unwisdom
(Avidy)
S. DasguptaA
History of Indian Philosophy 1 ajna

avidy

ajnaavidy
vidy 3

4

Ignorance or Misconception? A Note on Avidy in Buddhism

2 Alex Wayman, The Meaning of Unwisdom (Avidy), Philosophy East and West, vol. 7
(1), pp. 21-26 p. 22
3 Richard H. Jones, Vidy and Avidy in the Iwa Upanisad, Philosophy East and West,
vol. 31, no. 1, p. 79.
4 B. K. Matilal, Ignorance or Misconception? A Note on Avidy in Buddhism, S.
Balasooriya etc (ed.), Buddhist Studies in Honour of Walpola Rahula (London:
Gordon Fraser, 1980), p. 163.
 109

5 avidy

Walpola
Rahula
A. K. WarderR. Robinson
ignorance ignorance
misconception avidy
avijja misconceptionignorance

Agnosticism

avidy 6
avidy
avidy
avijj grammar
semantic

samsa
tat-pururaavyaybhvabahu-vrhi

avidy negativeprefix

5 B. K. Matilal, Ignorance or Misconception?, Buddhist Studies in Honour of W.

Rahula, p. 154.
6 B. K. Matilal, Ignorance or Misconception?, Buddhist Studies in Honour of W.
Rahula, p. 155.
110 100

a=na vidyPatajaliPini-
stra na a-brhmaatat-
purura

7
Jaini
PadamabhsPraj and
Di in Vaibhika Abhidharma
amitra aputra
kuputra abhry
kubhryavidy
kuprajkuvidy8
vidy
paca-vidy
9

avyaybhva
avaya
prva-pada-pradhna

ignorance

7 B. K. Matilal, Ignorance or Misconception?, Buddhist Studies in Honour of W.

Rahula, p. 156.
8 Padamabh S. Jaini, Praj and Drsti in Vaibhasika Abhidharma, Lewis Lancaster and
Luis O. Gmez (ed.), Prajpramit and Related Systems: Studies in Honor of
Edward Conze, Berkeley Buddhist Studies Series 1 (Berkeley: University of California,
1977), p. 404.
9 B. K. Matilal, Ignorance or Misconception?, Buddhist Studies in Honour of W.
Rahula, p. 156.
 111

saskrapratyaya
10
ajna ignorance
bahuvrhi
avidy
vidy
vidy

11
mithy-ti
12

avidy

kleaanuayasrava
avidy klea-
mahbhmikamoha

10 B. K. Matilal, Ignorance or Misconception?, Buddhist Studies in Honour of W.

Rahula, p. 156.
11 B. K. Matilal, Ignorance or Misconception?, Buddhist Studies in Honour of W.
Rahula, p. 157.
12 B. K. Matilal, Ignorance or Misconception?, Buddhist Studies in Honour of W.
Rahula, p. 159.
112 100

ku-praj13

14

avidyajna

aklia-ajna

Abhidharma-mahavibh-stra
15

13 B. K. Matilal, Ignorance or Misconception?, Buddhist Studies in Honour of W.

Rahula, pp. 160-161.
14 B. K. Matilal, Ignorance or Misconception?, Buddhist Studies in Honour of W.
Rahula, pp. 162-163.
15 K. L. Dhammajoti, The Defects in the Arhats Enlightenment: His Aklia-ajna and
 113

16

mithy-jna
avidy
kliamithy

17

aklia-ajna
Abhidharmakoa

tath hi e buddhadharmevativiprakadeakleu crtheu

Vsan, Buddhist StudiesBukkyo Kenky

, vol. 27, p. 67
16 27 1545 42 25- 1
17 27 1545 78 8
114 100

anantaprabhedeu ca bhavatyevkliamajnam //18

19

20

ajnabhtrthadarana
andhakra
klia-samoha

akliamajnam


21

klistamajnam
22 avidyaklistavidy

18 Akira Hirakawa (ed.), in collaboration with Shunei Hirai, Index to the

Abhidharmakoabhya, Abidatsuma Kusharon Sakuin (Tky: Daiz Shuppan,
1973-1978) =
1973-1978, vol. 3, Tibetan-Sanskrit (Peking edition), p. 81
19 29 1559 161 17-18
20 29 1558 1 17-19
21 29 1558 1 13-23
22 Akira Hirakawa (ed.), in collaboration with Shunei Hirai, Index to the
Abhidharmakoabhya = Abidatsuma Kusharon Sakuin (Tky: Daiz Shuppan,
1973-1978) =
 115

nyon mongs
23
pa can ma yin pai mi shes pa

aklia-ajna
aklia ajna
aklia
24
aklia-apatti25
klia-apatti ajna j
a- ajna
26

-

ajna
andhakrabhtrtha
daranaajna
avidyaklia-ajna

1973-1978, vol. 3, Tibetan-Sanskrit (Peking edition), p. 81

23 dDe dgen. 4090, 26a6
24 1940
1979 5 aklia klia
a- klia klea a-
25 30 1579 870
26 17
116 100

27
SaghabhadraNyynusra
Abhidharma-samayapradpika

28

29

27

28
1968 695
29 29 1562 501 23-502 3
29 1563
844 16-29
 117

svalakaa
smnyalakaa

avidy

118 100

30

sarvaj

sarvaj

31

32
ansrava-jna-darana
ajnamithy-di
avidyajna

30 29 1562 778 28-779 8

31 K. L. Dhammajoti, The Defects in the Arhats Enlightenment: His Aklia-ajna and
Vsan, Buddhist Studies, vol. 27, p. 67.
32 K. L. Dhammajoti, The Defects in the Arhats Enlightenment, p. 68.
 119

1
2

3
4

YogcrabhmiAsaga
Mahynasagraha-stra Madhynta-
Vibhga-bhyaSthiramati, 470-550
Triik-
vijapti-bhya

33

33 30 1579 478 25
30 1579 562 8-13 30
1579 573 22
30 1579 702 1-7
30 1579 730 7- 5
120 100

34

35

36

34 30 1579 478 22-26

35 30 1579 573 22-23
36 30 1579 733 2-3
 121

37

38

37 31 1594 145 23-26 10-13

38 31 1585 52 13-14
122 100

39
ma rig pa40Re-construct
41 avidy42
ma rig pa di yang nyan thos rnams kyi ni nyon
mongs pa can ma yin gyi43 ma rig pa44
dharmadhtv avidy-iyam aklia da adh-vti
avidy
nyon mongs pa can ma yin pai ma rig pa

aklia-ajna 45 nyon
mongs pa can ma yin pai mi shes pa 46 non-afflicted obstructing,
unafflicted ignorance47
nyon mongs pa can ma yin

ma rig pa
nyon mongs pa can ma yin pai mi shes pa

39 31 1594 145 10-13

40 2001 73-
74
41
57-62 1982-1987 79-80165
42 157
43 80
44 165
45
1966 811986 1
46 37-38
47 S. Anacker, Seven Works of Vasubandhu: The Buddhist Psychological Doctor (Delhi:
Motilal Banarsidass Publishers, 1984), pp. 229-230.
 123

nyon mongs pa can ma yin pai ma rig

pa48
aklia-avidy

avidy
ajnaaklia-ajna
aklia-ajna
avidyajna
- aklia-ajna

aklia-ajna ajna

ajna avidy
Paramrtha, 499-569

49

avidyajna

48
49 31 1599 454 19
124 100

Triik-vijapti-bhya

jeyvaraamapi sarvsmin jeye jnapravttipratibandhabhtam

aklitama jnam/ tasmin prahe sarvkre jeyesaktamapratihatam
ca jnam pravar-tata ityatah sarvajatvamadhigamyate /

50

akliama jnam
51
nyon mongs pa can ma yin pai
sum cu pai grel pa
mi shes pa52 aklia-ajna

53 ajna mi shes pa

50 K. N. Chatterjee, Vasubandhus Vijapti-matrata-siddhi with Sthiramatis

Commentary (India: Kishor Vidya Niketan, 1980), pp. 31-32
transliteration
1980 153
51
1952 4
52
1933
1957 2
53 1023
 125

avidy ma rig pa
Bandhuprabh
Buddhabhmi-stra-stra

54

55

54 26 1530 291 11-13

55 26 1530 310 19-20
126 100

aklia-ajna

aklia-ajna

56

56 26 1530 323 18-19

 127

57
58

59
avidyvsabhmi
60

61

62
63

57 31 1585 45 4-5
58 31 1585 55 21
59 71 2312 69 14-15
1931
1998 36
60 71 2312 78 4-6
101-102
61 55 888 345 15-16
62 1935
2005 51-53
63 51-53
128 100

64

65

66

64
dge lugs pajam dbyangs bzhad
pa ngag dbang brtson grus, 1648-1721
65 30 1579 733 2-3
66 31 1585 24 22- 2
 129

67

67 31 1585 54 22-24
130 100

68

69

68
31 1585 52 -53
69 31 1585 45 11- 11
31 1585
55 21-22
 131

45a-b
praidhna
karmasasra
70

apratihitanirva

bodhimaha
bodhi 71

72

70 31 1585 55 21-22
71 31 1585 45 11
31 1585 51 8
31 1585 53 2554 2155
72 31 1585 54 18-20
132 100

73

73 31 1585 24 3-5
 133

anivtvykta

anivtanivta
74

nivtavykta
nivta

anivta

vykta
avykta

74 26 1530 323 13-17

134 100

nivtvykta

anivtvykrta

75

76

75 31 1585 9 21-29
76 1955
367Francis Cook (trans.), Three Texts on Consciousness Only: Demonstration of
Consciousness Only (by Hsan-tsang), BDK English Tripitaka 60-I, II, III (Berkeley,
 135

darana-mrga
ryagotra
77

78

Calif.: Numata Center for Buddhist Translation and Research, 1999), p. 323; Tat Wei
(trans.), Cheng Wei Shih Lun: Doctrine of Mere Consciousness (Hong Kong: Cheng
Wei Shih Lun Publication Committee, 1973), p. 727.
77 31 1585 52 22-25
78 31 1585 8 15-22
136 100

79

80

79 26 1530 312 1-5

80 26 1530 311 3-4
 137

mission
Bodhisattva

Upsaka-ila-stra

138 100

81

81 24 1488 1052
 139

1924-1935
1975
24 1488

26 1530

27 1545

29 1558

29 1562

29 1563
30 1579

31 1585

31 1594

31 1599
71 2312
55 888
1994-2005
dDe dge1934

1966
811986
1973-1978

1952
1957

1998

1982-1987

140 100

2005
1979

1955
1980

1968

Anacker, S. 1984. Seven Works of Vasubandhu: The Buddhist Psychological Doctor.

Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers.
Chatterjee, K. N. 1980. Vasubandhus Vijapti-mtrat-siddhi with Sthiramatis
Commentary. India: Kishor Vidya Niketan.
Cook, Francis, trans. 1999. Three Texts on Consciousness Only: Demonstration of
Consciousness Only, BDK English Tripiaka. Berkeley, Calif.: Numata
Center for Buddhist Translation and Research.
Dasgupta, S. 1975. A History of Indian Philosophy. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass
Publisher.
Dhammajoti, K. L. 1998. The Defects in the Arhats Enlightenment: His Aklia-
ajna and Vsan. Buddhist Studies, vol. 27, pp. 65-98.
Hirakawa, Akira, ed. 1973-1978. Index to the Abhidharmakoabhya. Tky:
Daiz Shuppan.
Jaini, Padamabh S. 1977. Praj and ti in Vaibhaika Abhidharma. Lewis
Lancaster and Luis O. Gmez (ed.). Prajpramit and Related Systems:
Studies in Honor of Edward Conze, Berkeley Buddhist Studies Series 1.
Berkeley: University of California.
Jones, Richard H. 1981. Vidy and Avidy in the Iwa Upanisad. Philosophy East
and West, vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 78-80.
Matilal, B. K. 1980. Ignorance or Misconception? A Note on Avidy in Buddhism.
S. Balasooriya etc (ed.). Buddhist Studies in Honour of Walpola Rahula.
London: Gordon Fraser.
Wei, Tat, trans. 1973. Cheng Wei Shih Lun: Doctrine of Mere Consciousness. Hong
Kong: Cheng Wei Shih Lun Publication Committee.
Wayman, Alex. 1957. The Meaning of Unwisdom (Avidy). Philosophy East and
West, vol. 7 (1), pp. 21-26.
 141

Is Obstruction of Knowledge Misconception or Not-knowing?

From the Perspectives of East Asian Vijnavda and Indo-Tibetan
Mdhyamika (Part I)

Lau Lawrence Y. K.
Associate Professor
School of Philosophy, Fudan University, Shanghai

Abstract
This article is a study of the nature of obstruction of knowledge (jeyvaraa) as
presented in both East Asian Vijnavda and with Indo-Tibetan Mdhyamika. It is
my final chapter on this topic and aims at answering the following questions: (a) Is
jeyvaraa is afflicted or non-afflicted? (b) If it is afflicted, in what sense is it
afflicted, and how is it related to misconception (avidy) and non-afflicted not-
knowing (aklia-ajna)? (c) How is the problem of the nature of jeyvaraa
related to the distinctive missions of Hinyna and Mahyna Buddhism?
This study compares and contrasts the following two pairs of key concepts:
first, avidy and ajna and second, aklia-avidy and aklia-ajna as
presented in Sanskrit as well as Tibetan sources. The article is divided into two
parts. Part One addresses the concept of aklia-ajna in the East Asian
Vijnavda tradition. It discusses the problem of the nature of jeyvaraa by
contrasting the concepts of avidy and ajna found in Sectarian Buddhism, Early
Yogcra in India, and the East Asian Vijnavda as introduced by Xuanzang. This
part includes five sections: (1) An introduction to my two-fold theory on
jeyvaraa of East Asian Vijnavda. (2) Grammatical analysis of the terms
avidy and ajna. (3) A discussion of Sectarian Buddhisms two-typed
classification of ajna. (4) A discussion of avidy and aklia-ajna according to
Early Yogcra stras. (5) An exploration of how, the problematic nature of
jeyvaraa is addressed in the Chengweishi Lun and the *Buddhabhmi-stra-
stra by contrasting the concepts of avidy and aklia-ajna.
Keywords: jeyvaraa; avidy; ajna; aklia-avidy; aklia-ajna