S m v s th t trong Hn ng hin i

V c bn, cch s dng s m v s th t khng khc nhau

lm gia Hn ng c i v Hn ng hin i. S m gn
thm ch (d, ) th thnh s th t. Th d: nht l
mt, (dy, nht) l th nht; (sh, thp) l 10,
(dsh, thp) l th 10. V vy y chng ta ch cn
tp trung vo s m trong Hn ng hin i.
Ch : Cc ch Hn y c hai phin m: Pinyin v Hn Vit.
Qu v nn c bi Pht m Bc Kinh) trc khi hc cc bi Hn
ng hin i. Khi c cc ch s sau y, cn nh lut bin i
thanh iu: v + v = / + v .

Cc s c bn l:
S khng ( 0 ): (lng, linh)
S m t 1 n 10:
1 (y, nht)
2 (r, nh) = (ling, lng)
3 (sn, tam)
4 (s, t)
5 (w, ng)
6 (li, lc)
7 (q, tht)
8 (b, bt)
9 (ji, cu)
10 (sh, thp)
100 (ybi, nht bch)
1000 (yqin, nht thin)
10.000 (ywn, nht vn)

11 (shy, thp nht)

12 (shr, thp nh)
13 (shsn, thp tam)
14 (shs, thp t)
15 (shw, thp ng)
16 (shli, thp lc)
17 (shq, thp tht)
18 (shb, thp bt)
19 (shji, thp cu)
 20 (rsh, nh thp)
21 (rshy, nh thp nht)
22 (rshr, nh thp nh)
23 (rshsn, nh thp tam)
24 (rshs, nh thp t)
25 (rshw, nh thp ng)
26 (rshli, nh thp lc)
27 (rshq, nh thp tht)
28 (rshb, nh thp bt)
29 (rshji, nh thp cu)
30 (snsh, tam thp)
40 (ssh, t thp)
50 (wsh, ng thp)
60 (lish, lc thp)
70 (qsh, tht thp)
80 (bsh, bt thp)
90 (jish, cu thp)
100 (ybi, nht bch)
200 (rbi, nh bch)
300 (snbi, tam bch)
400 (sbi, t bch)
500 (wbi, ng bch)
600 (libi, lc bch)
700 (qbi, tht bch)
800 (bbi, bt bch)
900 (jibi, cu bch)
1000 (yqin, nht thin)
10.000 (ywn, nht vn)
30.000 (snwn, tam vn)
500.000 (wshwn, ng thp vn)
3.000.000 (snbiwn, tam bch vn) ...

Qui tc:
58 (= 50 + 8) (wshb, ng thp bt)
 109 (= 100 + 9) (ybi lngji, nht bch linh
cu)
918 (= 900 + 18) (jibi shb, cu bch thp
bt)
2530 (=2000 + 500 + 30) (rqin wbi
snsh, nh thin ng bch tam thp)
10.594 (= 10.000 + 594) (ywn
wbi jishs, nht vn ng bch cu thp t)
200.357 (= 20x10.000 + 357)
(rshwn snbi wshq, nh thp vn tam bch ng
thp tht)

Ch :
ling v r u l hai (2) nhng hai ch ny c
dng khc bit:
[1] Ta ch dng r :
+ khi m s: , , , , v. v...
+ s th t: , , , , v. v...
+ dng trc s 10: (rsh= 20);
(rbirshr = 222), v. v...
+ trong s thp phn v phn s:
0.2 = (lng din r, linh im nh).
2/3 = (sn fn zh r, tam phn chi nh).
[2] Ta ch dng ling trc lng t:
+ (lingge rn, lng c nhn): 2 ngi.
+ (lingzhng pio, lng trng phiu): 2 ci
v.
[3] Ta dng r hay ling trc qin (thin= 1000),
wn (vn= 10 ngn).
Ni nm v s in thoi th ta c ri tng ch s. S 0 c
l lng:
 nm 1990: y ji ji lng.
nm 2000: r lng lng lng.
nm 2006: r lng lng li.
i vi s phng v s in thoi, s 1 thng c l yo.
s in thoi 339013: sn sn ji lng yo
sn.
s phng 108 (mt linh tm): yo lng b.
Thc hnh
Hy vit ln xn mi ch s Rp c bn (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
6, 7, 8, 9) theo ct ng. Ri c chng t trn xung, hoc
t di ln. c s chng 10 ln theo th t trn xung
hoc di ln; ri vit li chng bng ch Hn. Vy l ta
c v vit thng mi s c mt ch s.
Ri vit tip ln xn mi ch s c bn na thnh mt ct
st pha sau (hoc pha trc) ct va ri. Nh vy ta
vit mi con s c hai ch s. Hy c chng t trn
xung, hoc t di ln.
Ri vit tip ln xn mi ch s c bn na thnh mt ct
st pha sau (hoc pha trc) hai ct va ri. Nh vy ta
vit mi con s c ba ch s. Hy c chng t trn
xung, hoc t di ln.
Cng cch thc ny, ta s ln lt vit mi con s c bn
ch s (nm ch s, su ch s, v.v...). c chng t trn
xung, hoc t di ln.
B sung:
d j ( k ) = th my?
d sh ( thp) = th mi.
du sho (a thiu) = bao nhiu?
r fn zh y (nh phn chi nht) = (nht bn)
= 1/2
s fn zh sn (t phn chi tam) = 3/4
lng din w (linh im ng ) = 0.5 (vit
theo VN l 0,5)
y din r sn (nht im nh tam )
= 1.23 (vit theo VN l 1,23)
y shung (nht song ) = mt i.
y du (nht i ) = mt i.
y d (nht ) = mt t (= 12 ci)
bn d (bn ) = na t (= 6 ci).
 y bi g (nht bch c ) = 100 ci.
sh g (thp c ) = 10 ci.
bn g (bn c ) = na ci.