Scoring 9 in

IELTS Writing
V Hi ng

1
Contents
Tng hp Phng php hc
iu quan trng nht ........................................................................................................................................................ 7
c l k nng m ............................................................................................................................................................. 9
K thut: nh du v ghi chp trong khi v sau khi c ............................................................................................... 10
Reading K thut: Keyword table ................................................................................................................................. 11
Nhng cun b kp thn k ........................................................................................................................................... 12
Hng dn cch c bi cha ........................................................................................................................................ 15
Nhn bit key words trong bi................................................................................................................................... 15
Hng dn cch tm - phn tch trnh lc ....................................................................................................... 15
Hng dn pht trin theo critical thinking................................................................................................................. 15
Rn luyn kh nng tp trung th thi ........................................................................................................................... 16
5 tiu ch VNG cn t khi vit...................................................................................................................................... 17
The Power of Choice: 200% chc chn v t vng s dng ........................................................................................... 18
Mi lc lm mt vic, ng chng vic ny sang vic kia .............................................................................................. 19
B kp NP t vng .......................................................................................................................................................... 20
Cc cch m u mt cu/mnh ............................................................................................................................... 21
Cc mu cu phc ph bin nht ................................................................................................................................... 22
Du cu: phy, chm, chm phy (, . ;) ........................................................................................................................... 23
Du cu khng nn dng: hi chm, chm than, hai chm ............................................................................................ 23
Hng dn lm bi Full Test ........................................................................................................................................... 24
Chin thut lm bi: Qun l thi gian ....................................................................................................................... 26
Phn b thi gian cho tng task ................................................................................................................................. 26
Micro-writing: luyn tp sc bn hng ngy .............................................................................................................. 27
Hng dn luyn tp hng ngy Task 2 ...................................................................................................................... 28
Vit 1 mch ..................................................................................................................................................................... 29
K thut Vit bng my ................................................................................................................................................... 29
Hng dn Vit Task 1
Task 1: Golden rules ........................................................................................................................................................ 31
Cch to LEGO bricks trong Task 1.................................................................................................................................. 31
Hng dn vit M bi cho IELTS Writing Task 1 ........................................................................................................... 33
Task 1: Pie chart language tools ................................................................................................................................... 34
Bar charts: ngn ng cn dng ....................................................................................................................................... 38
Line graph: Nhng cch din t cn dng cho line grap............................................................................................... 41
Table of figures: Tm l bnh tnh ................................................................................................................................... 46
Pie | Bar | Line Review.................................................................................................................................................... 48

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 Cch din t khong thi gian trong Task 1 .......................................................................................................... 48
Cch din t tui ....................................................................................................................................................... 48
Maps................................................................................................................................................................................ 49
Diagrams ......................................................................................................................................................................... 58
Task 1: nhng lu quan trng ...................................................................................................................................... 62

Hng dn Vit Task 2

P-E-E l g? ....................................................................................................................................................................... 65
Task 2: CHECKLIST TRC KHI VIT ................................................................................................................................ 65
Cha kha brainstorming thnh cng: hy lm nhng vic sau ................................................................................. 67
Hng dn cch KHA .............................................................................................................................................. 68
M bi cho IELTS Writing Task 2 ..................................................................................................................................... 68
Cc dng ph bin ca IELTS Writing Task 2 .............................................................................................................. 70
Template dng bi Phn tch C thun li v bt li .................................................................................................. 71
Template dng bi SO SNH thun li v bt li (Do the pros outweigh the cons?) ................................................. 75
Template dng bi Phn tch 2 lung kin v hi kin ca th sinh (Discuss both these views and give your
opinion) ....................................................................................................................................................................... 78
Template dng bi Bn ng hay khng ng ? (To what extent do you agree or disagree?) ............................. 82
Template dng bi Cu hi vn (problems & solutions) ........................................................................................ 84
Task 2: nhng lu quan trng ...................................................................................................................................... 88

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Tha qu v hc vin,

Cm n qu v la chn IELTS Kungfu. Cho mng qu v n vi gio trnh u tin ca

IELTS Kungfu gio trnh ny c bin son h thng ha cc bi ging trn lp qu v
hc vin tin tra cu trong qu trnh hc.

t hiu qu cao nht trong vic hc, qu v hy s dng gio trnh theo hng dn sau:
Tra cu mc lc tm phn ni dung cn hc
In ti liu ra c th tra cu d dng nht khi hc

Qua qu trnh dy hc, ti nhn ra hai iu quan trng gip cho mt s hc vin thnh cng
vt tri v mun chia s mt s b kp ca h.

u tin, nhng hc vin thnh cng h khng t chy giai on h hiu rng iu quan
trng nht l mi ngy qua i phi np cho mnh mt phrase mi v hiu thu o cch dng
phrase ny, khng c con ng tt no c. V vy, thay v hc vt tip ny, b kp n, h chm ch
c ting Anh, hiu ting Anh v tch ly vn ling qua tng ngy. H i tng bc chm v chc
chn.

Th hai, h nht quyt thay i thi quen vit di dng v khng r mc d vic b thi quen
n su bn r ny v cng kh. H quyt tm vit cu ngn gn, gin d lun bit r bn thn
mun ni g v quyt tm vit c iu ra. H vit rt chm, ln m tng cu nhng h hiu
l vic cn phi lm, khng c cch no khc c. H bit rng, nu khng lm c vic ny,
c b bao nhiu tin i hc, c nghe bao nhiu li hay p, chc chn cng s khng c tin b
no ht.

Cui cng, h khng bao gi m u vo tng v x v bn thn l ngu si hay km ci. H lun
thy vui vi nhng iu mi m ting Anh mang n cho h - h khng so snh mnh vi ai. H
hiu rng, hc ting Anh l hiu bit v m ra con ng di pha trc, ch khng phi ch v
tham vng 8 im IELTS ngay ngy mai. H i chm li hiu hn nhng g h c hoc nghe
bng ting Anh, h tn hng tng khonh khc ca cuc sng giu c hn v cm xc v
tng mi h tin rng mi l ch n ca vic hc ting Anh. H khng nh i nhng iu
bng tm l cp tc v n xi khi hc IELTS.

Mt ln na, trn trng cm n qu v tin tng la chn IELTS Kungfu. Ti chn thnh xin li
qu v v nhng hn ch v thiu st xy ra trong qu trnh ging dy.

Trn trng cm n,

V Hi ng

Lu : IELTS Kungfu trn trng ngh qu v KHNG pht tn ti liu ny trn mng hoc qua
cc hnh thc khc. Ti liu ny l mt phn gi tr ca kha hc m qu v b tin ra mua,
hy dng n cho ring mnh. Quan trng hn, trong thi bui bo l e-books hin nay, bt c mt
n phm no mi cng rt d b mt tch v b x, v l iu ti khng mun xy ra.

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 Hon thnh vic c
GRAMMAR BIBLE cng
sm cng tt*

Hy c ngay gio trnh

Vit, ng i thy bo mi
c

Bn cn c v nghe hng
ngy v KHNG C
DNG li

Khi c v nghe bn cn
THC S HIU
*Khi c gio trnh ng php, bn hy s dng k thut ci u nh. K thut ci u nh l c m tuyt i
KHNG ghi nh hay hc thuc nhn mnh ch tuyt i khng.

Bn ch cn c hiu, khng hiu th nh du li hi cho bng hiu, thy ch no hay v mnh cha bit th
nh du li sau d tra cu. Vic c ny l hiu, bit tm n u, tra cu li khi thc hnh cc k
nng ting Anh, tuyt i KHNG HC THUC.
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 Quan trng:
Tng hp
Phng php hc

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iu quan trng nht

Thi gian l th dng nh mi th sinh thi IELTS u thiu. Nhng chnh thi gian li l yu t quyt nh
bn gii hay bn lng nhng, bn im cao hay bn im thp, bn hc thc hay hc go. V vy, ng vi
hc bt c ci g nu bn thc s khng dnh c thi gian cho n. IELTS cng ging nh tnh yu vy,
nu khng dnh thi gian cho ngi mnh yu, ng trch ai ht khi ngi b mnh ra i.

Vi IELTS, yu t thi gian c th hin qua hai quy trnh - nhanh v chm.

Quy trnh Nhanh

Nhanh l khi th sinh thc hin bi thi theo ng iu kin thi c, vic ny s gip th sinh rn luyn tc ,
quen vi p lc phng thi v bit trnh thc t ca mnh. Vi k nng Vit v Ni, quy trnh Nhanh ny
cng gip th sinh to ra mt sn phm hon thin (bi essay hay bn ghi m bi ni), thay v va vit va
sa, va ni va dn vt bn thn. Va vit va sa hay va ni va vt v l mt thi quen c hi, kh
sa khi thnh tt.

Quy trnh Chm

Cn Chm l khi th sinh dnh thi gian khng gii hn thc s hiu v ngm; quy trnh ny din ra
sau quy trnh Nhanh. y l lc th sinh s tm cu tr li cho nhng cu hi cha c tr li quy trnh
Nhanh. Thay v gi p n xem ngay cu tr li, th sinh s t mnh tm bng c cu tr li trc.
Thay v vi vng ng sch v li trong khi bi lun cn y tng dang d hay thiu thuyt phc, th
sinh s ngm ngi, c thm ti liu, hi b m bn b hon thin tng tng thc s
thuyt phc v dng c.

Hy nh, chnh quy trnh Chm s gip bn hiu c bn cht vn v thc s cm c ting Anh.
Lc ny, khng ai bt bn phi i nhanh, iu quan trng l hiu v mi th hin ln sng r nh mt tri.
C th khi kt thc quy trnh Chm, vn cn c th bn khng hiu hoc cm thy cha sng t, nhng
quan trng l bn thc s bit mnh khng hiu ch no, v bn c th nhanh chng ch ra n hi thy,
hi bn. iu ny l rt quan trng v mt trong nhng l do khin th sinh chm tin b l h thng
khng bit mnh phi hi ci g, mi th c ln ln vo nhau thnh mt m bng bong.

Vi IELTS, hy ng dng quy trnh Chm nh sau:

Writing: sau quy trnh Nhanh, hy dnh thi gian hon thin tng dang d hoc tm mi nu
trong bi thiu v mng. Ngoi ra, hy dng cng c magic wand ca IELTS Kungfu tm cch din t
c nhng tng cha thot trong bi vit. V hy dnh thi gian sp xp li tng; mt sai lm ln
ca th sinh l coi nh vic sp xp li tng bi v, nhiu khi, ch mt ng tc chuyn v tr cc , b tr
li du cu m tng s tr nn mch lc v thng minh hn nhiu.

Speaking: hy dnh thi gian nghe li bn ghi m bi Speaking ca mnh; khi nghe li, thay v x v bn
thn rng sao ging tm th hay sao m nhiu th, hy nghe li vi tm l bnh thn, ghi li nhng
th nn sa, s dng bi hc Perfect Answer ca IELTS Kungfu tm ra cch din t tt nht, Ty
nht cho mt vi mnh din t cha ra trong bi ni.

Reading & Listening: nu bn n theo kiu lm bi - check p n - ng sch li, bn s kh tin b

hai k nng ny. V th, hy thay i mt cht v s dng quy trnh sau y:

Bc 1: Lm bi theo Quy trnh Nhanh

Bc 2: Cha vi s dng t in, t tm p n cho nhng cu hi cha lm c ca Quy trnh
Nhanh
Bc 3: S dng t in tr gip hon thnh nhng cu vn cha lm c
Bc 4: Check p n

Cui cng, hy nh rng thi gian, hay ng hn l cch s dng thi gian l yu t then cht quyt nh
s thnh cng ca bn. Mc ch cui cng ca vic ny l hiu, cm nhn v thc s chm vo ting
Anh.

Hy cho ting Anh thi gian v ting Anh s cho bn c mt th gii bao la rng m.

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Bottom line: bn cn nh hiu hon ton khng ng ngha vi nh - bn hiu ton b bi c khng
c ngha l bn cn nh mi th trong bi c. n gin l v hiu v nh l hai vic hon ton khc
nhau - bn c th hiu 10, 100 hoc 1000 nhng nh th ch cn 1 m thi. V vy, hy ghi nh iu cui
cng nhng rt quan trng ca bi hc ny:

Mi ngy tri qua, hy ch cn ghi nh mt v ch mt phrase l c; vi phrase ny, phi bo m bit

3 iu sau: bit c, bit vit v bit dng.

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c l k nng m
Hng dn cch c ng

c l yu t then cht gip bn thnh cng trong vic luyn thi IELTS, v th, lm sao c ng l rt
quan trng. c ng s gip bn hiu, khi hiu bn s yu thch vic c; ngc li c sai cch s khin
bn khng hiu v mau chn. Bi hc ny s hng dn bn nhng thi quen hnh thnh cch c
ng.

c ng, bn cn thc s trung thc vi bn thn, hiu l hiu, khng hiu l khng hiu. Nu khng
hiu m bn c tnh p mnh rng hnh nh cng hiu th vic ny cng nguy him nh giu dt, ngi
khc c mun gip cng khng th gip c (v c bit u m gip). V th, khi c, hy sn mt
chic bt ch s dng trong nhng trng hp sau:

Khng hiu (k c sau khi tra Google v t in) - nh du ?

Thy hay v rung ng - nh du ! hoc *

c ng, bn cn hc cch c chm. Hy nh, y khng phi l mt cuc ua v bn cng khng

phi ang ngi trong phng thi, v th, nhanh chm khng phi l vn . iu quan trng l hiu v cm
nhn - nu vn bn d c, bn c th i bng bng m khng vp vp g; nhng nu vn bn kh c,
bn s c th phi dng li tra t in hoc Google cho thng sut, v ri c th bn li s phi dng
li ngay sau tra tip. Vic dng li ny s khin cho vic c mt thi gian hn, y l vic hon
ton t nhin. iu quan trng l bn hiu - c hiu th mi c cm nhn, c cm nhn th mi i ng
di c.

c ng, bn cn gi vic c c lin mch, trnh ngt qung qu lu. Nhng qung ngh tra t
in l chp nhn c nhng nu nhng vic khc xen vo nh xem Facebook hay ghi chp li
nhng cm din t hay th bn s d b out khi khng gian ca bi c hay cun sch, t mt i s
tp trung cn thit gip ko di vic c. V vy, thay v cm ci ghi ghi chp chp, hy lu li nhng ch
hay bng k hiu n gin, tin li nh va c hng dn pha trn.

c ng, bn cn gt b t duy nht nh phi tm thy ci g nh, hc khi c. Ting Anh

cng khng khc g ting Vit hay bt c mt ngn ng no, c nhng trang vit rt hay th cng phi c
nhng trang bnh thng, hoc thm ch...d. Nu bn c tm l thc dng rng c c l phi c ci g
hc hoc ghi nh, rt c th bn s la chn mt t hoc mt cm t khng tht s hay, khng
khin bn cm thy rung ng, khi , vic hc t vng s km hiu qu khi n tr thnh mt nhim v
nng n. Ngc li, nu bn c vi tm l thanh thn, c c, c c v ch dng li khi c cm din t
hoc iu g thc s rt hay hoc khin bn rung ng, khi , bn s hc t vng hiu qu hn.
Nguyn nhn l, thi cc thc dng, b c s b p buc phi ghi nh; cn thi cc cm nhn, b c
s c nhu cu a nhng th hay vo b nh. Vi tinh thn t nguyn , no s cho t vng mt
khoang thnh thang rng ri hn trong b nh ct gi v s dng t vng.

c ng, bn cn kt thc mt ngy ca mnh vi vic c ting Anh. Hy c ting Anh cho n khi
sch ri vo mt, ch nha vo nhau v khng cn gi c s tnh to na, tc l ting Anh s a bn
vo gic ng - nu c bt c mt vic g khc chen ngang v lm mt i s lin mch ny, c ngha l bn
cha lm ng. Vic ny gip cho vic c ting Anh tr thnh mt thi quen, khi quen ri, bn s
khng cn cm gic ngi - nguyn nhn ln nht khin cho ngi hc kh gn b c vi ting Anh.

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K thut: nh du v ghi chp trong khi v sau khi c
Bi c ca bn cn c in ra lm (khng chp nhn vic bn bi c trn my tnh).

Khi lm bi, bn cn gch chn key words, nh du ?? cho nhng ch mnh cn lm r v * cho nhng cm din t
hay. Hy nhn bn minh ha di y.

Sau khi lm bi, bn cn la chn ghi li khong 3-5 items vo cun b kp

Tip: ng ghi qu nhiu, khng hiu qu u. Di y l nhng th cn ghi li:

?? c th no

?? ti sao li
l produce

?? on ny rt nhiu t mi
nhng c th on ngha, ti
sao?

*cm din t hay

v ging ting Vit

*t hp t rt ph bin,
cn hc (adv+ adj+noun)

*Ma mng tht bt cm t vng rt

ph bin trong ting Vit m ko bit ting
Anh l g, nay bit

Vai tr ng php ca need y l g?

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 Reading K thut: Keyword table

Vi IELTS Reading, bn cn tm d liu trong bi c chng minh cho cu tr li ca bn. y l yu cu

bt buc, khng tm c, coi nh thua. Vic bn to ra mt bng biu gm hai ct, mt ct cha key
words trong cu hi v mt ct cha key words trong bi cng rt hu ch bn thc s hiu t vng.

Trong bi tp di y, bn cn tm t in vo ch trng trong cc cu ct bn tri (mi ch trng

khng qu hai t). Bn c th tm cc t ny t ct bn phi, ni trch dn ni dung t bi c.

Sau khi hon thnh vic trn, bn hy gch chn nhng t ng ng v ngha gia ct tri v ct
phi.

Cu hi
Some food plants, including., are already grown
indoors.
Vertical farms would be located in., meaning that there
would be less need to take them long distances to
customers.
Vertical farms could use methane from plants and
animals to produce.
The consumption of.would be cut because agricultural
vehicles would be unnecessary.
The fact that vertical farms would need.light is a
disadvantage.
One form of vertical farming involves planting in.which
are not fixed.
The most probable development is that food will be
grown onin towns and cities.
Bi c
The concept of indoor farming is not new, since
houthouse production of tomatoeshas been in vogue
for some time.
Situated in the heart of urban centres, they would
drastically reduce the amount of transportation required
to bring food to consumers.
Although the system would consume energy, it would
return energy to the grid via methane generation from
composting non-edible parts of plants.
It (the system) would also dramatically reduce fossil fuel
use, by cutting out the need for tractors, ploughs and
shipping.
A major drawback of vertical farming, however, is that
the plants would require artificial light.
One variation on vertical farming that has been
developed is to grow plants in stacked trays that move
on rails.
While it is possible that much of our food will be grown in
skyscrapers in future, most experts currently believe it is
far more likely that we will simply use the space available
on urban rooftops.

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Nhng cun b kp thn k

Trong thi bui Facebook, bn c th d dng b cun i trong thc l thng tin; hy l ngi ng trn b
cu nhng con c bo t dng thc l , thay v lao vo b cun i.

trnh tnh trng m h khi hc ting Anh (ci g cng c v bit nhng chng bit mnh thc s bit ci
g), bn cn bit cch h thng kin thc, lc no u c cng th thi, ch khng nng n v u m.
Nhng cun b kp thn k ging nh chic kt st. N gip bn lu tr nhng th hay ho, c th ly ra
s dng d dng, thay v ci g cng phi ghi nh rt mt mi.

Nguyn tc chung:
t nhng chun xc
bn thn ngi hc phi thy gn gi v yu thch
c v nghe hng ngy l iu kin bt buc ( tm c vng bc chu bu a vo kt)

Nu vi phm bt c nguyn tc no ni trn, cun b kp s mt i tc dng.

Cun 1: Pht m (Pronunciation)

Hy s dng trang cui ca cun tp (v) v mt note trn smart phone ca bn ghi li nhng t vng
bn pht m cha chun hoc cha bit pht m.

Yu cu:
S lng: t (2-3 words/tun)
Khng c ghi phin m, nu qun cch pht m, bn phi tra t in kim tra li
Bn cn pht m chun nhng t vng ghi trong cun Pht m ny. m thanh phi c lu
gi trong tr nh, tc l bn c th hnh dung c m khng cn c to ln.

Cun 2: nh vn (Spelling)

Spelling l yu t quan trng hng u vi 3/4 k nng trong IELTS (Listening Reading Writing). Ch
cn thiu 1 ch ci thi l bn s mt ton b im ca cu tr li, khng cn bit bn nghe c siu n
mc no. ng tic rng, spelling li l k nng gn nh b b qun trong qu trnh n thi IELTS.

Hy s dng cun tp (v) i hc ca mnh thc hin vic luyn spelling mi ngy theo yu cu sau:

Vit bng bt ch mm
R rng v chnh xc v spelling tt nht l a cho ngi khc xem h c c c tng ch
ci hay khng, ng t nh gi ch quan
Khi vit, trong u hnh dung ra m thanh ca cm t vng ang vit ngm c cch c v cch
vit
Mi bui n lp, tp v ca bn phi c kn t nht 1 trang giy v bn cn ghi r date trn u
trang.

Tip: bn c th ghi nh spelling bng mo nh vn ch bng ting Vit (exercise, vehicle)

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Cun 3: Cm din t t

File lu trong my tnh bn in lu trong ti o/qun 1 copy lu trong smart phone.

S lng: t (c nhng ngy tri qua m chng ta s chng c hay nghe c ci g hay u)
Yu cu: nguyn bn, khng c bin i ni dung + bn cn phi thc s hiu nhng phrases
a vo y.
di: cm din t hay (<5 words)

Lu :
Vic c v nghe hng ngy cung cp inputs cho cun 3. Cun 3 li cung cp inputs cho cun 1&2.
Nu khng c v nghe hng ngy th cng khng th c inputs cho bt c cun b kp no.

Di y l v d v cun 3

Tng hp sch bo hng ngy

Impact trumps income, as I used to say in a past life.
I'm a nightmare dressed like a daydream
London the Capital of Cool
Animal Farm
our lives are miserable, laborious and shortand the very instant that our usefulness has come to
an end we are slaughtered with hideous cruelty. No animal in England knows the meaning of happiness
or leisure after he is a year old. No animal in England is free. The life of an animal is misery and
slavery: that is the plain truth.
the work of the farm went like clockwork.
Discipline, comrades, iron discipline!
the joy of service and the dignity of labour
Spoken language fillers
He got the scholarship, which is a great news.
Oh I love it.
Well, let me think, its difficult to say that.

Cun 4: my dear mistakes

Ghi li nhng li bn thn mnh hay sai s dng sot li khi vit v ni.

Bn c th lu thnh file trong my tnh hoc chp ra v, min l c th ly ra d dng mi khi cn tra cu.
Nu ghi vo tp v, bn cn dnh 1 phn ring trong tp v, ghi tht to v ng khung ch My dear
mistakes ln u trang. Sau , hy nh du ch li d dng gi ra khi cn dng.

Yu cu: ng tham m ghi qu nhiu vo y, khi sot li bn s b ri v vic cha li s khng hiu
qu. Hy xc nh mc tiu chm m chc ghi 1, 2 li thi nhng n ngm vo u l c.

V d: My dear mistakes

1. Tuyt i khng dng what trong mnh quan h hay mnh tnh ng
2. Kim tra li s t s nhiu vi ng t

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Cun 5 & 6: Reading & Listening

Bn ch cn c 1 phn ring bit trong tp v ghi li nhng kinh nghim ca ring mnh vi k nng c
v Vit. Hy ghi tht to ch Reading hoc Listening ln u trang v ng khung cng nh nh du ch
ny li tin tra cu.

Nguyn tc: ghi tht t nhng ng dng tht nhiu, tuyt i khng tham

V d
Reading

Lun ct b nhng th tha thi to s lin mch ch v

Phi tm c ch c cha thng tin tr li cho cu hi
So snh key words trong cu hi v trong bi

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Hng dn cch c bi cha
Hc vin cn dnh thi gian c tht k bi cha, ch no khng hiu cn hi li thy gio; vic
hc s tr nn v ngha nu nhng li c cha ri, ln sau mnh li tip tc mc.
Sau khi c k v hiu thng sut, hy ghi vo s tay nhng li ln sau cam kt khng mc. Ti
sao nn ghi vo s tay ring? Bi v bi cha b cy xi ln nham nh, rt kh chng ta tra
cu li vic ghi vo s tay s gip chng ta to ra mt checklist ngn np. Ln sau, khi vit xong,
chng ta s c th nhanh chng tra cu li theo checklist ny.
Lu : khng nn ghi li phn sa din t ca thy gio v mi bi mi khc phn din t th
nn c trc tip hiu v cm nhn thi

Nhn bit key words trong bi

Hy c bi di y v gch chn key words. Lu : hy s dng t in hoc hi thy gio hiu
thng sut. Khng hiu, bn s khng th no tm key words.

People look for some source of energy like gas and oil in the remote and untouched area. Do you think its
advantages outweigh their disadvantages?

Some people think that young people should be required to do unpaid work helping people in the
community. Are disadvantages of this requirement greater than the benefits for the community and
individuals?

Hng dn cch tm - phn tch trnh lc

Hy gch chn key words trong v nhn xt phn brainstorming di y. Nhng t yu cu l phi
tha mn tt c key words trong .

Hng dn pht trin theo critical thinking

c thm: pht trin theo cng thc PEE trang 86 ca gio trnh

Critical thinking hiu mt cch n gin nht l tr li trng, v thuyt phc cu hi. Hc vin s dng
cc cu hi logic di y kim tra mch ca mnh:
hon thin cha, c cn pht trin thm khng? Nu cu tr li l Cha, cn pht trin thm.
Th bn tip tc cu hi di y.
Hy c li cu u, sau , tr li cu hi sau: ngi c s k vng iu g cu sau, cn cu
hi g cha c gii p cu u (ti sao, nh th no, ai, ci g?)

15
Rn luyn kh nng tp trung th thi
Trong cuc sng hng ngy, NG suy ngh qu nhiu hy tp trung tri nghim v
hng th giy pht hin ti ca cuc sng

C bt c lc no c th: mang theo cun sch hoc Reading collection

Hy lu li nhng moments hay ideas le ln trong u mnh bng 1-2 key words trong
smart phones hoc s tay ng bao gi n bay i mt

ng p mnh suy ngh bng ngoi ng, ngh bng ting m cng c.

16
5 tiu ch VNG cn t khi vit

Cc tiu ch ny bao gm: D hiu Nhanh ng Hay

#1 D hiu: d hiu hay khng d hiu s li ra mt cch r rng m khng cn phn tch di
dng. D hiu l d hiu, th thi. Quan trng hn, khi chm bi, nu thy gio khng hiu th s
khng th gip bn trnh by li c.

#2 Nhanh: Trc khi vit HAY th phi vit XONG .

#3 ng

Vi Task 1, th sinh cn m bo s chnh xc v thng tin v s liu, ng v thi s dng, ng

v bn cht s liu.

Nam gii chim 50% s lng lao ng tay ngh thp Anh nm 1992 (tc l 50% cn li
l ph n hoc ngi chuyn gii)

50% nam gii c hi trong cuc kho st lm vic trong nhng cng vic tay ngh thp
Anh nm 1992 (50% nam gii cn li c hi cng trong cuc kho st ny lm trong
nhng lnh vc ngnh ngh khc - v d ny, chng ta hon ton khng th suy ra thng
tin g v cc gii tnh khc c)

Hy lun c k v biu hiu r bn cht ca s liu

Vi Task 2, th sinh cn tr li ng cu hi v yu cu ca bi.

#4
Task 1: khng b st nhng im ni bt + 150 t.

Task 2: khng b st yu cu no ca bi + 250 t.

#5 Hay
Task 1: so snh, i chiu v phn tch s liu mch lc v d hiu v vy, khu LP
DN l rt
quan trng.

Task 2: ideas
trng v sc
ngi c
khng cn g
ni.

Lu : ideas khng
tr li trng th hay
cng khng c gi tr.

17
The Power of Choice: 200% chc chn v t vng s dng
Quy tc vng: 1 phrase per day

T vng l v kh ca ngi s dng ngn ng. Vi k nng Vit v Ni, th sinh cn ghi nh
yu cu v cng quan trng sau: HIU v HIU R cng c ngn ng trc khi s dng. Hy
nh, cng c ngn ng cng nh v kh n c th gip chin s tiu dit qun ch nh cng
c th git chnh chin s nu khng bit g m s dng ba bi. Cm mt qu lu n m
khng bit n l ci g, ri rt cht, a ln mi ngi th.

V vy, nguyn tc nghim ngt trong Writing v Speaking l

CH S DNG NHNG G BN THN MNH HIU V CHC CHN 200%

100% l s chc chn sn c qua qu trnh hc v thc hnh
100% cn li l vic CHECK bng t in

NG TIN VO TR NH. HY CHECK EVERYTHING.

Th sinh cn rn luyn thi quen la chn an ton nh sau:

Lun c nhiu hn 1 la chn t vng s dng

Tiu ch an ton c t trn tiu ch hay

T vng v ng php l vn ling th sinh s dng khi Ni v Vit, v vy, th sinh cn hc t

vng mt cch bn b theo liu lng di y. Hy nh rng y l vic hng ngy v quan
trng nht.

Mi ngy tri qua, hy np cho mnh mt phrase ting Anh

v bo m 3 bit bao gm bit vit, bit c, bit dng

18
Mi lc lm mt vic, ng chng vic ny sang vic kia

Mt thi quen rt xu nhng rt nhiu ngi hc ting Anh mc phi l c vic n x vic
kia. Thi quen ny dn ti vic th sinh thng rt nhanh mt khi hc; nguy him hn, n khin
cho ngi hc b mt cm xc vui v v ho hng khi hc.

Khi mt cm xc vui v v ho hng, vic hc rt d tr thnh gnh nng khin cho hc vin
kh i c ng di.

Di y l mt s tnh hung thy gio tri qua v l v d v thi quen xu, vic n x vic
kia.
ang nm c truyn, thay v tp trung vo c th c gp t hay l nhm dy cm ci ghi
ghi chp chp.

Va ny ra idea hay, thay v ghi chp li th li c ngi tra t in, cn ke vit t ny t

khc,hoa l cnh

ang nghe bng, thay v i tai tp trung vo dng chy m thanh th li c c ghi nh
cm din t hay ho va nghe thy (kt qu l on bng c tri tun tut, nghe th thiu
trc hng sau)

Hy ghi nh, mi lc lm mt vic v thc s tm vo vic

Di y l mt s thi quen tt:

Lc c v nghe, hy dnh u tin cao nht cho vic hiu v cm nhn (get it and feel it)
bt ch dng nh du thi, ng c ghi
ghi chp chp nhiu, v cng ng lc no
cng cm n trn tay

Lc hc thuc, hy qun mi th i v tp trung

vo vic ghi nh SOUND & SPELLING

Lc vit, hy dn ht sc vo vic VIT XONG

chi chut hy sau

19
B kp NP t vng

Th sinh nn hc t vng hng ngy theo quy trnh Hiu Cm nhn Thch v nguyn tc 3 d
D nh (m thanh cch vit) D Dng D kim tra. Nguyn tc ny l gii ti sao nhiu th
sinh cc k kh s m vic np t vng vn khng hiu qu; l bi h sai lm ngay t
khu la chn, ch chm chm hc nhng t vng kh. H tng rng c phi dng t kh th
mi c im cao, nhng s tht l t kh th vic ghi nh v s dng cng kh hn; kt qu
l, sai st xy ra trong qu trnh ni v vit.

Di y l mt s lu thm khi la chn t vng np vo u:

n v hc l phrase thay v tng t ring l

Ging ting Vit (v ngha din t, v b cc sp xp cu) & d suy ra ngha

Phi c ng t trong phrase

80-20 rule: 80% phrase hon chnh v cu trc v ngha s dng, th sinh ch cn
thm 20% l c th s dng c.

D ng dng trong a dng vn cnh

D check trong www.google.co.uk (u tin nhng phrase m kt qu Google nhiu ngay t

trang kt qu u tin) | Lu : kt qu cho ra phi l ng phrase y ch khng phi u
mt ni t mt no.

Di y l mt s phrases c la chn theo nguyn tc trn th sinh tham kho:

Farming is always a chancy business. (ng dng: ch cn thay ch farming; v d: writing)

There are dips and bumps on the road. (ng dng: There are always dips and bumps on
the road to success.)

John finds escape from his stifling family, oppressive school and soul-crushing factory job
through the liberating power of music. (ng dng: I found escape from my oppressive
school through the liberating power of music)

20
Cc cch m u mt cu/mnh

Ai lm g, chuyn g xy ra(SVO)
y l cch ph bin, trc din nht v hiu qu nht, trong hu ht cc trng hp.

to do/V-ing
To live is to fight | Eating is my favourite hobby.

It is sb/sth who/that
y l mu cu nhn mnh vi ngha chnh ai/ci g

It is she who stole my heart.

It is in her that I found the meaning of living.

It is easy/difficult for sb to do sth | sb find it easy/difficult to do sth

It is easy for young people to make a wrong career choice.

It is undeniable/true that
It is undeniable that she is the most beautiful girl in the world.

There is no doubt that | There is a belief that. | There are thoughts that
Mu cu ny kh d s dng v gn vi ting Vit (khng nghi ng g, c mt quan nim
rng, c nhng ngh rng)

Question word: how, what, why, who |

whether or not
y l cch t ph bin hn bt u mt
mnh /cu; thng thng, mnh ny
thng ng v tr tn ng.

I dont know how to tell you

about my troubles.
It all depends on whether or
not she has the time.
I still dont understand why
she left.

21
Cc mu cu phc ph bin nht

Nguyn nhn Kt qu
Because/since/as + clause A, clause B
Upon doing something,/ By doing
something,/ Doing something, SVO.

Tng phn
Despite the fact that clause A, clause B | Despite something,.
In spite of the fact that clause A, clause B | In spite of something,.
Although clause A, clause B.
Clause A; however,/ nevertheless, clause B

iu kin: using if clause

Khi qut v mc ni: clause A, which.. (which y c hiu l iu ny.)

Lu : Khi ng dng thc t, th sinh lun phi nghe theo nhu cu thc t ca vn cnh v mi
tnh hung mi khc. Vic p dng my mc s khng hiu qu v trit tiu kh nng suy ngh.

Hy lun t mc tiu cao nht cho vic ni v vit bng c mun din t.

22
Du cu: phy, chm, chm phy (, . ;)

Phy, chm, chm phy l ba loi du cu th sinh cn dng khi lm bi vit IELTS.

Th sinh cn tun theo cc quy tc sau khi dng:

Du phy ngn cch gia cc mnh ca cu

phc.
Du chm kt thc mch v ng php hon
chnh.
Du chm phy ni 2 cu hon chnh nhng ngn
v c quan h logic.

Lu : Du cu lun phi vit lin vi ch lin trc n | sau

du cu phi c 1 space

Du cu khng nn dng: hi chm, chm than, hai

chm

y l cc loi du cu trnh dng trong bi vit IELTS. Th

sinh cn din t mt cch khch quan v lnh, v vy,
du chm than l khng ph hp v n biu th tnh cm.

Ngoi ra, th sinh cng lun cn din t mt cch trc din, v vy, th sinh c khuyn trnh
cch din t bng cu hi v trnh lun du hi chm.

KHNG NN: Ngy nay, nhiu bc cha m mun cho con em mnh du hc; v sao vy?
Nguyn nhn l.

NN: Ngy nay, nhiu bc cha m mun cho con em mnh du hc v nhiu nguyn nhn.

Du hai chm (:) cng thng b dng sai; v vy, th sinh trnh s dng

SAI: many kinds of fruits such as: mangos and durians.

NG: many kinds of fruits such as mangos and durians.

SAI: the collection includes: A, B, C and D.

NG: the collection includes A, B, C and D.

Ghi nh: tuyt i trnh du hai chm sau ng t

23
Hng dn lm bi Full Test

Test 1: 150 words | Test 2: 250 words

24
Hng dn lm bi Full Test

Test 1: 150 words | Test 2: 250 words

di mt dng trn giy thi IELTS Writing: 19.6 cm

Hy vit tay bng bt ch trn giy thi v m s ch trung bnh trn mt dng (x)

Chia 150 cho x ra s dng cn vit cho Task 1

Chia 250 cho x ra s dng cn vit cho Task 2

Hy nh s dng cho mi Task trong u cho n khi thi tht

Hy vit nhiu hn s dng ny khong 1,2 dng s t an ton

Hy b cc mi on vn (paragraph) thnh tng block, hy cch 1 dng gia nhng block ny

Hy lm Task 1 trc

Lun theo di thi gian, khi ht 20 pht, hy chuyn sang lm Task 2 k c khi Task 1 cha
lm xong

Brainstorming v lp dn l yu cu bt
buc
Task 1: 3 pht
Task 2: 5 pht

Lu : ng i vo phn tch chi tit khi lp

dn , hy tp trung vo s lng u mc

Ch s dng t vng v ng php bn thn

nm chc 200% khi lm bi

Tiu ch cn t: D hiu v r rng l tiu

ch hng u

Task 1: ng dng c cc mu cu so
snh, tng gim, ng u/cui bng

Task 2: m bi + topic sentence trng

Lun im c kha cht vi bi
bng vic nhc li key phrase
Lun im c pht trin theo cng
thc PEE
Pht trin cu theo logic nguyn nhn
kt qu hoc tng phn, s dng
cu phc

25
Chin thut lm bi: Qun l thi gian

Bit mnh phi vit nhng g: hc vin cn nm chc b cc bi lun tng task bit mnh s
cn vit nhng g.

Task 1: 1 cu m bi | 1 cu overview | (khong) 2 blocks thng tin | kt lun

Task 2: m bi (statement + answers) | 2 body paragraphs (topic sentence c bit quan
trng) | kt lun

Tuyt i khng mt thi gian cho M bi + Kt lun, hc vin c th s dng tip sau:

M bi: Chp thng bi vo bi lm, thay i mt s t khi chp (lu : hy nh b ch

below trong Task 1)

Kt lun: ng ngh n n, c n lc mnh s t khc bit vit ci g

Hy tp trung vo u mc khi brainstorming ng qu ch trng n vic pht trin ni dung

hay v d vo lc ny v vic ny kh mt thi gian. Khi u mc khp vi , vic trin khai
ni dung s khng qu kh v c th thc hin trong qu trnh vit.

Khi vit, hy i tng bc chm ri thoi mi tp trung vo tng bc nh, thay v nhn c
chng ng di pha trc. y, cu (sentence) l bc nh cn bi lun hon chnh (full
essay) l chng ng di trc mt.

Hy luyn tp hng ngy thiu vic luyn tp, mi th ch l l thuyt ho huyn.

Phn b thi gian cho tng task

Task 1 (20 minutes) Task 2 (40 minutes)

3 minutes: brainstorming 5 minutes: brainstorming
& planning & planning
14 minutes: writing 30 minutes: writing
3 minutes: proof reading 5 minutes: proof reading

y l cch phn chia thi gian l tng gip th sinh

c thi gian lp dn bi cng nh kim tra li khi
hon thnh bi lun.

Theo , th sinh cn tp luyn c th hon thnh vic vit trong khong thi gian nh sau:
Task 1: khng qu 14 pht
Task 2: khng qu 30 pht

Lu : y ch l thi gian vit

Th sinh cn phi cc k chm ch v nghim khc v y l mt nhim v khng d dng

Th sinh cng nn dp b o tng rng p lc phng thi s gip mnh vit nhanh nh chp,
kiu g chng xong.

26
Micro-writing: luyn tp sc bn hng ngy

Vic ngy no cng p bn thn vit full essay s khin th sinh rt mt mi v y l cch
nhanh nht git cht nim vui v hng th ca hc vin.

V vy, thay v luyn tp qu liu nh trn, th sinh c th ch cn dnh mi ngy khong 10-20
pht tp luyn theo bng phn b thi gian nh sau.

Task 1 Task 2
S ch S pht S ch S pht
theo t theo t theo t theo t
Thnh T trng/150 trng/14 Thnh T trng/250 trng/30
phn trng words pht phn trng words pht
M bi 10% 15 1.4 M bi 10% 25 3
Overview 15% 22.5 2.1 Body 1 40% 100 12
Block 1 38% 57 5.32 Body 2 40% 100 12
Block 2 37% 55.5 5.18 Kt
lun 10% 25 3

Hng dn luyn tp hng ngy Task 1

Task 1 (WRITING TIME)

S ch S pht
theo t theo t
Thnh T trng/150 trng/14
phn trng words pht
M bi 10% 15 1.4
Overview 15% 22.5 2.1
Block 1 38% 57 5.32
Block 2 37% 55.5 5.18

Task 1 (20 minutes)

3 minutes: brainstorming & planning
14 minutes: writing
3 minutes: proof reading

V d: Th sinh dnh 3 pht lp dn bi v 5 pht vit mt on thng tin v kim tra li

trong 1 pht. Trong 5 pht, th sinh cn hon thnh ni dung hon chnh ca block v t s ch t
nht l 57. Nh vy, vic luyn tp c hon thnh di 10 pht.

Mt s lu :

th sinh nn u tin vic vit key details thay v m bi hay overview v y l phn kh
hn trong vic din t cng nh kim sot thi gian.

th sinh cn s dng countdown timer (cng c sn c trong google) bm thi gian khi
vit

th sinh cn vit tay v tc vit tay v nh my rt khc nhau

27
Hng dn luyn tp hng ngy Task 2

Task 2 (40 minutes)

5 minutes: brainstorming & planning
30 minutes: writing
5 minutes: proof reading

Task 2
S ch S pht
theo t theo t
Thnh T trng/250 trng/30
phn trng words pht
M bi 10% 25 3
Body 1 40% 100 12
Body 2 40% 100 12
Kt
lun 10% 25 3

V d: Th sinh dnh 5 pht lp dn bi v 12 pht vit mt on thn bi v kim tra li

trong 1 pht. Trong khong thi gian ny, th sinh cn hon thnh ni dung hon chnh ca mt
on thn bi vi ch ch t nht cn t l 100 ch.

Lu :

th sinh cn lm xong c hai yu cu trn ( ni dung + s ch); nu thiu 1 trong 2 th

coi nh cha t

th sinh cn s dng countdown timer (cng c sn c trong google) bm thi gian khi
vit

th sinh cn vit tay v tc vit tay v nh my rt khc nhau

28
Vit 1 mch

Vit 1 mch c hiu l ch tp trung vo mc tiu duy nht l vit

nhanh v vit xong. Th sinh cn gt i mi suy ngh khc, ch tp trung
vo vic vit xong; nu thiu t vng, th sinh c th dng ting Vit,
iu quan trng nht l phi xong v phi c mt ci g hon chnh.

Vit 1 mch cn c hiu l vit 1 mch . vit 1 mch , th sinh

cn rn luyn thi quen nhn v trc, vit v sau, nhn cu trc,
vit cu sau. V bn cht, thi quen ny chnh l s sp xp tng
theo mch logic dng chy ca thng tin hp l v thun li.

Nu nh thi quen vit 1 mch (cho xong) yu cu th sinh qun ht

mi th v ch tp trung vo vic vit nhanh v vit xong th thi quen vit 1 mch li yu cu
th sinh phi suy ngh v sp xp vit ra phi logic v hp l.

Mc d c v hi mu thun nhng 2 thi quen trn s gip th sinh quen vi vic t duy nhanh
v trnh by nhanh mt thi quen cc k c li khng ch trong k thi IELTS m cn trong cuc
sng v cng vic.

K thut Vit bng my

Essay machines bao gmgoogle.co.uk (tm kim ting Anh)Cambridge dictionary online (t
in)ozdic.com (t in lin kt t)

Khi sa bi vit, mn hnh ca bn cn m thng trc 3 trang web ny v kim tra mi th

trong on vit ca mnh. Bn nhp vo ci sai, n s tr li ci ng. Bn nhp vo ci hay, n
s tr li ci hay hn. Bn khng c g, n s cho bn tt c

B mt k diu! Tt c nhng g c trong u bn u c bng ting Anh trn google.co.uk.

Hy tm v bt chc!

Tnh hung 1: bn khng c t vng

Hy s dng key phrases trong bi v nhp vo google.co.uk
Dnh thi gian c 1-3 bi
Nu thy v t vng hay, hy ghi li

Tnh hung 2: bn c t vng nhng khng chc v cch dng

Hy paste c phrase vo google.co.uk kim tra
Gc: In the eyes of the kids, their father is their hero.
Machine: Dads are always heroes in their children's eyes.

Gc: budget shortage

Machine: budget constraints

Tnh hung 3: bn c 1 t nhng khng bit collocations ph hp ca n l g

Nhp t vo ozdic.com (t in t lin kt) hoc google.co.uk
T ca bn: law | ozdic.com s cho bn nhng ng t sau: obey, follow, abide by | disobey,
break, violate

Tnh hung 4: bn c 1 t nhng hon ton khng bit cch dng

Hy paste t vng vo Cambridge dictionary v p dng k thut bt chc y ht.

29
Task
1
30
Task 1: Golden rules

ng lao vo vit ngay, iu then cht l phi hiu. Hy dnh tht nhiu thi gian hiu biu , hiu s
liu.
Cha hiu th phi suy ngh v hi cho bng hiu th thi.
Cha hiu th cha vit. Cha hiu m vit th cng vit s cng hng.

Nu bn gp kh khn trong vic vit ting Anh, hy bt u bng vic vit ting Vit, min sao cu ting
Vit ny phi chun xc v d hiu. Sau , da trn nn tng ting Vit v bi ging ny, bn hy vit
ting Anh (nh l vit ch khng phi l dch).

Tiu ch quan trng khi ni v t l:

o T s r, mu s r (ci g chim % ca ci g)
o ng t phi tun theo vn cnh ch ng my mc
o p dng nhng mu din t chun ( trnh vic vit theo kiu ting Vit)

Cch to LEGO bricks trong Task 1

Vi IELTS Writing Task 1, th sinh cn nhm c cc thng tin lin quan trong biu thnh tng cm
din t ngi c d theo di. R rng cng l mt trong nhng yu cu cao nht ca Task 1.

Nhng cm din t ni trn c gi l LEGO bricks theo phng php ca IELTS Kungfu, di y l
minh ha v hng dn cch to LEGO bricks. d hnh dung, chng ta s xem phn lp dn ca mt
th sinh cho mt bi c th.

Tng quan (Overview)

Mu ghi thp nht cho n nm 2005 th vt Mu xanh

(block A)

Chi tit (Key comparisons & contrasts)

Mu da cam (block B):

start low nhng tng vt t 1985 t nh 1995

1995-2000 tt khng phanh | 2000 tr i gim u
u

Mu xanh (block C):

1980-1985: tng vt
1985-1900: lao dc trc khi tng ln xu ri li gim xung y thp nht (thp hn mi a ch
khc) vo nm 2010

Mu vng khng nhiu bin ng (block D)

Qua v d trn, chng ta cng c th thy, dn c chia thnh nhng block thng tin ring bit v c
nh du A,B,C,D. Mt bi vit Task 1 tt l bi vit lm ni bt v r rng nhng block ny ln ging
nh nhng vin gch mu sc ca tr chi xp hnh Lego mu sc v hnh khi phi r rng, khng ln
ln vo nhau.

Vi phn lp dn trn, th sinh pht trin thnh ni dung vit nh sau (trch):

T l khch du lch ti Anh v tham quan Bo tng ngh thut tng vt trong giai on t nm 1980 ti
nm 1985, tln gn. Sau nm 1985, t l ny lao dc xung di v khng hi phc na.
31
V t l khch du lch ti Anh v tham quan Festival, con s ny hu nh khng bin ng qua thi gian,
dao ng nh trong khong t n.

on vit trn tt bi n c tn hiu thng bo tt v n chia on tt:

Tn hiu thng bo: 2 ch in m c tc dng gn bin tn bo hiu vi ngi c v ngi chm bi
rng on ny ti s vit v thng tin g. Tn hiu thng bo s gp phn gip th sinh tng im
Coherence & Cohesion (Tnh mch lc v kt dnh ca vn bn).

Chia on: Trong on vit trn 2 block c tch thnh 2 on ring bit y c gi l k thut
paragraphing (chia on). y cng l k thut d thc hin v hiu qu to ra b cc mch lc cho
Task 1.

32
Hng dn vit M bi cho IELTS Writing Task 1
Th sinh hy ghi nh nhng iu sau khi vit m bi cho IELTS
Writing Task 1

M bi Task 1 ch cn 1 cu
Khng cn thay th tn gi ca biu
Th sinh cn thay & thm: thay t ng ngha v
thm cm t v hi
Th sinh c th thm chi tit nu nh phn gii thiu
biu trong m bi s lc qu

Lu : iu then cht l hiu biu , khi , th sinh s d

tm thm chi tit vit m bi hn.

d hiu chng ta s xem mt s v d sau, hy ch , bi

trn cn m bi l phn in nghing pha di:

The two pie charts below show some employment patterns in Great Britain in 1992.
The charts provide information on the proportion of males and females in employment in 6 broad
categories, divided into manual and non-manual occupations.

The bar chart below shows the percentage of students who passed their high school competency
exams, by subject and gender, during the period 2010-2011.
The chart shows the percentages of boys and girls who were successful in their high school
competency exams in the period from 2010 to 2011, by subject.

The line graph below shows the percentage of tourists to England who visited four different
attractions in Brighton.
The line graph shows the percentage of tourists to England who visited four Brighton attractions
between 1980 and 2010.

33
Task 1: Pie chart language tools
Ngn ng din t T L

T l: ratio, percentage, proportion, share

T l trong ting Anh l danh t m c:

c th dng vi qun t s t (a/an/the)

dng dng s nhiu (thm s hoc es)

Th sinh cn hc thuc:

tnh t ch ln/ nh ca t l
ng t din t t l

Th sinh cn TRNH cch ni:

there is a large/small percentage of | Hy ni: A large percentage of sth was held by A

the percentage of A is...per cent | Hy ni: .percent of A did something

ng t chim/nm gi t l: hold, represent, account for + per cent

Tnh t i vi t l

a large/small proportion
a major/minor share
a significant/an insignificant percentage
a high/low ratio

Th sinh cn c cng c ngn ng din t 3 tnh hung ph bin nht vi t l

34
 A nm git l ln/nh nht
Bao nhiu phn trm ca A lm g
So snh t l

Di y l nhng cng c ngn ng din t 3 tnh hung ny.

Tnh hung 1: A nm gi mt t l ln (nh) nht v.

A held the lions share of. = A held the largest part of

A represent the smallest proportion of

a dng cch din t bng dng b ng

the lions share of was held by A

the smallest proportion of.was represented by A

Tnh hung 2: Bao nhiu phn trm ca A tham gia vo vic g...

x per cent of A did sth

a dng cch din t bng SO SNH t l

X per cent of A did sth, which was much higher/lower than that of B which/who did the same... (Y%)

56.3 per cent of girls passed Computer Science, which was much higher than that of boys who
passed the same subject (42.1%)
56.3 per cent of girls passed Computer Science, which exceeded that of boys who passed the same
subject by more than 10 per cent.
56.3 per cent of girls passed Computer Science, which was more than 10 per cent higher than that
of boys.

1 in 10 | half | a quarter of | a third of A did sth

Ngoi cch din t trn v t l, chng ta c th s dng nhng cch din t sau tng s linh hot
khi vit.

1 in 10 half of a third of a quarter of a fifth of

10% one in ten half: 1/2 a third: 1/3 a quarter: 1/4 a fifth: 1/5

30% three in ten two thirds: 2/3 [lu three quarters: 3/4 two fifths: 2/5
s nhiu] [lu s nhiu]
Lu : c th thay three fifths: 3/5 [lu
th in bng out s nhiu]
of

35
Tnh hung 3: So snh t l

T l ca A gp x ln t l ca B, s liu minh ha

The proportion of A is x times as high as that of B, % compared to%

The proportion of girls who passed the Chemistry exam was twice as high as that of boys, 30.2 compared
to 14.1 per cent.

Tuy nhin, vi trng hp gp i, gp ba hay gp bn, chng ta c th s dng ng t double, triple

v quadruple nh sau:

The proportion of girls who passed the Chemistry exam doubled/tripled/quadrupled that of boys, .
compared toper cent.

T l ca B ch bng mt na ca A

The proportion of B is half of that of A, % compared to%

Chng ta c th thay th mt na vi nhng con s khc nh: 1/3, 2/3 hay 1/4 hay 1/5

a half a third a quarter a fifth

a half: 1/2 a third: 1/3 a quarter: 1/4 a fifth: 1/5

two thirds: 2/3 [lu s three quarters: 3/4 [lu two fifths: 2/5
nhiu] s nhiu]
three fifths: 3/5 [lu
s nhiu]

36
 Task 1

You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

The three pie charts below show the changes in annual

spending by local authorities in Someland in 1980, 1990
and 2000.

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the

main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

Write at least 150 words.

A sample answer (184 words)

The pie charts compare patterns of the annual expenditure by Someland authorities in 1980, 1990 and
2000.

One prominent feature is that education, including higher and K-12 education, took up the lion's share in
any given year, accounting for almost three quarters of the total spending. K-12 education expense
decreased by seven percent from 25% in 1980 to 18% in 2000. The proportion of higher education
spending rose significantly, from a third of the total expense in 1980 to nearly a half in 1990, before falling
to 40 percent by 2000.

The rest of the authorities' spending was divided between transportation, environmental services, health
and human resources and other expenses. Although the authorities increased their spending on health and
human resources from 14% in 1980 to 20% by 1990, they cut it by a half by 2000. A reversed pattern
applied to transportation spending, shrinking from 16 percent in 1980 to six percent in 1990 before
expanding to 22 percent in 2000. Just a modest share of the local budget was allocated for
environmental services, never exceeding a tenth of the authorities' total expenditure.

37
Bar charts: ngn ng cn dng
Th sinh s cn cng c ngn ng din t t l (bi Pie chart) v cng c miu t xu hng tng, gim
ca MT i tng qua thi gian

ng t: tng, gim, dao ng, ng im

Danh t: s tng, s gim, s dao ng

Tnh t: s tng gim mnh hay s tng gim khng ng k

Trng t: tng mnh, gim khng ng k

Gii t ch bin dao ng: tng t u n u, dao ng trong khong

Bar charts: Describing trends

Verbs Nouns
increase an increase
rise a rise
grow

Verbs Nouns
fall a fall
drop a drop
decrease a decrease
decline a deline

Verbs Nouns
rocket
soar

Verbs Nouns
plunge
plummet

Verbs Nouns
fluctuate a fluctuation

Verbs Nouns
Level off Reach a plateau
Stabilise Reach a period of stability
Remain unchanged/the same

Verbs Nouns
peak at reach a peak at

Verbs Nouns
bottom at reach a bottom at

38
Bar charts: Adjectives and adverbs to describe trends

Meaning Adjectives Adverbs

Mnh Dramatic Dramatically
Significant Significantly
Sharp Sharply
Considerable Considerably
Steep Steeply
Nh Slight Slightly
Insignificant Insignificantly
Modest Modestly
Gradual gradually

Bar charts: Prepositions

tng/gim t.n fromto

tng/gim ln.
(ch ln ca s tng gim)
tng/gim ln.
(ch ln ca s tng gim)
dao ng quanh....
dao ng trong khong tn
by. (ch dng vi ng t)
(an increase/a decrease) of
(fluctuate) around.
(fluctuate) betweenand

Nhng mu cu hu ch din t xu hng

There was a sharp decrease in the proportion of.

2006 witnessed a dramatic rise in the number of.

Company A reported/recorded a 20% increase in the proportion of

An increase of 20 per cent was recorded/seen in the number of..

Lu : y l nhng mu cu ph bin ng dng vi danh t ch s tng hay gim th sinh khng cn

phi hc nhiu, s b ri lon, ch cn ng dng nhng
mu cu ny thun thc l c.

39
 Task 1: You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

The bar chart shows the scores of teams A, B and C over

four different seasons.

Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the

main features and make comparisons where relevant.
Write at least 150 words.

A sample answer (184 words)

The bar chart shows three teams (A, B, C) scores over four consecutive seasons from 2002 to 2005.

One profound observation is team Bs dominating performance throughout the years with its scores far
exceeding those of the other two teams. Starting off from its peak at 82 points in 2002, team B then lost more than
20 points in the next season and plunged to its record low at 43 points in 2004 before making a recovery in the final
season of 2005, finishing at 55 points.

An interesting contrast can be seen in team As performance. Despite a very modest start with only 5 points, team A
doubled its score in the next season before striking the most impressive performance boost in 2004 when it
chased closely after the top scorer. However, team A failed to maintain its heights as it scored only 8 points in the
final season.

Team C experienced some inconsistency in its performance over the years. Its scores fluctuated around 12 points
over the first three seasons before plummeting to its rock bottom with only 5 points in 2005.

Nhng cm din t hu ch
over the four consecutive seasons | consecutive mang ngha tip ni ngay st nhau, y c cm c hiu
l bn ma gii lin tc

dominating (adj)

y l tnh t, xut pht t ng t gc dominate mang ngha thng tr, lm ch. Hy xem cc v d sau:

A dominating personality mt ngi/c tnh thch u ci c ngi khc

A dominating team i thng tr (bng xp hng)

Peak vs. Bottom

reach a peak: t n nh
reach a rock bottom: chm y

make a recovery = recover: hi phc | a modest start: mt mn mi ng khim tn

an impressive performance boost: mt mn ci thin phong n tng

inconsistency: s tht thng | plummet (v): lao xung, lao dc, gim nhanh

plunge (v): trt xung, gim nhanh

40
Line graph: Nhng cch din t cn dng cho line graph
t bin: tng t bin + t nh >< gim t
bin + chm y

Khng t bin

tng nh/mnh >< gim nh/mnh

hu nh khng thay i hoc dao ng

Mt ng lun cao hn/thp hn cc

ng khc

Yu t thi
gian trong
line graph
Line graph thng miu t bin ng qua thi gian ca mt d liu; v
vy, yu cu bt buc i vi th sinh l kh nng to ra logic thi gian
bng mt s cng c nh before, after, since then, from then on, when

Thng thng, nhng mu cu ny thng yu cu th sinh rt gn ch

ng trnh lp trong din t. V th, th sinh cn nh cng thc rt
gn nh sau:

Chuyn ng t v tr rt gn thnh V-ing

After reaching a peak at 80 percent in 1979, the ratio of unemployed men started to fall since the 1980s.

The ratio of unemployed men started to fall since the 1980s before hitting bottom at 20 percent in 1990.

41
Lu vi since then, ever since, before/after that

since then | ever since

C hai phrase ny u mang ngha k t th sinh IELTS hy nh cch s dng d v ph bin ca

chng, l cch t phrase ny CUI CU.

The ratio reached a peak at 80 per cent in 1979 and started to fall since then/ever since.

Trnh cch s dng before/after that

Th sinh nn trnh cch s dng before/after that v trong nhng tnh hung ny, chc nng kt ni ca
before/after rt km. d hiu, hy xem v d sau:

After reaching a peak at 80 percent in 1979, the ratio of unemployed men started to fall since the 1980s. |
Phn tch: after + SVO (mnh ) cu phc c to ra

The ratio of unemployed men reached a peaked at 80 per cent in 1979. After that, it started to fall since the
1980s. | Phn tch: after khin 1 mch b ngt thnh 2 cu

Tng lai D bo s bin thin ca s liu

Trnh dng will hay be going to ni v d bo s liu thi im TNG LAI. Hy dng nhng
cch sau ni v d bo s liu:

be expected | forecasted | projected | anticipated

Lu : hai t estimate v calculate kh dng hn,

It is expected that the number of tourists to Vietnam

would double next year.

The number of tourists to Vietnam is expected to

double next year.

to expect | to anticipate

ai ng t ny c th c s dng thi hin ti nhng mang hm d on bi bn thn ngha ca

hai t ny l ch n, k vng.

A + expect/anticipate + something [a rise/a fall]

The number of tourists to Vietnam expects a two-fold increase next year.

42
Din t dng chy thi gian trong cng MT cu
Vi mt s thi Task 1, biu c th din t s bin thin ca s liu t qu kh, qua hin ti, n
tng lai. Trong nhng trng hp ny, th sinh thng mc li ng php khi s dng sai thi ca ng
t.

Ghi nh: th sinh cn x l thi ca ng t - ng bao gi ngh n gin l gim kho s khng
hay b nh la.

SAI: From line chart, from 1800 to 1940, the world population saw a steady increase from one to two billion
people before gathering pace and reaching its peak in 2040.

Phn tch: th sinh mc nh nhng ng t trong phn gch chn cng thi qu kh vi ng t
v trc (saw); trn thc t, phn ny nm tng lai ri.

SA: From line chart, from 1800 to 1940, the world population saw a steady increase from one to
two billion people before gathering pace to reach its anticipated peak in 2040.

Trng t ch cp trong line graph

Line graph cn nhng trng t ny din t sc thi mnh, nh ca tng gim

Mnh: dramatically, sharply, significantly, steeply

Nh: slightly, insignificantly, modestly

Trung tnh, c lng: relatively, fairly, constantly, gradually | Lu : trng t trung tnh lun i km
vi tnh t to ra ngha c th; v d: relatively high/low, to remain relatively unchanged, the stay
relatively the same

43
Dng khung mt bi lun line graph
M bi: xem bi Hng dn vit m bi Task 1

Overview: cch n gin nht l tp trung vo nhng t bin

Tng mnh: A t mc tng trng rt mnh t nm...n nm...khi n t nh ....

Gim mnh: A t mc tng trng mnh t nm...n nm...trc khi ri t do v chm y vo
nm...
Khng i: A hu nh khng thay i trong giai on t nm...n nm...

Key details: cch n gin nht l ni v tng line hoc nhng line ging nhau

A tng u t nm...n nm...khi n bt u gim mnh xung cn... T nm..., A li tng v kt

thc ...vo nm...

C mt s tng trng n tng trong s liu ca B trong giai on t nm...n nm...trc khi n
bt u chng li mc (stall)...vo nm...

C bt u mc...v gi mc ny hu nh khng thay i trong nmtrc khi n bt u ly

v tng mnh trong...nm tip theo. Nhng n khng gi c ny v bt u gim mnh t
nm...

Cng c ngn ng cho Line graph

Xem li bi Bar chart v cng c ngn ng cho Xu hng

B sung mt s t vng:

sth + score/achieve/have/ strike + an impressive rise/increase: ai, ci g t mc tng trng n

tng

to gather pace: ly

to lose momentum: mt

44
Task 1: The graph below gives information from Annual Energy Outlook 2008 about consumption of energy in
the USA since 1980 with projection until 2030.

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where
relevant. Write at least 150 words.

A sample answer (227 words)

The line graph shows the energy consumption trends in the USA since 1980 with projections towards 2030, based on
the Annual Energy Outlook 2008. One key feature is fossil fuels have always been the most popular sources of energy
in America.

In 1980, petrol and oil topped the list of most consumed fuels with 35 quadrillion units per year, far exceeding
natural gas and coal which were 20 and 15 quadrillion units respectively. Except a slight dip from 1980 to 1985, the
consumption of petrol and oil kept increasing over time and is forecast to sour to nearly 50 quadrillion units by
2030.

[A steady growth is expected for coal with more than 30 quadrillion units to be consumed by 2030, doubling the
1980 amount. The consumption of natural gas experienced some fluctuations between 1980 and 2010, before
reaching a predicted plateau at 20 quadrillion units per year starting from 2015.]

Compared with fossil fuels, the consumed amounts of solar and wind, hydro- and nuclear-power were very modest,
varying from three to eight quadrillion units per year since 1980. Interestingly, weak demands for these sources of
energy are expected until 2030, never coming close to 10 quadrillion units of annual consumption. The demand for
hydropower is even projected to fall, plunging from around five quadrillion units before 2000 to only three
quadrillion units in 2030.

45
Table of figures: Tm l bnh tnh
Tm l bnh tnh l iu quan trng nht khi phn tch mt bng biu; v rt c th mt bng biu chi cht s
liu s khin cho th sinh b chong ngp, dn n vic vit lung tung.

Bc 1: Hy bt u bng vic c v hiu thu o bi v bng biu ni v ci g; s liu v

n v s dng l ca ai (ai/ci g chim t l ca ci g).

Bc 2: Tip , khi phn tch bng biu, NG BAO GI nhn vo tng th chi cht s liu.
Thay vo , hy ch tm nhng s liu CAO NHT, THP NHT, CHNH LCH nht.

Bc 3: t nhng ci nht vo nhng phn tch c ngha

Table of figures: Phn tch c ngha l g?

Phn tch c ngha hiu mt cch n gin nht l nhng phn tch c
ni dung hp tnh, hp l v d hiu; c th minh ho bng khng qu
hai d liu trong cng mt cu.

Phn tch ny cn c t trn nn tng hiu bn cht s liu: ci g

chim % ca ci g

Cng c ngn ng
Th sinh cn thun thc ngn ng so snh nhiu d liu v th hin s
tng gim ca mt d liu qua thi gian (trends).

Mt s mu cu hu ch vi Table

A ng v tr CAO NHT, theo sau bi B,C, D

A topped the table at..., followed by B,C,D.

A took the lead, holding....per cent of the total surveyed..... It was followed by B (%), C (%), D (%).

A took the top/highest position at..., followed by B (%), C (%), D (%).

A ng v tr THP NHT trn bng biu

A took the bottom position/place at...

Ngoi nhng mu cu trn; chng ta c th a dng ha cch din t bng cc cch din t sau:

At the top/highest position was A, holding...per cent.

At the bottom/lowest position was A, holding only...per cent.
The top/bottom position was held by...

Yu cu thnh phm
Bi essay v bng biu cn m bo c nhng mu cu sau:

ng u - ng cui

so snh hn: gp i, ba, bn... | so snh km: bng na, 1/3, 3/4,...

s bin thin qua thi gian: tng, gim mnh, nh

46
A sample answer (177 words)

The table gives the statistics of the average length of online video commercials [=advertisements] of ten
products and services and the average time they are watched by online viewers. Overall, the average
length of original video commercials is 22.4 seconds, of which about half the length is watched.

Public service commercials topped the table [ng u bng] of original duration [ di gc] (45.8
seconds), followed by Entertainment and Automotive (27.8 and 27.2, respectively). At the bottom
places are Clothing (14.6 seconds), Consumer electronics (15.3 seconds) and Pharmaceuticals (16.6
seconds).

The column that gives information on viewing time reveals some interesting contrasts. Take other retail
products, while the average original duration is 21 seconds, the average time a viewer spend watching the
video advertisement is only 4.5 seconds, less than a quarter of the original length [cha n thi lng
gc].

On the contrary, viewers seem to be more focussed when watching online video commercials about
financial services, spending 16.3 out of the total length of 20.5 seconds watching the video
advertisements (nearly 80 per cent of the original length). On average, most of the video advertisements
manage to retain an online viewer for half of their original durations.

47
Pie | Bar | Line Review

Th sinh cn lun c k v hiu bn cht s liu

Ci g nm gi bao nhiu % ca Ci g

Th sinh cn nm chc 2 ci g ni trn

Th sinh cn din t c t l v s tng gim qua thi gian. Th sinh cn biu th c dng thi gian
trong cng mt cu.

Th sinh cn to cu phc hiu qu vi while (to tng phn) v which (b

sung thng tin so snh)

Trong khi A chim t l ln nht, B li chim t l nh nht. (hoc A

chim t l ln nht trong khi B chim t l nh nht)

A chim t l ln nht (%), (which) gp 3 ln t l nm gi bi B (%)

Cch din t khong thi gian trong Task 1

over a period of 25 years

over 25 years
over a 25-year period
over a quarter of a century
spanning 25 years from 1975 to 2000
from 1975 to 2000

Lu : khng thm s vo year khi t n vo v tr tnh t

Cch din t tui

Tui chnh xc
women who are 25 years old | women of 25 years of age | women aged 25 years

Nhm tui

women aged 25 years and older

women younger than 25

women aged from 25 to 30 | women in the 25-30 age group/range | women from 25 to 30 (years old)

48
Maps

y l dng bi d v s lng t vng s dng kh c nh; th sinh cn nm chc ng php passive

voice, s dng chun xc gii t ch a im/phng hng v b cc bi mch lc l c th c im
cao.

Cc dng : Bi Maps c 3 dng ph bin nh sau

1. Miu t MT khu vc [thi s dng: hin ti]

2. Miu t nhng a im c quy hoch xy

dng mt cng trnh g [thi ca ng t s dng:
hin ti v be to do]

3. Miu t s thay i qua thi gian ca mt khu

vc; s dch chuyn v thi gian c th t qu kh
qua hin ti n tng lai [thi s dng: qu kh,
hin ti, tng lai | lu : thi tng lai thng c
din t qua cu trc be to do hoc be planned to
do thay v will do]

49
B cc bi: do dng bi s 1 t ph bin hn nn phn b cc bi s tp trung vo dng bi s 2 v 3.

Overview: hy lun bt u phn thn bi bng mt block [paragraph] dnh cho ni dung overview,
tng qut 1 hoc 2 im ni bt nht. Tuy nhin, th sinh khng nn qu my mc v c nhng bi
KHNG D tm ra im g thc s ni bt lm overview.

Key details:
2: cch d nht l th sinh chia bi thnh tng block tng ng vi nhng a im c
quy hoch. Mi block s tp trung miu t chi tit a im quy hoch .

3: cch d nht l th sinh chia bi thnh tng block tng ng vi thi im; hy t
nhng t vng ch thi gian vo u on vn thng bo v cch b cc bi lm. V d:
in 1950. hoc in the past. >< at the present

Tip: mt tip rt hu ch l hy thuc lu nhng cch ni bng ting Vit v vi bi Maps, ting Vit v ting
Anh kh ging nhau. Khi u c s dng ngn ng quen thuc l ting Vit th ngi vit s thy thoi mi
hn, theo , vic vit v b cc bi mch lc cng d dng hn.

50
Maps: Key words

Xy dng: to build sth | to develop sth | to rebuild sth

Nm ti v tr:
B ng: be located at/in/on somewhere | be situated at/in/on somewhere | be
based at/in/on somewhere
Ch ng: to lie at/in/on somewhere

Cng trnh: a building | an establishment | a development

a im: an area | a site | a location

thm ngha cng trnh hay a im c quy hoch th th sinh ch vic thm
proposed hoc planned; v d: the planned location hay the planned site

Di di ci g: to move sth to somewhere | to relocate sth to somewhere

B ph b: be demolished | be knocked down | be removed

Thay th ci g vi ci g: to replace sth with sth | to convert sth into sth

| to turn sth into sth

Nhng ch cho ci g: to make way for | to give space to

M rng ci g: expand sth | extend sth | the expansion of sth | the

extention of sth

Thu hp ci g: to shrink sth | sth shrink | the contraction of sth

(con ng, con sng) chy ngang qua: to run across abc | to cross abc

(con ng, con sng) chy dc: to run along abc | the run along the
length of abc | to run through abc

51
Maps: Gii t ch v tr

on the left | on the right | on that side [th sinh cn nh lun s dng gii t on vi left,
right, side]

along sth | along with sth: song song vi ci g

across sth | crossing sth: ct ngang ci g

in/to the North: v pha Bc [s dng tng t vi pha Nam, ng, Ty]

near somewhere | close to somewhere: gn vi ci g

far from somewhere: xa ci g

5km off/from/away from somewhere: cch5km

52
Maps: Ng php s dng

Th sinh cn phi nm chc cch s dng gii t, passive voice v lu ng php di y.

Tnh ng: Trong bi Maps, cm din t ch a im c th ng linh hot hai v tr sau:

V ng: The town is located to the North of London.

Tnh ng: The town which is located to the North of London is very near. (tnh ng)

Vic s dng tnh ng s gip cho th sinh c th to ra cu phc mang rt nhiu thng tin.

o ng: y l cch a dng ha ng php s dng; v thc s n rt n gin nn th sinh

cn phi p dng chnh xc. V d, thay v ni: A nm bn cnh B th chng ta s o ngc li
Bn cnh B l A. Hy xem thm v d sau:

A golf course was constructed to the north of the airport. | o ng: In the North of the
airport is a golf course.

Hy lu , ng t ph bin nht khi o ng l to be v hy ch s dng cu trc o ng ny

khi c HAI a im c nu ra v c tng quan v v tr. Theo , cu di y khng th o
ng. | Khng o ng: The forest to the south of the river was cut down.

53
Maps: Mu cu Overview

Overview: th sinh s cn s dng nhng cch ni ph bin sau khu vc ny chng kin
nhng thay i ln trong thi gian , c khu vc thc s thay i hon ton, nhng
cng trnh c c xy dng li, c khu vc c hin i ha

Di y l mt s mu cu hu ch:

chng kin s thay i ton din: Over the period, the area witnessed dramatic changes. |
From 1995 to 2005, the city centre saw spectacular developments. | The village changed
considerably over the given period.

abc thay da i tht: During the 10 year period, the industrial area was totally transformed. |
Over the past 20 years, the residential area was totally reconstructed. | Over the time period, the
old docks were totally redeveloped.

c xy dng li: Between 1995 and 2005, the old houses were rebuilt. | The central
business district was completely modernised during the time period.

Miu t a im

The forest to the south of the river was cut down.

A golf course was constructed to the north of the airport.

The houses in the south-west of the town were demolished.

The green fields to the north-west of the city were redeveloped as a park.

The airport in the centre of the city was relocated to the north-east of the river.

The
school to
the south-
east was
knocked
down and a
new one
built to
the east of
the forest.

54
Miu t thay i vi cng trnh

The government demolished the industrial estate and developed a sports ground.

They removed the shops and replaced it with a skyscraper.

A port was constructed at the edge of the river.

The factory in the city centre was demolished and relocated to the north of the city.

The old warehouses were replaced with new hotels

55
Miu t thay i vi cc yu t khc v cnh quan

The forest was cut down and replaced with a

shopping centre.

The trees were cleared to make

way for houses.

The main road

was extended and a new
bridge built over the river.

A skate park was set up next

to the swimming pool.

A park was developed beside

the forest.

56
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

Below is a map of the city of Brandfield. City planners have decided to build a new shopping mall for the area,
and two sites, S1 and S2 have been proposed.

Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where
relevant.

Write at least 150 words.

The map illustrates plans for two possible sites for a shopping mall in the city of Brandfield. It can be seen that the
two sites under consideration are in the north and the south east of the town.

The first possible site for the shopping mall, S1, is just north of the city centre, above the railway line, which runs from
the south east of the city to the north west. If it is built here, it will be next to a large housing estate, thus providing
easy access for those living on the estate and in the city centre. It will also be next to the river, which runs through the
town.

The site in the south east, S2, is again just by the railway line and fairly close to the city centre, but it is near to an
industrial estate rather than housing.

There is a main road that runs through the city and is close to both sites, thus providing good road access to either
location. A large golf course and park in the west of the town prevents this area from being available as a site.

(Source: IELTS buddy, 190 words)

57
Diagrams

Miu t diagram l mt dng kh v th sinh thng mt bnh tnh khi nhn thy mt s phc tp v
c qu nhiu chi tit. V vy, iu cn nht l th sinh cn gi bnh tnh bit mnh cn phi lm g.

Diagrams: Nhng iu cn ghi nh

Th sinh cn c k v hiu bi

Khi nhn vo diagram, th sinh hy nhn vo hnh v v s dng hnh v tm cch hiu nhng t
vng mnh khng hiu. Lu : c nhng m k c vic miu t bng ting Vit cng l mt th thch.

58
Diagrams: Hng dn lp dn

Miu t b phn cu thnh: khng phi diagram no th sinh cng c th miu t. Nhng nu
cha hnh v m th sinh c th miu t, hy dnh MT body paragraph miu t s lc trong
03 cu. Tuy nhin, nu th sinh thy cc chi tit khng tht r rng hoc qu nhiu th hy b qua
khu ny.

Miu t quy trnh: th sinh cn chia r ra thnh tng bc/giai on miu t iu g xy ra trong
mi bc v giai on .

Lu : vic lp dn bi c th lm hon ton trong ting Vit. Hy lun nh diagram c th c RT NHIU

chi tit cn di bi vit ch c 150 t; v vy, vic lp dn bi l rt quan trng bo m th sinh
khng b qua nhng chi tit quan trng cng nh khng m m qu nhiu chi tit gy ri.

59
Ng php cho bi diagram

Passive Voice (B ng) | Adjective Clause (Mnh tnh ng) |

Time expressions (Cch din t thi gian)

Vi mnh tnh ng, ba key words th sinh cn ghi nh l which, when, where to ra s lin kt khi
din t nhng nh:
Ci g m. [which]
.khi n c/s lm g [when]
.ni m n s[where]

y, cng c biu th s tun t theo quy trnh:

At the beginning of the process | Next, | In the end,
After sth is done, clause | sth is done before it.
When sth is done,clause

T vng cho diagram

Th sinh thng s gp kh khn trong vic tm ng t ph hp miu t nhng g xy ra trong quy
trnh hay trong s . Kh khn ny s kh c gii quyt nu th sinh nht nh c chm chm tm t
vng l v chuyn ngnh miu t; n s bin mt nu th sinh tn dng nhng t vng n gin v
ph hp m mnh bit miu t chnh xc iu ang din ra.

Hy xem v d sau:

to generate electricity = to produce electricity | a wave approaches = a wave comes in | wave

retreats = wave goes out

a structure which is mounted on the side of a cliff = a structure which is put/fixed on the side a cliff

to apply pressure on their air within the column = to put/create pressure on their air inside the
column

the air from outside the column is sucked back in through the turbine = the air from outside the
column returns through the turbine

Cch luyn tp vi dng diagrams

Search Google UK theo key phrase IELTS Writing Task 1 Diagrams, la chn nhng kh (bow tie, hot
water)

T mnh lp dn bi v vit

Tham kho bi mu b sung mt s t vng v cch din t d hiu

Lu : khi tham kho bi mu, hy tp trung vo nhng t vng d hiu, ng m mi copy nhng th
cao siu.

60
Task 1: You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

The illustrations show how chocolate is produced.

Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where
relevant.

Write at least 150 words.

A sample answer (189 words)

The pictures show ten steps of a process to produce fresh and liquid chocolate, which will be described in
this essay.
Grown mainly in South America, Africa and Indonesia, cacao trees bear cacao pods which provide raw
inputs to start the process of chocolate making. When cacao pods are ripe, they turn red and will be
harvested for the white cacao beans. Next, the beans are fermented over a period of time before being
spread out in the sun to dry out.
When the white cacao beans are completely dried, they are put in large sacks, ready to be transported. In
the next step, trains or lorries are used to transport the packed cacao beans to factories where important
steps of producing liquid chocolate take place. In the factory, cacao beans are roasted at the maximum
temperature of 350 degrees Celsius. After this, the beans are to be crushed in a special machine which
removes their outer shells.
The process is complete at the tenth step when the inner contents of cacao beans are pressed under
heavy weights of two rollers in a machine to churn out liquid chocolate.

61
Task 1: nhng lu quan trng

Trong ting Anh, cch s dng du chm v du phy trong s hc hon ton NGC ting Vit

Nu dng ng php m khng th ni c n l cng thc g, ng php g th 90% mnh ang sai

Mch vit phi r, mi block vit 1 mch , mch ny phi hin ln r rng vi ngi c. Hiu bn cht
ca s liu th mi vit ng c

amount | quantity & number | percentage

amount + uncount noun
quantity + uncount/count noun | Quantity: trnh dng cho ngi; thay bng number
number + count noun
percentage: t l - tuyt i khng nhm ln bi c s liu c th vi bi t l

Tuyt i khng dng with vi s liu ch v

Hy ghi nh quy tc sau with phi l cm din t y v ch ng & ng t.

Ngi nhp c t chu chim s lng ng o nht vi .ngn ngi.

Ngi nhp c t chu chim s lng ng o nht vi .ngn ngi di c vo Anh.

The reduction of acid rain emissions can also be seen in other industries and domestic sector with
both halving the amount= The reduction of acid rain emissions can also be seen in other
industries and domestic sector with both sectors which halved the amount

Lu : chuyn ng t sau with thnh dng V-ing hoc -ed ph hp

thousands vs. thousand

thousand ch thm ui s khi pha trc khng c s c th v dng theo cng thc thousands + of +
sb/sth (hng ngn)

(khng c s liu) + thousands + of + sth | e.g. Thousands of people came to the wedding.

S liu + thousand + sth | e.g. Ten thousand people came to the wedding.

per cents: tuyt i khng thm s sau per cent

sth rise | raise sth

The number of immigrants from Asia raised dramatically from 49,000 to 58,000 over the same period

Dng chy thi gian

KHNG TO C FLOW: The trend of people who immigrated to the UK fluctuated from 1962 to
1992; but then it rocketed from 45 to 115 thousand. ( y, em dng it l khng chnh xc v the
trend u c th i vi ng t rocket)

TO C FLOW: The number of people who immigrated to the UK fluctuated over the period
from 1962 to 1992 before rocketing to 115 thousand in 2002.

Task 1: nhng lu quan trng (tip)

Tuyt i trnh li 2 ng t

SAI: The trend of people immigrated to the UK fluctuated.

NG: The trend of people who immigrated to the UK fluctuated. | The trend of people
immigrating to the UK fluctuated.

62
 SAI: Europe and Africa also shared the same pattern with the number of immigrants tripled in 2008.
NG: Europe and Africa also shared the same pattern with the number of immigrants tripling in
2008.

S t 1 n 10 vit bng ch

% vit thnh per cent hoc percent tr trng hp s liu t trong ngoc n

63
Task
2
64
P-E-E l g?

P-E-E l vit tt ca Point Explanation Examples. y l cng thc trnh by ngn gn v r rng cho
IELTS Writing Task 2.

Theo cng thc ny, mi lun im cn c hon thnh trong khng qu 3 cu

Cu 1 nu lun im
Cu 2 gii thch v m rng lun im mt cch logic
Cu 3 a ra v d minh ha gip cho lun im hin ln sinh ng v thuyt phc nht.

Th sinh cn linh hot khi p dng, nu nh cu Point tht s r rng v hon chnh ri, th sinh c th
khng cn vit hai cu Explanation v Example. Vic pht trin theo cng thc P-E-E cng c th di
hn 3 cu nhng trng hp ny l khng nhiu.
V d v pht trin P-E-E

Hng dn pht trin theo cng thc P-E-E

Cu hi: Nhiu ngi tin rng mn khi nghip/kinh doanh cn c dy t tm

b gip ngi tr thnh cng v sng trn vn. Ngc li, ngi khc li bo
khng nn lm th. Em hy tho lun c hai v a ra quan im ca mnh.

Di y l mt P-E-E cho khng ng tnh vi vic dy tr k nng v kin thc

kinh doanh.

nhiu quc gia, tr em v thanh thiu nin phi vt ln vi bi v nng n v

thi kha biu kn mt, vic thm mt mn hc na ch khin cho mi vic tr nn xu
i m thi khi ngi tr c qu t thi gian chi hay tp th thao. iu ny chng c
g tch cc khi chng ta bit th thao v cc hot ng th cht c tc dng rt tt i vi
s pht trin ca tr.

Cu 1 ni bi v hin ti nng ly u ra thi gian chi logic sau cu 1: Th chi c g m

quan trng th h?
Cu 2: Tr khng chi th c m t (gii quyt logic nu trn)

Bi essay bao gm nhiu lun im khc nhau gii quyt cu hi bi mi lun im c lng ha
thnh 1 P-E-E; v vy, th sinh c th luyn tp hng ngy vic pht trin 1 P-E-E thay v vit c bi rt mt
mi.

Task 2: CHECKLIST TRC KHI VIT

Trc khi bt tay vo vit, th sinh cn bo m hon thnh 3 vic sau:

1. Brainstorming (tm )

2. Selecting BEST ideas (chn )

3. Framing the idea following a complex structure (dng khung pht

trin )

Quan trng: Vic hon thnh nhng vic ny TRC KHI VIT l rt
quan trng. Nu khng, tc vit s b nh hng v vic pht trin khi vit s chm (v c th thiu
mch lc)
CHECKLIST TRC KHI VIT: Brainstorming
65
 c k v m bo hiu thng sut

Gch chn keywords trong

Hy ghp nhng keywords ny thnh 1 phrase c ngha (nn dch

sang ting Vit) v hc thuc m thanh

Th lng u c, ng k vn g g ht, c thanh thn i

C l c, ng ngh n chuyn ng sai

Hy tp trung vo a dng tng ng i su pht trin tng (mt thi

gian)

CHECKLIST TRC KHI VIT: Selecting BEST ideas

Hy gi li nhng ideas tt nht, gch b ton b nhng ideas khng lin quan

S lng: 1-2 ideas/body paragraph

Ideas nn b l nhng khng th ghp c v khng lin quan n

CHECKLIST TRC KHI VIT: Framing ideas

Vi mi idea gi li, hy dng thnh cu phc (bng ting Vit cng c) trong u

Kim tra bng cch ni ra mm; nu structure n, vic ni ra s nhanh, gn v d.

Frame theo logic nguyn nhn kt qu & tng phn

Hy dng frame theo cu trc gn nh (lean structure)

vi tng mnh :

A clause = 1 subject 1 verb 1 object

Bi v em yu anh, em s cho anh tt c.
(trnh by l do)
Mc d anh yu em, anh khng th cho em
tt c. (tng phn)
Nu em khng yu anh, anh s. (iu kin)

Bo m key phrase trong L MT PHN ca frame

66
Cha kha brainstorming thnh cng

Hc vin cn hiu mt iu quan trng rng vic bn c bao nhiu ideas khng quan trng bng vic bn
c bao nhiu relevant ideas 100 weak ideas < 1 strong relevant idea

Hc vin cn tuyt i trnh trn tr v dn vt suy ngh mi lc mi ni bi v s cng thng (mi lc)
s khin b no b mt v trit tiu kh nng sng to.

Thay vo , hc vin cn u tin cao nht cho cm nhn ca mnh:

vui khi nghe c 1 bn nhc hay
bun khi nhn thy 1 cnh khng vui
phn vn khi i din vi 1 iu g mnh khng thc s hiu ( i hi ngi khc, thay v giu
gim hoc gi rng mnh hiu)

iu then cht:
khng hiu th s khng th c c cm xc
hiu, hc vin s cn phi tra cu v nh cy n s gip ca ngi khc: chnh qu trnh
ny gip cho hc vin nng ng hn v hiu bit hn

Cha kha brainstorming thnh cng: hy lm nhng vic sau

Hc vin cn trung thc tuyt i vi bn thn bit: tng mnh tm ra c thc s tr li cu hi hay
khng.

Hy tm brainstorming partners: b m, thy c gio

y l nhng ngi gn gi sn sng gip mnh mi lc mi ni

y l nhng ngi gii v critical thinking c th vch ra flaws trong cc tng ca hc vin

Hc vin c th trnh by ming tng ca mnh v nghe phn hi

Hc vin pht trin theo cng thc PEE i tc c v phn hi

Partners cn gp theo tiu ch: tnh thuyt phc, c th v mch lc ca tng ideas | s lng
ideas

Khi b tng, hc vin tuyt i trnh vic nn tng; v rt c th vn c khi l 1 vng trng
xa trong b no - khng c th khng th tm c. Thay vo , hy dng Google UK c v np
kin thc nn trc - dng key phrase trong cu hi lm search phrases. Trong qu trnh c, hy
capture bt c tng, bnh lun no vt qua u mnh - ghi li ngn gn trong file TheBest_topic

Lu : hy linh hot v sng to trong vic search ti liu bng cch lin h cc vn chung c hi vi
con ngi c th, t nc c th, v vic c th

Art classes, such as painting and drawing, are as important for childrens development as other
subjects, so it should be compulsory in high school. Do you agree or disagree?

Key phrases: how Japanese schools teach arts

Trong cuc sng, hy capture nhng tng hay, ng n tri mt. Hng ngy mi ngi s lun ny
ra nhng tng hay - hy ghi chng li, ng tin vo tr nh. Vic ghi li v thc hin nhng tng hay
cng chnh l cch tn trng v nui dng cm xc trong i sng ca mnh.

67
Hng dn cch KHA
Th sinh c th kha cht lp lun vi bng cch lp li key phrase trong . Trong on trn,
th sinh s dng mt s cch din t ng ngha nh sau.

: young people do unpaid work

bi lm: a young person gives a helping hand | join voluntary work

Some people think that young people should be required to do unpaid work helping people in the
community. Are disadvantages of this requirement greater than the benefits for the community and
individuals?

Many people believe that the young should be required to do community work for free to help
people in need. I am convinced that this would bring more benefits than drawbacks to both
community and individuals.

There are several challenges which can arise when young people are called for unpaid community
work. (PEE 1) Firstly, not every young person or their family is willing to give a helping hand; for
example, in Vietnam, many parents are reluctant to let their children join voluntary work because
they may think their schoolwork is already a burden. In this case, efforts would be needed in order
to get their buy-in. (PEE 2)

Despite the above-mentioned challenges, benefits of young peoples participation in unpaid

community work are much greater. PEE 1 PEE 2.. PEE 3..

M bi cho IELTS Writing Task 2

IELTS Writing Task 2 lun c 2 phn:

nu vn (statement)
yu cu dnh cho th sinh (questions)

Vi cu trc nh vy, phn m bi ca th sinh cn lm c 2 vic:

nu li vn (paraphrasing statement)
tr li yu cu bi (giving answers)

Hng dn vit M bi cho IELTS Writing Task 2

Hy ch thay i t ng, ng thay i ngha (bad -> negative, bad -> good); v nu thay
i ngha, th sinh s c th phi sp xp li cch lp lun, dn n mt thi gian, sai v
mt i s r rng.

ng thay i cu trc v th t sp xp v cu

Khng qu 3 cu

hi g tr li ny (ng yu cu) | hi bao nhiu tr li by nhiu ( s lng yu

cu)

Khi hiu statement & questions, dch chng sang ting Vit tr li cho trng
68
M bi cho IELTS Writing Task 2: Mt s li thng gp ca th sinh IELTS
nu ra 2 lung kin tri ngc nhau v mt vn v yu cu th sinh phn tch c hai
nhng th sinh li khng nu li 2 lung ny trong m bi.

: Nhiu ngi cho rng nh trng cn dy gio dc gii tnh cho tr em; trong khi, nhiu ngi
khc li tin rng khng nn lm nh vy. Em hy phn tch c hai kin trn v cho bit quan
im ca mnh?

M bi SAI: Gio dc gii tnh cho tr em l mt vn gy tranh ci kch lit. Trong khi quyt
nh dy mn hc ny cho tr em mang li nhiu li ch cng nh thch thc, ti tin rng tr em
nn c dy v gio dc gii tnh.

a ra 1 quan im v 1 vn nhng th sinh li khng nhn c nht l khi 1 vn

li c trnh by bng 2 cu.

: Li sng hin i khin nhiu bc cha m c t thi gian cho con ci. Nhiu tr em thit thi v
chng khng nhn c s quan tm t b m nh trong qu kh. Em ng /khng ng n
u vi kin ny?

M bi SAI: ng l thi nay cha m bn rn thng dnh t thi gian hn cho con tr. Nhiu tr
em b b mc v b m chng khng quan tm ng mc. Ti ng vi kin ny mt phn no
; tuy nhin, ti tin rng c nhiu tr em vn c quan tm. ( kin ny l kin no trong 2
trn)

Hng dn sa: Th sinh cn tm ra logic gia 2 cu ghp chng li thnh 1 vn . Nh vy,

bi trn s c vit li nh sau: i sng hiu i khin b m c t thi gian hn cho con,
do vy, con ci phi gnh chu hu qu khi nhn c s quan tm ng mc ca cha m. (1 vn
).

Vit cu qu ct: hi ng /khng ng v th sinh ch tr li gn ln ti ng th cu

tr li ny qu ngn v ct.

69
Cc dng ph bin ca IELTS Writing Task 2

Phn tch c thun li v bt li ca mt vn (Discuss both the advantages and

disadvantages)

So snh thun li v bt li (Do the pros outweigh the cons)

Phn tch hai lung kin tri ngc nhau & hi quan im ca ngi vit (Discuss both
views and give your opinion)

Hi quan im ca ngi vit (To what extent do you agree or disagree with the opinion?)

Cu hi vn (What are problems and what are solutions?)

70
Template dng bi Phn tch C thun li v bt li
(Discuss both the advantages and disadvantages)

M bi: (paraphrasing statement) This essay will discuss both the pros and cons of this
trend/decision/activity.

pros and cons = advantages and disadvantages = benefits and drawbacks

Thn bi
Body 1: This trend/development/activity has several (dis)advantages. Firstly, Secondly, .
Thirdly,.. Finally,.

Body 2: However, the (dis)advantages of cannot be denied. To begin with,.Furthermore,. In

addition,. Last but not least,.
Task 2: In some countries, shopping online is replacing shopping at store. Discuss both the pros and cons of this
trend.

In many countries, online shopping has experienced an unstoppable rise of popularity and eclipsed in-store
shopping. I believe the trend has both pros and cons, which will be analysed in this essay.

The negative impacts of shopping online have been much discussed. To begin with, as online customers cannot
touch and feel the product physically before making the buying decision, the delivered item may not match their
expectations. This may result in customers frustration as their time and money are wasted on something they
are not satisfied with. Moreover, when people place orders and complete their payment online/complete their
online transactions, they run the risk of being victimised by computer crimes, such as ID theft. As a sad truth,
e-commerce has been a breeding ground for hi-tech crimes as not every online customer knows how to protect
their personal information. In addition, now that the process of buying things online is eased, many fail to resist the
temptation to buy more. This not only creates a financial burden on an individual but also add a significant
pressure on the environment, taking into account/considering the staggering volumes of waste produced every
day.

Despite the disadvantages, online shopping has its unique advantages. Firstly, shopping online helps save peoples
time and efforts as they have things delivered to door without having to move away from their desks. Secondly,
this trend helps promote international trade as goods and services are now enabled to move transnationally. On
a smaller scale, the trend is good for small businesses and sole traders as they can set up a business and start
making profit without spending too much on rents or staffing. Last but not least, as brands compete to win
customers hearts online, customers can enjoy much more freedom of choice. This helps create smarter
consumers and inspire companies to strive for better products and services.

In the end, the above analyses show that shopping online has both pros and cons; however, I believe it is an
inevitable trend given the fast- paced development of e-commerce.

to experience sth (v): tri nghim ci g (thng l mt iu g khng hay, mt cm gic khng d chu)

an unstoppable rise of popularity

y l cm danh t, trong vn cnh ny, c th hiu ngha l ln nh diu gp gi

to eclipse sth: ln lt, ln t ci g

in-store shopping: mua bn ti ca hng

pros and cons = advantages and disadvantages | a unique advantage: li th ring c

a negative/positive impact: nh hng tiu cc/tch cc

sth have/has been much discussed: mt ch c bn lun nhiu

to begin with,
y l cm discourse marker vi chc nng thng bo vi ngi c rng y l u tin ti mun ni
71
to make the buying decision: ra quyt nh mua hng

the delivered item/product: sn phm c giao ti khch hng

to match sbs expectations: ng nh k vng ca ai

to result in + sth: li hu qu, dn n kt qu l y sth chnh l hu/kt qu

(the) frustration of | sbs frustration: s tht vng ca ai

time and money be wasted on sth: thi gian v tin bc b lng ph ln ci g (khng ng)

to be satisfied with sth: hi lng vi ci g

to run the risk of + Ving: c nguy c b lm sao

to be victimised by: tr thnh nn nhn ca hnh ng g

computer crimes: ti phm trc tuyn/ti phm cng ngh | ID theft: n cp thng tin c nhn | hi-tech crimes: ti
phm cng ngh cao

As a sad truth,
y l cm discourse marker bo hiu cho ngi c rng thng tin sau y l mt thc t bun

e-commerce: thng mi in t

a breeding ground for sth: ni nui dng nhng mm mng ca. (thng l ca nhng th xu xa)

to know how to do sth: bit cch lm g

to ease sth: lm cho ci g tr nn d dng hn

to fail to do sth | to fail to resist the temptation to do sth: tht bi trong vic lm g | tht bi trong vic cng li
sc hp dn ca vic lm g

a financial burden on sb/sth: gnh nng ti chnh t ln vai ca ai/ci g | a significant pressure on sb/sth: mt
sc p ln t ln ai/ci g

taking sth into account, | taking into account sth, | considering + sth
Hai cm ny u l discourse markers, c s dng vi ngha cn nhc nhng iu va c ni/cn nhc iu
g

the staggering volume(s) of sth: khi lng, s lng rt ln ca ci g

waste produced everyday | waste which is produced everyday: lng rc thi ra hng ngy

to have things done | to have things delivered to door

y l dng passive c bit, kh dch sang ting Vit, nhng rt c a chung trong ting Anh, nn hc cch
dng

to move away from their desks: i khi bn lm vic ca h

help do sth: gip lm vic g

to promote international trade: gip pht trin, xc tin thng mi quc t

goods/products and services: hng ha v dch v (hai t ny thng i lin nhau)

enable sb/sth to do sth | sb/sth be enabled to do sth: to iu kin, gip ai lm g

to move transnationally: di chuyn qua bin gii

On a smaller scale,

72
y li l mt cm discourse markers bo hiu vi ngi c rng, vn va c bn s c nhn nhn mt
phng din, tm c nh hn

small businesses: doanh nghip nh

sole trader(s): tiu thng, ngi bun bn nh l

to set up a business: lp nn mt doanh nghip

to start making profit | to make a profit of + $$$ | to make a profit out of/on sth: c li, li bao nhiu, li t u

to spend too much on rents or staffing: tiu tn qu nhiu vo thu ca hng, a im v nhn cng

brand(s): thng hiu, bi ny, n c dng vi ngha thng hiu hoc cc cng ty

to compete: cnh tranh

to win customers hearts: chim c tri tim/tnh cm ca khch hng

the freedom of choice: quyn t do la chn

smarter consumers: nh tiu dng thng thi

to inspire companies to strive for better products and services: c v, truyn cm hng cc cng ty n lc
sn xut ra sn phm v dch v

an inevitable trend: xu hng tt yu

given + sth
given l discourse marker th hin ngha rng ngi c s hiu ti sao nu bit v sth; hiu r hn, hy xem
cu sau: In the end, the above analyses show that shopping online has both pros and cons; however, I believe it is an
inevitable trend given the fast- paced development of e-commerce. [Kt lun l, nhng phn tch bn trn cho
thy mua sm online c c mt tt v mt cha tt; tuy nhin, ti tin rng y l mt xu hng tt yu, nu nh
chng ta nhn vo tc pht trin nhanh chng ca thng mi in t ngy nay.]

the fast- paced development of e-commerce: tc pht trin nhanh chng ca thng mi in t

Participle adjectives [excited vs. exciting, interested vs. interesting]

Tnh t c cu to t ng t bng cch thm ui ing hoc ed. y l ch ng php kh n
gin nhng li rt d sai vi nhng th sinh c nn tng ting Anh khng tht vng. Hy ghi nh iu sau:
nhng tnh t c ui ed s to ra ngha b ng v ch cm gic nhiu hn.

an interesting movie [mt b phim hay interesting ch thuc tnh ca b phim]

an interested audience [mt khn gi quan tm interested ch trng thi b ng khi khn gi b
thu ht bi mt iu g v hnh thnh nn cm gic quan tm]
..
an exciting book [mt cun sch hay exciting ch thuc tnh ca cun sch]
an excited reader [mt c gi b li cun bi - excited ch trng thi b ng khi c gi b thu
ht bi iu g trong sch v hnh thnh nn cm gic b li cun] The reader was excited by
something.
.
a surprising news [mt thng tin ng ngc nhin surprising y l thuc tnh ca tin tc, n
gy ngc nhin cho cng chng]
a surprised audience [mt cng chng c cm gic ngc nhin]

Now that + clause, SVO

y l cm din t c dng nu l do, d hiu, chng ta c th thay Now that + clause =
Because + clause | e.g. Now that the process of buying things online is eased, many fail to resist the temptation
to buy more. [Do qu trnh mua bn trn mng hin tr nn d dng hn, nhiu ngi khng th cng li sc
ht ca n v mua sm qu nhiu.]

73
Not onlybut also
y l cm din t th hin ngha khng nhngm cn; khi s dng, th sinh cn lu , not only
khng thuc v cu trc ph nh, tc l n khng c ghp vi tr ng t to tn hiu ph nh nh
do not/be not. Hy nh, v tr v chc nng ca cm ny ging ht v tr v chc nng ca trng ng
trong cu.

The war caused not only destruction and death but also generations of hatred between the two
communities. [not only ng sau hoc trc ng t thng]
The car not only is economical but also feels good to drive. [not only ng sau hoc trc ng t
to be hoc ng t thng]
This investigation is not only one that is continuing and worldwide but also one that we expect to
continue for quite some time.

Lu quan trng: trong c ba v d trn nhng thnh phn ng sau not only v but also c chc
nng ging nhau v l loi t ging nhau. y cng l cch th sinh kim tra xem mnh s dng cu trc
chun hay cha.

74
Template dng bi SO SNH thun li v bt li (Do the pros outweigh the cons?)

M bi: (paraphrasing statement)

Tip theo th sinh c th la chn mt trong cc cu sau
I believe that the pros outweigh the cons.
I am convinced that the advantages outstrip the disadvantages.
I think the benefits eclipse any possible shortcomings/drawbacks.
I think this trend/development/activity brings more pros than cons/more advantages than
disadvantages/benefits than drawbacks.

Thn bi 1: Th sinh c th la chn mt trong cc la chn sau lm cu ch . Sau , th sinh i thng

vo tng im thun li hoc bt li vi cc t ni nh firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally,
It is undeniable that the trend/activity brings about some advantages/disadvantages.
It is true that the trend/activity brings about some advantages/disadvantages.

Thn bi 2: However, the pros as discussed above are outweighed/outstripped/eclipsed by the cons. Lu
: mt no yu th hoc t hn th trnh by on 1 b cc ny s gip tn trong body 2 ln.

Task 2: Childrens education is expensive. In some countries, the government pays some of or all of the
costs. Do the advantages outweigh its disadvantages?

A sample answer (309 words)

In many countries, governments pay for children's education in part or in full, acknowledging the
expensive costs of this level of education. I believe that this policy brings about more advantages than
disadvantages.

It is true that funding children's schooling is not an easy task for a number of reasons. First, doing so will
add burdens on the state budget as it would need several years of continuous funding before a child
gets to another level of study. More importantly, in populous countries, the number of children getting
into the school age only keeps rising and adds pressures on government's budgets. Second,
corruption can be a concern in countries where transparency barely exists. For example, in Vietnam, if
the government is to subsidise children's education, chances are that corrupt local authorities will
manipulate numbers to steal tax-payers' money.

Despite above considerations, I am convinced that supporting families in paying for their children' education
offers more good than bad. First, this will promote the education-for-all agenda and improve equality
among school children. To explain, since many families cannot afford to pay for their children's schooling,
their children may not be able to go to school without government's financial support. This leads to an
inequality in access to basic education that children have to experience from an early age.
Furthermore, governments' subsidies for children's education herald their far-sighted vision when they
invest in future generations. Since many talents can come from a poor background, missing the
opportunity to get them to school equals a missed opportunity to nurture a talent which can make a
great contribution to the country later on.

In conclusion, I am of the opinion that free (or partly free) schooling should be provided for children for the
above-mentioned reasons. More importantly, doing so will put words into actions and shows that
governments are taking children's education seriously.

in part or in full (trng ng): mt phn hoc ton b

to acknowledge sth = to accept sth as the truth

The government won't even acknowledge the existence of the problem. [Chnh ph thm ch s
khng tha nhn s tn ti ca vn ]

75
 You must acknowledge the truth of her argument. [Bn phi tha nhn nhng ci ng trong nhng
lp lun ca c y]

to fund sth = to sponsor sth = to provide funds for sth

children's schooling = childrens education

to add burdens on the state budget: t thm gnh nng ln ngn sch quc gia

several years of continuous funding: vi nm h tr ti chnh khng ngng ngh

to get to another level of study: ln mt bc hc khc

a populous country: quc gia ng dn

only keep rising: ch c tng ln (m thi)

to add pressures on government's budgets: t p lc ln ngn sch chnh ph

corruption: tnh trng tham nhng

a concern: mt mi lo ngi

transparency: s minh bch

barely = almost not: hu nh khng

to exist: tn ti

be to subsidise: (s) h tr, tr cp, tr gi [cm ny s dng cng thc be + to do th hin ngha hnh ng
ang ni n c th nm trong k hoch ca chnh ph nhng cha c g l chc chn 100%]

to manipulate numbers: thao tng, iu khin cc con s

to steal tax-payers' money: n trm tin thu ca dn

to offer more good than bad: mang li nhiu li ch hn

the education-for-all agenda : chng trnh gio dc dnh cho tt c mi ngi

to afford to pay: iu kin chi tr cho ci g

an inequality in access to basic education: s bt cng trong tip cn gio dc c bn

to experience sth from an early age: tri nghim iu g t lc cn nh

to herald ones far-sighted vision: h l mt tm nhn rng ln ca ai

to invest in future generations: u t cho cc th h tng lai

76
a poor background: mt hon cnh/gia cnh/xut thn ngho kh

to get sb to school: a ai n trng

to equal sth: tng ng vi, ng ngha vi

a missed opportunity: mt c hi b b l

to nurture a talent: nui dng mt ti nng

later on (trng ng): sau ny, v sau

I am of the opinion that: ti thin v kin cho rng.

to put words into actions: bin li ni thnh hnh ng

to take sb/sth seriously: coi trng ai, ci g

77
Template dng bi Phn tch 2 lung kin v hi kin ca th sinh (Discuss both
these views and give your opinion)

M bi: Vi dng ny, th sinh cn nu r C 2 LUNG KIN

ngay t m bi bng nhng cch din t nh: c nhiu ngi tin
rng; tuy nhin, ngi khc li KHNG ngh nh vy.

Ngoi ra, v yu cu th 2 ca , hi quan im ca ngi vit, th

sinh cng cn tr li ngay t m bi. Vic tr li ny khng nht thit
l phi i vo ni dung c th m ch cn tit l rng ti s nu
kin ca c nhn ti trong bi lun ny.

Phn paraphrasing statement cn lm ni bt 2 LUNG KIN theo

mt s gi sau
Many people think that.; however, others advise against it.
Many people believe that.; by contrast, others disagree with this.
Although many people are convinced that, others hold a totally opposite opinion.

Lu :
ni dung ngi khc khng ng KHNG tch thnh cu ring v n ngn, nu ng ring th
c th s nghe ct ln

cm din t others advise against it rt gn v hay nhng n cn hp vi vn cnh. Nu v

trc c ni dung ai c khuyn ngh lm g/ c khuyn lm g th v sau mi nn dng
cch din t ny (v bn thn n mang ngha khuyn bo).

Phn answering the questions: vi dng cu hi ny, th sinh c hai cch tr li nh sau
This essay will discuss both points of view and present my own opinion.
Although I am more in favour of the former/latter opinion, this essay will discuss both view points.

Thn bi
Topic sentence cho dng bi ny kh hn mt cht v th sinh cn phi paraphrase 2 lung kin trong
khi va lm iu trn m bi.

Di y l cch vit topic sentence ng vi 2 cch trin khai:

Cch 1: chia 2 lung kin thnh 2 body paragraphs, kin ca ngi vit cho vo kt lun
Body 1: People think that.for the following reasons. | There are reasons why people hold a belief
that | There are reasons why people hold a belief for/against sth.

Body 2: However, other people do not think that | However, other people disagree that |
Nevertheless, other people reccommend V-ing/not doing sth

Cch 2: chia 2 lung kin thnh 2 body, kin ca ngi vit trng vi kin trong body 2.
Body 1: People think that.for the following reasons. | There are reasons why people hold a belief
that | There are reasons why people hold a belief for/against sth.

Body 2: I agree with the opinion that. | I am in favour of the opinion that.

78
Some people think that being born to a poor country is a bad luck while others believe that it only helps fuel ones
aspirations to succeed. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

A sample answer (343 words)

Many people think that being born to a poor country is unlucky while others believe that it only motivates one to
work harder to achieve success. Although I am more in favour of the latter opinion, this essay will discuss both
views.

There are several reasons for the belief that being born to a third-world country is a bad luck. First, a country can
be impoverished because of rampant corruption and a lack of transparency. As a tax payer in a corrupt
country, one can hardly be happy when his or her money is wasted or stolen by corrupt officials. More importantly,
in the absence of transparency he or she would see little hope in tracing where the money goes. Secondly,
poverty can block people's access to education and health care services. The resulting lack of knowledge and skills
may lead to grim career prospects while limited access to health care services, in a worst-case scenario, may put
an end to ones life.

However, I believe that poverty only makes people stronger. To begin with, poor people are often left with no
choice but to fight, be it a fight for hope or, simply, food. While people in rich countries can live on social
security benefits, citizens of poorer countries often have to work harder to survive. Furthermore, endless struggles
can teach people survival lessons that they normally do not find anywhere else. Japan offers an excellent example
of how poverty and sufferings were turned into dreams and aspirations when the Japanese magically
transformed their country into a superpower after the Second World War. Last but not least, living in a poorer
country, people are constantly required to change and adapt as change and adaptability are exactly what it needs
to get them out of poverty. In contrast, living in a well developed society, people may feel complacent and less
motivated to strive for success.

In conclusion, I believe that a poor background should never be an excuse for not trying; instead, the challenges
would help gear them up for a brighter future.

to be born to: sinh ra [vo mt gia nh/t nc no ]

only: trng t ny kh d dng tng sc thi nhn mnh; vi sc thi ngha ny, mc d ngha ting Vit vn l
ch nhng khng lm gim trng lng ca li ni, s vt, hin tng m li tng ln. Hy xem hai v d sau:

it only motivates one to work harder to achieve success (n ch khch l ngi ta chm ch hn )
poverty only makes people stronger (ci ngho ch gip ngi ta mnh m hn m thi)

to motivate sb to do sth: khch l ai lm g

to be in favour of sth: ng h, thin v ci g

the belief that + clause: nim tin rng

a third-world country: quc gia th gii th ba

a bad luck: vn ri, s en

impoverished (adj): ngho kh

rampant corruption: tnh trng tham nhng trn lan

a lack of transparency: tnh trng khng minh bch

a tax payer: ngi ng thu

a corrupt country: mt quc gia tham nhng

one = any person

79
can hardly/barely be happy = almost cannot be happy

hardly v barely mang sc thi ph nh vi ngha hu nh khng

in the absence of transparency: thiu vng i s minh bch

little | a little: y l hai t vng hay b dng sai, ch little = almost nothing [sc thi tiu cc] cn a little =
some [sc thi tch cc] | Cch dng tng t vi few dnh cho danh t m c.

I got a little money to buy a new car. [Ti cng c cht t tin mua 1 con xe t y.]
I have little money left in my bank account. [Ti gn nh chng cn xu no trong ngn hng c.]

to trace: ln theo ci g

to block people's access to: ngn mi ngi tip cn vi ci g; y l cch dch ngha thun vi ting Vit cn
trn thc t access gi vai tr danh t v d trn

the resulting lack of knowledge: s thiu ht kin thc (m l hu qu ca vic ngn chn mi ngi tip cn vi
gio dc). resulting l tnh t vi v tr ng trc danh t biu th ngha: s vt, hin tng xy ra l kt
qu/hu qu ca iu g va c nhc n trc

grim career prospects: tng lai ngh nghip m m

limited access: s tip cn hn ch

health care services: dch v chm sc y t

a worst-case scenario: mt trng hp, tnh hung xu nht

to put an end to ones life: chm dt mt cuc i, cp i mt sinh mng

to make sb stronger: khin ai tr nn mnh m hn

to begin with, : dng cm t ny khi mun bt u u tin, ng qun ch with

to leave sb with hardly any choice but to do sth | to leave sb no choice but to do sth | to be left with no choice
but to do sth: ai khng c la chn no khc ngoi

be it a fight for hope or, simply, food = whether it is a fght for hope or food: cu trc be +it + sth rt hay khi din
t d n c l A hay hoc

to live on social security benefits: sng nh phc li x hi

endless struggles: nhng cuc tranh u khng ngng ngh/bt tn

survival lessons: nhng bi hc sng st/tn ti

to offer an excellent example: mang li mt v d tuyt vi

sufferings: nhng kh au

to turn sth into dreams and aspirations: bin ci g thnh kh au v m c

the Japanese magically transformed their country into a superpower: ngi Nht Bn bin i t nc
mnh mt cch thn k thnh mt quc gia siu cng

constantly (adv): lin tc

to require sb to do sth | sb be required to do sth: yu cu ai lm g

to adapt to | adaptability: thch nghi | s thch nghi

80
what it needs to get them out of poverty: y it khng m ch ai/ci g, n n thun ch l ch ng gi | to get
sth out of sth: cu ai khi ci g

a well developed society: mt x hi pht trin y

feel/be complacent: cm gic t mn

less motivated to strive for success: [cm thy] t c ng lc vn ln thnh cng

a poor background: xut thn ngho kh

an excuse for sth: l do, gii thch, bao bin cho ci g

to gear sb up for sth: khi ng ai sn sng cho ci g

to get: y l mt ng t quen thuc, tuy vy, cch dng ca n trong ting Anh rt a dng v c th gy kh khn
cho ngi hc. Tuy nhin, nu dng quen th s rt thch v nrt tin. Hy hc thuc mt s cch dng sau:
[+ adj] She had to get the kids ready for school.
[+ past participle] I'm trying to get this article finished for Thursday.
We get our milk delivered.
[+ -ing verb] Haven't you got the photocopier working yet? | [+ to infinitive] I can't get my computer to work!
[+sb+out of sth] get people out of poverty

Lu : v d c nh du * cho thy ngi hc khng phi bn tm v cu trc get sb/sth + Ving hay + to do v c
hai u ng. Ngi hc cn hc thuc nhng v d cn li.

81
Template dng bi Bn ng hay khng ng ? (To what extent do you agree or
disagree?)
M bi: (paraphrasing statement)
I totally agree/disagree with the idea that.
I only agree in part with the idea. | I partly agree with the idea for the following reasons.

Topic sentence s vo thng l do ng , khng ng .

Hng dn vit topic sentence

Hon ton ng /khng ng : topic sentence i thng vo tng l do ng hoc khng ng .

ng /khng ng mt phn: c nhiu cch din t bng ting Anh, tuy nhin, topic sentence ca 2
on body phi th hin r quan im ca mi on. Cch ph bin nht l bt u on bng cm din
t c nhiu l do tin rng. (There are reasons to believe that.)

Task 2: "During the 20th century, contact between different parts from the world develop rapidly thanks to
air travel and telecommunication.

To what extent do you agree that societies benefit from the increased contact and closer relationships with
foreigners brought by international tourism and business?"

A sample answer (274 words)

In the 20th century, a closer link has been created among different parts of the world thanks to the
revolutionary affordability of air travel and ground-shaking development of telecommunication. I
strongly agree that societies only benefit from enhanced relationships among people from different
countries, enabled by international tourism and business.

Societies benefit from a better connected world in many ways. Firstly, the digital revolution and more
affordable air travel led to a faster flow of products and services transnationally, which creates an
enabling environment for business to thrive. That countries are performing better business-wise helps
consolidate the world stability as it helps improve a nations economic independence. Secondly, the
trend gives every individual a better opportunity to travel overseas and experience new cultures. For
example, budget airlines made international travels more affordable for young people; seeing the world
firsthand, the young will learn precious lessons which cannot be taught. Thirdly, individuals can use new
services and products which are freshly launched a thousand miles away within just a few days; for
example, iPhone fans in Vietnam can have its latest model only several days after its launch in the US.
Last but not least, the flattening/the flattening of the world means poorer countries can learn best
practices from developed countries to shorten their journey to prosperity. As an exemplar for this,
Singapore has become a highly developed country after few decades by seizing its opportunities to build
links with the developed world.

In conclusion, although globalisation brought about a number of formidable challenges, I believe creating
an environment which enables an enhanced contact with international partners is the key to success for
any nation.
a closer link = an enhanced relationship/contact: mi quan h gn gi hn, c tht cht hn

among different parts of the world: gia nhng khu vc khc nhau trn th gii

the revolutionary affordability of air travel | more affordable air travel: s thay i mang tnh cht cch
mng trong gi v hng khng | i li bng my bay vi gi v phi chng hn

the ground-shaking development of telecommunication: s pht trin mang tnh t ph ca vin

thng

an enhanced relationship: mi quan h gn gi hn, c tht cht hn

a better connected world: mt th gii c kt ni tt hn

82
the digital revolution: cuc cch mng s

a faster flow of products and services transnationally: dng lu thng nhanh mnh hn ca sn phm
v dch v

an enabling environment: mt mi trng thun li

to thrive: pht trin

business-wise (adv): v phng din kinh doanh

to consolidate the world stability: cng c s n nh ca th gii

economic independence: s c lp v kinh t

to travel: du lch, thm th

budget airlines: cc hng hng khng gi r

to see the world firsthand: t mnh tri nghim th gii

the young: nhng ngi tr (s nhiu)

a thousand miles away: cch xa hng ngn dm

within just a few days: ch trong vi ngy

the latest model: mu m mi nht

the flattening world/the flattening of the world: th gii phng | s phng ra ca th gii

to learn best practices from developed countries: hc tp nhng cch lm tin tin nht t nhng quc
gia pht trin

to shorten their journey to prosperity: rt ngn con ng i ti thnh vng

an exemplar: v d tiu biu

to seize an opportunity: nm ly c hi

to build links with the developed world: xy dng mi quan h vi th gii pht trin

a formidable challenge: mt thch thc ln

an enhanced contact/link: mi quan h c tng cng
the key to success: cha kha dn n thnh cng
[That + SV] + V = The fact that
That countries are performing better business-wise helps consolidate the world stability as it helps
improve a nations economic independence.

83
Template dng bi Cu hi vn (problems & solutions)
M bi: (paraphrasing statement) + tr li cu hi ca . Cu sau y c th xo i, xo li trong cc
hi v nguyn nhn v kt qu:

This essay will discuss several causes and suggest some solutions to tackle this issue.
Suggested causes and solutions for this issue are presented in this essay.

Lu : c th thay th t discuss bng suggest hay present; this issue l mt t trung tnh v d s
dng trong khi problem mang ngha tiu cc hn [vn nn] v challenge cng mang ngha kh nng
[thch thc].

Thn bi: y l dng bi yu cu th sinh phn tch nguyn nhn v gii php; di y l hai cch b
cc bi th sinh c th s dng:

Cch 1: Mi body paragraph l mt cm nguyn nhn i km gii php

Cch 2: 1 body dnh cho nguyn nhn v 1 body dnh cho gii php

Body paragraph 1 - topic sentence:

There are different reasons to explain for the issue.
The challenge/problem/issue is caused by different factors.

Body paragraph 2 - topic sentence:

Suggested solutions include a, b, c. | Lu : a,b,c l tm lc nhng gii php chnh s c nu
trong ni dung chi tit; thng thng a,b,c phi c chc nng danh t.

Solutions to tackle the issue are presented/suggested as below.

Task 2: Economic progress is one way to measure a country's success. What other factors do you think
should be concerned when measure the success of a country? In these factors, which one is the most
important?

A sample answer (250 words)

A strong economy is one measure of a country's success, but I believe good governance and the
intellectual and physical power of its young population are equally important. In my opinion, good
governance has the utmost importance of all.

First and foremost, the ability to think and innovate of young people plays a vital role in building a
knowledge-based economy, which determines the sustainable development of a country. This explains why
highly developed countries created policies to attract young talents from overseas to come and work in their
countries.

Second, a young population in a physically good shape also heralds a bright future of a country. Take
Japan, they were once small and short as regards physical measurements; however, this sad truth was
turned into an aspiration to change and a nation-wide campaign to encourage children to drink milk. The
strategy paid off as today hardly can any other country look down on Japanese people physically.

Finally, good governance is a key criterion to inform the success of a country. Good governance means a
transparent and corruption-free governmental system which makes and executes policies for the sake of its
people. In Vietnam, the rampant corruption in almost every governmental agency betrays people's and
investors' trust, weakens the economy and slows down its progress.

In conclusion, I believe it is the trust-based governance that determines a country's future because whether
its young population is healthy and intellectually competitive or not totally depends on the right strategy
made by the central government.

84
In recent years, there has been growing interest in the relationship between equality and personal
achievement.Some people believe that individuals can achieve more in egalitarian [bnh ng] societies.
Others believe that high levels of personal achievement are possible only if individuals are free to succeed
or fail according to their individual merits.

What is your view of the relationship between equality and personal success?

A sample answer (277 words)

How equality relates to personal achievements has been a question of great interest over the past few
years. While many think people can achieve much more in an egalitarian society, others believe that people
can be flying high if they draw on their own merits and have every right to succeed (or fail). In my
opinion, equality lays the foundation for personal achievements and self-satisfaction.

A society that gives all of its members a fair share is an enabling environment in which people can rise
to their own heights. For example, the past saw disabled people struggle with their day-to-day lives and
personal achievements was quite a luxury by then. Things have changed as today people with disabilities
can be tasked with managerial roles and important responsibilities, given that measures have been taken
to maximise their chances to have equal opportunities. Gender equality also offers many success stories
of those who were once disadvantaged in the society. Gone are the days women were confined in
homes doing housework; thanks to relentless movements for women's rights, they now have their say in
areas which were dominated by men, namely politics, sciences, amongst others. Had it not been for the
firm foundation of equality, this could have never been achieved.

To conclude, in an equal society, people are inspired to focus on one goal which is to succeed while, in
other societies, people often find it much easier to be put off by corruption and inequality. This explains
why prosperous countries often consider equality one of the key factors that drive a nation forward as
they simply understand that personal achievements and self-satisfaction are a sustainable source of
wealth.

equality: s bnh ng | gender equality: vn bnh ng gii | inequality: s bt bnh ng

to relate to: lin h vi ci g, lin quan n ci g | e.g. How equality relates to personal achievements has
been a question of great interest. [Bnh ng c lin h nh th no vi thnh tu c nhn vn lun l mt
cu hi c nhiu ngi quan tm]

a question of great interest: mt cu hi c quan tm

the past/last few years: nhng nm va quan. Lu : lun s dng thi hin ti hon thnh khi dng cm
ny.

egalitarian: bnh ng, cng bng | an egalitarian society: mt x hi cng bng

to be flying high = to be very successful Lu : cm to be flying high mang tnh thnh ng, khng t
i to be flying thnh to fly

to draw on sth: da vo ci g, ly ci g lm nn tng y l t vng nn hc v d dng v ngi Anh

rt thch s dng | e.g. She had a wealth of experience to draw on. [C y c c mt kho kinh nghim
da vo.]

sbs own merits: thnh tu/phm cht ca ring ai | merit: u im @ Brierley's book has the merit of
being both informative and readable. [Cun sch ca Bierley c u im l va giu thng tin va d c]

to have every right to do sth: c y quyn lm mt vic g

to lay the foundation for: t nn tng cho ci g

personal achievements: nhng thnh tu c nhn

85
self-satisfaction: s hi lng ca/v bn thn

a fair share: phn chia cng bng

an enabling environment: mt mi trng thun li gip c nhn/doanh nghip pht trin

to rise to sbs own heights: vn ln nh cao s nghip

the past saw sb did sth: qu kh chng kin | e.g. the past saw disabled people struggle with their
day-to-day lives [qu kh chng kin ngi khuyt tt phi vt ln nh th no vi cuc sng hng
ngy]

disabled people | people with disabilities: ngi khuyt tt

to struggle with sth | to struggle with day-to-day lives: vt ln vi ci g

to be quite + sth | e.g. quite a luxury [cng l mt s xa x] | Three hours is quite a chunk out of
my working day.[Ba ting ng h qu l mt khong thi gian ng k trong ngy lm vic ca ti y.]

by then: vo lc

to be tasked with doing sth = to be given a task of doing sth | Lu : th sinh cn dng V-ing sau with

managerial roles: cc v tr qun l

given that | given sth

given l discourse marker th hin ngha rng ngi c s hiu ti sao nu bit v iu ny; e.g. In
the end, the above analyses show that shopping online has both pros and cons; however, I believe it is an
inevitable trend given the fast-paced development of e-commerce. [Kt lun l, nhng phn tch bn trn
cho thy mua sm online c c mt tt v mt cha tt; tuy nhin, ti tin rng y l mt xu hng tt yu,
nu nh chng ta nhn vo tc pht trin nhanh chng ca thng mi in t ngy nay.]

measure(s): bin php

success story/stories: cu chuyn (v) thnh cng

disadvantaged children/areas: tr em kh khn, khu vc kh khn

Gone are the days.: qua ri nhng ngy | e.g. Gone are the days women were confined in homes
doing housework. [ qua ri nhng ngy ph n b nht trong nh lm vic]

to be confined in somewhere: b nht, giam lng u | Lu : vi t vng ny, tt nht th sinh nn

kim tra t in Anh Anh khi dng

relentless movements for sth: cc phong tro u tranh khng ngng ngh v ci g

women's rights: quyn ph n

to have a, some, etc. say in sth: c ting ni trong vic g | e.g. The staff had little/no say in
the restructuring of the company. [Nhn vin chng c ting ni g trong qu trnh ti c cu cng ty.]

to dominate sth: thng tr

namely: s dng khi a v d hoc lm r ci g

86
 We need to get more teachers into the classrooms where they're most needed, namely in
high poverty areas. [Chng ta cn a nhiu gio vin n nhng ni cn h nht, v d nh
nhng vng c bit kh khn]
I learned an important lesson when I lost my job, namely that nothing is a
hundred percent guaranteed. [Ti hc c bi hc quan trng khi mt vic, l: khng c g
bo m 100% c]

Had it not been for sth, SVO: nu khng c ci g, nu khng nh vo ci g | e.g. Had it not been for the
firm foundation of equality, opportunities for all could have never been achieved. [Nu khng nh nn tng
vng chc ca s bn vng, c hi bnh ng cho mi ngi s khng bao gi t c.]

to inspire sb to do sth: truyn cm hng ai lm g

put sb off sth: lm ai mt hng, ght lm g

School dinners put me off cabbage for ever. [Nhng ba n trng khin ti s mn ci bp
lun.]
[Passive] I was put off working with her by things her former colleagues had told me. [Ti mt hng
lm vic vi c y sau khi nghe nhng g ng nghip c ca c y k.]
[+ -ing verb] Personally, I didn't enjoy the film, but don't let that put you off going. [Th tht l ti
cng khng thch th g b phim, nhng cng ng v th m mt hng nh.]

corruption: s tham nhng

prosperous (adj) | prosperity: thnh vng | s thnh vng

a key factor: nhn t then cht

to drive a nation forward: thc y t nc i ln

a sustainable source of wealth: mt ngun ca ci bn vng

Had it not been for = If it wasnt/werent for = If it hadnt been for.: Nu nh khng nh vo.

y l mu cu rt ph bin nn th sinh cn hc thuc s dng chnh xc; lu : v sau lun dng

would have + past participle | e.g. If it wasn't for the life jacket, I would have drowned. [Nu khng nh ci
o phao th chc l ti cht ui ri.]

hear, see, notice, watch + object + do/doing sth

y l mt s ng t c cch dng c bit, ng tth hai s dng nht thit phi dng nguyn th
khng to hoc dng V-ing

She heard the doorbell ring and went to answer it. | Not: She heard the doorbell to ring
I watched the woman come out of the house and get into a car. | Not: I watched the woman came
out of the house and got into a car.

87
Task 2: nhng lu quan trng

M bi KHNG C copy ton b hoc 70% (tr ln) bi

Lun to cu phc bng logic: nguyn nhn kt qu | tng phn

Hy lun tm cch bin v d thnh 1 phn pht trin lp lun, thay v ch gi tn vn .

Lun ch ti cu topic sentence v bo m n chnh l cu tr li 1 trong cc yu cu ca

Nu dng ng php m khng th ni c n l cng thc g, ng php g th 90% mnh ang sai

Sau although KHNG BAO GI c dng du phy; c although th KHNG BAO GI nh km

however

Kha cht bi + M bi + Topic sentence + PEE bng key words trong

d c hay n u m khng tr li bi th cng khng c gi tr

Vic sp xp li cng c th to logic hp l hn

V d cng cn phi th hin t duy phn tch, pht trin lp lun, ch khng phi n thun ch nu tn
s vt, hin tng. Cch pht trin lp lun d nht l tm ra 2 logic: nguyn nhn kt qu | tng phn

Th sinh cn bo m s ton vn ca ni dung statement, khng tha, khng thiu, khng thay i.

88
GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY
the super successful | the self-made rich
special noun
Thm qun t the vo tnh t to danh t, th sinh lu s dng ng t s nhiu vi dng danh t
ny

Its simply a wealth-building strategy that gives him an edge above the rest of us.
Phrase: it is sb who did sth | it is sth that.
Cu trc cu nhn mnh, rt ph bin v hu ch trong ting Anh. Ngha: chnh ai lm g | chnh iu g
.
It is exams colleagues who are impressive.
It is the way they played that won the hearts of their fans.

a well-documented fact | punishing period | debilitating cramps

Participle adjectives

past participle (phn t 2): tnh t to ngha b ng

V-ing: tnh t to ngha ch ng

Lu : mt s tnh t nh surprised, interested, excited rt hay b dng sai.

Sai: I am going to Maldives next week, I am so exciting about it!

ng: I am going to Maldives next week, I am so excited about it! It will be an exciting experience.

Hy ghi nh nhng tnh t nh surprised, interested, excited l dng cho ngi, ch cm xc ca con
ngi.

shipments actually contracted 4% year-on-year

Verb: to contract = to shrink = to become smaller

Adj/adv: year on year/year over year

y l cm t kh d dng v hiu qu ng dng cho Task 1 vi ngha (tng gim bao nhiu) so vi
cng k nm trc
Apple reports more than 100% year-on-year growth in sales (adj).
Profits were down/up 11% on a year-over-year basis (adj).
Profits were down/up 11% year on year (adv).

given (adj): dng khi ni v mt thng tin c sn trong , biu (a given year/period)

Mnh tnh ng biu th ngha ca ai, ca ci g

Paris Hilton whose family is in the rich list is a spoilt girl | Electronics of which sales rose from 22% in 2005
to 32% in 2010 topped the list.

worsen | feature | fill

special verbs
Nhng ng t trn c th s dng c linh hot c dng b ng v ch ng

the situation worsens quickly. | worsen a situation.

Brad Pitt is to feature in Speilbergs next film. | The film features Brad Pitt.
The nightclub fills quickly with. | people of all ages filled the nightclub.

make it
phrasal verb
y l cch din t rt ph bin trong ting Anh, bt c ngi hc no cng phi s dng thun thc.
make it thng c dng vi ngha lm c vic g
The interview is scheduled for. Can you make it? (ie. can you come)
She made it to the finale of Britains Got Talent.
89
have yet to do sth
tricky adverb
ngha ca cm ny l vn cha lm g
The full details have yet to be confirmed.
They have yet to make a decision.

(the film) leaves you feeling as if a mood has been captured on the screen
Verb: to leave sb sth | to leave sb/sth + V-ing/p2

leave sb sth hoc leave sb with sth l cch din t ph bin trong ting Anh, th sinh cn hc s
dng cho bi thi IELTS. Mt tnh hung ph bin gn vi ting Vit l cho ai hu nh KHNG CN la
chn v li cho ai cm xc g.

The movie left me with an unforgettable impression.

Losing my job left me with no choice but to take on any offer. | Losing job left me with hardly any
choice but to take on

this building atmosphere results in all of them having the desire to break out | The film concludes with
them acting on their desire to leave
grammar
Cu trc verb + objective + V-ing hoc verb + preposition + V-ing l ni dung ng php kh ph bin
trong ting Anh th sinh cn nm chc hiu v s dng. Hy xem so snh sau:

Informal
to result in them having the desire to break out
The film concludes with them acting on their
desire
I am so happy about her coming to my party.
Formal
to result in their having the desire to break out
The film concludes with their acting on their desire
I am so happy about Daisys coming to my party!

In doing so he receives the money from the hospital = Upon doing sth = By doing sth
Phrase
In doing sth/ Upon doing sth/ By doing sth l nhng phrase rt hu ch trong IELTS Writing, th sinh c
th s dng din t phng thc thc hin t c mt kt qu no .
By saving water in your daily activities, we are contributing to saving this planet.

..unspooling a stream of words without actually revealing very much.

without doing sth

y l mt phrase hu ch trong c ni v vit, gip cho ngi c mt cng din t di dng. Phrase
ny mang ngha ...m khng cn phi lm g.

the developed world vs. the underdeveloped world

phrase
Mt s ng dng khc tng t bao gm developed countries, developing countries, underdeveloped
countries, third-world countries

The debate is far from over.

useful phrase
y far from sth l mt phrase hu ch v kh ging vi cch ni trong ting Vit mang ngha cn xa, cn
lu mi...

The debate is far from over. (cuc tranh ci cn lu mi n hi kt)

Jim, selfish? Far from it hes probably one of the kindest people I know.
We were far from disappointed when they told us they couldnt come to visit.

90
to fall short of
useful phrasal verb

y l mt phrasal verb ph bin mang ngha khng p ng c iu g

August car sales fell short of the industrys expectations.
The agency falls short of its mission to protect public health.

-related
y l mt cch cu to t ph bin th sinh cn ghi nh
Stress-related illness/disease
Work-related stress
Performance-related pay

Tip: use YouTube to search for pronunciations of names

Hoisin | Spirulina

life-threatening reactions foodie | a genome editing technique

genetically modified organisms | cultured animal products | animal-derived casein

word building

Hy phn bit genetically modifying cells v genetically modified organisms

to access sth | to get access to sth

people can access to the information

As regards sth
As regards to sth

to remain stable | to stay stable

to remain stably

a slight decrease
a slightly decrease

one of the best ways

one of the best way

Task 1&2: where & when adjective clause

Ghi nh: mnh tnh ng where & when cn c tip ni bng mnh hon chnh vi cm
Subject + Verb

Nhm ln trong vic s dng mnh tnh ng where l mt li sai kh ph bin m th sinh cn trnh v
y l li c bn. Hy xem v d sau:

Overall, the UKs population increased gradually over the given period except from 1972 to 1982 when
witnessed a slight fall.

Overall, the UKs population increased gradually over the given period except for years from 1972 to
1982 when it witnessed a slight fall.

We could see that Asia was the area where accounted for the most number of immigrants.

We could see that Asia was the area which accounted for the most number of immigrants.

91
Test compilations

92
Test 1

Task 1: You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

The pie charts show the electricity generated in Germany and France from all sources and renewables in
the year 2009.
Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where
relevant.
Write at least 150 words.

Task 2: Many people believe that an effective public transport system is a key component of a modern city.
Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of public transport.

You should spend about 40 minutes on this task. Write at least 250 words.

Test 2
Task 1: You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.
93
The pie chart shows the percentage of women in poverty and the bar chart shows poverty rates by sex and
age. They are from the United States in 2008.

Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where
relevant.

Write at least 150 words.

Task 2: Today many people using the Internet can see advertisements that reflect their personal interests.
Do the advantages of these personalised advertising outweigh the disadvantages?
You should spend about 40 minutes on this task. Write at least 250 words.

94
Test 3

Task 1

You should spend about 20 minutes on

this task. The graph below shows the
population figures of different types of
turtles in India between 1980 and 2012.

Summarise the information by selecting

and reporting the main features, and
make comparisons where relevant.
Write at least 150 words.

Task 2: Some people believe that entrepreneurship should be taught from an early age to help young
people succeed and live to the fullest. In contrast, others think that it is not recommended. Discuss both
views and give your opinion.

You should spend about 40 minutes on this task. Write at least 250 words.

95
Test 4

Task 2: Some people think that scientists experimenting animals in a laboratory is the only way we can
guarantee new products will be safe for human use. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this
opinion?

You should spend about 40 minutes on this task. Write at least 250 words.

96
Test 5

Task 1: You should spend about 20 minutes on this

task.

The diagrams below show the changes that

have taken place at Queen Mary Hospital since
its construction in 1960.

Summarise the information by selecting and

reporting the main features, and make
comparisons where relevant.

Write at least 150 words.

Task 2: To some people studying the past has little value in the modern world. Why do you think it is
important to do so? What will be the effect if children are not taught history?

You should spend about 40 minutes on this task. Write at least 250 words.

97
Test 6

You should spend about 20 minutes on

this task.

The diagrams show a structure that is

used to generate electricity from wave
power.

Summarise the information by selecting

and reporting the main features, and
make comparisons where relevant.

Write at least 150 words.

Task 2: Few languages are increasingly

spoken in different countries, while the
usage of others is rapidly declining. Is this
a positive or a negative development?
You should spend about 40 minutes on
this task. Write at least 250 words.

98
Test 7

Task 2: In some countries, governments are encouraging industries and businesses to move to regional
areas outside the big cities. Do the advantages of this trend outweigh the disadvantages?

You should spend about 40 minutes on this task. Write at least 250 words.

99
Test 8

Task 2: Some
people say children
no longer need to
develop handwriting
skills. Others believe that handwriting is still important. Discuss both these views and give your opinion.
You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.

You should spend about 40 minutes on this task. Write at least 250 words.

100
Test 9
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

The table below presents the number of children ever born to women aged 40-44 years in Australia
for each year the information was collected since 1981.

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons
where relevant.

Write at least 150 words.

Number of children ever born, Women aged 4044 years

Four or
One Two Three more
None child children children children
year % % % % %

2006 15.9 13.2 38.3 21.5 11.0

1996 12.8 11.3 38.2 24.6 13.1
1986 9.7 8.7 35.6 27.0 18.9
1981 8.5 7.6 29.0 27.4 27.6
Source: ABS Births Australia 2001, 2006 (3301.0)

Task 2: You should spend about 40 minutes on this task. Write about the following topic:

It is believed that people who read for pleasure can develop better imagination and language skills
than people who prefer to watch TV.

To what extent do you agree or disagree with this argument? Give reasons for your answer and include any
relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.
Write at least 250 words.

101
Test 10
The table below shows the in which sector of the economy different age groups were employed.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, making comparisons where
relevant

Task 2: In many parts of the world, children and teenagers are committing more crimes. Why is this
happening? How should they be punished?
You should spend about 40 minutes on this task. Write at least 250 words.

102
Task 1 Compilation

Pie charts

1: You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

The diagrams below show UK students' responses to the question of to what extent would they
describe themselves as financially organised.

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons
where relevant.

Write at least 150 words.

Very organised %
All students 21

Age up to 22 years 18
Age 23-25 years 26
Age over 26 years 35
Source: http://www.unite-group.co.uk/binaries/MungoBlobs-1350377092294.pdf

103
 2: You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

The pie charts below show the average household expenditures in a country in 1950 and 2010.

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons
where relevant.

Write at least 150 words.

Average Household Expenditures by Major Category

3: The chart and graph below give information about sales and share prices for Coca-Cola.
Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below.

You should write at least 150 words.

You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

Bar charts

104
 1: You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

The chart below gives information about science qualifications held by people in two countries.

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons
where relevant.

Write at least 150 words.

105
 2: You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

The bar chart below shows the percentage of students who passed their high school competency
exams, by subject and gender, during the period 2010-2011.

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons
where relevant.

Write at least 150 words.

Students passing high school competency exams, by subject and gender, 2010-2011

*includes French, German and Spanish

106
 3: You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

The chart below shows the number of travellers using three major airports in New York City
between 1995 and 2000.

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons
where relevant.

Write at least 150 words.

107
Line graph

1: You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

Eating sweet foods produces acid in the mouth, which can cause tooth decay. (High acid levels are
measured by low pH values)

Describe the information below and discuss the implications for dental health.

You should write at least 150 words.

2: You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

The graph below shows radio and television audiences throughout the day in 1992.

Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below.

Write at least 150 words.

108
 3: You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

The graph and table below give information about water use worldwide and water consumption in
two different countries.

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons
where relevant.

Write at least 150 words.

Country Population Irrigated land Water consumption per person

Brazil 176 million 26,500 km 359 m

Democratic
Republic 5.2 million 100 km 8 m
of Congo

109
 4: You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

The graph below shows the differences in wheat exports over three different areas.

Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below.

Write at least 150 words.

110
 5: You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

The graph below gives information about international tourist arrivals in five countries.

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons
where relevant.

Write at least 150 words.

111
 6: You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

The graph below shows the changes in food consumption by Chinese people between 1985 and
2010.

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons
where relevant.

Write at least 150 words.

112
Table

1: You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

The table below shows the worldwide market share of the notebook computer market for
manufacturers in the years 2006 and 2007.

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons
where relevant.

Write at least 150 words.

Company 2006 % Market Share 2007 % Market Share

HP 31.4 34
Dell 16.6 20.2
Acer 11.6 10.7
Toshiba 6.2 7.3
Lenovo 6.6 6.2
Fujitsu-Siemens 4.8 2.3
Others 22.8 19.3
Total 100 100

113
 2: You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

The table below shows the cinema viewing figures for films by country, in millions.

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons
where relevant.

Write at least 150 words.

Cinema viewing figures for films by country, in millions

Action Romance Comedy Horror Totals

India 8 7.5 6.5 2.5 24.5

Ireland 7.6 3.8 5.5 6.4 23.3
New
7.2 4.5 3.9 4.7 20.3
Zealand
Japan 7.1 4.5 4 2.2 17.8
15.8
Total 29.9 20.3 19.9

3: You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

The table below shows the number of medals won by the top ten countries in the London 2012
Olympic Games. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make
comparisons where relevant. Write at least 150 words.

London 2012 Olympic Games Medal Table

Rank by
Country Gold Silver Bronze Total
Gold
1 United States 46 29 29 104
2 China 38 27 23 88
3 Great Britain 29 17 19 65
4 Russia 24 26 32 82
5 South Korea 13 8 7 28
6 Germany 11 19 14 44
7 France 11 11 12 34
8 Italy 8 9 11 28
9 Hungary 8 4 5 17
10 Australia 7 16 12 35
Source: http://www.london2012.com/medals/medal-count/

4: You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

114
The table below shows the average band scores for students from different language groups taking
the IELTS General Test in 2010.

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons
where relevant.

Write at least 150 words.

Listening Reading Writing Speaking Overall

German 6.8 6.3 6.6 6.9 6.7

French 6.3 6.1 6.5 6.6 6.5

Indonesian 6.3 6.1 6.1 6.7 6.3

Malay 6.2 6.4 6.0 6.6 6.4

115
 5: You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

The tables below give information about the amount of beer and fruit juice consumed per person
per year in different countries.

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons
where relevant.

Write at least 150 words.

Beer*

1 Ireland 155 litres

2 Germany 119 litres

3 Austria 106 litres

4 Belgium 98 litres

5 Denmark 98 litres

6 United Kingdom 97 litres

7 Australia 89 litres

8 United States 85 litres

9 Netherlands 80 litres

10 Finland 79 litres

Fruite juice*

1 Canada 52.6 litres

2 United States 42.8 litres

3 Germany 38.6 litres

4 Austria 37.3 litres

5 Sweden 35.5 litres

6 Australia 34.4 litres

7 Finland 33 litres

8 United Kingdom 29.3 litres

9 Netherlands 28.1 litres

10 New Zealand 24.8 litres

*Litres per person per year

116
 6: You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

The table below shows the proportion of different categories of families living in poverty in
Australia in 1999.

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons
where relevant.

You should write at least 150 words.

Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.

Proportion of people from each

Family type
household type living in poverty

single aged person 6% (54,000)

aged couple 4% (48,000)

single, no children 19% (359,000)

couple, no children 7% (211,000)

sole parent 21% (232,000)

couple with children 12% (933,000)

all households 11% (1,837,000)

117
Maps

1: You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

The map below is of the town of Canterbury. A new school (S) is planned for the area. The map
shows two possible sites for the school.

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons
where relevant.

Write at least 150 words.

118
 2: You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

The map below is of the town of Garlsdon. A new supermarket (S) is planned for the town. The map
shows two possible sites for the supermarket.

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons
where relevant.

You should write at least 150 words.

Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.

119
 3: The two maps below show an island, before and after the construction of some tourist facilities.

120
 4: You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

The maps below show the changes that have taken place at the seaside town of Brinslow between
1990 and 2005.

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where
relevant.

121
 5: The diagrams below show the development of a small fishing village and its surrounding area into a
large European tourist resort.

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons
where relevant.

122
 6: The map below shows three proposed sites for a new hypermarket (A, B and C) in the city of
Pellington.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and making
comparisons where relevant. Write at least 150 words.

123
Diagram

1:

124
 2: You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

The diagram below shows how a central heating system in a house works.

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons
where relevant.

You should write at least 150 words.

125
 3: You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

The diagrams below give information about the Eiffel Tower in Paris and an outline project to
extend it underground.

Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown.

You should write at least 150 words.

126
 4: You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

The following diagram shows how greenhouse gases trap energy from the Sun.
Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below.

Write at least 150 words.

127
 5: You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

The diagram below shows the production of electricity using a system called Ocean Thermal
Energy Conversion (OTEC).

Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information below.

Write at least 150 words.

How Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) works

Source: Daily Telegraph - 8th Jan 2008

128
 6: You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

The diagram below shows the production of steam using a gas cooled nuclear reactor.

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons
where relevant.

Write at least 150 words.

129
Task 2 Compilation

BOTH pros and cons

1. In some countries young people are encouraged to work or travel for a year between finishing high
school and starting university studies. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages for young people
who decide to do this.
2. Childrens education is expensive. In some countries, the government pay some of or all of the
costs. Discuss both the pros and cons of the government doing this.
3. It is now possible for scientists and tourists to travel to remote natural environment, such as south
pole. Discuss both the pros and cons of this trend.
4. People have different job expectations for jobs. Some people prefer to do the same job for the same
company, whereas others prefer to change jobs frequently. Write about the advantages and
disadvantages of each viewpoint?
5. It is becoming more and more difficult to escape the influence of the media on our lives.Discuss the
advantages and disadvantages of living in a media rich society.
6. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of having a car.

COMPARE pros and cons

1. Some people think that young people should be required to do unpaid work helping people in the
community. Are disadvantages of this requirement greater than the benefits for the community and
individuals?
2. People look for some source of energy like gas and oil in the remote and untouched area. Do you
think its advantages outweigh their disadvantages?
3. Some people regard video games as harmless fun, or even as a useful educational tool. Others,
however, believe that videos games are having an adverse effect on the people who play them. In
your opinion, do the drawbacks of video games outweigh the benefits?
4. More and more students are choosing to study at colleges and universities in a foreign country. Do
the benefits of studying abroad outweigh the drawbacks?
5. Increasing global trade has led to the use of many items, including everyday items, produced in
other countries which must be transported long distances. To what extent do the advantages of this
outweigh the disadvantages?
6. Some people think that good health is important to everyone, so medical services should not be run
by profit-making companies. Do the disadvantages of private health care outweigh the
disadvantages?

BOTH views
1. Some people think that introducing new technology can improve peoples quality of life in
developing countries. However, others believe that free education should be offered. Discuss both
views and give your opinion.
2. Some people think that governments should ban dangerous sports, while others think people should
have freedom to do any sports or activity. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
3. Some people think success in life comes from hard work and determination. Others think money
and appearance are more importance. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
4. Some people believe that a crime is a result of social problems and poverty. Others think that crime
is a result of a bad persons nature. Discuss and give your opinion.
5. Developments in technology has brought various environmental problems. Some believe that
people need to live simpler lives to solve environmental problems. Others, however, believe
technology is the way to solve these problems. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
6. Some people think that there should be some strict controls about noise. Others think that they
could just make as much noise as they want. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

AGREE or DISAGREE
130
 1. Art classes, such as painting and drawing, are as important for childrens development as other
subjects, so it should be compulsory in high school. Do you agree or disagree?
2. According to those in the travel business, the nature of the average 'holiday' is changing. Rather
than seeking a relaxing break in a far-away place, people now want excitement on their holidays
and are keen to participate in unusual and challenging activities. Do you agree or disagree?
3. Some people think that shops should not be allowed to sell food or drinks that are scientifically
proven to be bad for peoples health. Do you agree or disagree?
4. It is important for all towns and cities to have large public spaces such as squares and parks. Do
you agree or disagree with this statement?
5. Some people who have been in prison become good citizens later. Some people think that having
these people to give a talk to school students is the best way to tell them about dangers of
committing a crime. Do you agree or disagree?
6. It is better for people to be unemployed than people to be employed but they do not enjoy. Do you
agree or disagree?

Wh- questions
1. Many young people who leave school hold a negative attitude towards learning. Why does this
happen? What are the solutions?
2. Many students find it difficult to concentrate or pay attention at school.What are the reasons? What
could be done?
3. In recent years, more and more people tend to live individually. What are the causes of this trend?
Does this have a positive or negative effect on society?
4. An increasing number of advertisements on TV aim at children. What are the effects of television
advertising? Should television advertising be controlled?
5. We have been living in the nuclear age now for over half a century. Since the first atomic bombs
were developed, nuclear technology has provided governments with the ability to totally destroy the
planet. Yet the technology has been put to positive use as an energy source and in certain areas of
medicine.
To what extent is nuclear technology a danger to life on Earth? What are the benefits and risks
associated with its use?
6. Some people enjoy change, and they look forward to new experiences. Others like their lives to stay
the same, and they do not change their usual habits. Compare these two approaches to life. Which
approach do you prefer? Explain why.

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