B T V NG Ielts Reading - Ielts I-Ready

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Lời nói đầu
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 TÀI LIỆU BỘ TỪ VỰNG TRONG IELTS READING
Như các em đã biết trong quá trình ôn luyện Reading thì việc học từ vựng là rất rất quan trọng.
Để hỗ trợ thêm các em, đội ngũ chuyên môn của Ielts I-Ready đã biên soạn tài liệu "Bộ từ vựng
Reading" bao gồm tổng cộng 2880 từ chia theo 3 cấp độ được tổng hợp từ các quyển Cam 10 –
17.
Hy vọng cuốn tài liệu sẽ giúp chúng ta học từ vựng được dễ dàng và hiệu quả hơn.
Chúc các em sớm đạt Aim!
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MỤC LỤC
CAMBRIDGE 10 ............................................................................................................................. 7
Reading test 1 ....................................................................................................................... 7
PASSAGE 1 ............................................................................................................................. 7
PASSAGE 2 ........................................................................................................................... 10
PASSAGE 3 ........................................................................................................................... 13
Reading test 2 ..................................................................................................................... 17
PASSAGE 1 ........................................................................................................................... 17
PASSAGE 2 ........................................................................................................................... 20
PASSAGE 3 ........................................................................................................................... 24
Reading test 3 ..................................................................................................................... 27
PASSAGE 1 ........................................................................................................................... 27
PASSAGE 2 ........................................................................................................................... 30
PASSAGE 3 ........................................................................................................................... 34
Reading test 4 ..................................................................................................................... 37
PASSAGE 1 ........................................................................................................................... 37
PASSAGE 2 ........................................................................................................................... 41
PASSAGE 3 ........................................................................................................................... 44
CAMBRIDGE 11 ........................................................................................................................... 49
Reading test 1 ..................................................................................................................... 49
PASSAGE 1 ........................................................................................................................... 49
PASSAGE 2 ........................................................................................................................... 52
PASSAGE 3 ........................................................................................................................... 55
Reading test 2 ..................................................................................................................... 59
PASSAGE 1 ........................................................................................................................... 59
PASSAGE 2 ........................................................................................................................... 62
PASSAGE 3 ........................................................................................................................... 65
Reading test 3 ..................................................................................................................... 69
PASSAGE 1 ........................................................................................................................... 69
PASSAGE 2 ........................................................................................................................... 72
PASSAGE 3 ........................................................................................................................... 75
Reading test 4 ..................................................................................................................... 77
PASSAGE 1 ........................................................................................................................... 77
PASSAGE 2 ........................................................................................................................... 79
PASSAGE 3 ........................................................................................................................... 81
CAMBRIDGE 12 ........................................................................................................................... 84
Reading test 1 ..................................................................................................................... 84
PASSAGE 1 ........................................................................................................................... 84
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PASSAGE 2 ........................................................................................................................... 86
PASSAGE 3 ........................................................................................................................... 88
Reading test 2 ..................................................................................................................... 90
PASSAGE 1 ........................................................................................................................... 90
PASSAGE 2 ........................................................................................................................... 92
PASSAGE 3 ........................................................................................................................... 94
Reading test 3 ..................................................................................................................... 96
PASSAGE 1 ........................................................................................................................... 96
PASSAGE 2 ........................................................................................................................... 98
PASSAGE 3 ......................................................................................................................... 100
Reading test 4 ................................................................................................................... 102
PASSAGE 1 ......................................................................................................................... 102
PASSAGE 2 ......................................................................................................................... 104
PASSAGE 3 ......................................................................................................................... 106
CAMBRIDGE 13 ......................................................................................................................... 109
Reading test 1 ................................................................................................................... 109
PASSAGE 1 ......................................................................................................................... 109
PASSAGE 2 ......................................................................................................................... 112
PASSAGE 3 ......................................................................................................................... 118
Reading test 2 ................................................................................................................... 121
PASSAGE 1 ......................................................................................................................... 121
PASSAGE 2 ......................................................................................................................... 123
PASSAGE 3 ......................................................................................................................... 126
Reading test 3 ................................................................................................................... 129
PASSAGE 1 ......................................................................................................................... 129
PASSAGE 2 ......................................................................................................................... 132
PASSAGE 3 ......................................................................................................................... 135
Reading test 4 ................................................................................................................... 138
PASSAGE 1 ......................................................................................................................... 138
PASSAGE 2 ......................................................................................................................... 141
PASSAGE 3 ......................................................................................................................... 144
CAMBRIDGE 14 ......................................................................................................................... 148
Reading test 1 ................................................................................................................... 148
PASSAGE 1 ......................................................................................................................... 148
PASSAGE 2 ......................................................................................................................... 151
PASSAGE 3 ......................................................................................................................... 154
Reading test 2 ................................................................................................................... 157
PASSAGE 1 ......................................................................................................................... 157
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PASSAGE 2 ......................................................................................................................... 160
PASSAGE 3 ......................................................................................................................... 164
Reading test 3 ................................................................................................................... 167
PASSAGE 1 ......................................................................................................................... 167
PASSAGE 2 ......................................................................................................................... 169
PASSAGE 3 ......................................................................................................................... 173
CAMBRIDGE 15 ......................................................................................................................... 177
Reading test 1 ................................................................................................................... 177
PASSAGE 1 ......................................................................................................................... 177
PASSAGE 2 ......................................................................................................................... 180
PASSAGE 3 ......................................................................................................................... 183
Reading test 2 ................................................................................................................... 186
PASSAGE 1 ......................................................................................................................... 186
PASSAGE 2 ......................................................................................................................... 189
PASSAGE 3 ......................................................................................................................... 192
Reading test 3 ................................................................................................................... 196
PASSAGE 1 ......................................................................................................................... 196
PASSAGE 2 ......................................................................................................................... 199
PASSAGE 3 ......................................................................................................................... 202
Reading test 4 ................................................................................................................... 205
PASSAGE 1 ......................................................................................................................... 205
PASSAGE 2 ......................................................................................................................... 208
PASSAGE 3 ......................................................................................................................... 211
CAMBRIDGE 16 ......................................................................................................................... 215
Reading test 1 ................................................................................................................... 215
PASSAGE 1 ......................................................................................................................... 215
PASSAGE 2 ......................................................................................................................... 218
PASSAGE 3 ......................................................................................................................... 221
Reading test 2 ................................................................................................................... 224
PASSAGE 1 ......................................................................................................................... 224
PASSAGE 2 ......................................................................................................................... 227
PASSAGE 3 ......................................................................................................................... 230
Reading test 3 ................................................................................................................... 233
PASSAGE 1 ......................................................................................................................... 233
PASSAGE 2 ......................................................................................................................... 237
PASSAGE 3 ......................................................................................................................... 241
Reading test 4 ................................................................................................................... 244
PASSAGE 1 ......................................................................................................................... 244
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PASSAGE 2 ......................................................................................................................... 248
PASSAGE 3 ......................................................................................................................... 251
CAMBRIDGE 17 ......................................................................................................................... 256
Reading test 1 ................................................................................................................... 256
PASSAGE 1 ......................................................................................................................... 256
PASSAGE 2 ......................................................................................................................... 259
PASSAGE 3 ......................................................................................................................... 263
Reading test 2 ................................................................................................................... 267
PASSAGE 1 ......................................................................................................................... 267
PASSAGE 2 ......................................................................................................................... 270
PASSAGE 3 ......................................................................................................................... 274
Reading test 3 ................................................................................................................... 277
PASSAGE 1 ......................................................................................................................... 277
PASSAGE 2 ......................................................................................................................... 281
PASSAGE 3 ......................................................................................................................... 285
Reading test 4 ................................................................................................................... 289
PASSAGE 1 ......................................................................................................................... 289
PASSAGE 2 ......................................................................................................................... 292
PASSAGE 3 ......................................................................................................................... 296
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CAMBRIDGE 10
Reading test 1
PASSAGE 1
 Từ vựng cấp độ B2
Từ Nghĩa Ví dụ
The year 2000 marked the beginning of a

Millennium Thiên niên kỷ new millennium.
Stepwells were essential for accessing

Stepwells Giếng bậc water in ancient India's arid regions.
Basic literacy skills are fundamental for a

Fundamental Cơ bản child's education.
We should cherish every moment of life

Life Cuộc sống and make the most of it.
The desert is one of the driest places on

Driest Khô cằn nhất Earth, with little rainfall.
The old house was neglected for years and

Neglected Bị bỏ bê fell into disrepair.
In a recent study, scientists discovered a

Recent Lần đây new species of butterfly.
The historic building underwent extensive

Restoration Phục hồi restoration to preserve its original beauty.
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The former president attended the
Former Ngày trước ceremony as a guest of honor.
The team's victory brought glory and pride

Glory Vinh quang to their hometown.
 Từ vựng cấp độ C1
The fireworks display on New Year's Eve

Spectacular Tuyệt vời was truly spectacular.
The ancient pyramids in Egypt are some of

Monuments Công trình the most famous monuments in the world.
The old castle stands as a reminder of a

Bygone Quá khứ bygone era.
The inhabitants of the small village were

Inhabitants Cư dân friendly and welcoming to visitors.
The new road provides easier access to the

Access Truy cập city center.
The house was spotlessly clean after a

Clean Sạch thorough spring cleaning.
The bakery sells delicious bread that is

Fresh Tươi always fresh and warm.
Groundwater Nước dưới đất

The village relies on groundwater from
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wells for its water supply.
The design of the building was utilitarian,

focusing on practicality rather than
Utilitarian Hữu ích aesthetics.
The new mobile app is a useful application

Application Ứng dụng for managing daily tasks.
The north-western region of the country is

known for its beautiful landscapes and
North-western Tây-bắc diverse cultures.
DocumentPlease make sure to carefully

read and sign the document before
Document Tài liệu submitting it.
The 1980s was considered the heyday of

Heyday Thời hoàng kim rock music.
There are many variations of this

Variations Biến thể traditional recipe, depending on the region.
The park is adorned with small pavilions

Pavilions Gian hàng where visitors can rest and enjoy the view.
The artist spent hours creating intricate

Intricate Tinh xảo patterns on the pottery.
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She liked to embellish her stories with
colorful details to make them more
Embellish Trang trí entertaining.
The hurricane caused devastating damage

Devastating Tàn phá to the coastal towns.
The character has gone through multiple

incarnations in different movies and TV
Incarnations Sự hiện thân shows.
The city is known for its rich architectural

heritage, with historical buildings dating
Architectural Kiến trúc back centuries.
PASSAGE 2
Xu hướng The current trend in technology is towards

Trend smaller and more portable devices.
Nhu cầu The high demand for the latest smartphone

caused it to sell out within hours of its
Demand release.
Tăng The company plans to increase its

workforce to handle the growing number of
Increase orders.
Fleet Đội tàu, đội xe The shipping company has a fleet of trucks
and cargo ships to transport goods
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worldwide.
Hàng hoá The store offers a wide range of goods,

including electronics, clothing, and
Goods household items.
Tăng trưởng The startup experienced rapid growth in its

Growth first year and expanded to new markets.
Sản xuất The factory has increased its production

capacity to meet the holiday season
Production demands.
Kinh tế The country's economy is thriving, with

low unemployment and steady GDP
Economy growth.
Biên giới, ranh giới The scientific research is pushing the

frontiers of knowledge in the field of
Frontiers medicine.
Sự lắp ráp, hội đồng The workers are responsible for the
assembly of various parts to build the final
Assembly product.
Hiện tượng The sudden appearance of bright lights in

the sky was a mysterious phenomenon that
Phenomenon puzzled scientists.
Di dời The company decided to relocate its

headquarters to a more central location in
Relocation the city.
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Lao động The construction of the new building
required a large labor force to complete
Labour the project on time.
Tập trung mạnh The athletes underwent intensive training

to prepare for the upcoming
Intensive championship.
Ứng viên Several qualified candidates applied for

Candidate the job, but only one could be selected.
Vận tải hàng hoá The transportation company specializes in

haulage of heavy machinery and
Haulage equipment.
Hiện hữu Before implementing new policies, it is

essential to evaluate the impact on existing
Existing regulations.
Khẩn thiết It is imperative to follow safety guidelines

Imperative when handling hazardous materials.
Đạt được After months of hard work, the team

finally achieved their goal of winning the
Achieved championship.
Khí thải The factory installed advanced filters to

reduce emissions and minimize its
Emissions environmental impact.
Sustainable Bền vững We need to adopt sustainable practices to

protect the environment for future
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generations.
Thực hiện The government is implementing new

Implementing policies to improve the education system.
Cộng đồng The project aims to benefit the local

community and improve their living
Community conditions.
Chiến lược The company is developing new

marketing strategies to reach a wider
Strategies audience.
Mục tiêu The main objective of the research is to

Objective find a cure for the disease.
Tích hợp The software allows easy integration with

Integration other applications.
Đảo ngược We need to take action to reverse the

Reversing negative effects of climate change.
Sự cần thiết Access to clean water is a necessity for

Necessity human survival.
Phương tiện vận Trains and buses are common modes of

Modal chuyển public transportation in the city.
Tách ra The government is considering

uncoupling the two industries to promote
Uncoupling fair competition.
PASSAGE 3
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The company introduced a

groundbreaking innovation in renewable
Innovation Đổi mới energy technology.
He started his own business selling

Business Kinh doanh handmade crafts online.
The company faced financial difficulties

but managed to survive by implementing
Survival Sự sống còn cost-cutting measures.
There are several tech companies in the

Companies Công ty area competing for market share.
The company offers various benefits and

incentives to attract and retain talented
Employees Nhân viên employees.
The team brainstormed creative ideas for

Ideas Ý tưởng the new advertising campaign.
The scientist conducted extensive

Research Nghiên cứu research to find a cure for the disease.
The candidate's skills and experience fit

perfectly with the requirements of the
Fit Phù hợp job.
The company's core values include

Values Giá trị integrity, teamwork, and customer focus.
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Due to unforeseen circumstances, the
Circumstances Tình huống project deadline had to be extended.
Dr. Smith is a renowned professor of

Professor Giáo sư physics at the university.
The study of human behavior and mental

Psychology Tâm lý học processes is part of psychology.
There is a noticeable difference between

Difference Khác biệt the two products in terms of quality.
Her contribution to the charity event

helped raise a significant amount of
Contribution Đóng góp money.
The artist used a unique and creative

Creative Sáng tạo approach to paint the masterpiece.
His ambition is to become a successful

entrepreneur and create a global
Ambition Hoài bão business.
The opportunity to expand the business

in the international market was seized by
Seize Nắm bắt the company.
The team worked collaboratively to

Collaborative Hợp tác complete the project on time.
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The antique vase was very delicate and
Delicate Tinh tế needed careful handling.
She is an accomplished pianist who has

performed in prestigious concerts
Accomplished Thành tựu worldwide.
The invention of the internet

revolutionized the way we access
Revolutionise Cách mạng hóa information.
It may seem counterintuitive, but eating

a small snack before a workout can
Counterintuitive Ngược lại trực giác actually boost energy levels.
The team members worked

collaboratively on the project to achieve
Collaborative Cộng tác success.
Smartphones have become pervasive in

modern society, influencing how we
Pervasive Lan tỏa, tràn lan communicate and interact.
The interchange of ideas between

different cultures can lead to a better
Interchange Trao đổi, thay đổi understanding of each other.
Positive attitudes towards learning can

Attitudes Thái độ lead to better academic performance.
Graduating with honors was a significant

Accomplishment Thành tựu accomplishment for the student.
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The doctor gave a recommendation to
Recommendation Đề xuất take vitamins for better overall health.
The psychological impact of trauma can

Psychological Tâm lý vary from person to person.
Facing the realities of life can be

challenging, but it helps us grow and
Realities Hiện thực adapt.
Reading test 2
PASSAGE 1
The professor conducted extensive

Professor Giáo sư research on the topic.
The industrial revolution brought

Industrial Công nghiệp significant changes to society.
Historians studied various factors to

Revolution Cách mạng understand the cause of the revolution.
Historians studied various factors to

Historians Nhà sử học understand the cause of the revolution.
Through deduction, they concluded that

Deduction Suy luận certain elements were crucial.
Scepticism Hoài nghi

There was initial skepticism about their
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findings.
The research provided valuable insights

Research Nghiên cứu into the population growth.
The sudden increase in the population

Population Dân số was surprising.
The growth in trade and industry fueled

Growth Tăng trưởng the revolution.
The disease outbreak had severe

Disease Bệnh tật consequences for the population.
The combination of hard work and

creativity led to the success of the
Combination Kết hợp project.
There are many factors that contribute to

climate change, including greenhouse
Factors Yếu tố gas emissions and deforestation.
The invention of the internet

revolutionized the way we communicate
Revolutionise Cách mạng hóa and access information.
The doctor applied antiseptic to the

Antiseptic Chất khử trùng wound to prevent infection.
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She looked at the beautiful painting with
admiration, appreciating the artist's
Admiration Sự ngưỡng mộ talent.
Proper sanitation practices are essential

Sanitation Vệ sinh to prevent the spread of diseases.
The incidence of flu cases increased

Incidence Sự xuất hiện during the winter months.
The prevalence of obesity has been on

Prevalence Sự phổ biến the rise in recent years.
The literacy rate in the country has

improved significantly due to increased
Literacy Trình độ học vấn access to education.
The smartphone is a technologically

advanced device that has transformed the
Technologically Công nghệ way we live and work.
Based on the evidence, the detective

deduced that the suspect was at the crime
Deduced Rút ra, suy luận scene.
There is much contention among

Cuộc tranh luận, scientists about the cause of climate
Contention cuộc cạnh tranh change.
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With the advent of smartphones, we have
become more technologically connected
Technologically Công nghệ than ever before.
The combination of hard work and

creativity is essential for achieving
Combination Kết hợp success.
(Revolutionise) The invention of the

printing press revolutionized the way
Revolutionise Cách mạng hóa information was disseminated.
(Antiseptic) The nurse applied antiseptic

Antiseptic Chất khử trùng to the wound to prevent infection.
(Prevalence) The prevalence of diabetes

has increased in recent years due to
Prevalence Sự phổ biến changes in lifestyle.
(Deduction) Using deductive reasoning,

the detective was able to solve the
Deduction Sự suy luận complex case.
(Admiration) The artist's masterpiece

received admiration and praise from art
Admiration Sự ngưỡng mộ enthusiasts.
(Sanitation) Proper sanitation practices

are crucial for maintaining public health
Sanitation Vệ sinh and hygiene.
PASSAGE 2
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The conference was attended by experts

from internationally renowned
Internationally Quốc tế institutions.
He received a perfect score on his math

Score Điểm số test.
The general consensus was that the

General Tổng quát project needed more funding.
Her intelligence and problem-solving

Intelligence Trí tuệ skills impressed everyone in the room.
The students are preparing for their final

Test Kiểm tra exam test.
The cutoff time for submitting

Cutoff Điểm cắt applications is tomorrow at midnight.
The lecturer made an important point

Point Điểm during the presentation.
The team leader has chosen a new

Chosen Lựa chọn strategy for the project.
The frequency of meetings will be

Frequency Tần suất increased to address the urgent issues.
The investigation will determine the

Determine Xác định cause of the accident.
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The school provides a nurturing

Environment Môi trường environment for the students.
Each team member contributes their

Contributes Đóng góp unique skills to the project.
The organization has made provisions

Provision Cung cấp for disaster relief.
Their strong relationship helped them

Relationship Mối quan hệ overcome challenges together.
The company focuses on producing

Quality Chất lượng high-quality products.
Educational: The museum offers

Educational Giáo dục educational programs for students.
The interactive workshop encouraged

Interaction Tương tác active participation from the audience.
He prefers verbal communication over

Verbal Thể hiện bằng lời nói written messages.
Some people try to manipulate others to

Manipulate Thao túng get what they want.
The success of the project is dependent

Dependent Phụ thuộc on timely delivery of materials.
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Teaching students about metacognition

Metacognition Siêu nhận thức can improve their learning skills.
The teacher provided a detailed

Evaluation Đánh giá evaluation of the student's performance.
The study aimed to gather qualitative

Qualitative Chất lượng data on people's experiences.
The self-driving car operates

autonomously without human
Autonomous Tự trị intervention.
The generous bonus compensates for the

Compensates Đền bù long working hours.
Developing self-regulation skills can

Self-regulation Tự quản lý lead to better time management.
The new software interface was

Unfamiliar Không quen thuộc unfamiliar to the employees.
The pupils were excited about their

Pupils Học sinh upcoming field trip.
Her presentation skills were impressive,

Impressive Ấn tượng capturing everyone's attention.
Expertise Chuyên môn

The company hired a consultant for their
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expertise in marketing strategies.
PASSAGE 3
The fact that the Earth revolves around

Fact Sự thật the Sun is well-established.
Many people attended the art exhibition

People Người to see the latest creations.
The museum showcased an impressive

Museum Bảo tàng collection of ancient artifacts.
Paris is often referred to as the "City of

Paris Paris Love."
The original manuscript of the famous

Original Ban đầu novel was on display at the library.
The artist worked tirelessly to complete

Painting Bức tranh the painting before the exhibition.
The teacher plays a crucial role in

Role Vai trò shaping the students' future.
The fine details in the artwork made it

Fine Tốt, tinh tế truly exceptional.
Art Nghệ thuật

She has a passion for art and enjoys
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creating beautiful pieces.
Exploring different cultures broadens

World Thế giới your understanding of the world.
She just finished writing her first novel, a

Novel Tiểu thuyết captivating mystery.
The new museum exhibits stunning

Museum Bảo tàng contemporary art.
The company invests in technological

advancements to stay ahead in the
Technological Công nghệ market.
Recent developments in medicine have

Developments Các phát triển improved patient care.
The magazine will be available in print

Print In and online formats.
The archaeologists discovered ancient

Objects Đối tượng objects during their excavation.
Over time, the language evolved into its

Evolved Tiến hóa modern form.
The engineer measured the dimensions

Precisely Một cách chính xác of the building precisely.
25
The conference followed traditional
conventions of keynote speeches and
Conventions Quy ước panel discussions.
The language interpreter facilitated

Giải nghĩa, hiểu, communication between the two
Interpreting diễn giải. delegations.
The library provides facsimiles of

historical documents for research
Facsimiles Bản sao purposes.
The art gallery featured works by both

Artists Nghệ sĩ renowned and emerging artists.
The office uses reprographic equipment

to produce copies of important
Reprographic Kỹ thuật sao chép documents.
The chef demonstrated various culinary

Techniques Kỹ thuật tái sinh techniques during the cooking class.
The company is known for

High-Quality Chất lượng cao manufacturing high-quality products.
The art shop offers limited edition prints

Prints In of famous paintings.
Original Ban đầu

The original sculpture is displayed in the
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museum's main hall.
The architect designed the building on a

larger scale to accommodate more
Scale Tỷ lệ people.
The actor's performance was faithful to

Faithful Trung thành the character's emotions and motivations.
The artist carefully selected the colour

values to create a vibrant and
Colour Values Giá trị màu sắc. harmonious composition.
Reading test 3
PASSAGE 1
We plan to travel to Europe next summer

Travel Du lịch for a vacation.
The beginning of the movie was

captivating, setting the tone for the rest
Beginning Bắt đầu of the story.
Primitive tools were used by early

Primitive Nguyên thủy humans for hunting and survival.
The man sitting at the park was reading a

Man Người book.
27
The view from the mountain top was
Great Lớn breathtakingly great.
The marathon runner covered long

Distances Khoảng cách distances during the race.
The detective continued to search for

Search Tìm kiếm clues to solve the mystery.
The children were playing a friendly

Game Trò chơi game of soccer in the park.
The restaurant served delicious food

Food Thức ăn from various cuisines.
She bought new clothing for the

Clothing Quần áo upcoming winter season.
The city's economy thrives on tourism,

attracting visitors from all over the
Tourism Du lịch world.
The concert attracted a mass of

Mass Quy mô lớn enthusiastic fans.
The aurora borealis is a natural

Phenomenon Hiện tượng phenomenon that amazes spectators.
28
The Industrial Revolution brought
Cách mạng công significant changes to manufacturing
Industrial Revolution nghiệp processes.
The middle-class family saved money

Middle Class Tầng lớp trung lưu for a dream vacation.
The development of transportation

networks improved connectivity between
Transportation Giao thông vận tải cities.
Commercial Airline Ngành hàng không The commercial airline industry

Industry thương mại revolutionized global travel.
Tăng trưởng nhanh The tech startup experienced rapid

Rapid Growth chóng growth in its first year of operation.
The retail chain announced plans for

Expansion Mở rộng expansion to new markets.
International travel requires valid

International Travel Du lịch quốc tế passports and visas.
Agriculture plays a crucial economic

Economic Importance Du lịch quốc tế importance in rural areas.
Tầm quan trọng kinh Education holds great social importance

Social Importance tế in building a well-informed society.
29
Tầm quan trọng xã The developed nations are often referred
Industrialised Countries hội to as industrialised countries.
Các nước công The hospitality sector is a significant part

Service Industry nghiệp hóa of the service industry.
The World Travel and Tourism Council

World Travel and provides valuable insights into the
Tourism Council Ngành dịch vụ industry.
Hội đồng Du lịch và The country's gross output increased due

Gross Output Du lịch Thế giới to successful export businesses.
The new factory provided employment

Employment Tổng sản xuất opportunities for local residents.
The government aims to increase the

national product through various
National Product Việc làm policies.
The company secured significant capital

Capital Investment Sản phẩm quốc gia investment for its expansion plans.
Visiting historical sites can have an

educative effect on students, enriching
Educatuve Effect Đầu tư vốn their knowledge.
PASSAGE 2
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The captivating beauty of the sunset left
Captivating Hấp dẫn everyone in awe.
The river flows through the natural

landscape, untouched by human
Natural Tự nhiên intervention.
The Olympics is one of the most

Events Sự kiện anticipated sporting events in the world.
The turning of the key unlocked the door

Turning Chuyển đổi to the mysterious room.
The colorful leaves danced in the autumn

Leaves Lá breeze.
The leaves fall gracefully to the ground

Fall Mùa thu in autumn.
The artist used a vibrant palette of colors

Colours Màu sắc to create the painting.
The view from the mountaintop was

Magnificent Hùng vĩ absolutely magnificent.
She raised her hand to ask a question

Question Câu hỏi during the lecture.
He looked puzzled as he tried to solve

Puzzled Bối rối the challenging puzzle.
31
The investigation led to the unmasking

Unmasking Tiết lộ of the true culprit.
Water is composed of two hydrogen

Molecule Phân tử atoms and one oxygen molecule.
The warm sunlight streamed through the

Sunlight Ánh sáng mặt trời window in the morning.
The factory is converting waste materials

Converting Chuyển đổi into useful products.
Solar panels harness the energy of the

Energy Năng lượng sun to generate electricity.
Bricks and cement are essential building

Building Materials Vật liệu xây dựng materials for constructing houses.
The deadline for the project approaches,

Approaches Tiếp cận and there's still much to be done.
The equator divides the Earth into the

Hemisphere Bán cầu Northern and Southern Hemispheres.
Plants use photosynthesis to convert

Photosynthesis Quang hợp sunlight into energy.
The old house was abandoned and left to

Abandon Từ bỏ decay.
32
Pine trees are evergreen, retaining their

Evergreen Xanh lâu năm leaves throughout the year.
The forest is filled with conifers like

Conifers Cây kim ngân pine and fir trees.
Since we have automated the process,

the manual steps have become
Redundant Thừa redundant.
He discards old newspapers and

Discards Vứt bỏ magazines to keep the house tidy.
The detective was successful in

unmasking the identity of the mysterious
Unmasking Tiết lộ criminal.
The architect proposed a modern design

Proposed Đề xuất for the new building.
Artists use various pigments to create

Pigments Sắc tố colorful paintings.
The rainbow displays the colors of the

Visible Spectrum Phổ màu sắc visible spectrum.
Chemists study various chemical

Chemical Compounds Hợp chất hóa học compounds and their properties.
33
The fireworks display was a vivid
Vivid Sống động spectacle of lights and colors.
PASSAGE 3
The voyagers set sail on their expedition

Voyagers Lữ khách to explore new lands.
The islands in the Pacific Ocean are

Islands Đảo surrounded by crystal-clear waters.
The vast expanse of the Pacific Ocean is

Pacific Thái Bình Dương teeming with marine life.
The ocean is a vast body of saltwater that

Ocean Đại dương covers most of the Earth's surface.
Archaeologists found traces of ancient

Traces Dấu vết civilizations on the island.
Seafaring has been an essential part of

Seafaring Thuyền đi biển human history for millennia.
Our ancestors' wisdom and traditions

Ancestors Tổ tiên continue to inspire us.
Polynesians have a deep connection to

Polynesians Dân tộc Polynesia the sea and its resources.
34
The archaeological discovery provided
Archaeological Khảo cổ học valuable insights into the past.
The researchers made an important

Discovery Khám phá archaeological discovery on the island.
The Philippines is an archipelago

Archipelago Quần đảo consisting of thousands of islands.
Vanuatu is a Pacific island nation known

for its stunning landscapes and diverse
Vanuatu Vanuatu cultures.
The city's harbors provide a safe shelter

Harbors Cảng for ships and boats during storms.
The pioneers braved the unknown to

Pioneers Người tiên phong settle in the untamed west.
The farm has a variety of livestock,

Livestock Vật nuôi including cows, sheep, and chickens.
The bridge's span measures over 500

Span Khoảng thời gian meters, connecting the two shores.
Cao su rừng nhiệt The jungle-clad mountains are home to

Jungle-clad đới many exotic plant and animal species.
35
These small islands are considered
outliers as they are far from the main
Outliers Những cái ngoại lệ archipelago.
The archaeologists uncovered ancient

Uncovered Khám phá artifacts buried beneath the ruins.
The archaeological site contained

numerous ancient pots used by the early
Pots Cái chum inhabitants.
The precious gemstone was carefully

Precious Quý giá stored in a velvet box.
The detective was successful in

unmasking the identity of the mysterious
Unmasking Khám phá danh tính thief.
Scientists studied the human genome to

understand the genetic basis of certain
Genome Gen diseases.
She pursued a degree in anthropology to

study the cultural traditions of
Anthropology Nhân chủng học indigenous tribes.
The explorers embarked on an outward

Outward Hướng ra ngoài journey to discover new lands.
36
The annual migration of wildebeests in
Migration Di cư Africa is a breathtaking spectacle.
The elders shared their oral histories,

passing down ancient stories and
Oral Histories Lịch sử miệng kể wisdom.
The sailors adjusted the rigging of the

Rigging Cấu trúc tàu ship before setting sail.
The actor received a distinguished award

for his outstanding performance in the
Distinguished Nổi bật play.
The adventurous seafarers sailed across

Seafarers Thuyền viên the vast ocean in search of new horizons.
Reading test 4
PASSAGE 1
The prolonged drought led to water

Drought Hạn hán restrictions and reduced crop yields.
The dry forest caught fire, and the

Wildfires Cháy rừng wildfires spread rapidly.
Blazes Lửa Firefighters worked tirelessly to

extinguish the blazes and protect nearby
37
homes.
After months of drought, the region

finally received much-needed
Precipitation Lượng mưa precipitation.
The invasive species were targeted for

eradication to preserve the native
Eradication Tiêu diệt ecosystem.
The construction of new homes

continued despite the threat of wildfires
Construction Xây dựng in the area.
The residential neighborhood was under

evacuation orders due to the approaching
Residential Dân cư fire.
The old, dilapidated building caught fire

Dilapidated Tàn tạ and was in danger of collapsing.
The efficient response of firefighters

minimized the damage caused by the
Efficiency Hiệu suất wildfires.
The evacuation plan was implemented to

ensure the safety of residents during the
Evacuation Sơ tán wildfire.
38
The megafires engulfed vast areas of
forest, posing a significant challenge to
Megafires Đám cháy lớn firefighters.
The fire started unintentionally when a

Unintentional Không cố ý campfire was left unattended.
The eradication of invasive species

helped restore the natural balance of the
Eradication Tiêu diệt ecosystem.
The preservation of marine ecosystems is

Ecosystems Hệ sinh thái crucial for the health of marine life.
The intensity of the fire made it difficult

Intensity Cường độ for firefighters to control.
The wildfire damaged roads, bridges,

and other infrastructure in the affected
Infrastructure Cơ sở hạ tầng area.
The commission was formed to

investigate the cause of the fire and
Commission Uỷ ban propose preventive measures.
The coordination among different

agencies was essential to combat the
Coordination Đồng bộ wildfire effectively.
The fire crossed multiple jurisdictions,

requiring cooperation between different
Jurisdictions Lãnh thổ fire departments.
39
Fire prevention measures, such as
clearing dry vegetation, can help reduce
Prevention Phòng ngừa the risk of wildfires.
The community's preparedness for the

wildfire included regular drills and
Preparedness Sự chuẩn bị evacuation plans.
The fire department's jurisdiction

Territorial Lãnh thổ covered a vast territorial area.
The consequence of the massive wildfire

was devastating, leaving many homes
Consequence Hậu quả destroyed.
The catastrophic fire spread rapidly,

Catastrophic Thảm họa overwhelming firefighters' efforts.
The successful containment of the fire

brought a sense of fulfillment to the
Fulfillment Sự hoàn thành firefighting team.
The fire damaged critical infrastructure,

affecting power and communication
Infrastructure Cơ sở hạ tầng lines.
After the devastating fire, the city

revamped its emergency response
Revamped Được tái thiết protocols.
40
he efficient coordination of resources
Efficiency Hiệu suất helped control the fire's spread.
The community endured weeks of

firefighting efforts to contain the
Endured Chịu đựng wildfire.
The implementation of fire prevention

measures reduced the risk of future
Prevention Sự ngăn chặn wildfires.
PASSAGE 2
Her friendly personality makes it easy

Personality Tính cách for her to make new friends.
One of his best traits is his determination

Traits Đặc điểm to never give up.
When faced with a difficult situation, she

always responds calmly and
Respond Phản ứng thoughtfully.
He has the habit of waking up early and

Habits Thói quen going for a morning jog.
With hard work and dedication, she

fulfilled her potential and achieved great
Potential Tiềm năng success.
41
Climbing the highest mountain was a
challenging adventure he eagerly took
Challenging Thách thức on.
Despite the setbacks, she maintained her

Optimism Lạc quan optimism and believed in a better future.
The joy on her face was evident when

Joy Niềm vui she received the news of her promotion.
Her passion for art drives her to spend

Passion Đam mê hours creating beautiful paintings.
Traveling the world has been his lifelong

pursuit, and he's visited over 50 countries
Pursuit Cuộc truy đuổi so far.
She decided to alter her daily routine to

Alter Thay đổi include more exercise.
His reticence during the meeting made it

Reticence Kín đáo difficult for him to express his ideas.
Being naturally extroverted, he enjoys

Extroverted Hướng ngoại socializing with new people at parties.
After the accident, he underwent

physical rehabilitation to regain his
Physical Rehabilitation Phục hồi vận động mobility.
42
Despite the challenges, she remained an
optimist and believed in a positive
Optimist Người lạc quan outcome.
He is cultivating a new hobby by

Cultivating Trồng trọt practicing the guitar every day.
She paid close attention to the details to

Attention Sự chú ý ensure the project's success.
He used data and evidence to convince

his colleagues about the viability of the
Convince Thuyết phục proposal.
The sunny weather and beautiful scenery

Favourable Lợi lạc made the vacation highly favourable.
After careful consideration, she decided

Taking Action Hành động to take action and pursue her dream job.
Freediving requires exceptional lung

Freediving Lặn tự do capacity and breath-holding skills.
The adventurous thrill-seeker couldn't

resist plunging into the icy waters from
Plunging Lao xuống the cliff.
Marathon runners need to have great

Stamina Sức bền stamina to endure long-distance races.
43
The psychologist provided counseling to
help people deal with their emotional
Psychological Tâm lý struggles.
His relentless pursuit of excellence led

Pursuit Sự theo đuổi him to become a successful entrepreneur.
Art has always been one of her

Niềm đam mê nhiệt consuming passions, and she spends
Consuming Passions huyết hours creating beautiful paintings.
Her curiosity about the world led her to

travel to different countries to explore
Curiosity Tò mò new cultures.
She explored alternative healing

Alternative Healing Kỹ thuật chữa bệnh techniques like acupuncture and
Techniques thay thế meditation to alleviate her chronic pain.
He always acted ethically in his business

dealings, putting honesty above personal
Ethically Đạo đức gain.
As a responsible citizen, he felt a moral

obligation to help those in need during
Moral Obligation Trách nhiệm đạo đức the crisis.
PASSAGE 3
Evolution Tiến hóa The theory of evolution proposes that

species change over time through natural
44
selection.
There are numerous examples of animals

adapting to their environment through
evolution, like the development of
Examples Ví dụ camouflage in certain species.
The Galapagos Islands are famous for

their unique and diverse species of plants
Species Loài and animals.
The principle of natural selection, as

proposed by Charles Darwin, is a
fundamental concept in the theory of
Principle Nguyên tắc evolution.
The study of genetics helps us

understand how traits are passed down
Genetics Di truyền học from one generation to another.
Evolution is often seen as a forward

process, where species adapt to their
Forward Tiến lên phía trước surroundings to survive and thrive.
Occasionally, some individuals may

Atavism (hiện tượng show atavistic traits, resembling
Atavism hóa thực thể cổ) characteristics of their ancient ancestors.
The topic of evolution can be

controversial, sparking debates among
Controversial Gây tranh cãi scientists and religious groups.
Reluctant Miễn cưỡng Some scientists were initially reluctant to

accept the theory of evolution, but
45
evidence has since strongly supported it.
The fossil record provides numerous

examples of transitional forms that
showcase the gradual changes in species
Examples Ví dụ over time.
Mary is a skilled palaeontologist who

studies fossils to understand ancient life
Palaeontologist Nhà cổ sinh vật học forms.
Once the decision is made, the

Không thể đảo consequences are irreversible and cannot
Irreversible ngược be undone.
After conducting thorough research, the

scientists reached the conclusion that
climate change is affecting the
Conclusion Kết luận ecosystem.
Probability: The probability of winning

the lottery is quite low, but many people
Probability Xác suất still try their luck.
Humpback whales are known for their

Humpback Cá voi lưng gù distinctive hump and beautiful songs.
Insects have six legs and various

Appendages Các chiếc nối appendages that serve different purposes.
46
The caterpillar undergoes a
metamorphosis and transforms into a
Metamorphose Đổi hình dạng butterfly.
Genetic testing can reveal information

about our ancient ancestors and their
Ancestor Tổ tiên migration patterns.
Sally researched her family tree and

traced her ancestry back several
Family tree Gia phả generations.
The study of fossils provides valuable

insights into the evolutionary history of
Evolutionary Tiến hóa different species.
The study of genetics helps us

understand how traits are passed down
Genetics Di truyền học from parents to offspring.
Sarah had to calculate the total cost of

her shopping items before heading to
Calculate Tính toán the cashier.
The brave mountaineer focused on

surviving the harsh weather conditions
Surviving Sống sót during the expedition.
Ancestor Tổ tiên Genealogy enthusiasts often trace their

family's ancestors back several
47
centuries.
The pond was filled with tadpoles

swimming around, transforming into
Tadpole Ấu trùng cá frogs.
The royal family's history can be traced

Lineages Các dòng họ through their prestigious lineages.
Scientists study the evolutionary

process to understand how species
Evolutionary Tiến hóa change over time.
Some ancient traits re-evolved in

certain species, adapting to their
Re-evolved Tiến hóa lại changing environment.
Blue eyes and curly hair are examples

of inherited traits passed down through
Traits Đặc điểm generations.
The developmental stages of a

butterfly, from egg to adult, are
Developmental Phát triển fascinating to observe.
48
CAMBRIDGE 11
Reading test 1
PASSAGE 1
The urban landscape is dotted with tall

buildings, bustling streets, and vibrant
Urban Đô thị nightlife.
The population of the city has been steadily

Population Dân số increasing over the past decade.
The demographic of the neighborhood

comprises mostly young professionals and
Demographic Dân số học college students.
During the festival, people wear traditional

Traditional Truyền thống costumes and perform ancient rituals.
Practised: The art of calligraphy has been

Practised Thực hành practised by skilled artists for centuries.
The spacious backyard is suitable for

Suitable Thích hợp hosting outdoor gatherings and events.
The farmers are raising chickens, pigs, and

Raising Nuôi dưỡng goats on their farm.
49
The fertile farmland yields a bountiful
Crops Cây trồng harvest of wheat, corn, and rice.
The abandoned factory left the surrounding

Laid waste Bị bỏ hoang area laid waste and polluted.
Effective management is crucial for

running a successful business or
Management Quản lý organization.
The company plans to scale up production

Scale up Mở rộng to meet increasing demand for their product.
The organization is currently employing

new strategies to improve employee
Employing Sử dụng satisfaction.
The committee reviewed several proposals

Proposals Đề xuất before selecting the best one for the project.
After implementing the new efficiency

measures, energy consumption decreased
Drastically Cực kỳ drastically.
The builders worked tirelessly to construct a

Construct Xây dựng beautiful skyscraper in the city center.
The proponents of the new policy believe it

Proponents Người ủng hộ will lead to positive social changes.
50
The city council is considering a renewal
Renewal Tái tạo plan to revitalize the downtown area.
Conservation efforts aim to protect diverse

Ecosystems Hệ sinh thái ecosystems and their wildlife.
The once pristine beach was despoiled by

Despoiled Bị tàn phá irresponsible tourists leaving behind litter.
The region experiences semi-arid climate

conditions, with limited rainfall throughout
Semi-arid Bán khô hạn the year.
The city is planning to build a multi-storey

parking garage to accommodate more
Multi-storey Nhiều tầng vehicles.
To achieve the best results, it's essential to

use the optimum amount of fertilizer for
Optimum Tối ưu each crop.
The farmer applied various fertilizers to

enhance the soil's nutrient content and boost
Fertilisers Phân bón crop growth.
The incidence of flu cases increased

Incidence Sự xuất hiện significantly during the winter months.
Interface Giao diện

The new software features a user-friendly
51
interface that makes it easy to navigate.
The eco-conscious household practices

composting to reduce waste and enrich the
Composting Lên men soil.
The cost of the luxury car was prohibitively

Prohibitively Cấm kỵ high for most buyers.
Her aspiration to become a professional

Aspiration Khao khát, ước mơ artist led her to enroll in an art school.
The artist created different variations of the

Variations Biến thể painting, each with a unique color scheme.
The city's skyline is dominated by tall

skyscrapers, showcasing its modern
Skyscrapers Tòa nhà chọc trời architecture.
PASSAGE 2
She set an ambitious goal to climb the highest

Ambitious Tham vọng mountain in the world.
The team worked tirelessly to restore the

Restore Phục hồi ancient artwork to its original glory.
The city's waterways are essential for

Waterways Con đường nước transportation and commerce.
52
The hiker carefully stepped over the rocky
Stepped Đã bước terrain to reach the summit.
The old bridge was dismantled to make way

Dismantled Đã tháo dỡ for a new and safer structure.
The memorial was built in commemoration

Commemoration Sự tưởng nhớ of those who lost their lives in the war.
The forest is experiencing natural

Regeneration Tái sinh regeneration after a devastating fire.
The scientist explained complex scientific

Concepts Khái niệm concepts in a simple manner.
The boat's propeller spins quickly, propelling

Propeller Cánh quạt it forward in the water.
The company implemented a robust security

Robust Mạnh mẽ system to protect sensitive data.
The Eiffel Tower is a famous landmark in

Paris, attracting millions of tourists each
Landmark Điểm nổi bật year.
The architect measured with great accuracy

Accuracy Độ chính xác to ensure the building's stability.
53
The team assembled the furniture following
Assembled Đã lắp ráp the instructions provided.
Secure the shelf to the wall using screws

Bolts Bulong and bolts.
The ship's displacement causes the water

Displacement Sự lấn thấp level to rise in the harbor.
The hydraulic system operated smoothly,

Hydraulic Thuộc về thủy lực lifting heavy objects with ease.
The store displayed an impressive array of

Array Mảng colorful flowers.
The car's axle is responsible for connecting

Axle Trục the wheels to the chassis.
The bicycle's gearing allowed for smooth

Gearing Hệ truyền động pedaling on different terrains.
The ancient aqueduct carried water from

Aqueduct Cống dẫn nước the mountains to the city.
The two teams had opposing strategies for

Opposing Đối diện the game.
Capacity Sức chứa

The stadium has a seating capacity of
54
50,000 spectators.
The elephant's size was enormous,

Enormous To lớn towering over all other animals.
Their opinions were diametrically opposed,

Diametrically Hoàn toàn leading to heated debates.
The car remained stationary while waiting

Stationary Tĩnh for the traffic light to turn green.
The actor's strong stage presence captivated

Presence Sự hiện diện the audience.
The delay was owing to the heavy

Owing Do snowfall.
The train entered a dark tunnel,

Tunnel Đường hầm disappearing from view.
The library housed an immense collection

Immense Bao la of books from various genres.
The river flows constantly, never stopping

Constantly Liên tục its course.
PASSAGE 3
Fossil Hóa thạch

The fossil of a prehistoric dinosaur was
55
discovered in the remote desert.
The pollution in the city's atmosphere has

Atmosphere Khí quyển caused health concerns for its residents.
lThe company's products are sold in

Global Toàn cầu various countries, making it a global brand.
The new electric cars produce fewer

emissions compared to traditional gasoline
Emissions Khí thải vehicles.
The government introduced several

schemes to promote renewable energy
Schemes Kế hoạch adoption.
The magician wowed the audience with his

Manipulation Thao tác skillful manipulation of cards.
The young bird showed a strong

dependency on its mother for food and
Dependency Sự phụ thuộc protection.
Always remember to create a backup of

Backup Sao lưu / Dự phòng your important files to prevent data loss.
The driver skillfully reversed the car into a

Reversing l Đảo ngược tight parking spot.
The manufacturing process of the

smartphone involves multiple stages of
Process Quá trình assembly.
56
The city celebrated Independence Day with

Parades Diễu hành colorful parades and fireworks.
The crystal-clear water of the lake made it

Clear Trong trẻo / Rõ ràng perfect for swimming.
The river deposited sand and sediment

Deposited Kết tụ / Gửi đi along its banks during the flood.
The prism refracted light into a beautiful

Refracting Khúc xạ spectrum of colors.
They relaxed under the sunshade on the

Sunshade Mái che nắng beach to avoid sunburn.
The satellite orbits the Earth, capturing

Orbit Quỹ đạo images of different regions.
Latitudes: Tropical regions are located near

Latitudes Vĩ độ the equator at lower latitudes.
The vending machine was replenished with

Replenish Làm đầy lại fresh snacks and drinks.
The pond's green color was due to the

Algae Tảo biển presence of algae.
Commercial airplanes fly at high altitudes

Stratosphere Tầng bình lưu in the stratosphere.
57
She sprayed an aerosol insect repellent to

Aerosol Bụi mịn / Dạng khí keep mosquitoes away.
The volcano emitted a pungent smell of

Sulphur Lưu huỳnh sulphur during the eruption.
The sky was filled with fluffy white clouds

Clouds Mây on a sunny day.
Làm mờ / Làm giảm The sunset's beauty was enhanced by the

Dimming sáng gradual dimming of the light.
The museum is responsible for preserving

Preserving Bảo tồn valuable historical artifacts.
The electrician installed new cables to

Cables Dây cáp connect the lights to the power source.
The ship cautiously navigated through the

Icebergs Tảng băng icy waters to avoid colliding with icebergs.
The mirror reflected her image as she stood

Reflect Phản chiếu in front of it.
Điều chỉnh tuyến Due to the road closure, the GPS suggested
Rerouting đường rerouting to reach the destination.
The tropical climate in the region allows

Climate Khí hậu for lush vegetation and diverse wildlife.
58
Reading test 2
PASSAGE 1
The couple got engaged on a beautiful

Engaged Đính hôn beach during their vacation.
We enjoyed a relaxing walk along the

Coast Bờ biển coast, feeling the gentle breeze.
The harbor was filled with various vessels,

Vessels Tàu thuyền from small boats to large ships.
After months of hard work, the team

Successful Thành công celebrated a successful product launch.
The old computer system was outdated and

Outdated Lỗi thời needed to be replaced.
The skilled crew worked together to sail the

Crew Đội ngũ thủy thủ ship across the ocean.
Divers explored the colorful marine life on

Seabed Đáy biển the seabed of the coral reef.
The photographer captured the stunning

Angle Góc sunset from a perfect angle.
The heavy rain caused erosion, leading to

Erosion Xói mòn soil loss on the hillside.
59
The potter used clay to shape a beautiful
Clay Đất sét vase on the pottery wheel.
The spider skillfully spun a web to trap its

Trap Bẫy prey.
Despite the accident, the precious artwork

Intact Nguyên vẹn remained intact and undamaged.
The statue in the park was made of bronze

Bronze Đồng thau and had a striking appearance.
The scientists worked in collaboration to

Collaboration Sự hợp tác conduct groundbreaking research.
Archaeologists discovered ancient artifacts

Excavations Khai quật during their excavations.
The hidden cave revealed a treasure trove

Treasure trove Kho tàng kho báu of valuable gemstones.
The team managed to salvage the

Salvage Cứu hộ shipwreck's cargo from the ocean floor.
The hydraulic system smoothly operated

Hydraulic Thủy lực the heavy machinery.
Delicate Tinh tế, tế nhị

The fragile glassware required careful
60
handling to avoid breakage.
The architect sketched the framework of

Framework Khung, kết cấu the new building design.
The sharp rock protruding from the ground

Protruding Nổi lên posed a potential hazard.
The submarine used sonar to navigate

Sonar Máy siêu âm underwater and detect objects.
She was unaware of the surprise party

Unaware Không hay biết planned by her friends.
The site is of great importance for

Archeological Khảo cổ học archeological research.
The board members made critical decisions

Decisions Quyết định to shape the company's future.
With determination, he managed to

Overcome Vượt qua overcome the challenges he faced.
The scientist conducted precise

Precise Chính xác measurements to obtain accurate results.
The cushioning in the sofa made it

Cushioning Đệm, giảm sốc comfortable to sit on.
61
The architect designed a unique and
Structure Cấu trúc modern structure for the building.
Bộ xương, khung The dinosaur skeleton in the museum

Skeleton xương fascinated visitors with its size and detail.
PASSAGE 2
The early settlers built a small village near

Settled Định cư the river.
The remote island was isolated from the

Isolated Cách ly, cô lập rest of the world.
The skilled artist carved a beautiful

Carved Đục, chạm khắc sculpture out of wood.
Archaeologists found ancient stone tools

Stone tools Công cụ đá used by early humans.
The goods were transported to the market

Transported Vận chuyển by trucks.
The ancient temple was built on stone

Stone platforms Nền đá platforms.
There is doubt about the accuracy of the

Doubt Nghi ngờ historical account.
62
The intricate patterns were carved on the
Carved Được chạm khắc wooden door.
The detective collected evidence to solve

Evidence Bằng chứng the mystery.
The tale of the brave hero has become part

Folklore Truyền thuyết dân gian of the local folklore.
The vast grassland was home to many wild

Grassland Cánh đồng cỏ animals.
The river carried sediments and deposited

Sediments Cặn bã them downstream.
Be careful with the delicate vase; it is

Fragile Dễ vỡ, mong manh fragile.
The sand dunes were shaped by the

Windblown Bị gió thổi windblown sand.
The eruption covered the area with a layer

Volcanic ash Tro núi lửa of volcanic ash.
The hikers descended the steep mountain

Descended Hạ xuống, giảm xuống trail.
Civil war Chiến tranh nội bộ

The nation faced turmoil during the civil
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war.
The lion asserted its dominance over the

Dominance Ưu thế, ưu việt pride.
In the snowy mountains, they used sledges

Sledges Xe trượt to transport supplies.
Infertile Không màu mỡ The barren land was infertile for farming.
The car accelerated quickly on the open

Accelerated Tăng tốc, gia tốc highway.
The rival chieftains fought for control of the

Rival chieftains Các thủ lĩnh đối thủ territory.
The hikers were trapped in the cave during

Trapped Bị mắc kẹt the storm.
The fishermen used traditional wooden

Wooden canoes Thuyền gỗ canoes for fishing.
Sustainable They practiced sustainable farming methods

farming Nông nghiệp bền vững to protect the environment.
Di chuyển một cách The skilled driver managed to manoeuvre

Manoeuvre khéo léo through the tight traffic.
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The ancient species became extinct millions
Extinct Tuyệt chủng of years ago.
The sculptor carefully created grooves in

Grooves Rãnh, lỗ the marble statue.
The reckless driver ignored the traffic rules

Reckless Liều lĩnh, cẩu thả and caused an accident.
Người quản lý, người The dedicated stewards ensured the

Stewards trông coi passengers' comfort on the cruise ship.
PASSAGE 3
She took a different approach to solving the

Approach Tiếp cận puzzle, which yielded surprising results.
The artist's geometrical artwork showcased

Geometrical Hình học intricate patterns and precise angles.
The messy room was a clear sign of

Haphazard Tình cờ, bất trật tự haphazard cleaning without any order.
Optical illusions often challenge our

Perceptual Giác quan perceptual abilities and trick our minds.
Due to her natural inclination towards

music, she learned to play multiple
Inclination Khuynh hướng instruments.
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The abstract painting left the viewers
puzzled, as its meaning remained
Ambiguous Mơ hồ ambiguous.
The magician deceptively made the coin

Deceptively Mánh khoé, đánh lừa vanish, leaving the audience astonished.
The jeweler meticulously crafted the

diamond necklace with attention to every
Meticulously Cẩn thận, tỉ mỉ detail.
Relaxing on the beach and watching the

Pleasurable Thú vị, dễ thưởng thức sunset is a pleasurable way to unwind.
Fractals (Fractals cũng

là một thuật ngữ
chuyên ngành, được
giữ nguyên trong tiếng Fractals are fascinating mathematical
Fractals Việt) patterns that appear in nature and art.
Neural networks have revolutionized

various fields, including image recognition
Neural Thần kinh and natural language processing.
After years of hard work and dedication,

Jane finally received the recognition she
deserved for her contributions to the field
Recognition Nhận dạng of medicine.
Intricacy Tinh vi, phức tạp The artist's painting mesmerized the
audience with the intricacy of its
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brushwork and color blending.
Continuous exposure to loud noises can

lead to sensory overload, affecting our
Overload Quá tải ability to concentrate.
Neuroaesthetic studies aim to understand

how the brain responds to different art
Neuroaesthetic Thẩm mỹ thần kinh forms and aesthetics.
The scientist's hypothesis suggests a

correlation between certain genes and
Hypothesis Giả thuyết cognitive abilities.
The research team conducted a series of

scientific experiments to test their theories
Scientific Khoa học and collect data.
The natural environment of the forest

provides a serene setting for meditation and
Environment Môi trường relaxation.
The audience had diverse interpretations of

the abstract artwork, reflecting its depth
Interpretations Sự giải thích, diễn giải and complexity.
The students expressed their appreciation

for the teacher's dedication and insightful
Appreciation Sự đánh giá, trân trọng lectures.
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Neuroaesthetics is an interdisciplinary field
that explores how the brain processes and
Neuroaesthetics Thẩm mỹ thần kinh responds to art.
The scientist thoroughly analyzed the data,

leaving no stone unturned in the research
Thoroughly Kỹ lưỡng, tỉ mỉ process.
It took the cryptographer days to decipher

the encrypted message, but eventually, they
Decipher Giải mã succeeded.
The ancient artifact was carefully

reconstructed by archaeologists to
Reconstructed Tái tạo understand its original form.
The birds adapted their nesting behavior to

the changing environment due to
Adapted Thích nghi deforestation.
The natural environment of the forest

provides a serene setting for meditation and
Environment Môi trường relaxation.
Neuroaesthetic studies aim to understand

how the brain responds to different art
Neuroaesthetic Thẩm mỹ thần kinh forms and aesthetics.
The scientist's hypothesis suggests a

correlation between certain genes and
Hypothesis Giả thuyết cognitive abilities.
Appreciation Đánh giá, trân trọng The art exhibition received widespread
appreciation from both critics and the
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public.
Different interpretations of the abstract

artwork sparked engaging discussions
Interpretations Diễn giải among viewers.
Reading test 3
PASSAGE 1
She chose a soft cotton fabric for her new

Fabric Vải dress.
The children enjoyed picking ripe

Mulberry Dâu tằm mulberries from the tree.
He used a fishing reel to catch a big trout in

Reel Cái cuộn the lake.
The farmers diligently practiced cultivation

Cultivation Trồng trọt to grow their crops.
The peasants worked hard in the fields to

Peasants Nông dân support their families.
The local currency of that country is the

Currency Tiền tệ peso.
Trading Giao dịch

The merchants engaged in trading goods
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from various regions.
The merchants displayed their products at

Merchants Thương nhân the market.
The company gained a monopoly over the

Monopoly Độc quyền smartphone market.
The region witnessed rapid

Industrialisation Công nghiệp hóa industrialization in the 20th century.
Byzantine (bị giới hạn

chỉ cách nó được sử The Byzantine Empire was known for its
Byzantine dụng trong tiếng Việt) rich history and complex political structure.
The ancient Romans conquered many

Conquered Chinh phục territories during their expansion.
The palace's architecture was truly

magnificent, with intricate details and
Magnificent Tráng lệ, lộng lẫy grandeur.
The professor was highly esteemed in his

Esteemed Được kính trọng field for his groundbreaking research.
The industrialization of the 19th century

transformed societies and economies
Industrialisation Công nghiệp hóa worldwide.
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The new technology facilitated
Được tạo điều kiện, hỗ communication and made the process more
Facilitated trợ efficient.
The Great Wall of China is a remarkable

manmade structure that spans over
Manmade Nhân tạo thousands of miles.
The factory requires a steady supply of raw

Raw material Nguyên liệu thô materials to produce its goods.
The artist felt stifled by the lack of creative

Stifled Bị đàn áp, kiềm chế freedom in the restrictive environment.
The air force pilots relied on parachutes for

Parachutes Dù nhảy dù their safety during emergency situations.
The Silk Road facilitated trade between

East and West, allowing goods and ideas to
Silk Road Con đường tơ lụa flow across continents.
The company held a monopoly on the

production of a particular product,
Monopoly Độc quyền controlling the market entirely.
The emperor's imperial decree commanded

significant changes throughout the
Imperial Hoàng đế kingdom.
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The Byzantine Empire was known for its
rich history and cultural influence in the
Byzantine Empire Đế quốc Byzantine medieval world.
The Industrial Revolution marked a

significant shift towards industrialization
Industrialisation Công nghiệp hóa and mass production.
The esteemed professor was highly

respected for her groundbreaking research
Esteemed Được kính trọng in the field.
After a long battle, the soldiers finally

recaptured the strategic city from the
Recaptured Chiếm lại enemy forces.
The factory increased its production

capacity to meet the growing demand for
Production Sản xuất its products.
The brand prided itself on producing high-

quality, durable goods that earned them a
Quality Chất lượng loyal customer base.
The country's thriving agricultural sector

made it a major exporter of fruits and
Exporter Người xuất khẩu vegetables to other countries.
PASSAGE 2
The annual migration of wildebeest in Africa

Migration Di cư is a breathtaking spectacle.
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The swift movement of the cheetah allows it
Movement Chuyển động to chase down its prey.
Tigers are a majestic and endangered

Species Loài species.
Inherited Di truyền The ability to fly is an inherited trait in birds.
One of the main characteristics of dolphins

Characteristics Đặc điểm is their intelligence.
The path of the river follows a linear course

Linear Tuyến tính through the valley.
Observing the behaviors of chimpanzees can

Behaviours Hành vi give insights into their social structure.
The snow leopard is a special species found

Special Đặc biệt in the Himalayas.
The park ranger carefully manages the

Allocations Phân bổ resource allocations for the wildlife.
The mission of the research team is to study

Mission Nhiệm vụ the migration patterns of sea turtles.
A mother's instinctive love and protection

Instinctive Bẩm sinh for her offspring are powerful.
Many people admire the grace and beauty of

Admire Ngưỡng mộ horses.
The child gave his undivided attention to the

Undivided Không phân tâm fascinating nature documentary.
The intent of the migratory birds is to find a

Intent Mục đích warmer climate during winter.
The theory of evolution explains how

Evolution Tiến hóa species change over time.
The swan led her adorable offspring across

Offspring Con cháu the lake.
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The arrival of spring brings a burst of colors
Seasonal Mùa as seasonal flowers bloom.
The cliff climber made his way up the steep,

Vertical Dọc theo chiều thẳng vertical rock face.
The excessive fishing has depleted the fish

Depleted Cạn kiệt population in the lake.
The cat's sensitivity to sound allows it to

Sensitivity Độ nhạy cảm hear even the slightest noises.
The Northern Lights are a natural

phenomenon that attracts tourists from
Phenomenon Hiện tượng around the world.
The invariance of the ritual indicates its

Invariance Tính không biến đổi significance in their culture.
The narrowing of the river creates a

Constriction Hạn chế constriction that forms a rapid.
Lions are skilled predators, hunting in

Predators Kẻ săn mồi coordinated packs.
The hikers will traverse through the dense

Traverse Đi qua forest to reach the mountain peak.
The drought has led to a water crisis in the

Crisis Khủng hoảng region.
The national park is dedicated to the

Conservation Bảo tồn conservation of endangered species.
Planting trees is essential for preserving the

Preserving Bảo tồn environment.
Different wildlife falls under the

jurisdictions of various conservation
Jurisdictions Lĩnh vực quyền hạn agencies.
The resoluteness of the researchers ensured

Resoluteness Quyết tâm the success of the expedition.
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PASSAGE 3
The mathematical equation was challenging

Mathematical Toán học to solve.
Her fashion style is elegant and

Style Phong cách sophisticated.
Thinking Tư duy Critical thinking helps in problem-solving.
The athlete maintained sustained effort

Sustained Kéo dài throughout the marathon.
The data analysis revealed interesting

Analysis Phân tích patterns.
The scientist conducted experiments to test

Experiments Thí nghiệm the hypothesis.
The book offered valuable insights into

Insights Hiểu biết human behavior.
Her latest novel is a thrilling adventure

Novel Tiểu thuyết story.
I read the newspaper every morning to stay

Newspaper Báo informed.
He sketched a beautiful landscape using a

Pencil Bút chì pencil.
Wine aficionados can distinguish various

Aficionados Người đam mê flavors and aromas.
The movie kept the audience engaged

Throughout Trong suốt throughout.
Regular practice can sharpen your skills in

Sharpen Mài sắc any field.
Her analytical skills helped her solve

Analytical Phân tích complex problems.
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Many students aspire to pursue successful
Careers Sự nghiệp careers in science.
Require Yêu cầu The job requires strong leadership qualities.
The vacation was extended for an additional

Extended Kéo dài week.
The measurements need to be precise for

Precise Chính xác accurate results.
Regular practice is essential for

Practice Thực hành improvement.
The team showed sustained dedication to

Sustained Kéo dài their project.
Wine aficionados can distinguish various

Aficionados Người đam mê flavors and aromas.
The product received glowing testimonials

Testimonials Chứng thực from satisfied customers.
The physician provided excellent medical

Physician Bác sĩ care to the patient.
Prepared Chuẩn bị She was well-prepared for the presentation.
He chose a career in the medical field to

Medical Y học help others.
The report was thoroughly researched and

Thoroughly Kỹ lưỡng well-written.
They found a creative solution to the

Solution Giải pháp complex problem.
The data was carefully analyzed to draw

Analyzed Phân tích meaningful conclusions.
He is actively involved in political

Political Chính trị discussions.
Mathematicians use theorems to prove

Theorems Các định lý mathematical statements.
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The situation became more complicated as it
Complicated Phức tạp unfolded.
Reading test 4
PASSAGE 1
Y học sinh The biomedical field focuses on the intersection of biology and
Biomedical học medicine.
Nhà nghiên The researchers conducted a comprehensive study on climate

Researchers cứu change.
Twins Song sinh The identical twins have a striking resemblance to each other.
The job offer provided her with a great opportunity to advance

Opportunity Cơ hội her career.
Her mentor's guidance had a profound influence on her

Influence Ảnh hưởng academic journey.
Genes Gen Our genes determine various physical traits and characteristics.
The natural environment plays a crucial role in wildlife

Environment Môi trường conservation.
Nature Tự nhiên The breathtaking beauty of nature captivated the hikers.
Parents play a crucial role in nurturing their children's talents

Nurture Nuôi dưỡng and abilities.
Genetic Di truyền The genetic mutation was responsible for the rare disorder.
Anh em song sinh cùng

Fraternal cha khác mẹ Fraternal twins may have different physical features.
The researchers used statistical methods to quantify

Quantify Định lượng the results.
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The doctor diagnosed the patient's ailment and
Ailment Bệnh tật prescribed appropriate treatment.
Heredity: Some diseases are passed down through

Heredity Di truyền heredity.
Her bubbly and outgoing personality made her

Personality Tính cách popular among her peers.
The child's aggressive behavior raised concerns

Behavior Hành vi among teachers.
The elderly are more vulnerable to certain health

Vulnerability Tính dễ tổn thương conditions.
The interplay between genetics and lifestyle

Interplay Tương tác influences health outcomes.
The approaching storm prompted people to take

Approaching Tiếp cận necessary precautions.
The statistic indicated a significant increase in crime

Statistic Thống kê rates.
After years of separation, the long-lost siblings were finally

Reunited Hàn gắn lại reunited.
Minnesota Minnesota The study was conducted at the University of Minnesota.
Phòng thí
Laboratories nghiệm The research was carried out in state-of-the-art laboratories.
Heritability Tính di truyền The heritability of certain traits varies among individuals.
Chemical Hoá học The chemical reaction resulted in a color change.
The researchers published their findings in a reputable

Researchers Nhà nghiên cứu journal.
Elemental Căn bản The fundamental principles of the theory were well explained.
Epigenetics explores the influence of environmental factors

Epigenetics Dịch gen on gene expression.
78
Nhà di truyền
Geneticist học The geneticist specializes in studying inherited diseases.
Reflective Phản ánh The reflective surface of the mirror produced a clear image.
PASSAGE 2
The Shawshank Redemption" is a critically acclaimed film that

Film Phim explores the human spirit.
The sound of thunder and rain in the movie added to the eerie
Sound Âm thanh atmosphere.
The visual effects in "Avatar" were groundbreaking and

Visual Hình ảnh transported audiences to a mesmerizing world.
Tầm quan The importance of family is a central theme in the heartwarming

Importance trọng film "Coco."
The complicated plot of "Inception" keeps viewers engaged with

Complicated Phức tạp its multiple layers of dreams.
The image of the iconic golden snitch in "Harry Potter"

Image Hình ảnh symbolizes the pursuit of victory.
Director Christopher Nolan's style is evident in "The Dark

Director Đạo diễn Knight," a gripping superhero movie.
The track "Eye of the Tiger" from "Rocky" became an anthem of

Track Đường dẫn determination and resilience.
Morgan Freeman's commanding voice lent gravitas to the

Voice Giọng nói documentary "March of the Penguins."
The special effects in "Jurassic Park" brought dinosaurs to life

Effects Hiệu ứng with stunning realism.
79
Đặc The characterization of Hamlet in Shakespeare's play is
Characterization trưng complex and multi-dimensional.
Nhận The protagonist perceives a mysterious presence lurking in the

Perceives thức old mansion.
The actor's persona on stage captivated the audience with its

Persona Nhân vật charm and charisma.
The realistic portrayal of war in "Saving Private Ryan" left a

Realistic Realistic lasting impact on viewers.
The artist's painting beautifully portrayed the innocence of a

Portray Mô tả child playing in a field.
The intrinsic bond between a mother and her child is undeniable

Intrinsic Bản chất and powerful.
The "Harry Potter" series follows the wizarding world's hero

Succession Liên tục through a thrilling succession of adventures.
The "Star Trek" universe features diverse planets and species,

Universe Vũ trụ exploring the vastness of space.
The absurdity of the situations in the comedy film had the

Absurdity Tồi tệ audience in fits of laughter.
Trốn "The Chronicles of Narnia" offer a world of escapism,

Escapism tránh transporting readers to a magical land.
The synchronous dance performance was a mesmerizing display

Synchronous Đồng bộ of harmony and coordination.
Chân The realism in the historical drama "Schindler's List" depicted the
Realism thực horrors of the Holocaust with poignant accuracy.
Bầu
không The eerie atmosphere of the haunted house movie sent shivers
Atmosphere khí down the viewers' spines.
As the dark clouds gathered on the horizon and the wind howled
through the empty streets, the eerie silence gave the deserted town
Ominous Điềm gở an ominous feeling, hinting at an impending storm.
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Âm The volume of the explosions in the action-packed sequence was
Volume lượng so intense that it shook the theater.
The suspenseful plot twist in the mystery movie kept the audience
Suspense Hồi hộp guessing until the very end.
Không The asynchronous timeline in the narrative added complexity and

Asynchronous đồng bộ intrigue to the storytelling.
The subtle nuance in the actor's facial expressions conveyed a

Nuance Sắc thái range of emotions without words.
The psychic detective in the TV series solves crimes using his

Psychic Tâm linh extraordinary abilities.
The mysterious letter foreshadows the protagonist's upcoming

Foreshadows Tiên tri adventure in the fantasy novel.
PASSAGE 3
Trước Foremost in his mind was the safety of his family during the
Foremost hết storm.
A Swiss Army knife is a versatile tool that includes various

Tool Công cụ functions in a single package.
Phi Her ability to memorize complex equations at such a young age is

Extraordinary thường truly extraordinary.
The sophistication of the AI system allowed it to process vast

Sophistication Tinh vi amounts of data with precision.
The ingenious contraption solved the problem in a way no one had

Ingenious Tài tình thought of before.
The marvellous sunset painted the sky in a breathtaking array of

Marvellous Kỳ diệu colors.
Phát The invention of the telephone revolutionized communication

Invention minh across long distances.
Biến The variability in weather patterns makes it challenging to predict

Variability thiên the exact conditions.
Disclose Tiết lộ The company refused to disclose its financial details to the public.
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Xâm The detective managed to penetrate the criminal organization's
Penetrate nhập inner circle to gather evidence.
The chef skillfully crafted an exquisite dish that delighted

Skillfully Khéo léo the guests' taste buds.
After years of practice, the pianist perfected her

Perfected Hoàn thiện performance, leaving the audience in awe.
Sản phẩm thủ The intricate handiwork of the artisan transformed raw
Handiwork công materials into a beautiful sculpture.
The software offers various configurations to customize the

Configurations Cấu hình user experience.
The experiment was conducted in a haphazard manner,

Haphazard Tùy tiện leading to inconsistent results.
The old engine splutters and struggles to start on a cold

Splutters Kêu lét winter morning.
Express Diễn đạt She used art to express her deepest emotions and thoughts.
The magician's deceptive tricks left the audience amazed

Deceptive Lừa dối and bewildered.
Despite facing many challenges, her hard work and

Triumphs Thành công determination led to triumphs in her career.
His resourcefulness in solving problems made him a

Resourcefulness Tài năng valuable asset to the team.
The long period of estrangement between the two friends left

Estrangement Cách ly them feeling distant and disconnected.
The market offered a variety of exotic fruits and spices from

Exotic Kỳ lạ different parts of the world.
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Her outlandish fashion choices always turned heads and
Outlandish Lạ lùng sparked curiosity.
Breath- Hấp dẫn đến The breathtaking view from the mountaintop was truly breath-
breaking ngừng thở breaking in its beauty.
The abandoned, decaying building stood as a monstrosity of

Monstrosity Quái vật the past, once a colossus of industrial progress.
The ancient colossus of Rhodes was one of the Seven

Wonders of the Ancient World, standing tall and impressive at
Colossus Khổng lồ the harbor entrance.
The colossus of a building dominated the skyline, showcasing

Impressive Ấn tượng impressive architecture.
The compactness of the smartphone allowed it to fit

Compactness Sự gọn gàng comfortably in the palm of the hand.
The construction of the new bridge was a marvel of

Construction Xây dựng engineering and design.
Cân chỉnh tỉ The precision and attention to detail in the project's planning
Fine-tuned mỉ were fine-tuned to ensure success.
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CAMBRIDGE 12
Reading test 1
PASSAGE 1
Đáng chú
Remarkable ý The progress made in this project is truly remarkable.
Tough Khó khăn The team faced tough challenges, but they never gave up.
Elastic Đàn hồi The rubber band is elastic, stretching easily when pulled.
The boat is made of buoyant materials, allowing it to float on

Buoyant Nổi water.
Fire- Chống
resistant cháy The fire-resistant coating protected the building from the flames.
Suitable Phù hợp This tool is suitable for the task at hand.
The meeting served multiple purposes, including planning and

Purposes Mục đích decision-making.
Cách The thick walls provide excellent insulating properties, keeping the
Insulating nhiệt house warm in winter.
The temperature remains constant throughout the year in this

Constant Bền vững region.
Pressure Áp lực The high-pressure environment demands quick decision-making.
Witnessing the aurora borealis is an extraordinary

Extraordinary Phi thường experience.
The human body is composed of numerous cellular

Cellular Tế bào structures.
84
Scientists are working on replicating the experiment to
Replicating Sao chép confirm the results.
The rubber's elasticity allows it to return to its original shape

Elasticity Độ đàn hồi after being stretched.
Phát triển
Thrive mạnh mẽ The business thrived despite the economic downturn.
Phát triển The garden flourished with colorful flowers and healthy
Flourish mạnh mẽ plants.
Chất dinh Fruits and vegetables provide essential nutrients for a

Nutrients dưỡng balanced diet.
Specialised Chuyên biệt The doctor is highly specialized in neurology.
Skilled Thạo đồ The carpenter is skilled in crafting intricate designs.
The house has excellent insulation, keeping it cool in the

Insulation Cách ly summer and warm in the winter.
Địa Trung The Mediterranean climate offers mild winters and hot
Mediterranean Hải summers.
The study measured the concentrations of pollutants in the

Concentrations Nồng độ air.
The company implemented sustainable practices to reduce its

Sustainable Bền vững environmental impact.
The process of desertification threatens the fertility of the

Desertification Sa mạc hóa land.
Sarcophagi Quan tài đá The ancient tombs contained beautifully carved sarcophagi.
Vùng The Alentejo region in Portugal is known for its vast cork
Alentejo Alentejo oak forests.
Patience Kiên nhẫn Success requires patience and perseverance.
Monopoly Độc quyền The company held a monopoly on the market for years.
Phenols Phếnol Phenols are organic compounds commonly found in plants.
85
Đa dạng sinh The rainforest is known for its rich biodiversity, housing
Biodiversity học numerous plant and animal species.
PASSAGE 2
Tuan has been collecting vintage coins from different countries for
Collecting Thu thập over a decade.
The menu at the restaurant offers a varied selection of dishes from

Varied Đa dạng various cuisines.
The history of ancient civilizations is truly fascinating to learn

Fascinating Hấp dẫn about.
The new software requires some technical knowledge to install and

Technical Kỹ thuật operate.
Quan In ancient cultures, people had different notions about the afterlife
Notions điểm and existence.
Tâm lý The psychological impact of childhood experiences can shape a

Psychological học person's behavior in adulthood.
The educational system in the country focuses on fostering critical

Educational Giáo dục thinking and creativity.
Hóa Paleontologists discovered several well-preserved fossils of

Fossils thạch dinosaurs in the excavation site.
The company is planning on enlarging its production facility to

Enlarging Mở rộng meet the growing demand.
Spending time with loved ones brings immense pleasure and

Pleasure Niềm vui happiness to one's life.
Over the years, she has been amassing a vast collection of rare
Amassing Tập trung books from different eras.
86
The new computer program is instrumental in streamlining the
Instrumental Công cụ company's administrative tasks.
The antique store showcased an impressive array of vintage

Antiques Đồ cổ furniture and art pieces.
His main motive for starting the business was to make a

Motive Động cơ positive impact on the community.
Động cơ máy The old steam locomotive chugged along the scenic
Locomotive kéo countryside, carrying excited passengers.
Người sưu As a passionate philatelist, he spends hours carefully

Philatelist tầm tem organizing his extensive stamp collection.
Her insecurity about her abilities often holds her back from
Insecurity Bất an pursuing new opportunities.
Chủ nghĩa cá Embracing individualism, she refused to conform to societal

Individualism nhân norms and followed her unique path.
The artist succeeded in conveying powerful emotions through

Conveying Truyền tải his thought-provoking paintings.
The captivating novel proved to be so engrossing that he

Engrossing Cuốn hút finished it in one sitting.
Người đam mê sưu As an archtophilist, John travels the world to collect

Archtophilist tầm vỏ cây arches and unique architectural structures.
Người nghiên cứu Mary is an avid deltiologist, with a vast collection of

Deltiologist tem postcards from various countries.
The postage for international packages can be quite

Postage Phí gửi thư expensive.
The whole town was celebrating the victory of their

Celebrating Kỷ niệm local sports team.
After finishing college, she felt aimless and unsure about

Aimless Không mục đích her future career path.
The vast landscape of the desert stretched out before

Vast Rộng lớn them, with no end in sight.
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Despite the cheaper price, the inferior quality of the
Inferior Kém hơn product disappointed the customers.
The computer meets all the necessary specifications for

Specifications Thông số kỹ thuật running the latest software.
Her exceptional performance in the competition made

Noteworthy Đáng chú ý her the most noteworthy contestant.
The sense of fulfillment she felt after completing her

Fulfilment Sự hoàn thiện first marathon was indescribable.
PASSAGE 3
Viện chức Harvard University is a renowned institution known for its

Institution năng academic excellence.
"Learn, grow, and inspire" is the motto that drives the students at
Motto Khẩu hiệu our school.
After completing her education, she pursued a successful career in

Career Sự nghiệp medicine.
Chương The university offers a comprehensive program in business

Program trình administration to prepare future leaders.
The photography course covers various techniques for capturing

Course Khóa học stunning images.
The increasing demand for organic produce has led to more

Increasing Tăng lên sustainable farming practices.
The company is in the process of establishing a new

Establishing Thành lập manufacturing plant to meet growing customer demands.
The chain of events leading to the accident was thoroughly

Chain Chuỗi investigated by the authorities.
The lawyer presented compelling evidence in the court to support

Evidence Bằng chứng his client's case.
He received numerous academic awards for his outstanding

Academic Học thuật performance in physics.
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The prosecution presented a strong case against the

Prosecution Truy tố accused, leading to a conviction.
Chuyên The professionalization of the healthcare industry has

Professionalization nghiệp hóa improved patient care and safety.
Investigators found evidence of torching, suggesting

Torching Phóng hỏa arson as the cause of the fire.
The financial aspect of the project requires careful

Aspect Khía cạnh consideration of budget and funding.
Được viết The laws and regulations have been codified to ensure
Codified thành luật consistency and legal compliance.
Ethical behavior is a fundamental requirement for any

Ethical Đạo đức business to gain public trust.
She worked hard to acquire new skills and knowledge in

Acquire Thu được her field of interest.
Through years of hard work, he was able to acquire

Expertise Chuyên môn expertise in computer programming.
The research paper underwent thorough scrutiny by peer

Scrupiny Sự kỹ lưỡng reviewers before publication.
The divergent views among the team members led to a

Divergent Khác nhau productive brainstorming session.
The company is actively seeking prospective candidates for

Prospective Tiềm năng the new management position.
Arsonists are responsible for intentionally setting fire to the

Arsonists Kẻ phóng hỏa abandoned building.
Detecting early signs of diseases can significantly improve

Detecting Phát hiện treatment outcomes.
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Starting her own business was a risky endeavor, but she was
Endeavor Nỗ lực determined to succeed.
The project is scheduled to be completed in two weeks,

Presumably Có lẽ presumably by the end of the month.
She could always articulate her thoughts eloquently during

Articulate Diễn đạt public speeches.
His noble actions during the crisis earned him respect and
Noble Quý tộc admiration from others.
Thiếu thận The reckless driving behavior resulted in a serious car

Reckless trọng accident.
Không có The company's unprincipled practices led to a loss of trust

Unprincipled nguyên tắc from its customers.
The team explored divergent paths to find the best solution to

Divergent Khác nhau the complex problem.
Reading test 2
PASSAGE 1
Single Độc thân He is currently single and focusing on his career.
Person Người The person standing by the door is my cousin.
Thực
Food phẩm I cooked delicious food for the family dinner.
Day Ngày Every day, I take a short walk in the park to clear my mind.
Right Quyền Everyone has the right to freedom of speech and expression.
Nature Tự nhiên Spending time in nature rejuvenates my mind and soul.
Political Chính trị The political landscape is constantly changing during election season.
Kinh
Business doanh She runs a successful business that specializes in handmade jewelry.
Time Thời gian Time management is essential for completing tasks efficiently.
90
Learning about different cultural traditions enriches our understanding
Cultural Văn hóa of the world.
The production of smartphones has increased significantly in

Production Sản xuất recent years.
Dễ tổn Due to the ongoing pandemic, the elderly population is more

Vulnerable thương vulnerable to the virus.
The two sisters have different tastes in music, one prefers

Different Khác biệt classical, and the other enjoys rock.
When I saw the surprise on her face, I knew she loved the
Face Đối diện birthday present.
The changing climate patterns are causing extreme weather

Climate Khí hậu events around the world.
Protecting the environment is crucial for the well-being of future

Environment Môi trường generations.
In some regions, malaria is still prevalent, leading to health

Prevalent Phổ biến concerns for the locals.
Overcoming obstacles and pushing boundaries is a challenge that

Challenge Thách thức drives us to grow.
Many countries have a heavy dependency on fossil fuels for

Dependency Phụ thuộc energy production.
The government implemented new policies to improve healthcare

Government Chính phủ accessibility for all citizens.
The teacher's intervention helped the struggling student grasp

Intervention Can thiệp the concept.
Suggested Đề xuất She suggested trying a new restaurant for their date night.
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Mitigate Giảm nhẹ Planting trees can help mitigate the impact of climate change.
Không chắc
Uncertainties chắn The project's success was uncertain due to various factors.
The government provides subsidies to encourage renewable

Subsidies Trợ cấp energy adoption.
The company improved its transparency by sharing its

Transparency Công khai sustainability efforts with the public.
Tài chính The financialised economy has seen an increase in speculative

Financialised hóa investments.
Ignoring the environmental impact could lead to severe

Consequences Hậu quả consequences for future generations.
The autonomous vehicle navigated through the city streets

Autonomous Tự trị without any human input.
The meeting involved various stakeholders to discuss the

Stakeholders Cổ đông community development project.
PASSAGE 2
The hikers followed a well-marked track through the dense

Track Đường mòn forest.
As they descend the mountain, the air becomes cooler and

Descend Hạ xuống refreshing.
The chosen route took them through picturesque villages and

Route Tuyến đường stunning landscapes.
Amazon A-ma-zôn The Amazon River is the longest river in the world.
The canyons in the Arizona desert offer spectacular views of

Canyons Hẻm núi nature's wonders.
Having prior experience in mountaineering gave him an

Advantage Lợi thế advantage during the expedition.
The construction team blasted through the rock to create a new

Blasted Bị đánh mạnh tunnel.
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The trail gradually descends to the valley floor, where the
Lower Thấp hơn vegetation is denser.
Cuộc đi bộ They embarked on challenging treks to explore remote areas of

Treks đường dài the Himalayas.
The expedition ventured deep into the heart of the dense jungle,
Jungle Rừng rậm encountering unique wildlife.
Bạn đồng He enjoyed the company of his loyal companions during the
Companions hành trip.
Ruins Tàn tích The ancient ruins of the temple attract many tourists.
Prospect Triển vọng She had a positive prospect for her future career.
Vivid Sống động The artist created a vivid painting of the cityscape.
Mausoleum Lăng mộ The mausoleum housed the remains of the late king.
The monumental building stood as a symbol of the city's

Monumental To lớn history.
Ceremonial Lễ nghi The wedding ceremony was filled with traditional rituals.
Spellbound Bị quyền hạn The magical performance left the audience spellbound.
Journal Nhật ký She diligently kept a journal to record her daily experiences.
Sự đánh giá His hard work and dedication earned him the appreciation of
Appreciation cao his colleagues.
With hindsight, he realized he should have made a

Hindsight Tương lai different decision.
Reveal Tiết lộ The investigation revealed crucial evidence in the case.
The extent of the damage was beyond their

Extent Phạm vi expectations.
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Magnificent Tuyệt vời The grand palace displayed magnificent architecture.
The visionary leader inspired her team with a bold

Vision Tầm nhìn vision.
The information provided in the report turned out to be

Inaccurate Sai lầm inaccurate.
Perplexed Lúng túng The complex situation left the negotiators perplexed.
The chroniclers documented historical events in great

Chroniclers Nhà sử học detail.
Các công trình tưởng Ancient monuments stand as a testament to the past
Monuments niệm civilizations.
The descendants of the royal family still hold

Descendants Con cháu significant influence.
PASSAGE 3
Growing up in a bilingual household, she easily switches

Bilingual Song ngữ between two languages.
Disadvantage Bất lợi One disadvantage of the new software is its high memory usage.
The rapid advancement in technological innovations has

Technological Công nghệ revolutionized the way we communicate.
Cognitive exercises can improve memory and problem-solving

Cognitive Nhận thức skills.
Thần kinh The doctor explained the neurological condition affecting the
Neurological học patient's motor skills.
Regular exercise brings numerous benefits to physical and

Benefits Lợi ích mental health.
The sequential steps in the recipe ensure a perfect cake every

Sequential Tuần tự time.
The activation of the security system alerted the authorities of a

Activation Kích hoạt possible intrusion.
Auditory Thính giác The auditory experience of a live concert is unparalleled.
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Hiện The Northern Lights are a natural phenomenon that captivates
Phenomenon tượng many travelers.
Ngôn ngữ
Linguistic học Linguistic research explores how languages evolve and interact.
The fierce competition among the athletes showcased their skills

Competition Cạnh tranh and determination.
Conflict Xung đột The conflict between two rival groups led to a heated argument.
Perceptual abilities allow us to interpret and understand the world

Perceptual Tri giác around us.
Relevant Liên quan The relevant information helped him solve the complex problem.
Perceiving Nhận thức Perceiving the beauty of nature, she felt a sense of tranquility.
Encoding Mã hóa The encoding of data ensures its secure storage and retrieval.
Perception can be influenced by individual experiences and

Perception Nhận thức beliefs.
Interference Can thiệp Interference from other devices disrupted the radio signal.
Through practice and dedication, she was able to acquire a new

Acquire Học được skill.
The company offered financial compensation for the

Compensation Bồi thường damaged goods.
Degenerative diseases gradually deteriorate a person's health

Degenerative Suy thoái over time.
Hướng ra The outward appearance of the building was stunning and

Outward ngoài modern.
Abilities Khả năng His artistic abilities allowed him to create beautiful paintings.
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The common symptoms of a cold include coughing and
Symptoms Triệu chứng sneezing.
Bệnh Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative

Alzheimer's Alzheimer disorder.
The doctor scheduled a follow-up appointment to monitor the

Follow-up Theo dõi patient's progress.
Their counterparts in the rival team displayed impressive

Counterparts Đối tác teamwork.
The knowledge transfer between departments improved

Transfer Chuyển giao efficiency.
She is a multilingual individual, proficient in four different

Multilingual Đa ngôn ngữ languages.
Reading test 3
PASSAGE 1
Programme Chương trình The government launched a new education program to improve
literacy rates.
Conservationists Nhà bảo tồn The conservationists worked tirelessly to protect the endangered
species.
Endangered Cực kỳ nguy The panda is an endangered species, and efforts are being made to
cấp save it from extinction.
Barren Hoang vu, cằn The desert landscape appeared barren with no signs of life.
cỗi
Adapted Thích nghi The animals have adapted to the harsh climate over generations
Exceeding Vượt quá The athlete's performance was exceptional, exceeding everyone's
expectations.
Exacerbated Làm trầm trọng The lack of rain exacerbated the drought situation in the region.
hơn
Habitat Môi trường The zoo created a natural habitat for the tigers to mimic their
sống wild environment.
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Overpopulation Sự quá tải dân The city faced challenges due to the overpopulation of stray
số animals.
Repatriation Sự hồi hương The embassy assisted in the repatriation of citizens stranded
abroad.
Archipelago Quần đảo Indonesia is known for its vast archipelago comprising thousands
of islands.
Immobile Không thể di After the accident, he was left immobile and needed a wheelchair
chuyển for mobility.
Predators Thú săn mồi Lions are skilled predators and hunt in packs.
Captive-bred Nuôi nhốt The zoo had a successful captive bred program for endangered
species.
Treacherous Nguy hiểm, nguy Climbing the mountain in bad weather conditions can be
hiểm treacherous.
Logistical Vận chuyển Planning a big event requires careful logistical arrangements.
Ambitious Đầy tham vọng The young entrepreneur had ambitious plans to expand his business
globally.
Payload Tải trọng The rocket's payload included communication satellites and
scientific instruments.
Ancestral Từ tổ tiên The tribal leader shared stories of their ancestral traditions.
Regeneration Tái sinh The forest showed signs of regeneration after the wildfire.
Inhospitable Không thích hợp để The harsh desert was an inhospitable environment for most
sống living organisms.
Exponentially Một cách lũy tiến With the advent of technology, data storage capacity has
increased exponentially.
97
Exploitation Sự khai thác The company was criticized for its exploitation of labor in
developing countries.
Resemble Giống, giống như The sculpture was made to resemble the famous historical
figure.
Distinct Riêng biệt Each species of bird has its distinct song.
Sufficient Đủ Make sure you have sufficient funds to cover your expenses
during the trip.
Unprecedented Chưa từng có The flooding caused unprecedented damage to the city
infrastructure.
Lumbering Đi rất chậm The elephant was lumbering through the forest, breaking
branches in its path.
Investigating Điều tra The detective is currently investigating the mysterious

disappearance of the artifact.
Symbol Biểu tượng The dove is often seen as a symbol of peace in various cultures.
PASSAGE 2
Eradicated Xoá bỏ Smallpox has been eradicated globally through successful

vaccination campaigns.
Prevalent Phổ biến In some regions malaria is still prevalent despite efforts to control it.
Antibiotics Kháng sinh The doctor prescribed antibiotics to treat the bacterial infection.
Geographical Địa lý The study aims to explore the geographical distribution of infectious
diseases.
Malaria-prone Vùng mắc The tropical rainforest is a malaria-prone area due to the presence of
sốt rét disease-carrying mosquitoes.
High-altitude Cao độ High-altitude regions often have lower oxygen levels which may
affect respiratory health.
Deserts Sa mạc The Sahara Desert is one of the largest deserts in the world.
Industrialisation Công nghiệp Industrialisation has brought economic growth but also
hóa environmental challenges.
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Expansion Mở rộng The expansion of urban areas can lead to increased pollution levels.
Fresh Tươi The fresh air in the countryside is beneficial for respiratory health.
Correlation Tương quan The study found a strong correlation between air pollution and
respiratory diseases.
Epidemiology Dịch tễ học Epidemiological studies play a crucial role in understanding

disease patterns.
Discrepancy Sai lệch There is a noticeable discrepancy in healthcare access between

rural and urban areas.
Vulnerable Dễ tổn The elderly and young children are vulnerable to influenza
thương outbreaks.
Recommendations Đề xuất The World Health Organization issued recommendations for

managing the COVID 19 pandemic.
Obvious Rõ ràng The impact of pollution on public health is obvious in highly

polluted cities.
Industrialization Công nghiệp The rapid industrialization of the region led to environmental
hóa degradation.
Hybrids Kháng cự Interdisciplinary research often involves hybrids of different

scientific fields.
Lai Tái xuất hiện There is a lai between healthcare services in urban and rural areas.
Global Scales Quy mô COVID-19 spread on a global scale, affecting multiple

toàn cầu countries.
Resistant Kháng cự Some bacteria have become resistant to multiple antibiotics.
Re- emerging Tái xuất Tuberculosis is re- emerging as a major health concern in
hiện some regions.
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Hybrid Science Khoa học lai Health geography is a hybrid science that combines
geography and health studies.
Eradication Tiêu diệt The eradication of a disease requires comprehensive public

health efforts.
Prevention Phòng ngừa Vaccination is an effective method of disease prevention.
Frontline Tuyến đầu Healthcare workers are on the frontline in combating

epidemics.
Global Scales Quy mô toàn COVID 19 spread on a global scale, affecting multiple
cầu countries.
Assess Đánh giá Researchers assess the impact of pollution on public health.
Making Đưa ra đề The expert panel is making recommendations to improve

Recommendations xuất healthcare access.
International Tổ chức The World Health Organization is an important international

Organisations quốc tế organization in global health.
PASSAGE 3
Abstract Trừu tượng Art can often be abstract, conveying emotions without explicit ideas.
Devoid Trống trải The painting was devoid of any recognizable objects or figures.
Manage Quản lý Despite the challenges, they managed to complete the project on time.
Precise Chính xác The scientist conducted a precise experiment to obtain accurate results.
Neurons Thần kinh Neurons are specialized cells that transmit information in the brain.
Monitored Theo dõi The patient's vital signs were constantly monitored during the surgery
Surprising Ngạc nhiên The sudden rain shower was surprising, as the weather forecast
predicted a sunny day.
Impressive Ấn tượng The painting displayed an impressive blend of colors and textures.
Anticipating Dự đoán The children were eagerly anticipating the arrival of the circus in town.
Unresolved Chưa giải The mystery remained unresolved until the detective discovered the
quyết crucial clue.
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Underpinnings Nền tảng The research aims to uncover the underpinnings of human
motivation and behavior.
Neurons Thần kinh The study investigates the interactions between neurons in the
brain.
Caudate Hạch đuôi The caudate is a brain region associated with learning and
anticipation.
Active Hoạt động The volcano has been dormant for centuries, but it could become
active again.
Anticipatory Trước The audience was in an anticipatory mood before the concert of
their favorite band.
Cluster Cụm The cluster of flowers in the garden attracted butterflies and bees.
Unpredictable Không thể đoán The weather in the mountains can be unpredictable, with sudden
trước changes.
Emotional Xúc động The movie's emotional scenes left the audience in tears.
Principle Nguyên tắc The school follows the principle of promoting a positive learning
environment.
Suspenseful Gây căng thẳng The novel kept the readers in a suspenseful state, eager to know
the outcome.
Flirtation Tán tỉnh The poet's use of metaphor adds a sense of flirtation to his love
poems.
Ingenious Khéo léo The engineer came up with an ingenious solution to the complex
problem.
Suspenseful Gây căng thẳng The movie's suspenseful plot kept the audience on the edge of their
seats.
Unfulfilled Không được đáp The unfulfilled dreams of the main character drove the narrative of
ứng the novel.
Unfolding Đang diễn ra The unfolding events of the story kept the readers engaged until the
end.
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Embodied Hiện hữu The artist's work embodied the spirit of freedom and expression.
Invokes Triệu hồi The author's vivid descriptions invoke a sense of nostalgia in the
readers.
Uncertainty Sự không chắc The uncertainty of the future made the decision making process
chắn challenging.
Predict Dự đoán The scientist used mathematical models to predict the outcome of
the experiment.
Completed Hoàn thành The team successfully completed the construction project ahead of
schedule.
Reading test 4
PASSAGE 1
Origins Nguyên gốc The origins of the traditional dance can be traced back to ancient
rituals.
Intense Mạnh mẽ The intense heat from the sun made the desert a challenging place to
survive.
Coating Phủ lên The intense heat from the sun made the desert a challenging place to
survive.
Craftsmen Thợ thủ công Skilled craftsmen meticulously carved intricate designs on the
wooden furniture.
Invention Phát minh Thomas Edison's invention of the light bulb revolutionized the way
we live.
Optical Quang học The telescope provides optical clarity to observe celestial objects.
Excise Thuế tiêu thụ The excise tax on cigarettes was increased to discourage smoking.
đặc biệt
Domestic Trong nước The company specializes in selling domestic appliances like
refrigerators and washing machines.
Advancement Tiến bộ The medical field has seen significant advancements in technology
over the years.
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Precise Chính xác The engineer made precise measurements to ensure the accuracy of
the construction.
Widespread Lan rộng The news of the discovery spread rapidly, becoming widespread across
the country.
Invaluable Vô giá The advice from the experienced mentor was invaluable in guiding my
career.
Fiercely Mãnh liệt The two teams competed fiercely in the championship game.
Advancement Tiến bộ The advancement of technology has revolutionized various industries.
Precise Chính xác The scientist conducted precise experiments to gather accurate data.
Hi- tech Công nghệ Example: The company specializes in producing hi- tech gadgets and
cao devices.
Critical Quan trọng The success of the project depended on critical decisions made by the
team.
Resources Tài nguyên The government is investing in renewable energy resources to reduce
dependence on fossil fuels.
Environment Môi trường Conservation efforts aim to protect the environment and wildlife.
Popular Phổ biến The latest smartphone model is highly popular among tech enthusiasts.
Meticulously Cẩn thận The artist meticulously painted every detail in the masterpiece.
Revolutionized Cách mạng The internet has revolutionized the way people communicate and
hóa access information.
Specializes Chuyên về The company specializes in providing customized solutions for its
clients.
Rapidly Nhanh chóng The construction of the new building progressed rapidly, thanks to
efficient planning.
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Various Đa dạng The exhibition showcased various art styles and techniques.
Championship Giải vô địch The team celebrated their victory after winning the championship.
Renewable Tái tạo Solar and wind energy are examples of renewable sources of power.
Depended Dựa vào The success of the project depended on the collaborative efforts of the
team members.
Conservation Bảo tồn The national park is dedicated to the conservation of endangered
species.
Efforts Nỗ lực The volunteers put in great efforts to clean up the beach and protect
the environment.
PASSAGE 2
Poem Bài thơ The poet recited a beautiful poem at the event.
Mystery Bí ẩn The detective was determined to solve the mystery of the missing jewels.
Bone Xương The archaeologist carefully excavated the ancient bone from the site.
Period Kỳ The historical period known as the Renaissance was a time of great
cultural and artistic flourishing.
Presumed Được cho là The hikers were presumed to be lost in the wilderness until they were
found by the rescue team.
Extinction Tuyệt chủng Human activities have led to the extinction of many animal species.
Together Cùng nhau The team worked together to complete the project ahead of schedule.
Estimated Ước tính The estimated cost of the construction project was within the budget.
Evidence Bằng chứng The fingerprints found at the crime scene provided crucial evidence for the
investigation.
Movement Cuộc di The dance troupe performed a graceful movement that captivated the
chuyển audience.
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Restoration Khôi phục The restoration of the ancient monument required careful
preservation techniques.
Ecosystems Hệ sinh thái The delicate balance of ecosystems can be disrupted by human
activities.
Denuded Tiêu diệt The deforestation has denuded the once lush forest, leaving it
barren.
Permitting Vietnamese: Cho The new regulations are permitting more flexibility in business
phép operations.
Predators săn mồi Lions are fierce predators that hunt their prey in packs.
Resonate Gây ảnh hưởng The powerful speech by the activist resonated with the audience,
inspiring them to take action.
Niches Chỗ ngồi Certain bird species occupy specific ecological niches within the
forest.
Dynamism Sự năng động The dynamism of the economy is evident in its continuous growth
and innovation.
Scouring Lục lọi The archaeologists were scouring the desert for ancient artifacts
Rewilding Tái phục hồi tự The rewilding project aims to reintroduce native species to their
nhiên natural habitats.
Reintroduced Tái giới thiệu The endangered species was successfully reintroduced into its natural
habitat.
European Châu Âu The European Union promotes economic cooperation among its
member countries.
Spread Lan truyền The news of the discovery spread quickly across the globe.
Lucrative Lời The business venture proved to be highly lucrative, bringing in

substantial profits.
Charismatic Cuốn hút The actor's charismatic presence on stage captivated the audience.
Highlands Vùng cao The highlands offer breathtaking views of the surrounding landscape.
nguyên
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Organisation Tổ chức The non-profit organization works towards providing education for
underprivileged children.
Catalyse Kích thích The new initiative is expected to catalyze positive changes in the
community.
Rarest Hiếm có The blue diamond is one of the rarest gemstones in the world.
Ecosystems Hệ sinh thái The protection of ecosystems is essential for the preservation of
biodiversity.
PASSAGE 3
Governance Quản trị The board of directors is responsible for the governance of the
company.
Prolonged Kéo dài The drought resulted in a prolonged period of water scarcity.
Meltdown Sự nóng chảy The nuclear power plant experienced a meltdown, leading to a
dangerous situation.
Post- Khám nghiệm tử After the project's failure, the team conducted post- mortems to
mortems thi analyze the reasons for the outcome.
Inquiry Cuộc điều tra The government launched an inquiry to investigate the allegations
of corruption.
Intense Dữ dội The competition for the job was intense, with many qualified
candidates applying.
Fulfilling Bổ sung : The job offers a fulfilling career with opportunities for growth and
development.
Overloaded Vietnamese: Quá The overloaded schedule left little time for relaxation.
tải
Collaboration Sự hợp tác The successful project was the result of effective collaboration
among team members.
Anticipate Đoán trước The experienced detective could anticipate the criminal's next
move.
106
Devolved Ủy thác The manager devolved certain tasks to his team members to empower
them and promote growth.
Recruitment Tuyển dụng The HR department is responsible for recruitment and hiring new
employees.
Remuneration Tiền công The company offers competitive remuneration packages to attract top
talent.
Transparency Tính minh The company values transparency and regularly communicates with its
bạch employees about company matters.
Shareholders Cổ đông The company's shareholders will vote on the proposed merger during
the annual general meeting.
Incentivised Được thúc The employees were incentivized with performance bonuses for
đẩy exceeding their targets.
Distort Xuyên tạc The media's biased reporting can distort public perception of certain
events.
Combat Chiến đấu The legal team was ready to combat any challenges in court.
Resign Từ chức The CEO chose to resign from his position following the company's
financial losses.
Morality Đạo đức The ethics committee discusses the morality of certain business
practices.
Globalisation Toàn cầu hóa The process of globalisation has led to increased interconnectedness
between countries.
Transparency Tính minh The government is committed to promoting transparency and

bạch accountability in its operations.
Alignment Sự căn chỉnh The team worked in alignment with the company's strategic goals.
Perspective Quan điểm The manager encouraged his team to look at the problem from a
different perspective.
Eroded Xói mòn The scandal eroded public trust in the company.
Morality Đạo đức Philosophers often debate the morality of certain actions and their
ethical implications.
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Challenging Thách thức The project presented several challenging obstacles that required
creative solutions.
Heightened Tăng cao : The recent events have heightened concerns about security.
Encompass Bao gồm The report will encompass all aspects of the project's progress.
Realignment Sự điều chỉnh The company is going through a realignment of its business strategy.
lại
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CAMBRIDGE 13
Reading test 1
PASSAGE 1
Inhabitants Cư dân "The study examined the socio-economic

well-being of the inhabitants in the region to
gain insights into their living conditions and
quality of life."
Gross domestic Sản phẩm trong nước "The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) serves
product as a critical indicator of a country's
economic performance, encompassing the
total value of all goods and services
produced within its borders during a
specific period."
Sector Lĩnh vực "The study focused on analyzing the trends

and challenges within the manufacturing
sector to identify opportunities for
sustainable growth and innovation."
Authentic Chính thống "Authenticity is a crucial aspect when

assessing the credibility and validity of data
in qualitative research studies."
Gateway Cổng vào "The newly established logistics hub serves

as a gateway, facilitating trade and
transportation between the two major
economic regions."
Presence Hiện diện "The presence of various variables in the

experiment significantly impacted the
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research outcomes."
Evaluation Đánh giá "The comprehensive evaluation of the

proposed model's performance showcased
its efficacy in addressing the inherent
complexities of the problem."
Backdrop Phồng nền "The historical backdrop of the study

provides essential context for understanding
the societal factors that influenced the
development of the cultural phenomenon
under investigation."
Customised Tuỳ chỉnh "The historical backdrop of the study

provides essential context for understanding
the societal factors that influenced the
development of the cultural phenomenon
under investigation."
Itineraries Lịch trình "The researchers collected and analyzed

travel itineraries from a diverse sample of
tourists to gain insights into their preferred
destinations, temporal patterns, and activity
distributions during their trips."
Tourist- Tạo ra lượng khách du "The study examined the tourist-generating

generating lịch countries' socio-economic indicators and
travel behavior to identify the key factors
influencing their outbound tourism trends."
Exhilarating Mạo hiểm "The participants reported an exhilarating

experience during the adventure-based
outdoor activity, highlighting the positive
impact of such experiences on their well-
being and overall satisfaction."
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Scheme Kế hoạch "The government's renewable energy
scheme successfully incentivized businesses
to adopt sustainable practices, leading to a
significant reduction in carbon emissions
and promoting environmental stewardship."
Catalogued Liệt kê "The researchers meticulously catalogued

and organized the archaeological artifacts,
enabling a systematic analysis of the
historical patterns and cultural
developments of the ancient civilization."
Accommodation Chỗ ở "The study investigated the impact of

various accommodation options on tourists'
overall travel experiences, examining
factors such as comfort, accessibility, and
amenities to identify key determinants of
customer satisfaction."
Innovative Đổi mới "The innovative approach proposed in this

research leverages advanced machine
learning algorithms to optimize resource
allocation and enhance the efficiency of the
transportation network."
Satisfied Hài lòng "The survey results indicated that the

majority of customers were highly satisfied
with the service quality, reflecting the
positive influence of customer-centric
strategies on business performance."
Marae Nơi họp của dân tộc "The marae, a central gathering place in
Maori Māori culture, plays a significant role in
fostering community cohesion, cultural
preservation, and the transmission of
traditional knowledge and practices across
generations."
Perception Nhận thức, tri giác "The study explored the influence of media
representations on public perception of
climate change, highlighting the role of
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framing and messaging in shaping attitudes
and beliefs towards environmental issues."
Infrastructure Cơ sở hạ tầng "The government's investment in

modernizing the transportation
infrastructure resulted in improved
connectivity, reduced travel times, and
increased economic opportunities for both
urban and rural communities."
Comprehensive Toàn diện "The comprehensive literature review

examined various theoretical frameworks
and empirical studies to provide a
comprehensive understanding of the factors
influencing consumer behavior in the
context of sustainable fashion."
Reliability Độ tin cậy "The reliability of the experimental results

was confirmed through rigorous statistical
analysis, demonstrating the consistency and
accuracy of the measurements obtained in
multiple trials."
Effectiveness Hiệu quả "The effectiveness of the educational

intervention was assessed through pre- and
post-test evaluations, revealing significant
improvements in students' learning
outcomes and knowledge retention."
PASSAGE 2
112
Emotion Cảm xúc In the field of psychology, researchers are
studying the role of emotion in decision-
making processes.
Predict Dự đoán Economists use statistical models to predict

future trends in the stock market
Agreeement Sự đồng ý, thỏa thuận In the study, the researchers reached an

agreement on the methodology to be used
for data analysis.
Depression Trầm cảm In the study, the researchers reached an

for data analysis.
Distinct Riêng biệt, khác biệt In the study, the researchers reached an
for data analysis.
Low-energy Mức năng lượng thấp In physics, low-energy particles are being
used to study the behavior of subatomic
particles.
Flat Phẳng, không có biến The data analysis showed a flat trend in the
động sales figures for the past quarter.
Agitated Lo âu, bồn chồn The participants in the social psychology

experiment exhibited agitated behavior
during the group discussion.
Feel Cảm nhận, cảm thấy In the survey, participants were asked to rate
how they feel about the new educational
policy.
Defining Định nghĩa

The researchers are currently working on
defining the criteria for the classification of
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different species in the biological study.
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Calibrating Điều chỉnh, định mức

In the field of chemistry, scientists are
calibrating the laboratory instruments to
ensure accurate measurements.
Intriguingly Hấp dẫn, lôi cuốn The study's results, intriguingly, showed a
positive correlation between sleep quality
and cognitive performance.
Proneness Xu hướng, xu thế The research indicates that individuals with

a genetic predisposition to obesity have a
higher proneness to develop related health
conditions.
Detrimental Có hại, tổn hại The use of pesticides in agriculture has been
found to have detrimental effects on the
environment and biodiversity.
Motivate Motivate The study explored different strategies to

motivate employees and increase their
productivity in the workplace.
Engaged Tham gia, tham dự The participants in the focus group

discussion were actively engaged in sharing
their opinions and experiences.
Alleviate Làm giảm bớt, làm nhẹ Researchers are working on developing new
đi therapies to alleviate the symptoms of
chronic pain in patients.
Frustration Sự nản lòng, sự thất In the educational context, the teacher

vọng addressed the students' frustration with a
difficult math problem by providing
additional explanations.
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Toxic Độc hại The research study examined the toxic
effects of heavy metals on aquatic
organisms in polluted waters.
Personality traits Đặc điểm tính cách The research study examined the toxic
effects of heavy metals on aquatic
organisms in polluted waters.
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Speculates Suy đoán, phỏng đoán In the field of astrophysics, scientists

speculate about the existence of dark matter
based on observed gravitational effects.
Fester Mục nát, thối rữa The unresolved conflict within the research
team began to fester, leading to a decrease
in productivity and collaboration.
Inability Sự không có khả năng The study examined the factors contributing
to the inability of certain plant species to
adapt to changing climate conditions.
indifference Sự thờ ơ, sự lãnh đạm The researchers observed the behavior of

children with autism spectrum disorder and
noted their apparent indifference to social
cues.
Inability Sự không có khả năng The study explored the impact of chronic
illness on patients' emotional well-being,
including feelings of apathy and disinterest.
Apathy Sự lãnh đạm, sự thờ ơ The study explored the impact of chronic
illness on patients' emotional well-being,
including feelings of apathy and disinterest.
Overstimulation Kích thích quá mức The research investigated the effects of
overstimulation on cognitive performance in
children with attention deficit hyperactivity
disorder.
Agitated Lo âu, bồn chồn During the experiment, the participants'

physiological responses indicated they were
feeling agitated while completing the
stressful task.
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Prone Dễ bị, có xu hướng The study identified certain genetic markers
associated with being prone to developing
certain types of allergies.
arousal Kích thích The research measured the level of

physiological arousal in response to
different emotional stimuli to assess
emotional reactivity.
PASSAGE 3
Possess Sở hữu The robot possesses the ability to perform

various tasks autonomously
Tool Công cụ The software serves as a powerful tool for

data analysis.
Minimal Tối thiểu The system requires only minimal input

from the user to generate results.
Standard Tiêu chuẩn The researchers established a set of standard

procedures for conducting the experiment
Glitch Sự cố The software glitch resulted in inaccurate

calculations.
Original Độc đáo The artist's original paintings were highly

praised by art critics.
Prospect Triển vọng Researchers are excited about the prospect

of artificial intelligence in various fields.
Complex Phức tạp The intricate algorithm allows the computer

to solve complex problems.
Objective Khách quan The study aimed to provide an objective

assessment of the data.
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Speculation Sự suy đoán There is much speculation about the
potential impact of technology on the job
market
Sophisticated Tinh vi The advanced AI system can perform

sophisticated tasks with high accuracy.
Impulse Xúc cảm The artist followed his creative impulses

and experimented with various techniques.
Controversy Tranh cãi The new scientific discovery sparked

controversy among researchers. Translation
Perception Cảm nhận Cultural differences can influence people's

perception of art and beauty.
Subtle Tinh tế The painting exhibited a subtle play of light

and shadows.
Essence Bản chất The essence of the novel lies in its powerful
storytelling.
Irresistible Không thể cưỡng lại The captivating melody had an irresistible
charm on the audience.
Inspiration Cảm hứng The artist sought inspiration from nature

and its beauty
Meaningful Ý nghĩa The artwork conveyed a profound and

meaningful message about social issues.
Exploration Sự khám phá The viewer's exploration of the painting's

hidden symbols added depth to their
understanding.
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Enraptured Hấp dẫn,quyến rũ The audience was

enraptured by the
breathtaking performance of
the symphony
Condemn Lên án Critics have condemned the

author's latest book as
lacking originality
Reckon Đoán,ước lượng Some scientists reckon that

extraterrestrial life might
exist in the universe.
Caledonian Đại học Caledonian The Caledonian University

is known for its excellent
research programs.
Speculation Sự suy đoán The speculation surrounding

the new discovery led to
intense media coverage.
Intricate Phức tạp The intricate design of the

building showcases the
architect's talent.
Complexity Tính phức tạp The complexity of the

problem required a
multidisciplinary approach.
Objective Khách quan The researcher remained

objective in analyzing the
data without bias.
Captivating Quyến rũ The captivating storytelling

kept the audience engaged
throughout the play.
Proclaim Tuyên bố,khẳng định. The artist's work proclaims a

powerful message about
environmental conservation.
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Reading test 2
PASSAGE 1
Fragrant Thơm The flowers in the garden were fragrant

filling the air with a sweet scent.
Primary Chính The primary function of this machine is to

mix ingredients.
Ancient Cổ Archaeologists discovered ancient artifacts

in the desert.
Mentioned Đề cập He mentioned his travel plans during the

meeting
Wealth Sự giàu có The businessman accumulated great wealth

through his successful ventures.
Spice Gia vị The chef added a pinch of spice to enhance

the flavor of the dish.
Ailments Bệnh tật Traditional medicine offers remedies for

various ailments.
Elite Cao cấp) The exclusive club only accepts elite

members.
Consumption Tiêu thụ The consumption of sugary drinks has

increased significantly.
Potential Tiềm năng The young artist showed great potential in

her paintings.
Native Bản địa The red fox is a native species to this

region.
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Impressive Gây ấn tượng The performance of the acrobats was truly
impressive.
Monopoly Độc quyền The company held a monopoly on the

production of this rare metal.
Harshly Mạnh mẽ The ruler treated dissenters harshly

punishing them severely.
Supplemented Bổ sung The ruler treated dissenters harshly

punishing them severely.
Displacing Thay thế The new shopping mall is displacing small

local businesses.
Cultivating Canh tác The farmer spent hours cultivating the soil
for the new crop.
Diminishing Giảm đi The resources of the planet are diminishing

rapidly.
Expelled Đuổi ra The troublemaker was expelled from

school due to his behavior
Economic Kinh tế The economic growth of the country has

been steady this year.
Anointing Xức dầu thánh The ritual involved anointing the newborn
baby with holy oil.
Exorbitantly Vô cùng The luxury brand priced their products

exorbitantly making them unaffordable for
most people.
Spurred Kích thích The success of the project spurred further

investment.
Displacement Sự di chuyển The construction of the new highway led to

the displacement of several families.
Alliances Liên minh The two countries formed alliances to

strengthen their military power.
Superseded Thế chỗ The outdated technology was superseded

by more advanced innovations.
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Potential Tiềm năng The young athlete showed great potential
to become a world champion.
Desirable Đáng khao khát The location of the new house is highly
desirable due to its proximity to schools
and parks
Appetite Sự thèm ăn After the long hike they had a huge

appetite and devoured the meal.
Eventually Cuối cùng Despite initial setbacks they eventually

completed the project successfully.
PASSAGE 2
 Từ vựng cấp độ B2:
Chemical Hóa chất Oxytocin is a chemical produced in the

brain.
Influence Ảnh hưởng The book had a profound influence on her

thinking.
Reinforce Củng cố Positive feedback can reinforce good

behavior.
Positive Tích cực The team had a positive attitude despite the
challenges.
Reputation Danh tiếng The restaurant has a good reputation for its
delicious food.
Impact Tác động The decision will have a significant impact

on the company's future.
Optimistic Lạc quan She is optimistic about the outcome of the

project.
Sniff Hít mũi He took a sniff of the flower's fragrance.
Empathetic Đồng cảm She was empathetic towards her friend's

struggles.
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Anointing Xức dầu thánh The ritual involved anointing the newborn
baby with holy oil.
Exorbitantly Vô cùng The luxury brand priced their products

exorbitantly making them unaffordable for
most people.
Spurred Kích thích The success of the project spurred further

investment.
Displacement Sự di chuyển The construction of the new highway led to

the displacement of several families.
Alliances Liên minh The two countries formed alliances to

strengthen their military power.
Superseded Thế chỗ The outdated technology was superseded by

more advanced innovations.
Potential Tiềm năng The young athlete showed great potential to

become a world champion.
Desirable Đáng khao khát The location of the new house is highly
desirable due to its proximity to schools and
parks
Appetite Sự thèm ăn After the long hike they had a huge appetite
and devoured the meal.
Eventually Cuối cùng Despite initial setbacks they eventually

completed the project successfully.
Circumstances Tình huống The outcome depends on the circumstances
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of the situation.
 Từ vựng cấp độ C1:
Groundbreaking Đột phá The research was a groundbreaking

discovery in the field of medicine.
Constructively Xây dựng They discussed the issue constructively,

seeking a solution.
Disposition Tính khí Her cheerful disposition brightened

everyone's day.
Administration Quản lý The administration of the company made

strategic decisions.
Cooperation Sự hợp tác Teamwork and cooperation are essential for

success.
Favouritism Khuyến khích The coach showed favouritism towards

certain players.
Propelling Thúc đẩy The new evidence is propelling the

investigation forward.
Hypotheses Giả thuyết The scientists formulated several hypotheses

to test their theories.
Attuned Đồng cảm She is attuned to her surroundings and can

pick up on subtle changes.
Sensitivity Nhạy cảm His sensitivity to criticism made him

defensive.
**Từ vựng cấp độ C2:
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Perplexing Gây khó hiểu The results of the experiment were
perplexing and required further
investigation.
Evolutionary Tiến hóa Understanding the evolutionary process

helps explain certain behaviors.
Co-opted Tận dụng The term was co-opted from another field
and given a new meaning
Manifest Biểu hiện His passion for art manifested in his

beautiful paintings.
Individual Sự khác biệt cá nhân The study looked at individual differences in

differences learning styles.
Context Bối cảnh The meaning of a word can change

depending on the context.
Higher-order Tư duy cao cấp Problem-solving requires higher-order

thinking thinking skills.
Attitude - Thái độ Her positive attitude towards challenges is

commendable.
Fragrance Hương thơm The room was filled with the fragrance of
fresh flowers.
Amygdala Hạch hạnh nhân The amygdala plays a crucial role in

processing emotions.
PASSAGE 3
Recognize Nhận ra Managers often fail to recognize the less

obvious trends
Aspirations Khát vọng Understanding consumers' aspirations is

crucial for market research
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Adopt Áp dụng Ignoring trends can mean missed profit
opportunities.
Profit Lợi nhuận His passion for art manifested in his

beautiful paintings.
Transform Thay đổi Embracing trends can transform an industry
Purpose The purpose of this The purpose of this article is to provide

article is to provide advice on trends
advice on trends
Response Phản hồi Managers need to respond to changing

trends
Avert Ngăn chặn Coach averted an across-the-board price cut
Renewal Đổi mới Innovation and renewal are essential for

businesses.
Streak Vệt Tesco infused its value proposition with a

green streak
Spur Thúc đẩy The article aims to spur managers to think

more expansively.
Engender Tạo ra Trends can engender new value propositions

in core markets
Tangible Thực tế Tesco involves consumers in ways that
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produce tangible results.
Incorporate Kết hợp Nike incorporated elements of the digital

revolution.
Reputation Uy tín Nike integrated the digital revolution into

its reputation.
Counteract Chống lại ME2 counteracted some of the negative

impacts of gaming devices.
Perception Nhận thức Trends affect how people perceive the

world around them.
Disparity Sự chênh lệch Innovations may need to transcend the

category to integrate the two worlds.
Core values Giá trị cốt lõi Firms can reaffirm the core values of their
category.
Opportunities Cơ hội Trends present firms with unique

opportunities for growth.
Conducting Tiến hành The researchers were conducting research

in various industries.
Strategy Chiến lược Nike's strategy of integrating the digital

revolution was successful.
Profound Sâu sắc Managers fail to recognize the profound

ways trends influence consumers.
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Augment Bổ sung Infuse and augment strategy can add new
attributes to existing products.
Novel Mới lạ Combine and transcend strategy creates a

novel experience.
Engagement Sự tương tác Nike moved to a new plane of engagement

with its customers.
Counteracted Chống lại ME2 video game counteracted negative

impacts of digital gaming.
Transcend Vượt qua Innovations may need to transcend the

category to integrate the two worlds.
Disparity Sự chênh lệch The analysis revealed a disparity between

the category and consumer focus.
Reaffirming Tái khẳng định The ME2 reaffirmed the traditional values
of children's play.
Reading test 3
PASSAGE 1
Exotic Lạ lẫm Coconuts have always been exotic in the

western world.
Timber Gỗ xây dựng The coconut palm is an important source of

timber.
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Stripped Lột bỏ The coconut palm is an important source of
timber.
Dense Dày đặc The fibrous middle layer of the coconut

fruit is dense.
Ropes Dây cáp Coir from coconut fibre is used in

manufacturing ropes.
Shells Vỏ Coconut shells are used as bowls in many

parts of Asia.
Brilliant Sáng chói The coconut flesh is a brilliant white color.
Derivative Dẫn xuất Glycerine is a derivative of coconut fat.
Maritime Hải dương Coconuts are great maritime voyagers of the

plant world.
Indigenous Bản địa There is no evidence that coconuts are

indigenous to America.
Endangered Nguy cơ tuyệt chủng The coconut trunk is used as a replacement

for endangered hardwoods.
Sap Nước cây The flower stems may be tapped for their
sap to produce a drink.
Consumed Uống Coconut water is enjoyed as a refreshing

drink.
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Solidifies Đông cứng The coconut water gradually solidifies to
form edible flesh.
Germinate Nảy mầm Coconut seeds can germinate and root in

sandy environments.
Glare Ánh sáng chói Coconut seeds are exposed to the full glare
of the tropical sun.
Diversity Đa dạng There is a large degree of coconut diversity

in Asia.
Migrated Di cư Coconuts were likely moved from Asia to

Africa by traders and sailors.

Dispersed Phân tán Coconuts are believed to have originated on

coral islands and dispersed from there.
Central Trung tâm Coconuts have been central to the lives of

Polynesian and Asian peoples.
Voyagers Nhà du hành Coconuts are great maritime voyagers and

coastal colonizers.
Viability Tính khả thi Coconut seeds can remain viable for about
110 days at sea.
Diametrically Tuyệt đối Two diametrically opposed origins of

coconuts have been proposed.
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Intriguing Lôi cuốn The suggestion that coconuts originated on

coral islands is intriguing.
Academic Học thuật There have been centuries of academic

debate over the origins of coconuts.
Diversity Đa dạng There is a large degree of coconut diversity

in Asia.
Correlation Mối liên hệ There is a correlation between coconut

seeds and the fibrous fruit wall
Dispersed Phân tán Coconuts are believed to have originated

on coral islands and dispersed from there.
PASSAGE 2
Exaggerated Phóng đại The typical way of talking to a baby is high-

pitched, exaggerated,and repetitious.
Prioritize Ưu tiên Babies raised in bilingual homes are better at

learning how to mentally prioritize
information.
Influence Ảnh hưởng Infant-directed speech influences a baby's

development.
Benefits Lợi ích Early language exposure seems to have
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benefits to the brain
Explore Khám phá Some recent studies explore the science

behind baby talk.
Impact Tác động Baby talk impacts on learning.
Studies Nghiên cứu Here are some recent studies that explore the
science behind baby talk.
Infants Trẻ sơ sinh Studies suggest that infants are listening to

adult speech early on.
Gathering Tập hợp Infants gather the basic building blocks of

their family's native tongue.
Native Bản ngữ Infants gather the basic building blocks of

their family's native tongue.
Interaction Tương tác The study analyzed the way parents

interacted with their youngsters during a
normal day.
Equipped Trang bị Researchers equipped parents with recording

devices to study their interactions.
Prioritize Ưu tiên Babies raised in bilingual homes are better at

learning how to mentally prioritize
information.
Dramatically Đáng kể Frequent baby talk had dramatically boosted
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vocabulary in the babies.
Context Bối cảnh The study found that one-on-one context

matters in baby talk.
Induced Gây ra Baby noises induced more reactions in the

listening infants.
Attraction Sức hấp dẫn Babies showed attraction to other infant

sounds.
Speculating Giả thuyết Researchers are speculating about why

babies are attracted to infant sounds.
Approximates Xấp xỉ Reactions in the listening infants, like

smiling or lip moving, approximated sound
making.
Native Ngoại lai The older infants worked harder at the motor
activations of non-native sounds.
Linguists Nhà ngôn ngữ học Baby talk is a source of fascination for
linguists.
Provoke Kích thích Baby talk may provoke babies to start

practicing their language skills.
Scanner Máy quét Infants were placed in a brain-activation

scanner to record activity.
Prompt Khơi gợi Baby talk prompts infant brains to start

practicing language skills.
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Engaged Tham gia The baby brain is engaged in trying to talk
back.
Uncovered Khám phá The study may have uncovered a process by

which babies recognize differences between
languages.
Guide Hướng dẫn The brain region known to guide the motor
movements that produce speech.
Responded Đáp lại The seven-month-olds responded to all

speech sounds regardless of language
Recognize Nhận biết The study may have uncovered a process by

which babies recognize differences between
languages.
Unusual Không bình thường In the western world, coconuts have always
been exotic and unusual.
PASSAGE 3
Flourished Thịnh vượng The Harappan Civilisation flourished 5,000

years ago.
Sophisticated Tinh vi The Harappan Civilisation was a

sophisticated Bronze Age society.
Megacities phố siêu lớn The Harappan Civilisation built 'megacities'

during its peak.
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Traded Giao dịch They traded internationally in luxury craft
products.
Depictions Hình dung The Harappan Civilisation left almost no

depictions of themselves.
Self-imagery Tự hình dung Their lack of self-imagery is part of the

mystery.
Carving Chạm khắc At the time, the Egyptians were carving

representations of themselves.
Temples Đền thờ Egyptians were carving representations of

themselves all over their temples.
Civilisation Nền văn minh The Harappan Civilisation was a thriving

civilisation.
Mystery Bí ẩn The lack of depictions is only part of the

mystery.
Archaeological Khảo cổ học There is plenty of archaeological evidence

about the rise of the Harappan Civilisation.
Transformation Biến đổi Around 2100 BC, a transformation began in

the Harappan Civilisation.
Decline Suy giảm The decline of the civilisation had multiple

possible causes.
Inhabited Cư trú Understanding the way the region was
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inhabited in the past is crucial.
Geographic Địa lý They found inaccuracies in the published

geographic locations of ancient settlements.
Fundamentally Cơ bản Using existing data was likely to be

fundamentally flawed.
Season Mùa They carried out new surveys over several

seasons of fieldwork.
Definitive Rõ ràng The research provided the first definitive

evidence for climate change.
Climate Khí hậu Climate change affected the plains of north-

western India.
Recovery Phục hồi The climate eventually recovered to the

previous conditions.
Civilisations Nền văn minh Other great Bronze Age civilisations also
declined around the same time.
Global-scale Quy mô toàn cầu A global-scale climate event was seen as

the cause of the decline.
Local-scale Quy mô địa phương It is possible that these local-scale

processes were linked to the decline.
Archaeological Khảo cổ học Archaeologists are examining records to

understand how people lived in the past.
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Cultivated Canh tác They are analyzing grains cultivated at the
time.
Extreme Tận cùng They are working out if crops were grown
under extreme conditions.
Weather Thời tiết The population adjusted crop combinations

for different weather systems.
Distinctive Đặc trưng They are looking at whether pottery was

distinctive to specific regions.
Interactive Tương tác They are studying the types of interactive

networks in the population.
Engage Tương tác Archaeologists can engage with the public

and government bodies.
Reading test 4
PASSAGE 1
Technological Công nghệ The nineteenth century saw great

technological development in Britain.
Steam Hơi nước The major changes in shipping were from

wind to steam power.
Iron Sắt The major changes were from wood to iron

and steel. Sắt
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Display Trưng bày Cutty Sark is now on display in Greenwich.
Trưng bày
Figurehead Thần tiên tà Cutty Sark's figurehead is a carving of a

woman.
Competitor Đối thủ The ship was finished by a competitor

shipbuilding firm
Rudder Bánh lái Cutty Sark's rudder was severely damaged in

stormy seas.
Impact Tác động The opening of the Suez Canal had a serious
impact on clippers.
Prestigious Uy tín Cutty Sark later took on the less prestigious

work of carrying cargo.
Journey Hành trình One journey took just under 12 weeks,

beating other ships. Hành trình
Dominate Thống trị Clippers dominated world trade in the 1840s.
Intact Nguyên vẹn Only Cutty Sark has survived more or less
intact.
Inhabited Cư trú Understanding the region's inhabited past is

crucial.
Contract Hợp đồng Willis had a strong position due to the

contract with the shipbuilding firm.
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Steamship Tàu hơi nước Steam ships posed a growing threat to
clippers.
Journey Time Thời gian hành trình Steam ships reduced the journey time
between Britain and China.
Compete Cạnh tranh Cutty Sark competed with steam ships in the
wool trade.
Navigator Thuyền trưởng Richard Woodget was an excellent

navigator.
Gamble Rủi ro Woodget took a gamble by sailing

dangerously close to icebergs.
Life Expectancy Tuổi thọ Cutty Sark approached the end of her life
expectancy.
Speed Tốc độ Cutty Sark was designed to make the

journey more quickly than any other ship.
Impact Tác động The Suez Canal had a serious impact on

clippers.
Profitable Lợi nhuận The Suez Canal had a serious impact on

clippers.
High Price Giá cao The Suez Canal had a serious impact on
clippers.
Restoration Phục hồi The ship had her original name restored.
Training Ship Tàu huấn luyện Cutty Sark was used as a training ship.
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Public Display Trưng bày công cộng Cutty Sark was used as a training ship.
Visitors Khách thăm quan Cutty Sark was used as a training ship.
Repairs Sửa chữa She was put into Falmouth harbor for
repairs after being damaged in a gale.
Fire Cháy The ship suffered from fire in 2007 and

2014.
PASSAGE 2
Technological Công nghệ The nineteenth century saw great

technological development in Britain.
Steam Hơi nước The major changes in shipping were from

wind to steam power.
Iron Sắt The major changes were from wood to iron

and steel. Sắt
Display Trưng bày Cutty Sark is now on display in Greenwich.

Trưng bày
Figurehead Thần tiên tà Cutty Sark's figurehead is a carving of a

woman.
Competitor Đối thủ The ship was finished by a competitor

shipbuilding firm
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Rudder Bánh lái Cutty Sark's rudder was severely damaged in
stormy seas.
Impact Tác động The opening of the Suez Canal had a serious
impact on clippers.
Prestigious Uy tín Cutty Sark later took on the less prestigious

work of carrying cargo.
Journey Hành trình One journey took just under 12 weeks,

beating other ships. Hành trình
Importance Tầm quan trọng Our understanding of soil's importance to

humans has grown.
Decomposing Phân hủy Microorganisms live amid decomposing

plants and various minerals in healthy soil.
Antibiotics Kháng sinh Soils are the source of nearly all our
existing antibiotics.
Antibiotic- Kháng kháng sinh Soil could be our best hope in the fight
resistant against antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
Degradation Hao mòn Soil scientists have been warning about the
degradation of the world's soil.
Fertile Màu mỡ Over time, soil becomes less fertile due to

agriculture practices.
Indiscriminate Vô định Indiscriminate use of fertilizers hurts the

soil and degrades it.
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Flushed away Xả đi Excess fertilizer is often washed away with
the rain, polluting rivers.
Nourish Nuôi dưỡng Chemical fertilizers degrade the soil they

are supposed to nourish.
Diversity Đa dạng Defining which areas to conserve, areas

with the greatest soil diversity or unspoilt
soils, is challenging.
Recovery Phục hồi If the soil loses its special microorganisms,

it may take thousands of years to recover.
Global scale Quy mô toàn cầu We need to assess our options on a global
scale to solve the soil degradation problem.
Unify Thống nhất The UN has created the Global Soil Map
project to unify soil classification
approaches.
Real-time data Dữ liệu thời gian thực The project aims to provide real-time data
on the state of the soil.
Brink Bờ vực For soils on the brink of degradation,

protected zones are proposed.
Benchmark Tiêu chuẩn Some suggest preserving areas of unspoilt

soils as a future benchmark of quality.
Carbon neutrality Tích lũy không đất giảm Zero net land degradation is an easily
understood goal, like carbon neutrality.
143
Encourage Khuyến khích Setting goals like zero net land degradation
can encourage action.
Agitate Cố tình Several researchers are agitating for the

creation of protected zones for endangered
soils.
Immediate Ngay lập tức Researchers suggest the immediate

creation of protected zones for endangered
soils.
PASSAGE 3
Ultimate Tối cao Happiness is the ultimate goal because it is

self-evidently good.
Advocate Người ủng hộ Richard Layard is an advocate of positive

psychology.
Self-evidently Hiển nhiên Happiness matters self-evidently.
Crude Tồi tàn The thinking about promoting collective

well-being is an astonishingly crude and
simple-minded way.
Oblivious Không nhận thức Those who think in this way are oblivious to
the vast philosophical literature.
Inquiry Câu hỏi The view that happiness is the only self-
evident good limits moral inquiry.
144
Reconcile Hòa hợ Thinkers have struggled to reconcile the
pursuit of happiness with other human
values.
Framework Khung The book places the cult of happiness in a

well-defined historical framework.
Virtues Ưu việt One of the virtues of the book is that it

places the current cult of happiness in a
historical framework.
Adopted Áp dụng His celebrated design for a prison, the

Panopticon, was very nearly adopted.
Collective The purpose of The purpose of government is to promote a

government is to state of collective well-being.
promote a state of
collective well-being.
Metaphysics Vật lý học tâm thần Bentham rejected metaphysics or fiction

when considering human happiness.
Conviction Sự tin tưởng Advocates of positive psychology are

illiterate in the history of ideas due to
education and intellectual conviction.
Rejecting Từ chối Advocates of positive psychology reject

pretty much the entirety of ethical reflection
on human happiness.
Supposed Cho là Positive psychology is a supposed science

that identifies what makes people happy.
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Framework Khung The book places the current cult of happiness
in a well-defined historical framework.
Promoting Khuyến khích The idea that governments should promote

happiness is a threat to human freedom.
Tendency Khuynh hướng The tendency of thinkers like J B Watson

was that human beings could be shaped or
manipulated by policymakers.
Founder Người sáng lập J B Watson was the founder of behaviorism.
Confined Hạn chế Watson's research had been confined to

experiments on white rats.
Philosopher Triết gia Jeremy Bentham was a philosopher

responsible for the development of the idea
that the human good consists of pleasure and
the absence of pain.
Integral Rất quan trọn) The project of a science of happiness has

become integral to capitalism.
Entangling Làm rối Bentham set the stage for the entangling of
psychological research and capitalism.
Maladies Bệnh Economic problems are being redefined and

treated as psychological maladies.
Factual basis Cơ sở thực tế J B Watson had no factual basis for his view
of human action.
146
Reductive Rút gọn Watson's reductive model is now widely
applied.
Encouraged Khuyến khích The Behavior Insights Team studies how

people can be encouraged to live in socially
desirable ways.
Motivate Thúc đẩy Modern industrial societies need the

possibility of ever-increasing happiness to
motivate them in their labours.
Intellectual Nguồn gốc tri thức Whatever its intellectual pedigree, the idea of
pedigree promoting happiness is a threat to human
freedom.
Responsbile Trách nhiệm The idea that governments should be

responsible for promoting happiness is a
threat to human freedom.
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CAMBRIDGE 14
Reading test 1
PASSAGE 1
Building Xây dựng Alice is building a magical kingdom.
Enchanting Quyến rũ, mê hồn She's creating an enchanting world.
Capacity Năng lực Her fantasy is helping her take her first
steps towards her capacity for creativity.
Emotions Cảm xúc Alice is practicing how to regulate her

emotions through pretence.
Rules Quy tắc Later on, they settle down with a board
game, learning about the need to follow
rules.
Adaptable Linh hoạt Play is crucial to our success as a highly

adaptable species.
Virtues Đức hạnh, phẩm chất Plato extolled the virtues of play as a means
tốt of developing skills.
Scarce Hiếm Opportunities for free play are becoming

increasingly scarce.
Decline Sụt giảm There is a worldwide decline in play.
Puzzle Bài toán, câu đố Some steps in the puzzle of how play is
important have been looked at.
148
Practising Luyện tập When she bosses her brother around, she's
practising how to regulate her emotions
Implications Hậu quả, tác động International bodies consider implications

for leisure facilities and educational
programmes.
Initiating Bắt đầu, khởi đầu The type of play we are interested in is child
initiated and spontaneous.
Facilitate Tạo điều kiện, hỗ trợ Playful experiences facilitate children's self
control development.
Indicator Chỉ số, dấu hiệu Playful behavior is an important indicator of

healthy development.
Stimulus Kích thích A playful stimulus was more effective for

supporting children's writing.
Controversy Tranh cãi Teaching young children is now a hotly

debated topic.
Contributions Đóng góp Let's not lose sight of the contributions play
makes to human achievements.
Clues Manh mối Observing children at play can give us

important clues about their well being.
Vietnamese: Manh mối
Diagnosis Chẩn đoán : Play can even be useful in the diagnosis of

neurodevelopmental disorders.
149
Extolled Khen ngợi, ca tụng Plato extolled the virtues of play in

developing skills for adult life.
Mindful Chú ý, lưu tâm Dr. Whitebread is mindful of the worldwide

decline in play.
Intellectual Trí tuệ, trí óc Play underpins how we develop as

intellectual, problem solving adults.
Landscape Cảnh quan, bối cảnh The educational landscape is very different
now.
Hotly Gay gắt, sôi động Topics like school starting age are hotly
debated.
Trivial Tầm thường, không Play is regarded as something trivial in

quan trọng recent decades.
Contrast Đối lập Play is seen as something negative that

contrasts with work.
Fundamental Cơ bản, căn bản Let's not lose sight of the fundamental
contributions of play.
Crucial Quan trọng, then chốt Play is crucial to our success as a species.
Rich Phong phú, giàu có Let's make sure children have a rich diet of
play experiences.
150
PASSAGE 2
Urban Đô thị The original idea for an urban bike sharing

scheme dates back to 1965.
Perceived Cảm nhận, nhận thức The Witte Fietsenplan was an answer to the
perceived threats of air pollution.
Activists Nhà hoạt động, người Provo was a group of Dutch activists who
hoạt động chính trị wanted to change society.
Leaflets Tờ rơi, tờ thông tin Provo distributed leaflets describing the

dangers of cars and inviting people to use
the white bikes.
Left Để lại The bikes were then left unlocked at various

locations around the city.
Ground Khởi đầu, thành công The scheme struggled to get off the ground
due to opposition from the police.
Serious Nghiêm túc, nghiêm Things got more serious when Luud
trọng Schimmelpennink became a member of the
Amsterdam city council.
Opportunities Cơ hội, cơ đồ Schimmelpennink never stopped believing

in bike sharing and saw opportunities to
implement it in other cities.
Succeeded Thành công, đạt được Schimmelpennink succeeded in arousing

the interest of the Dutch Ministry of
Transport for the new Witte Fietsenplan.
151
Environmentally Môi trường, liên quan People had become more environmentally
đến môi trường conscious, leading to the launch of the new
bike sharing plan.
Elaborate Tỉ mỉ, phức tạp Schimmelpennink presented a more

elaborate Witte Fietsenplan to the city
council.
Municipality Đô thị, chính quyền địa The municipality of Amsterdam rejected the
phương plan initially.
Unanimously Nhất trí, đồng lòng The council unanimously rejected the plan.
Possibility Khả năng, tiềm năng The success of the Danish experiment
proved that bike sharing was a real
possibility. Vietnamese: Khả năng, tiềm
năng
Launched Khởi đầu, triển khai A new Witte Fietsenplan was launched in
Amsterdam in 1999.
Designed Thiết kế Schimmelpennink designed conspicuous,

sturdy white bikes locked in special racks.
Prone Dễ bị, dễ mắc phải The bike sharing system was prone to
vandalism and theft.
Abolish Hủy bỏ, bãi bỏ Postbank decided to abolish the chip card
used for payment.
Decisive Quyết định, quyết định The success of the Parisian bike sharing
program was a decisive moment in the
152
số phận history of bike sharing.
Financially Về mặt tài chính, liên Schimmelpennink didn't benefit financially

quan đến tiền bạc from the success of bike sharing schemes.
Corporation Tổ chức, công ty JC Decaux, a French advertising

corporation, set up the bike sharing scheme
in Vienna.
Inspired Truyền cảm hứng, khơi : The success of the Parisian program
nguồn inspired cities worldwide to set up their own
schemes.
Dominated Thống trị, chiếm ưu thế Today, everybody longs for cities that are
not dominated by cars.
Benefit Hưởng lợi, có lợi Schimmelpennink didn't financially benefit

from the widespread adoption of his bike
sharing model.
Patent Bằng sáng chế Schimmelpennink never filed for a patent for
his bike sharing scheme.
Optimistic Lạc quan, đầy hy vọng Schimmelpennink is optimistic about the

future of bike sharing. Vietnamese: Lạc
quan, đầy hy vọng
Prone Dễ bị, dễ mắc phải The bike sharing system was prone to
vandalism and theft.
Abolish Hủy bỏ, bãi bỏ Postbank decided to abolish the chip card
used for payment.
153
Decisive Quyết định, quyết định The success of the Parisian bike sharing
số phận program was a decisive moment in the
history of bike sharing
Financially Về mặt tài chính, liên Schimmelpennink didn't benefit financially

quan đến tiền bạc from the success of bike sharing schemes.
PASSAGE 3
Superior Xuất sắc, vượt trội Developing and maintaining superior

performance from employees is critical for
hotel success.
Accomplished Hoàn thành, thực hiện How is superior performance accomplished

in hotels?
Practices Thực hành, phương Human Resource Management (HRM)

pháp practices play a crucial role in acquiring and
retaining great employees.
Emphasized Nhấn mạnh, nhấn chú Some workplaces emphasized fun and
trọng enjoyment as part of work life balance.
Extended Mở rộng, mở rộng ra The service sector, including hotels,

traditionally did not extend these practices to
address basic employee needs.
Recognition Sự công nhận, sự thừa Managers providing recognition to

nhận employees can increase their motivation to
stay with the company.
154
Obligated Bắt buộc, cảm thấy Employees who receive recognition may feel
nghĩa vụ more obligated to stay with the organization.
Motivate Khích lệ, thúc đẩy Managers who motivate employees to work
together can improve teamwork
Opportunity Cơ hội, dịp Given the opportunity, many people will

find something to complain about in their
workplace.
Link Liên kết, mối quan hệ There is a strong link between employee
perceptions and their working conditions.
Competitors Đối thủ, đối tác cạnh Organizations invest in HRM to acquire
tranh employees with better skills and capabilities
than their competitors.
Dominated Thống trị, chiếm ưu thế The hospitality industry has historically been
dominated by underdeveloped HR practices.
Underdeveloped Thiếu phát triển, không The hospitality industry has historically had
phát triển đầy đủ underdeveloped HR practices.
Constructive Xây dựng, tích cực HRM practices should foster constructive
relations with employees for their
development.
Retention Giữ lại, duy trì HRM practices that recognize and motivate
employees can improve employee retention.
Dichotomy Trái ngược, đối lập There has been a dichotomy between guest
experiences and working conditions in
155
luxury hotels.
Motivation Động cơ, khích lệ Understanding employee motivation is

crucial for hotel managers.
Perception Nhận thức, tri giác Employee perceptions of their work

environment affect job satisfaction.
Intrinsic Bên trong, nội tại : Intrinsic motivators, such as achievement

and recognition, can lead to job satisfaction.
Framing Định hình, xây dựng The framing of fun activities must align with
organizational goals and employee
characteristics.
Sophisticated Tinh vi, phức tạp Luxury hotels require a sophisticated

approach to HRM for high quality service.
Representation Đại diện, biểu tượng Hotel employees' services represent their
industry.
Alignment Canh chỉnh, điều chỉnh Fun activities must be carefully aligned with
organizational goals and employee
characteristics.
Delicate Tế nhị, tinh vi Managers must achieve the delicate balance

of allowing fun at work while ensuring high
performance.
Assisted Hỗ trợ, giúp đỡ Organizational actions can assist in

balancing work and family life for
employees.
156
Adequate Đầy đủ, đủ Providing adequate breaks during the
working day can improve employee
satisfaction.
Well-being Sức khỏe và sự an lành Providing health and well being

opportunities can benefit employees.
Reduction Sự giảm bớt, giảm nhẹ Fulfilling extrinsic motivation needs can
lead to the reduction of job dissatisfaction.
Proposes Đề xuất, đề nghị Herzberg proposes a balance of extrinsic and

intrinsic motivation needs for job
satisfaction.
Suggests Đề xuất, gợi ý The study suggests that fun activities can
positively impact performance and reduce
turnover.
Reading test 2
PASSAGE 1
Emigrated Di cư Alexander Henderson emigrated from

Scotland to Canada in 1855.
Extensive Rộng lớn, bao la The Henderson family had extensive

landholdings in Scotland
Farmland Đất nông nghiệp Press Estate was 650 acres of farmland in
Scotland.
157
Apprenticeship Học việc, học nghề Henderson began a three year
apprenticeship to become an accountant.
Emphasizes Nhấn mạnh, nhấn chú The text emphasizes the friendship between
trọng Henderson and William Notman.
Progress Tiến triển, tiến bộ Henderson's artistic and technical progress

was rapid in photography.
Collection Bộ sưu tập Henderson published his first major

collection of landscape photographs in
1865.
Publication Xuất bản phẩm, sách Henderson's first major publication was
báo called Canadian Views and Studies.
Circulation Sự lưu thông, sự phổ The publication had limited circulation with
biến only seven copies found.
Subjects Chủ đề, đối tượng Henderson's photographs depicted various

subjects, including city life and landscapes.
Cooperated Hợp tác, cộng tác Henderson cooperated with William

Notman on experiments with magnesium
flares.
Romantic Lãng mạn, quyến rũ Henderson's early career was characterized

by producing romantic images.
158
Specialize Chuyên môn hóa, From about 1870, Henderson dropped
chuyên về portraiture to specialize in landscape
photography.
Demand Nhu cầu, đòi hỏi There was sufficient demand for
Henderson's landscape photographs.
Techniques Kỹ thuật, kỹ năng Early amateur photography involved time

consuming techniques.
Competition Sự cạnh tranh There was little competing hobby or

amateur photography before the late 1880s.
Exhibited Triển lãm, trưng bày Henderson frequently exhibited his

photographs in various cities.
Commission Uỷ nhiệm, hợp đồng Henderson received commissions from

railways to photograph their structures.
Undertaking Nhiệm vụ, công việc The construction of the Intercolonial

Railway was a significant undertaking.
Progress Tiến trình, tiến độ Henderson documented the progress of

construction along the Canadian Pacific
Railway.
Administer Quản lý, điều hành Henderson was responsible for

administering the photographic department
of CPR.
Extensively Một cách rộng rãi, rộng Henderson photographed extensively along
159
khắp the railway line during his trips.
Retired Vietnamese: Nghỉ hưu Henderson retired completely from

photography in 1897.
Collection Bộ sưu tập Henderson's huge collection of glass

negatives was stored in the basement.
National Archives Quốc gia Lưu trữ Collections of Henderson's work are held at
the National Archives of Canada.
Photography Nhiếp ảnh Henderson made significant contributions to

the field of photography.
Extensive Rộng lớn, bao la Henderson's travels were extensive,

covering Quebec, Ontario, and the
Maritimes.
Commission nhiệm, hợp đồng Henderson received a commission from the

railway to document their structures.
Yacht Thuyền du lịch In 1872, Henderson sailed by yacht along

the lower north shore of the St Lawrence
River.
Collection Bộ sưu tập Collections of Henderson's work are held at

the McCord Museum of Canadian History.
PASSAGE 2
Culmination Đỉnh điểm, kết quả Professor Alan Short's book is the
cuối cùng culmination of 30 years of research in
160
architecture.
Squander Phung phí, lãng phí Global temperatures continue to rise, and
we are going to squander more energy on
cooling.
Reinvention Tái sáng tạo Short is calling for a reinvention of how

skyscrapers are designed.
Invention Sự phát minh, sự khám Air conditioning systems were aggressively

phá marketed by their inventors.
Contemporary Đương đại, hiện đại Most contemporary buildings have to be

sealed and air conditioned.
Spectacular Ngoạn mục, đáng chú The energy use and carbon emissions
ý generated by buildings are spectacular.
Account Chiếm, đáng chú ý Buildings in the West account for 40-50%
of electricity usage.
Representation Biểu tượng, hình Glass and steel skyscrapers are considered
tượng symbols of status.
Introduction Sự giới thiệu, sự ra The widespread introduction of air

mắt conditioning systems had a significant
impact.
Practical Thực tế, thực tiễn Short believes glass and air conditioned
skyscrapers are not practical.
161
Ventilation Sự thông gió, sự gió Short highlights the art and science of
vào ventilating buildings in the 19th century.
Ingeniously Khéo léo, tài tình Hospital designs from the 19th century were
ingeniously ventilated.
Pathogens Tác nhân gây bệnh Short's team modeled for pathogens in the
airstreams of hospitals.
Extensively Một cách rộng rãi, chi Short traveled extensively throughout
tiết Quebec and Ontario to document buildings.
Disappearance Sự biến mất, sự mất The mindset and skill sets behind these
tích designs have been completely lost.
Lamenting Than vãn, than thở Short is lamenting the disappearance of

expertly designed buildings.
Protect Bảo vệ, che chở 19th century buildings were designed to
protect against toxic air (miasmas).
Principal Chủ yếu, chính : Miasmas were believed to be the principal

agents of disease in the 19th century
Enthusiasm Sự nhiệt tình, sự hăng There was a public clamoring for buildings
hái to protect against miasmas.
Prevalent Phổ biến, thịnh hành Miasma theory was prevalent during the
Middle Ages and the 19th century.
162
Sophisticated Tinh vi, phức tạp Short highlights the sophisticated art and
science of ventilating buildings.
Documentation Tài liệu, hồ sơ Short documented the major cities and

villages in Quebec and Ontario.
Liabilities Nợ nần, trách nhiệm Glass skyscrapers may become liabilities in

pháp lý the future due to energy price rises.
Reinvented Tái tạo, tái thể Short's team worked on hybrid buildings
reinvented with natural ventilation.
Assisted Hỗ trợ, giúp đỡ Hybrid buildings were built with natural

ventilation assisted by back up air
conditioning.
Outlook Quan điểm, triển vọng Short looks at how we might reimagine the
cities, offices, and homes of the future.
Hybrid Kết hợp, lai tạo Short and his team worked on hybrid
buildings in harsh climates.
Milder Example: Back up air conditioning can be switched off on

milder days. Vietnamese: Ôn hòa, dịu dàng
Reimagine Tưởng tượng lại, tái Short encourages us to reimagine the

tạo buildings of the future.
Abandoned Bị bỏ rơi, bị ruồng bỏ Short laments the rich legacy of building

design that has been abandoned.
163
PASSAGE 3
Multi- billion Tỷ đô Example: The organization industry is a

multi- billion dollar business.
Paying Trả tiền Seminars and workshops are attended by a

paying public.
Delight Hân hoan, vui Business leaders are delighted with the idea
mừng of organizing everything.
Forefathers Tổ tiên, tổ phụ Frederick Taylor was one of the forefathers

of scientific management.
Efficiency Hiệu quả, năng suất Frederick Taylor's principles aimed to

improve work process efficiency.
Approach Tiếp cận, phương The research suggests a new approach to

pháp organizing work.
Diminishing Giảm dần, suy Recent studies show that order has
giảm diminishing returns.
Conventionally Theo truyền thống, In conventionally structured environments,

thông thường new solutions may be limited.
Perception Quan điểm, cảm Companies are embracing the idea of

nhận disorder in terms of perception.
Facets Khía cạnh, mặt The spaghetti structure brought

improvements in worker productivity in all
facets of the business.
164
Ought Nên, phải Seminars tell the public what they ought to
do to be more productive.
Strategie Chiến lược We have more strategies for time and

project management.
Efficiency Hiệu quả The obsession with efficiency is misguided.
Detrimental Có hại, gây thiệt hại Disorder can have detrimental effects on
performance if overused.
Embrace Nắm lấy, chấp nhận Companies are slowly starting to embrace
disorganization.
Perception Quan điểm, nhận Companies are embracing the idea of

thức disorder in terms of perception.
Mechanism Cơ chế, cơ cấu Companies put mechanisms in place to

reduce structure.
Collaboration Sự cộng tác, hợp Disorganization encourages virtual

tác collaboration and flexible working.
Venerate Tôn sùng, tôn thờ We should not venerate one approach over
the other.
Assumption Giả định The research questions existing

assumptions.
165
Perfectionists Người cầu toàn, Business leaders delight perfectionists who

người hoàn hảo want everything right.
Disorganisation Sự không tổ chức, Companies are embracing disorganisation to

sự lộn xộn some extent.
Utility Hiệu dụng, sự hữu : Disorder, like order, has diminishing

ích utility if overused.
Bandwagon Xe cuốn, hào phóng Others should be cautious before jumping

on this bandwagon.
Continually Liên tục, không We should continually question existing

ngừng assumptions.
Barrier Rào cản, rào chắn Disorganization involves breaking down

barriers in a company.
Glue Keo, liên kết Strong company values can glue people
together.
Overused Sử dụng quá mức, Disorder can have detrimental effects if

lạm dụng overused.
Disorganization Sự không tổ chức, Research shows that disorganization also

sự lộn xộn has diminishing returns.
Existing Hiện hành, có sẵn We should question whether existing

assumptions work.
166
Reading test 3
PASSAGE 1
Implicit Ngụ ý, ngấm ngầm People have unconscious notions known as

'implicit theories' of intelligence.
Conceptions Quan niệm, ý tưởng This chapter addresses how people

conceptualize intelligence.
Perception Sự nhận thức, tri Implicit theories of intelligence drive how

giác people perceive abilities.
Investigator Nhà điều tra, nhà Implicit theories of scientific investigators

nghiên cứu influence their explicit theories.
Correspondence Tương quan, tương Little correspondence between implicit and

ứng explicit theories may indicate errors.
Developmental Phát triển, phôi thai Understanding implicit theories can help
elucidate developmental differences.
Cross cultural Giao văn hóa, giao Implicit theories can differ based on cross
lưu văn hóa cultural factors
Elucidate Giải thích, làm Understanding implicit theories can

sáng tỏ elucidate developmental differences.
Philosophies Triết học, triết lý The views are loosely based on the
philosophies of great statesmen.
167
Phenomenon Hiện tượng, hiện Implicit theories provide a framework for

thực defining the general scope of a
phenomenon.
Suspects Nghi ngờ, nghi vấn Investigators may suspect that existing
explicit theories are wrong.
Expansion Mở rộng, bành Implicit theories suggest the need for the
trướng expansion of explicit theories.
Functional Có chức năng, chức Jacksonian view believes people are

năng functionally intersubstitutable.
Contributions Đóng góp, cống Implicit theories can serve as underlying

hiến presuppositions for scientific contributions.
Framework Khung, cấu trúc Implicit theories provide a useful

framework for defining phenomena.
Opportunities Cơ hội, thuận lợi The Jeffersonian view is that people should
have equal opportunities.
Presuppositions Giả định, giới thiệu Implicit theories serve as underlying

trước presuppositions for explicit theories.
Responsibilities Trách nhiệm, nhiệm Hamiltonian view suggests the need for the
vụ more intelligent to take responsibility.
Taken Nhận, chấp nhận Implicit theories influence experimental

designs taken as scientific contributions.
168
Valuing Trân trọng, đánh Why should we care what people think
giá intelligence is, as opposed only to valuing
what it actually is?
Implicit Ngấm ngầm, ngụ ý Implicit theories are unconscious notions of

intelligence.
Investigator Nhà điều tra, nhà Understanding implicit theories can be

nghiên cứu useful for investigators.
Framework Khung, cấu trúc Implicit theories provide a useful framework

for understanding phenomena.
Explicitt Rõ ràng, cụ thể Implicit theories may influence explicit

theories and experimental designs.
Philosophies Triết lý, tư tưởng Views are loosely based on the philosophies
of great statesmen.
Explicit Rõ ràng, cụ thể Implicit theories give rise to explicit

theories.
Functionally Có chức năng, chức Jacksonian view believes people are

năng functionally interchangeable.
Presuppositions Giả định, giới thiệu Implicit theories serve as underlying

trước presuppositions in science.
Responsibilities Trách nhiệm, Hamiltonian view suggests more intelligent

nhiệm vụ people have responsibilities.
PASSAGE 2
169
Derived Từ The drug was derived from a plant extract

known for its healing properties.
Ailments Bệnh tật The herbal remedy was used to treat various
common ailments.
Grasp Hiểu biết The young student had a basic grasp of

mathematics concepts.
Pharmaceutical Dược phẩm The pharmaceutical company developed a

new drug to treat cancer.
Compounds Hợp chất The chemist synthesized various chemical

compounds in the laboratory.
Extract Chiết xuất The scientist extracted the essential oils

from the plant for further analysis.
Genome Genôm The researchers studied the genome of the

organism to understand its genetic makeup.
Molecular Phân tử The scientist studied the molecular structure

of the new compound.
Diversity Đa dạng The rainforest is known for its incredible

biodiversity.
Bioprospecting Khám phá dược The expedition was organized for

phẩm từ tự nhiên bioprospecting, looking for potential
medicinal plants in the jungle.
170
Looming Rình rập The looming financial crisis has created

uncertainty in the markets.
Therapeutic Liệu pháp The therapist recommended a therapeutic

massage to reduce stress.
Defensive Phòng thủ The skunk uses its defensive spray as a

protection mechanism against predators.
Offensive Tấn công The army launched an offensive attack

against the enemy's position.
Antimicrobial Chống vi khuẩn The doctor prescribed an antimicrobial

medication to treat the infection.
Investigated Điều tra The police investigated the crime scene to

gather evidence.
Potent Có hiệu quả The herb has potent medicinal properties

that can alleviate pain.
Ubiquity Mọi nơi, phổ biến The ubiquity of smartphones has changed
the way we communicate.
Pathogenic Gây bệnh The virus is highly pathogenic and can cause
severe illness.
Antibiotics Kháng sinh The doctor prescribed antibiotics to treat the

bacterial infection.
171
Snip out Cắt bỏ The geneticist was able to snip out the
specific gene responsible for the trait.
Insert Chèn The scientist inserted the DNA sequence into

the host cell for further study.
Cell lines Chuỗi tế bào The lab cultured various cell lines to study
cellular behavior.
Commercial product Sản phẩm thương The company launched a new commercial
mại product in the market.
Isolating Cô lập The chemist is isolating the active compound

from the plant extract.
Characterizing Xác định tính chất The researchers are characterizing the
properties of the new material.
Precedent Tiền lệ The court's ruling set a precedent for future

similar cases.
Conservation Bảo tồn The environmental organization is focused

on wildlife conservation.
Recesses Góc khuất The cave's recesses provided shelter for the
animals during the storm.
Biodiversity Đa dạng sinh học The rainforest is known for its rich
biodiversity, housing many plant and animal
species.
172
PASSAGE 3
Drive Động lực The drive to succeed motivates her to work

hard in her studies.
Intense Mạnh mẽ : The intense heat during the summer makes

it difficult to stay outside for long.
Behavior Hành vi The teacher praised the student's good

behavior in the classroom.
Foundation Nền tảng Early education lays the foundation for a

child's future learning.
Flashcards Thẻ học The parents used flashcards to help their

child learn new words.
Dichotomy Sự phân chia hai The two political parties represent a clear
phần dichotomy in their ideologies.
Criterion Tiêu chí The main criterion for admission to the

program is academic excellence.
Spontaneously Tự phát The children spontaneously started dancing

when they heard the music.
Intrinsic Bên trong She has an intrinsic love for music and
enjoys playing the piano.
Continuum Liên tục The spectrum of colors represents a

continuum from red to violet.
173
Decrease Giảm The company's profits are expected to

decrease this year.
Leg up Sự giúp đỡ The extra tutoring gave the students a leg up

in the competition.
Essence Bản chất The essence of the story lies in its

underlying message about love and
forgiveness.
Robust Mạnh mẽ, kiên The research findings are based on robust
định evidence from multiple studies.
Optimal Tốt nhất The optimal time to visit the beach is during
the summer months.
Interaction Tương tác The teacher encourages classroom

interaction to promote active learning.
Coupled Kết hợp The success of the project was coupled with
effective teamwork.
Autonomous Tự chủ The college allows students to have

autonomous control over their course
selection.
Predominantly Phần lớn The event was attended predominantly by

young professionals.
174
Avenue Cơ hội Online learning provides an avenue for
people to pursue education from home.
Extrinsic Bên ngoài, ngoại vi The extrinsic rewards motivated the

employees to work harder.
Hybrid Hỗn hợp The product is a hybrid of traditional and

modern design elements.
Robust Mạnh mẽ, ổn định The robust system can handle a large
number of users without slowing down.
Stem Xuất phát Her interest in science stems from her

fascination with the natural world.
Autonomous Tự động The autonomous car can drive itself without

human intervention.
Predominantly Chủ yếu The population in the city is predominantly

young professionals.
Intrinsically Tính bản chất He was intrinsically motivated to pursue his

passion for art.
Continuum Liên tục The colors of the rainbow form a continuum

from red to violet.
Coupled Kết hợp The success of the project was coupled with
effective teamwork.
175
Engaged Tham gia, dồn sức The students were fully engaged in the
vào interactive learning activities.
176
CAMBRIDGE 15
Reading test 1
PASSAGE 1
Nutmeg Hạt nhục đậu She added a pinch of nutmeg to the cake batter for extra
khấu flavor.
Evergreen Xanh quanh năm The pine tree is an evergreen that retains its leaves
throughout the year.
Foliage Lá cây The lush foliage of the rainforest provides a habitat for
various animals.
Bell - Hình chuông The flowers of the lily of the valley are small and bell-
shaped shaped
Pear - Hình lê Example: The fruit of the avocado tree is typically pear-
shaped shaped
Dried Khô The herbs were dried in the sun to preserve their flavor.
Venetian Liên quan đến The Venetian carnival is famous for its elaborate masks and
Venice costumes.
Precious Quý giá The ring was passed down as a precious family heirloom.
Valuable Đáng giá The antique vase is a valuable collectible item.
177
Monopoly Độc quyền The company had a monopoly on the production of a certain
type of technology.
Exclusive Độc quyền The boutique offers exclusive designer clothing not
found in other stores.
Subcontracting Thuê ngoài The company decided to subcontract the manufacturing

of certain components to reduce costs.
Dominance Sự thống trị The team's dominance in the sport has been undisputed
for several years.
Exploiting Kỳ kế, Lợi dụng The company was accused of exploiting workers by
paying them low wages.
Strategic Chiến lược The company made strategic decisions to expand its
market share in Asia.
Fleet Đội tàu The shipping company has a fleet of cargo vessels that
transport goods worldwide.
Contagious Lây truyền The contagious disease quickly spread among the
population.
Compromise Sự nhượng bộ, In negotiations, both parties had to make compromises to

Thỏa thuận reach a settlement.
Severe Nghiêm trọng The severe drought resulted in crop failure and water
shortages.
178
Monopoly Độc quyền The company held a monopoly on the supply of
electricity in the region.
Nutmeg Hạt nhục đậu Nutmeg is a highly sought after spice in the culinary
khấu world. Vietnamese: Hạt nhục đậu khấu
Precious Quý giá The precious gemstone was kept in a secure vault to
protect its value.
Monopoly Độc quyền The company's monopoly over the market allowed them
to control prices and supply.
Compromise Thỏa thuận The compromise reached during the negotiations was
beneficial to both parties.
Contagious Truyền nhiễm The contagious disease spread rapidly, leading to a public
health emergency.
Dominance Sự thống trị The team's dominance in the league was evident by their
consecutive championship wins.
Subcontracting Thuê ngoài The company decided to subcontract the production of

certain parts to specialized manufacturers.
Exploiting Lợi dụng The mining company was accused of exploiting the
natural resources of the region without regard for
environmental consequences.
Strategic Chiến lược The company's strategic approach to marketing helped

them gain a competitive advantage in the industry.
179
Fleet Đội tàu The shipping company's fleet of cargo vessels transported
goods to various destinations worldwide.
PASSAGE 2
Automation Tự động hóa The factory implemented automation to increase

production efficiency.
Reliability Độ tin cậy The new car model is known for its reliability and low
maintenance costs.
Flexibility Tính linh hoạt The company's flexible work hours allow employees to
manage their schedules.
Trialling Thử nghiệm The company is trialling a new software system to

improve productivity.
Contributory Góp phần The report identified several contributory factors to the
project's success.
Autonomy Tự quyết định The autonomous vehicle navigated through traffic without
human intervention.
Implications Hậu quả The decision has far reaching implications for the
company's future.
Viable Khả thi The business idea is viable and has the potential for
success.
180
Intensively Một cách The team worked intensively to meet the project deadline.
chuyên cần
Compromise Thỏa hiệp The negotiation required both parties to compromise on

certain points.
Manufacturing Sản xuất The manufacturing industry has seen significant

advancements in automation.
Implementation Sự thực thi The successful implementation of the new system led to
increased efficiency.
Liabilities Nghĩa vụ pháp The company needs to assess its liabilities and financial
lý risks.
Regulation Quy định The government introduced new regulations to control

pollution.
Intensive Chuyên cần The research required intensive data analysis and
experimentation.
Vital Quan trọng Effective communication is vital for the success of any
team project.
Conquered Chinh phục With determination, she conquered the challenges and
achieved her goals.
Autonomy Sự tự quyết định The autonomous robot can perform tasks without human
intervention.
181
Reliable Đáng tin cậy The reliable software system ensured smooth operations
in the company.
Implementation Sự thực thi The successful implementation of the new policies led to
improved efficiency.
Automation Tự động hóa The factory's automation processes increased production

efficiency.
Reliability Độ tin cậy The car's reliability made it a popular choice among
consumers.
Flexibility Tính linh hoạt The company's flexibility allowed it to adapt to changing
market conditions.
Conquer Chinh phục With determination and hard work, she conquered the
challenges and achieved success.
Regulation Quy định The new regulations aim to improve safety standards in
the industry.
Autonomy Tự quyết định The autonomous vehicle can navigate without human
intervention.
Manufacturing Sản xuất The manufacturing process has been streamlined for
greater efficiency.
Vital Quan trọng Effective communication is vital for the success of any
business.
182
Viable Khả thi The business plan was deemed viable and received
funding from investors.
Intensive Chuyên cần The team conducted intensive research to find a solution
to the problem.
PASSAGE 3
Exploration Khám phá The desire for exploration led the adventurer to discover
new lands.
Knowledge Kiến thức The scientist shared his new found knowledge with the
research team.
Questing Tìm kiếm The questing spirit of the explorer drove him to explore
uncharted territories.
Remote Hẻo lánh The tribe lived in a remote area far from modern
civilization.
Endeavour Nỗ lực The team made a collective endeavour to find a solution

to the problem.
Pioneers Người tiên The pioneers of space exploration made history with their
phong achievements.
Habits Thói quen The biologist studied the habits of the rare species to
understand its behavior.
183
Ideas Ý tưởng The writer's exploration of new ideas captivated readers
worldwide.
Interpretation Diễn giải The artist's unique interpretation of the painting received
critical acclaim.
Insights Hiểu biết The research provided valuable insights into the causes of
the phenomenon.
Success Sự thành công The success of the project was attributed to the team's
hard work and collaboration.
Investigation Sự điều tra The police launched an investigation to solve the

mysterious case.
Specialist Chuyên gia The hospital has a team of medical specialists to handle
complex cases.
Conveying Truyền tải The photographer's images effectively conveyed the

beauty of nature.
Interpretation Diễn giải The historian provided a unique interpretation of the

historical event.
Habit Thói quen The habit of regular exercise improved his overall health.
Captivated Mê hoặc The movie's thrilling plot captivated the audience from
start to finish.
Remote Xa xôi The remote village lacked access to modern amenities.
184
Collaboraion Sự hợp tác The successful project was the result of collaboration
between different departments.
Objective Mục tiêu : The team had a clear objective and worked towards
achieving it.
Species Loài The scientist discovered a new species of butterfly in the

rainforest.
Microbes Vi khuẩn The lab is conducting research on the behavior of

microbes in extreme environments.
Collaboration Sự hợp tác The collaboration between artists and engineers resulted
in a stunning art installation.
Unique Độc đáo The artist's unique style of painting made her stand out in
the art world.
Conveying Truyền tải The poet's words were powerful in conveying emotions to
the readers.
Interpretation Diễn giải The pianist's interpretation of the classical piece was
praised by critics.
Collaboration Sự hợp tác The collaboration between scientists from different

countries led to groundbreaking discoveries.
Insight Hiểu biết sâu sắc The researcher's insight into the problem provided a
breakthrough in the study.
185
Success Sự thành công The team celebrated the success of their innovative
project.
Endeavour Nỗ lực The team's collective endeavour led to significant

progress in the field.
Reading test 2
PASSAGE 1
Sustainable Bền vững The company is committed to adopting sustainable

practices to protect the environment.
Decreasing Giảm xuống The government implemented policies aimed at

decreasing air pollution.
Environmental Môi trường The organization focuses on environmental conservation

and protection of wildlife.
Assumptions Giả định The study challenged the assumptions previously made
about consumer behavior.
Emphasis Nhấn mạnh The teacher placed great emphasis on the importance of
time management.
Sustainable Bền vững The city is working towards becoming more sustainable
by promoting renewable energy.
186
Engineers Kỹ sư The team of engineers developed a new technology to
improve energy efficiency.
Techniques Kỹ thuật The artist used various painting techniques to create a

realistic effect.
Design Thiết kế The architect presented the design for the new office
building.
Movement Chuyển động The dance performance showcased graceful and

synchronized movements.
Sustainable Bền vững The company's sustainable practices have earned them
recognition in the industry.
Transportation Giao thông The city's transportation system has been upgraded to
improve efficiency.
Conceived Sáng tạo The novel was conceived during the author's travels
around the world.
Detach Tách ra The artist tried to detach herself from external influences
while creating her masterpiece.
Experience Kinh nghiệm The pilot's experience and skill ensured a smooth landing
during the storm.
Reality Hiện thực The virtual reality game allows players to immerse
themselves in a different world.
187
Engineers Kỹ sư The team of engineers worked tirelessly to develop the
innovative technology.
Solutions Giải pháp : The committee proposed several solutions to address the
problem of traffic congestion.
Feedback Phản hồi The company valued customer feedback to improve their
products and services.
Implications Hậu quả The new policy had far
reaching implications for the economy.
Sustainability Bền vững The company's sustainability efforts were recognized with
a prestigious award.
Transportation Giao thông The government invested in public transportation to

reduce traffic congestion.
Conception Sáng tạo The artist's conception of the artwork was unique and
thought provoking.
Implications Hậu quả The study examined the implications of climate change
on coastal communities.
Experience Kinh nghiệm The team hired an experienced consultant to guide them
through the project.
188
Solutions Giải pháp The researchers proposed innovative solutions to tackle
the global water crisis.
Techniques Kỹ thuật The scientist developed groundbreaking techniques for

gene editing.
Knowledge Kiến thức The professor's vast knowledge in the field made her
lectures engaging and informative.
Movement Chuyển động The dance performance showcased intricate and

captivating movements.
Emotional Tình cảm The film's emotional impact left the audience moved and
reflective.
PASSAGE 2
Extinct Tuyệt chủng The dodo bird is an extinct species that once lived on the
island of Mauritius.
Geneticist Nhà di truyền The geneticist is studying the DNA of different animal
học species to understand their genetic makeup.
Embryo Phôi thai The scientist observed the development of the embryo
under a microscope.
Pioneering Tiên phong The company is known for its pioneering work in
renewable energy technologies.
189
De-extinction Tái sinh Example: Scientists are exploring the possibility of de-
extinction to revive certain extinct species.
Hybrid Lai The hybrid plant is a cross between two different species,
resulting in unique characteristics.
Ecosystems Hệ sinh thái The conservationist works to protect and restore natural
ecosystems in the rainforest.
Disturbance Sự làm phiền The forest fire caused a disturbance in the natural balance
of the ecosystem.
Thrive Phát triển mạnh The wildlife sanctuary provides a safe environment for
animals to thrive and reproduce.
Mitigate Làm giảm The government implemented measures to mitigate the

impact of climate change on coastal communities.
Thylacine Thylacine (con The government implemented measures to mitigate the

chó túi impact of climate change on coastal communities.
Tasmania)
Genetic Di truyền The researchers studied the genetic makeup of the

endangered species to understand its breeding patterns.
Niche Vai trò The species occupies a specific ecological niche within
the forest ecosystem.
190
Practical Thực tế The scientist proposed a practical solution to reduce
pollution in the city.
Hybridized Lai tạo The hybridized plant exhibited a combination of traits

from both parent species.
Extinction Tuyệt chủng The loss of habitat led to the extinction of several species
in the region.
Repopulation Tái định cư The reintroduction of the species aimed at repopulating

the area with native wildlife.
Boreal Cận Bắc The boreal forest is known for its cold climate and diverse
wildlife.
Emissions Khí thải The government introduced measures to reduce carbon

emissions and combat climate change.
Extinction Tuyệt chủng The extinction of certain species is a consequence of

human activities and habitat destruction.
De- extinction Tái sinh Example: The ambitious de-extinction project aims to
revive extinct species through advanced genetic
technology
Hybridized Lai tạo The hybridized plant exhibited unique characteristics

from both parent species.
191
Repopulation Tái định cư The repopulation of the area with endangered species is
part of the conservation effort.
Modifications Sửa đổi The genetic modifications allowed the scientists to create
disease resistant crops.
Extinction Tuyệt chủng The extinction of certain animal species is a pressing

concern for conservationists.
Boreal Cận Bắc The boreal forests are critical habitats for many wildlife
species.
Ecosystems Hệ sinh thái The preservation of ecosystems is essential for

maintaining biodiversity.
Mitigate Làm giảm The government implemented measures to mitigate the

impact of climate change on coastal areas.
Controversial Gây tranh cãi The de-extinction project sparked a controversial debate
among scientists and ethicists. Vietnamese: Gây tranh cãi
Calculated Tính toán The researchers took a calculated risk in conducting the
dangerous experiment.
PASSAGE 3
Humour Hài hước The comedian's jokes were filled with humor, making the
audience burst into laughter.
192
Stimuli Kích thích The children's laughter was a response to the funny
stimuli provided by the clown.
Anthropologist Nhà nhân chủng The anthropologists studied the culture and traditions of
s học the indigenous tribes.
Codes Mã The gestures and facial expressions served as non verbal

codes of communication.
Hierarchies Hệ thống cấp The organization has a clear hierarchy with managers and
bậc employees at different levels.
Dominant Ưu thế The alpha male displayed dominant behavior in the group
of chimpanzees.
Submissive Nhút nhát The dog showed submissive behavior by lowering its
head and wagging its tail.
Hypothesis Giả thuyết The scientist formulated a hypothesis to test in the

experiment.
Facilitate Làm cho thuận The new software will facilitate data analysis and report
lợi generation.
Accomplishme Thành tựu Winning the championship was a great accomplishment

nt for the team.
**Từ vựng cấp độ C1
193
Psychological Tâm lý học The psychological study aimed to understand the effects
of stress on mental health.
Neuroscience Khoa học thần The neuroscientist studied the brain's response to different
kinh học stimuli.
Predications Dự đoán The participants' predictions about the outcome of the

experiment were accurate.
Replication Sao chép The researchers replicated the study to confirm the
previous findings.
Perception Nhận thức The artist's painting challenged the viewer's perception of
reality.
Accomplishme Thành tựu The completion of the project was a significant

nt accomplishment for the team.
Hypothesis Giả thuyết The researcher formulated a hypothesis to test in the

study.
Consecutive Liên tiếp The team won five consecutive matches in the
tournament.
Psychological Tâm lý học The psychological study explored the impact of childhood
experiences on adult behavior.
Participants Người tham gia The participants in the study were selected randomly from
the pool of volunteers.
194
Psychological Tâm lý học The psychological study aimed to understand the effects
of stress on mental health.
Neuroscience Khoa học thần The neuroscientist studied the brain's response to different
kinh học stimuli.
Predications Dự đoán The participants' predictions about the outcome of the

experiment were accurate.
Replication Sao chép The researchers replicated the study to confirm the
previous findings.
Perception Nhận thức The artist's painting challenged the viewer's perception of
reality.
Accomplishme Thành tựu The completion of the project was a significant

nt accomplishment for the team.
Hypothesis Giả thuyết The researcher formulated a hypothesis to test in the

study.
Consecutive Liên tiếp The team won five consecutive matches in the
tournament.
Psychological Tâm lý học The psychological study explored the impact of childhood
experiences on adult behavior.
Participants Người tham gia The participants in the study were selected randomly from
the pool of volunteers.
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Reading test 3
PASSAGE 1
Sculptor Nhà điêu khắc Henry Moore was a renowned sculptor known for his
unique art pieces.
Enrolled Ghi danh After finishing high school, she enrolled in a local college
to pursue her studies.
Advanced Tiên tiến The advanced technology allowed for faster data
processing.
Reclining Nằm The artist created a beautiful painting of a reclining

woman resting on a couch.
Impression Ấn tượng The performance left a lasting impression on the

audience.
Naturalistic Chân thực The artist's paintings had a naturalistic style, resembling
real life scenes.
Commissions Ủy thác The gallery received several commissions from art

collectors looking for unique pieces.
Sculpture Tượng điêu khắc The gallery displayed a wide collection of sculptures by
various artists.
Ambitious Đầy tham vọng The young painter had ambitious plans to exhibit her
artwork in major galleries.
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Impression Ấn tượng The artist's use of vibrant colors left a strong impression
on the viewers.
Merits Ưu điểm The committee discussed the merits and drawbacks of

each proposal.
Experimentatio Sự thử nghiệm The scientist's experiments led to groundbreaking

n discoveries in the field of physics.
Distort Bóp méo The artist used a unique technique to distort the images in
his paintings.
Dramatic Kịch tính Kịch tính The actor delivered a dramatic performance that
left the audience in awe.
Humanistic Nhân văn The novel explored deep humanistic themes, touching the
hearts of readers.
Ambitious Đầy tham vọng The ambitious architect designed a futuristic building that
stood out in the city skyline.
Sculpture Tượng điêu khắc The museum displayed a remarkable collection of

sculptures by famous artists.
Impression Ấn tượng The artist's use of light and shadows created a powerful
impression in the painting.
Critical Khiêu khích The art critic praised the artist's latest exhibition in a
critical review.
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Revolutionary Cách mạng The scientist's groundbreaking research was considered
revolutionary in the field of medicine.
Renowned Nổi tiếng The renowned pianist performed a breathtaking concert

that received a standing ovation.
Exhibited Trưng bày The artist's latest masterpiece was exhibited in a

prestigious gallery in New York.
Advanced Tiên tiến The advanced technology allowed for more efficient data
processing.
Distinct Riêng biệt The artist's style was distinct and easily recognizable
among other painters.
Ambitious Đầy tham vọng The architect had ambitious plans to design eco friendly
buildings around the world.
Critical Khiêu khích The literary critic wrote a scathing review of the novel,
criticizing its plot and character development.
Remarkable Đáng chú ý The sculpture's remarkable details showcased the artist's
exceptional talent.
Revolutionary Cách mạng The scientist's groundbreaking research was considered

revolutionary in the field of physics.
Exhibition Triển lãm The museum organized a special exhibition featuring the
works of modern artists.
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International Quốc tế The musician gained international fame after winning
several prestigious awards.
PASSAGE 2
Portable Có thể di động The portable device can be easily carried anywhere for
convenience.
Purify Lọc sạch The water purifier removes impurities and

contaminants from the water.
Reserves Dự trữ The country has significant oil reserves that contribute
to its economy.
Sustainable Bền vững The company aims to implement sustainable practices

to protect the environment.
Carbon Dấu chân carbon By reducing energy consumption, we can decrease our
footprint carbon footprint.
Solar panel Tấm pin năng The house is equipped with solar panels to harness
lượng mặt trời renewable energy.
Distilled water Nước cất Distilled water is free from impurities and minerals.
Scarcity Sự khan hiếm The drought has led to water scarcity in the region.
Microfinance Tài chính vi mô The organization provides microfinance to help

entrepreneurs start small businesses.
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Outright Một lần Instead of paying in installments, she decided to buy
the car outright.
Severe Nghiêm trọng The severe weather conditions disrupted the

transportation system.
Self-sufficient Tự cung cấp đủ Example: The community aims to be self sufficient in

producing renewable energy.
Niche markets Thị trường cơ The company targets niche markets with specific product
hội offerings.
Viable Khả thi The business plan needs to be viable before seeking
investors.
Humanitarian Nhân đạo The organization provides humanitarian aid to refugees in

conflict zones.
Venture Doanh nghiệp Starting a new business can be a risky venture.

mới
Funding Quỹ tài trợ The project received generous funding from various
donors.
Impurities Tạp chất The water filter effectively removes impurities from the
drinking water.
Contaminants Chất ô nhiễm The factory released toxic contaminants into the nearby
river.
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Implement Thực hiện The company plans to implement new policies to reduce
waste.
Field tests Thử nghiệm thực The new product will undergo extensive field tests
địa before its official launch.
Humanitarian Lĩnh vực nhân đạo The organization focuses on providing aid and
sector assistance in the humanitarian sector.
Negotiate Đàm phán The team will negotiate the terms of the contract with
the supplier.
Viability Khả năng tồn tại The long term viability of the project is still under
discussion.
Company aims Mục tiêu của công The company aims to expand its market share in the
ty coming years.
Renewable Năng lượng tái tạo Solar and wind power are examples of renewable
energy energy sources.
Contaminants Chất ô nhiễm The water treatment plant effectively removes

contaminants from the water supply.
Impurities Tạp chất The laboratory analyzes the water samples to detect
any impurities.
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Field tests Thử nghiệm thực The new vaccine will undergo field tests before it is
địa approved for public use.
Viability Khả năng tồn tại The long term viability of the project is still under
discussion.
PASSAGE 3
Enduring Kéo dài, bền The enduring appeal of classic books makes them popular
vững for generations.
Variety Sự đa dạng The restaurant offers a variety of dishes to cater to

different tastes.
Versions Phiên bản The movie had multiple versions with different endings.
Evolution Sự tiến hóa The evolution of technology has transformed the way we
live.
Cautionary Cảnh báo The book contains cautionary tales to warn children about
potential dangers.
Crucial Quan trọng Time management is crucial for meeting deadlines at

work.
Flexibility Sự linh hoạt The new policy allows employees more flexibility in their
work hours.
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Conserved Bảo tồn The historical site is protected to conserve its cultural
heritage.
Reproduced Tái tạo The artwork was carefully reproduced to create limited
edition prints.
Gripping Hấp dẫn The movie's gripping plot kept the audience on the edge
of their seats.
Anthropologist Nhà nhân chủng The anthropologist studied the cultural practices of
học indigenous tribes.
Phylogenetic Phân tích di The biologist used phylogenetic analysis to understand

analysis truyền loài học the evolutionary relationships between species.
Perennial Lâu dài, vĩnh The perennial problem of traffic congestion needs a long
cửu term solution.
Relevant Liên quan The research findings are highly relevant to the current
situation.
Victim Nạn nhân The victim of the crime provided valuable information to
the police.
Negative Cảm xúc tiêu The therapist helps clients cope with negative emotions
emotions cực such as anxiety and depression.
203
Seek out Tìm kiếm : Horror movie enthusiasts seek out the scariest films to
watch.
Scary Đáng sợ The haunted house attraction was so scary that many
people screamed.
Dangers Nguy hiểm The warning signs indicate potential dangers ahead on the
road.
Resistance Sự chống cự Regular exercise can build up resistance to common

illnesses.
Universality Tính toàn cầu The universality of music allows it to transcend language
barriers.
Significantly Đáng kể The new regulations significantly impact the company's

operations.
Survival- Liên quan đến sự Example: The survival- relevant skills learned in
relevant tồn tại childhood are useful throughout life.
Relevance Tính liên quan The relevance of historical events to the present is a topic
of ongoing research.
Analyzes Phân tích The scientist analyzes data from the experiment to draw
conclusions.
Oral traditions Truyền thông Folktales passed down through oral traditions carry
miệng cultural knowledge.
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Altered Thay đổi The original design was altered to meet the client's
specific requirements.
Villain Nhân vật phản The movie's villain was portrayed as a cunning and
diện ruthless character.
Resisted Chống lại Despite the challenges, the team resisted giving up and
continued working.
Constant Bất biến, không The constant pursuit of knowledge drives scientific
ngừng research.
Reading test 4
PASSAGE 1
Arid Khô cằn The arid climate in the desert makes it difficult for plants
to grow.
Fragile Dễ vỡ, mỏng The fragile vase should be handled with care to avoid
manh breaking it.
Erosion Xói mòn Heavy rainfall can cause erosion and wash away the
topsoil.
Disappearing Biến mất The disappearing wildlife is a cause for concern among
conservationists.
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Prejudices Định kiến Overcoming prejudices is essential for building a more
inclusive society.
Sustainable Bền vững Renewable energy sources are essential for building a
sustainable future.
Festival Lễ hội : The local community organized a cultural festival to

celebrate their traditions.
Reinstate Khôi phục The government plans to reinstate the old policies to
address the current issues.
Flour Bột mỳ Wheat flour is commonly used in baking bread and

pastries.
Minerals Khoáng chất : Vegetables and fruits are rich sources of essential
vitamins and minerals.
Pioneering Tiên phong The pioneering project aims to develop innovative

solutions for sustainable energy.
Sustainable Thu nhập bền The farmer implemented sustainable practices to ensure a
income vững stable income.
Corridors Con đường dành Wildlife corridors allow animals to move between
cho động vật different habitats safely.
Bio- control Sự điều khiển The use of bio control agents reduced the pest population
sinh học in the field.
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Biodiversity Đa dạng sinh Conservation efforts aim to protect the rich biodiversity
học of the rainforest.
Expanse Phạm vi rộng The vast expanse of the ocean extends as far as the eye
lớn can see.
Confined Bị hạn chế, bị The prisoners were confined to their cells for the entire
giam cầm day.
Exploiting Khai thác Companies should avoid exploiting natural resources

without considering sustainability.
Potential Tiềm năng The new technology has the potential to revolutionize the
industry.
Drought Hạn hán The prolonged drought has led to water shortages in the
region.
Counteracting Đối kháng The new policy aims at counteracting the negative effects
of pollution on the environment.
Potential Tiềm năng The project has the potential to transform the way we
live.
Fragile system Hệ thống dễ vỡ The ecosystem in the Arctic is a fragile system vulnerable
to climate change.
Inclusive Có tính chất bao An inclusive society ensures equal opportunities for all its
gồm, bao dung citizens.
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Conservationis Nhà bảo tồn Conservationists work to protect endangered species and
ts their habitats.
Address Giải quyết The government must address the pressing issues of
poverty and inequality.
Implementatio Sự thực thi The successful implementation of the plan requires

n careful coordination.
Revive Phục hồi Efforts to revive the declining population of a species are
underway.
Innovation Đổi mới Technological innovation has revolutionized various

industries.
Efforts Nỗ lực The collective efforts of the team led to the project's
success.
PASSAGE 2
Canary Islands Quần đảo The Canary Islands are known for their beautiful beaches
Canaria and warm climate.
Volcanic Thuộc núi lửa The volcanic eruption caused widespread damage to the
surrounding areas.
Ambiguity Sự mơ hồ The ambiguity in the contract led to disputes between the

parties involved.
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Repetition Sự lặp lại The teacher used repetition to reinforce the important
points in the lesson.
Communication Giao tiếp Effective communication is essential for a successful

team.
Distance Khoảng cách The distance between the two cities can be covered by
train in two hours.
Rapid Nhanh chóng The rapid growth of technology has transformed various
industries.
Variety Sự đa dạng The store offers a wide variety of products to choose

from.
Independent Độc lập : The children are encouraged to become independent and
responsible individuals.
Modality Cách thức, The modality of the presentation will determine its
phương thức effectiveness.
Neuroimaging Kỹ thuật chụp Neuroimaging techniques help researchers study brain

cộng hưởng từ activity and functions.
Engagement Sự hứng thú, sự The interactive presentation engaged the audience

tham gia throughout the event.
Observational Liên quan đến The study used observational data collected over several
việc quan sát years.
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Indigenous Bản địa, bản xứ The indigenous people of the region have unique customs
and traditions.
Conquer Chinh phục The army was determined to conquer the enemy's
territory.
Extinction Sự tuyệt chủng Conservation efforts aim to prevent the extinction of

endangered species.
Fluency Sự lưu loát, lưu Her fluency in multiple languages made her a valuable
thông asset to the company.
Preservation Sự bảo tồn The preservation of historical buildings is essential for

maintaining cultural heritage.
Assistance Sự hỗ trợ The organization provided financial assistance to those

affected by the disaster.
Declaration Tuyên bố The government issued a declaration to address the

current economic crisis.
Communicative Có tính chất The communicative abilities of individuals are essential

giao tiếp for effective teamwork.
Essential Quan trọng, cần Time management skills are essential for meeting project
thiết deadlines.
Widespread Lan tràn, lan The news of the accident spread quickly and caused
rộng widespread concern.
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Extinction Sự tuyệt chủng The extinction of certain animal species can disrupt the
ecosystem.
Preservation Sự bảo tồn The preservation of cultural heritage is crucial for future
generations.
Technique Kỹ thuật The artist used a unique painting technique to create

stunning artworks.
Culture Văn hóa Different countries have diverse cultures and traditions.
Tradition Truyền thống Celebrating festivals is an important tradition in many

cultures.
Valuable Quý giá The employee's innovative ideas proved to be a valuable

asset to the company.
Organization Tổ chức The non profit organization works to support

disadvantaged communities.
PASSAGE 3
Environmental Môi trường The company is committed to implementing

environmental policies to reduce its carbon footprint.
Circumstances Tình huống, The decision will depend on the circumstances of the
hoàn cảnh case.
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Obligation Nghĩa vụ As a manager, he has an obligation to ensure the safety of
his employees.
Profit-making Kiếm lời The company focuses on profit making strategies to

ensure financial growth.
Humanitarian Nhân đạo The organization provides humanitarian aid to refugees in

war torn regions. Vietnamese: Nhân đạo
Prefer Ưu tiên I prefer to use public transportation instead of driving a

car.
Track record Kết quả làm The company's track record of success attracts investors.
việc trong quá
khứ
Sustainable Bền vững The company aims to adopt sustainable practices to

protect the environment.
Demand Yêu cầu, nhu There is a high demand for organic products among
cầu health conscious consumers.
Pressure Áp lực The environmental activists put pressure on the

government to take action on climate change.
Fundamental Cơ bản, cơ sở The company's core values are based on fundamental

principles of integrity and honesty.
212
Maximize Tối đa hóa The company aims to maximize profits while minimizing
environmental impact.
Out-compete Vượt qua, áp The new product was able to out compete its competitors
đảo in the market.
Fiduciary Liên kết tin cậy As a financial advisor, she has a fiduciary duty to act in
the best interest of her clients.
Liability Trách nhiệm The company accepted liability for the damage caused by
pháp lý its faulty products.
Ultimate Cuối cùng, tối The ultimate goal of the project is to improve the lives of
thượng the local community.
Sustainable Bền vững The company is committed to adopting sustainable

practices to protect the environment.
Sensitivity Sự nhạy cảm The company's success is influenced by its sensitivity to

customer needs and preferences.
Explicit Rõ ràng, cụ thể The contract should include explicit terms and conditions
to avoid misunderstandings.
Enforce Thi hành The government will enforce strict penalties for those
who violate environmental regulations.
Empowering Tạo điều kiện để The workshop aims to empower women to take on
leadership roles in their communities.
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Admirable Đáng ngưỡng Her dedication to community service is truly admirable.
mộ
Complex Phức tạp The situation is complex and requires careful

consideration.
Explicit Rõ ràng, cụ thể The rules should be made explicit to avoid any confusion.
Enforce Thi hành The government will enforce strict penalties for those
who violate environmental regulations.
Essential Cần thiết, quan Effective communication is essential for building strong
trọng relationships.
Prediction Dự đoán The economist's prediction of a recession turned out to be

accurate.
Attitude Thái độ A positive attitude can greatly influence success in life.
Behavior Hành vi, cách cư The company's ethical behavior is reflected in its
xử commitment to social responsibility.
Environmental Thực hành về The company is implementing sustainable environmental

practices môi trường practices to reduce its ecological impact.
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CAMBRIDGE 16
Reading test 1
PASSAGE 1
Protect Bảo vệ Conservationists work tirelessly to protect endangered

species.
Threatened Đe dọa The population of sea turtles is threatened by pollution

and habitat destruction.
Disappearance Sự biến mất The disappearance of certain bird species is a cause for
concern.
Consequences Hậu quả The consequences of deforestation are far reaching and
affect the entire ecosystem.
Adipose tissue Mô mỡ Adipose tissue stores energy in the form of fat.
Genes Gen Genetic factors play a significant role in determining

physical traits.
Mutation Đột biến Mutations in DNA can lead to changes in an organism's

characteristics.
Condition Tình trạng Regular exercise is important for maintaining good health
and preventing certain medical conditions.
215
Depleting Cạn kiệt Deforestation is depleting the world's forests at an
alarming rate.
Paradox Nghịch lý The concept of time travel presents a paradox in physics.
Genome Bộ gen di truyền Scientists are studying the human genome to understand
genetic diseases better.
Physiologists Nhà sinh lý học Physiologists study how the human body functions and
adapts to various conditions.
Density Mật độ : The density of a material affects its buoyancy in water.
Mechanism Cơ chế The mechanism of action of a drug determines its effects

on the body.
Anecdotal Bằng chứng theo Anecdotal evidence suggests that certain herbal remedies
evidence kể chuyện can treat common colds effectively.
Assumptions Giả định It is essential to question our assumptions and beliefs to

gain a deeper understanding of the world.
Deliberate Cố ý, cẩn thận The artist made a deliberate choice to use bright colors in
the painting.
Agile Linh hoạt Cats are known for their agile and graceful movements.
216
Frustration Sự thất vọng, sự The team's repeated failures led to feelings of frustration
bực mình among the players.
Astonishing Đáng kinh ngạc The results of the experiment were astonishing and
unexpected.
Extinction Sự tuyệt chủng The extinction of endangered species is a tragic loss for
biodiversity.
Majestic Tráng lệ, vĩ đại The sight of the majestic mountain range took their breath
away.
Breakthroughs Bước đột phá Scientists celebrated the groundbreaking discovery as a

significant breakthrough in medical research
Astonishing Đáng kinh ngạc The findings of the study were astonishing and
revolutionized the field of physics.
Hunt Săn bắn Predators hunt their prey for survival.
Remarkably Đáng chú ý The team's performance in the championship was

remarkably consistent.
Extinction Sự tuyệt chủng : The extinction of endangered species is a tragic loss for
biodiversity.
Intelligent Thông minh Dolphins are highly intelligent marine mammals.
217
Disappearance Sự biến mất The sudden disappearance of the ship remains a mystery.
Conservation Bảo tồn : Conservation efforts are vital for preserving natural
habitats and wildlife.
PASSAGE 2
Evolution Sự tiến hóa The evolution of technology has brought about significant
changes in our daily lives.
Monument Tượng đài The ancient ruins of the temple serve as a remarkable
monument to the past civilization.
Brilliant Tài tình, xuất Leonardo da Vinci was a brilliant artist and inventor.
sắc
Tributes Sự tôn vinh The concert was a tribute to the legendary musician's
contributions to the music industry.
Impressive Ấn tượng The view from the mountaintop was truly impressive,
with breathtaking scenery.
Conceived Tưởng tượng The architect conceived a unique design for the new
building.
Monument Tượng đài The ancient ruins of the temple serve as a remarkable
monument to the past civilization.
218
Complex Khu phức hợp : The ancient city is an intricate complex of temples,
palaces, and tombs.
True Chính xác Only one of the three doors was the true entrance to the
hidden chamber.
Tradition Truyền thống : The family has a tradition of gathering for dinner every
Sunday.
Thoroughly Kỹ lưỡng, tỉ mỉ The investigators thoroughly examined the crime scene

for evidence.
Construction Sự xây dựng The construction of the new bridge is expected to be

completed by the end of the year.
Challenge Thách thức Climbing the mountain was a great challenge, but it was
worth the effort.
Surround Vietnamese: Bao The garden is surrounded by a tall fence to keep out
quanh animals.
Vast Rộng lớn The Sahara Desert is a vast expanse of sand and dunes.
Maze Hàng rào rối rắm The maze in the garden was a fun and challenging puzzle
to solve.
Archaeologist Nhà khảo cổ học The archaeologist discovered ancient artifacts buried
beneath the ruins of the city.
219
Astonish Gây ngạc nhiên The breathtaking view from the mountaintop astonished
the hikers.
Excavated Khai quật The team of archaeologists carefully excavated the

ancient burial site.
Milestone Cột mốc The discovery of antibiotics was a milestone in medical

history.
Revolutionary Cách mạng The invention of the internet was a revolutionary

development in communication.
Advance Tiến bộ The scientific research led to significant advances in the

field of medicine.
Archetype Mẫu mực The classic novel is often considered the archetype of
romantic literature.
Builders Nhà xây dựng The skilled builders constructed the magnificent cathedral
over several decades.
Significant Quan trọng The discovery of ancient artifacts was a significant find
for archaeologists.
Milestone Cột mốc The completion of the project marked a milestone in the
company's history.
Architecture Kiến trúc The modern building's unique architecture is a standout in

the city skyline.
220
Evolution Sự tiến hóa The evolution of technology has brought about significant
changes in our daily lives.
Monumental To lớn, trọng đại The monumental statue was a symbol of the nation's pride
and history.
Revolutionary Cách mạng The invention of the printing press was a revolutionary
advancement in communication.
PASSAGE 3
Leading Dẫn đầu The leading expert in the field conducted the research.
Switch Chuyển đổi The company decided to switch to a more eco friendly
packaging material.
Disruptive Gây rối The new technology had a disruptive impact on the
market, forcing many businesses to adapt.
Capable Có khả năng The new smartphone is capable of handling multiple tasks
at once.
Judgement Sự phán xét The judge made a fair judgment based on the evidence
presented in court.
Enhance Nâng cao The software update will enhance the performance of the
computer.
221
Legitimate Hợp pháp The company had a legitimate reason for increasing
prices due to rising production costs.
Discouraged Đánh mất lòng Despite facing challenges, the team was not discouraged
tin and continued to work hard.
Transparent Minh bạch The company's financial transactions are transparent, and
all records are accessible to stakeholders.
Dilemmas Khó khăn đối The manager faced ethical dilemmas when deciding how
mặt to handle the sensitive situation.
Algorithm Thuật toán The algorithm efficiently processed vast amounts of data
to predict consumer behavior.
Perception Thị giác The artist's paintings often challenge the viewer's
perception of reality.
Strategies Chiến lược The marketing team developed effective strategies to

increase sales.
Multistage Đa giai đoạn The project involves a multistage process, with each stage
building on the previous one.
Redeployment Điều động lại After the company's restructuring, some employees were
offered redeployment to different departments.
Pre-empt Đề phòng trước Example: The government took measures to pre- empt
the economic crisis and stabilize the market.
222
Democracy Dân chủ The country is known for its commitment to democracy
and individual rights.
Bold Táo bạo The CEO made a bold decision to invest in a new
technology that paid off in the long run.
Capacity Sức chứa The stadium has a seating capacity of 50,000 spectators.
Pronounced Rõ rệt : The impact of climate change on the environment is

pronounced in polar regions.
Transitions Sự chuyển tiếp The company is going through major transitions as it

shifts its focus to sustainability.
Guaranteed Đảm bảo The contract guarantees job security for all employees for
the next five years.
Revolution Cách mạng The invention of the internet sparked a revolution in the
way people communicate.
Seizing Nắm bắt The opportunity to expand into new markets is worth
seizing for the company's growth.
Capacity Sức chứa The new factory has the capacity to produce 10,000 units
per month.
Industrial Công nghiệp The industrial revolution transformed the economy and
led to significant technological advancements.
223
Pronounced Rõ rệt The impact of the policy change on the economy was
pronounced and immediate.
Guarantee Bảo đảm The company's strong financial position guarantees

stability even during economic downturns.
Humankind Nhân loại Space exploration has expanded our understanding of the
universe and the potential for humankind to colonize
other planets.
Revolution Cách mạng The digital revolution has changed the way people access
information and communicate worldwide.
Reading test 2
PASSAGE 1
Mysterious Bí ẩn The origins of the ancient artifact remain mysterious to

archaeologists.
Enigmatic Bí ẩn The enigmatic symbols carved on the stone have puzzled

researchers for years.
Tradition Truyền thống The festival is a long standing tradition celebrated every
year by the community.
Customs Phong tục Each culture has its own unique customs and traditions.
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Carving Điêu khắc The intricate carving on the wooden door is a masterpiece
of craftsmanship.
Stylised Mang phong The artist's work is characterized by a stylized and

cách abstract approach.
Depictions Miêu tả The cave paintings provide depictions of ancient life and
culture.
Ritual Nghi lễ The ancient civilization had elaborate religious rituals to

honor their gods.
Emblem Biểu tượng The national flag is considered the emblem of the
country's identity.
Fertility Sự sinh sản The fertility goddess was worshipped for her role in
bringing prosperity to the land.
Prehistoric Tiền sử Archaeologists discovered prehistoric artifacts dating

back thousands of years.
Neolithic Niên đại mới The transition from the Paleolithic to the Neolithic period
brought significant changes to human societies.
Adequate Đủ The evidence provided by the witnesses was adequate to

support the case.
Luminescence Sự tỏa sáng The rocks emit a soft luminescence in the dark.
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Construction Xây dựng The construction of the ancient temple took several years
to complete.
Emblem Biểu tượng The eagle is often used as the emblem of courage and
strength.
Native Bản địa The tribe has preserved its native language and customs
for generations.
Mythology Thần thoại Greek mythology is filled with fascinating stories of gods
and heroes.
Significance Ý nghĩa The discovery of the rare artifact holds great historical
significance.
Glimpse Cái nhìn thoáng The old photograph provided a glimpse of life in the past.
qua
Controversial Gây tranh cãi The decision to implement the new policy was
controversial and sparked debate.
Depictions Miêu tả The artist's realistic depictions of nature have earned

critical acclaim.
Testament Bằng chứng The ancient ruins are a testament to the greatness of the
civilization that once thrived here.
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Faded Phai mờ Over time, the colors of the old painting faded, making it
difficult to see the original details.
Origins Nguồn gốc The origins of the ancient artifact remain a mystery to
historians.
Occupations Ngành nghề The industrial revolution brought significant changes to

the traditional occupations of many people.
Puzzled Bối rối The researchers were puzzled by the strange markings on
the ancient artifact.
Worshiped Tôn sùng The ancient people worshipped the sun as a deity.
Thriving Phát đạt The once thriving city was reduced to ruins after the war.
Civilization Nền văn minh The ancient civilization left behind impressive
architectural wonders and artifacts.
PASSAGE 2
Populated Đông đúc The ancient city was once populated by a thriving
community of people.
Ubiquitous Phổ biến Smartphones have become ubiquitous in modern society.
Mess Lộn xộn If we don't clean up after the party, the place will be a
mess.
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Microbiome Vi sinh động học The human gut contains a diverse microbiome that plays
a crucial role in digestion.
Peril Nguy hiểm Ignoring climate change puts the planet in peril.
Variation Sự biến đổi There is significant variation in weather patterns across

different regions.
Context Bối cảnh It's important to consider the context when interpreting
someone's words.
Contentedly Hài lòng The cat sat contentedly in the sun, purring softly.
Swallow Nuốt Be careful not to swallow the pill without water; it may
get stuck in your throat.
Surround Bao quanh The beautiful garden is surrounded by a high stone wall.
Utterly Hoàn toàn The landscape was utterly transformed after the volcanic
eruption.
Adept Thạo đời The chef was adept at creating exquisite dishes.
Entertain Giải trí The magician's tricks entertained the audience throughout
the show.
Mission Nhiệm vụ Our mission is to provide education for underprivileged

children.
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Persuade Thuyết phục The speaker used convincing arguments to persuade the
audience to support the cause.
Endure Chịu đựng The ancient ruins have endured for centuries, standing as
a testament to the past civilization.
Deny Từ chối The suspect denied any involvement in the crime.
Apprehensive Lo lắng She was apprehensive about the upcoming exam.
Mutually Lẫn nhau : The two countries agreed to mutually beneficial trade
agreements.
Disrupt Phá vỡ The noisy construction work disrupted the peace of the
neighborhood.
Unravel Giải mã The detective worked tirelessly to unravel the mystery

behind the crime.
Eliminate Loại bỏ The vaccine helped to eliminate the spread of the disease.
Affect Tác động The sudden news affected him deeply, and he couldn't
concentrate on his work.
Combat Chiến đấu The government is taking measures to combat corruption

in the country.
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Halting Trình bày chậm His halting speech indicated his nervousness while
speaking in public.
Distaste Không thích She expressed her distaste for spicy food and preferred
mild flavors.
Enthusiasm Hăng hái The students showed great enthusiasm for the upcoming
school trip.
Neonatal Liên quan đến The hospital has a specialized unit for neonatal care.
trẻ sơ sinh
Coated Phủ lớp The walls of the building were coated with a special paint
to resist weather damage.
Cocktail Pha chế : The bartender skillfully mixed a variety of ingredients to

create a delicious cocktail.
PASSAGE 3
Revered Tôn kính The ancient temple was revered by the local community.
Empirical Thực nghiệm The scientist conducted empirical studies to gather data
for the research
Trait Đặc điểm Honesty is considered a positive trait in a person's

character.
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Possess Sở hữu He was known to possess great knowledge in the field of
physics.
Exceptional Đặc biệt Her talent for playing the piano was truly exceptional.
Contextual Theo ngữ cảnh The meaning of a word can change depending on its
contextual use.
Unfolds Triển khai The story unfolds in a series of unexpected events.
Enhance Nâng cao Regular exercise can enhance overall physical fitness.
Challenging Thách thức Solving a complex puzzle can be challenging but

rewarding.
Foster Khuyến khích The teacher aims to foster a positive learning environment
in the classroom.
Experiential Trải nghiệm The program offers experiential learning opportunities for
students.
Intellectual Trí tuệ The professor delivered an intellectual lecture on

quantum mechanics.
Sensitivity Nhạy cảm The professor delivered an intellectual lecture on

quantum mechanics.
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Compromise Thỏa hiệp In negotiations, both parties need to be willing to
compromise to reach an agreement.
Framework Khung The new educational framework focuses on project based

learning.
Perspective Quan điểm Different people may have different perspectives on the
same issue.
Unresolved Chưa được giải The conflict between the two parties remained
quyết unresolved.
Rely Dựa vào She can rely on her best friend for support in difficult
times.
Affective Liên quan đến The affective domain of learning involves emotions and
cảm xúc attitudes.
Forgiveness Sự tha thứ Learning to forgive others can bring peace and healing
Cognitive Nhận thức The study explores the cognitive processes involved in
decision making.
Conceptual Khái niệm The artist expressed complex ideas through conceptual
art.
Generalized Tổng quát The researcher found generalized patterns in the data.
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Remarkable Đáng chú ý His ability to memorize long passages was truly
remarkable.
Affective Cảm tính The teacher's affective approach helped students feel
motivated to learn.
Crystallized Có cấu trúc The test measures the individual's crystallized

intelligence.
Forgiveness Sự tha thứ Learning to forgive others can bring peace and healing.
Likelihood Khả năng There is a high likelihood of rain this afternoon.
Understanding Hiểu biết The lawyer provided a clear understanding of the legal
situation.
Emotion Cảm xúc The movie evoked strong emotions in the audience.
Reading test 3
PASSAGE 1
Shipbuilding has evolved significantly over the centuries,

Shipbuilding Đóng tàu incorporating advanced engineering techniques.
Computers have revolutionized various industries,

Computers Máy tính enhancing productivity and efficiency.
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The sophisticated design of the new smartphone
Sophisticated Tinh vi impressed the tech enthusiasts.
The art exhibition showcased stunning paintings and

Art Nghệ thuật sculptures from renowned artists.
With careful estimation, the project timeline was

Estimation Ước tính successfully managed.
She inherited her grandmother's antique jewelry

Inherited Kế thừa collection.
His personal experiences shaped his perspective on life

Personal Cá nhân and relationships.
Through years of dedicated practice, she gained valuable

Experience Kinh nghiệm experience as a professional dancer.
The written instructions provided clear guidance on

Written Viết assembling the furniture.
The historical documents revealed fascinating insights

Documents Tài liệu into the ancient civilization.
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The book provided detailed descriptions of various exotic
Descriptions Mô tả locations.
The artist's representations of nature were both vivid and

Representations Biểu tượng captivating.
Archaeologists carefully excavated the ancient ruins to

Excavated Khai quật uncover their secrets.
The chef demonstrated various cooking techniques during

Techniques Kỹ thuật the culinary class.
Mortise (Pháp The carpenter used a mortise and tenon joint to create a
Mortise lệnh) sturdy furniture piece.
The carpenter carefully crafted the tenon joint to ensure a

sturdy and durable connection between the two wooden
Tenon Tenon (Hàm) beams.
The mechanic assembled the different components of the

Components Bộ phận engine with precision.
The merchant traveled far and wide to trade goods with

Merchant Thương gia distant lands.
The team's performance was unequalled, earning them the

Unequalled Vô song championship title.
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Modern technology has superseded traditional methods in
Superseded Thay thế many industries.
The lightweight material made the backpack easy to carry

Lightweight Nhẹ on long hikes.
The naval fleet was well-prepared for any potential

Naval Hải quân threats.
The battering ram was used to breach the enemy's fortress

Battering ram Đầu đập walls.
The skilled oarsmen rowed in perfect synchronization to

Oarsmen Thủy thủ move the boat swiftly.
The picturesque coast offered stunning views of the

Coast Bờ biển ocean.
The stability of the bridge ensured safe passage for

Stability Ổn định vehicles.
The captain skillfully maneuvered the ship using the

Rudders Tay lái rudders.
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The stern of the ship was adorned with an intricate
Stern Đuôi (tàu) carving.
Coordinating the team's efforts resulted in a successful

Coordinating Điều phối project completion.
The recognizable landmark served as a navigational point

Recognisable Nhận biết for sailors.
PASSAGE 2
The ancient city's architecture provided a glimpse into the

Ancient Cổ đại past, with its majestic temples and grand palaces.
The climate in the tropical rainforest is characterized by

high temperatures, heavy rainfall, and abundant
Climate Khí hậu biodiversity.
The reliable internet connection allowed the team to

conduct a seamless video conference with clients from
Reliable Đáng tin cậy different countries.
The farmer proudly displayed the fresh produce harvested

Fresh Tươi mát from his fields at the local market.
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The preservation of the historic landmark involved
Preservation Bảo tồn meticulous restoration and ongoing maintenance.
The degradation of the coral reef was evident as the once-

Degradation Sự suy giảm vibrant ecosystem became bleached and lifeless.
Environmental activists marched through the city,

Environmental Môi trường demanding immediate action to address climate change.
Unpredictabilit Không thể dự The unpredictability of the weather made it challenging to

y đoán plan outdoor activities during the vacation.
The hikers felt exposed to the elements as they camped in

Exposed Tiếp xúc the open wilderness under the starry night sky.
The well-preserved fossils found in the ancient sediment

Well-preserved Giữ được tốt provided valuable insights into prehistoric life.
Archaeologists carefully excavated the ancient site to

Archaeologists Nhà khảo cổ học uncover hidden treasures from prehistory.
The patches on the old artifact revealed its history of

Patches Mảng đất repairs and use.
238
Reindeer herders relied on their deep knowledge of the
Reindeer Tuần lộc land to guide their nomadic lifestyle.
Hunters tracked their prey through the dense forest, using

Hunters Người săn bắn traditional methods passed down through generations.
Trade between distant civilizations enriched their cultures

Trade Buôn bán with new goods and ideas.
The stationary weather patterns created a prolonged dry

Stationary Tĩnh spell, causing drought in the region.
The ancient vase was so fragile that even the slightest

Fragile Dễ vỡ touch could cause it to shatter.
Over time, the old documents disintegrated into a pile of

Disintegrated Đã phân hủy. delicate, crumbling pages.
The temperature in the city was relatively cooler

Relatively Tương đối compared to the scorching heat of the desert.
As the enemy's forces grew stronger, the soldiers had no

Retreating Rút lui choice but to start retreating from the battlefield.
239
Frost- Bị ảnh hưởng The frost-weathered cliffs displayed unique patterns of
weathered bởi đá sông erosion caused by freezing temperatures.
The permafrost in the Arctic region acts as a natural

Permafrost Đất đông lạnh freezer, preserving ancient plant and animal remains.
The archaeologists carefully cataloged and studied the

Artefacts Hiện vật artefacts found at the excavation site.
Radiocarbon- Đoạn từng hạt C- Using radiocarbon-dated techniques, scientists

dated 14 determined the age of the ancient wooden artifact.
The warm spring sun thawed the frozen lake, allowing

Thawed Đã nứt nẻ boats to sail through its clear waters.
The glacial landscape was a mesmerizing sight, with

Glacial Băng hà massive ice formations reflecting the sunlight.
As they climbed higher in elevation, the air became

Elevation Độ cao thinner, making each step more challenging.
The breathtaking fjords of Scandinavia offered stunning

Scandinavia Bắc Âu views of steep cliffs and tranquil waters.
Venturing into the dense forest, the explorers sought to

uncover the mysteries of the ancient prehistory that once
Venturing Liều mạo thrived in the region.
Prehistory Tiền sử In prehistory, human civilizations relied on primitive

tools and lived in close harmony with nature, leaving
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behind fascinating artifacts that offer glimpses into their
ancient ways of life.
PASSAGE 3
Genetic research has uncovered new insights into

Genetic Di truyền inherited diseases.
Climate change is a pressing global issue that requires

Climate Khí hậu urgent action.
The immediate response from the emergency services

Response Phản ứng saved lives during the disaster.
Researchers are conducting experiments to understand the

Researchers Nhà nghiên cứu effects of a new drug.
Agricultural practices play a crucial role in ensuring food

Agricultural Nông nghiệp security for the growing population.
Internal conflicts within the organization are affecting

Internal Nội bộ productivity and morale.
Knowledge sharing among team members enhances

Knowledge Kiến thức collaboration and problem-solving.
241
The potential for renewable energy sources to replace
Potential Tiềm năng fossil fuels is significant.
Advanced technologies can accelerate the development of

Accelerate Thúc đẩy innovative solutions.
Sensing devices detect environmental changes and trigger

Sensing Cảm nhận automated responses.
website's responsive design automatically adjusts to

Responsive Tích cực different devices for a seamless user experience.
The GPS pinpoints the location of the lost hiker in the

Pinpoints Xác định dense forest.
The mechanism of the clock allows it to chime at regular

Mechanism Cơ chế intervals.
The triggering of the alarm alerts the security team to

Triggering Kích hoạt potential intruders.
The mechanism of photosynthesis in plants yields

Yields Sản lượng oxygen, which is essential for all living beings.
242
Thermal insulation keeps the house warm during cold
Thermal Nhiệt winter months.
The switches control the lights and electronic devices in

Switches Công tắc the smart home system.
Selective breeding in agriculture aims to develop crops

Breeding Nuôi cấy with improved yield and resistance to diseases.
The sun gradually set, casting a beautiful array of colors

Gradually Dần dần across the sky.
Thermo- Thermo-sensing technology automatically adjusts the

sensing Phản ứng nhiệt room temperature based on occupancy.
The rising unemployment rate is an indicator of economic

Indicator Chỉ thị challenges.
The artist's sensitivity to light and shadow brings depth to

Sensitivity Độ nhạy their paintings.
The team co-opted the competitor's idea to improve their

Co-opted Hợp tác product.
243
Rhyme Vần thơ The poem's verses flowed with a perfect rhyme scheme.
After years of hard work, the project reached its

Culmination Đỉnh điểm culmination with a successful launch.
The surgeon made precise incisions during the delicate

Precise Chính xác procedure.
The building's design is resilient, capable of withstanding

Resilient Kiên cố earthquakes and strong winds.
Reading test 4
PASSAGE 1
The Persians, an ancient civilization, lived in present-day

Persians Người Ba Tư Iran.
They were known for their reliable water supply methods

Lived Sống to sustain settlements in dry areas.
The Persians introduced the qanat method, a

Reliable Đáng tin cậy groundbreaking tunnel construction technique.
244
This method involved placing posts in a straight line to
guide the tunnel's route and digging vertical shafts at
Supply Cung cấp intervals.
Underground workers removed the earth to create the

Settlements Khu định cư tunnel, using the shafts for ventilation and soil removal.
Once completed, the tunnels allowed water to flow from

Early Sớm hilltops to canals, supplying water for human use.
The Persians' qanats, built 2,700 years ago, are still in use
Introduced Giới thiệu today, a remarkable testament to their engineering.
The legacy of their innovative water supply systems

Method Phương pháp influenced later civilizations like the Romans.
The early Persians' ingenuity in tunnel construction

Tunnel Đường hầm remains an important part of ancient history.
Their completed tunnels are a testament to their advanced

Completed Hoàn thành engineering and commitment to sustainable water supply.
Many ancient civilizations, such as the Egyptians and

Civilizations Nền văn minh Greeks, left remarkable architectural legacies.
245
The construction of massive pyramids in Egypt
Construction Xây dựng showcased their advanced engineering skills.
Engineers had to calculate precise measurements to

Calculate Tính toán ensure the structural stability of the pyramids.
The Greeks' architectural influence can be seen in their

Influence Ảnh hưởng use of columns and temple designs.
The technique of using arches and vaults in Roman

Technique Kỹ thuật architecture revolutionized construction methods.
Remarkably, Roman aqueducts carried water over vast

Remarkably Đáng chú ý distances, demonstrating their engineering prowess.
The accumulated knowledge of these ancient civilizations

Knowledge Kiến thức laid the foundation for future advancements.
Agriculture played a vital role in the prosperity of many

Agriculture Nông nghiệp ancient societies.
Geology influenced the choice of building materials and

Geology Địa chất học locations for cities and structures.
Errors in construction were often corrected during the

Corrected Sửa đổi building process to ensure safety and stability.
246
Practical considerations were essential in designing

Practical Thực tế structures for everyday use.
Sometimes construction plans deviated due to unforeseen

Deviated Sai lệch challenges or changing requirements.
Inscriptions on ancient monuments provided valuable

Inscription Bia historical and cultural information.
Mineral extraction was a significant economic activity in

Extraction Khai thác various ancient civilizations.
The use of vertical shafts and tunnels allowed miners to

Vertical Dọc extract valuable resources from the earth.
Patrons and rulers often supported architectural projects

Patron Bảo trợ to showcase their wealth and power.
Architects played a crucial role in designing and

Architect Kiến trúc sư overseeing the construction of impressive structures.
Ancient civilizations excavated complex underground

Excavated Khai quật systems, such as catacombs and tunnels.
Adequate ventilation was crucial for workers' safety

Ventilation Quạt thông gió during construction in confined spaces.
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PASSAGE 2
Look out the window to enjoy the scenic views during the
Look Nhìn flight.
The next stop on our itinerary is a beautiful tropical

Next Tiếp theo island.
Plane Máy bay The plane took off smoothly and soared high in the sky.
Trip Chuyến đi We had a fantastic trip to the mountains last summer.
The babies giggled and played with their toys in the

Babies Em bé nursery.
Younger Trẻ nhỏ hơn The younger children happily ran around the playground.
The children were excited to visit the zoo and see the
Children Trẻ em animals.
I love to read adventure novels that transport me to

Read Đọc different worlds.
248
All the students were eager to participate in the science
All Tất cả experiment.
The excitement was all over the room as they unwrapped

Over Qua their presents.
Parents play a crucial role in nurturing and guiding their

Parents Phụ huynh children's growth.
Passengers patiently waited for the announcement of their

Passengers Hành khách boarding gate.
The flotilla of boats sailed gracefully on the calm waters

Flotilla Đoàn tàu of the lake.
The invisible force of gravity keeps us firmly on the

Invisible Vô hình ground.
Game- Thay đổi trò The invention of the internet was a game-changing
changing chơi moment in history.
Neuronal connections in the brain are responsible for

Neuronal Thần kinh various cognitive functions.
249
Electrical signals travel through the circuit to power
Circuit Mạch điện electronic devices.
The brain is a complex organ that controls our thoughts,

Brain Não emotions, and actions.
With the advancement of technology, information is now

Rapidly Nhanh chóng accessible rapidly.
Pre-reading activities help prepare children for formal

Pre-reading Đọc trước reading instruction.
The acquisition of language skills is a critical milestone in

Acquisition Thu thập early childhood.
Literacy empowers individuals to access knowledge and

Literacy Biết chữ opportunities.
The mechanism behind how the human body regulates

Mechanism Cơ chế temperature is fascinating.
Decoding unfamiliar words is a skill developed through

Decoding Giải mã reading practice.
250
The implications of climate change are evident in extreme
Implications Hậu quả weather events.
Intellectual curiosity drives scientific exploration and

Intellectual Trí tuệ discoveries.
Affective learning experiences can deeply influence

Affective Ảnh hưởng emotional development.
Complex thought processes are involved in problem-

Processes Quá trình solving and decision-making.
Ethical values are internalized by individuals through

Internalized Nội hóa upbringing and education.
Analogical reasoning allows us to draw connections

Analogical Tương tự between seemingly unrelated concepts.
PASSAGE 3
Look around and admire the beautiful scenery on your

Look Nhìn next hiking trip.
251
We are planning a road trip to the mountains for the
Trip Chuyến đi summer vacation.
The nursery is full of adorable babies giggling and

Babies Trẻ sơ sinh cooing.
Toddlers love to explore and touch everything they see

Toddlers Trẻ tập đi around them.
She loves to read novels and gets lost in the world of

Read Đọc imagination.
The kids are playing happily in the playground during

Kids Trẻ em recess.
Let's play some board games together to have a fun

Games Trò chơi family night.
The brain is a complex organ responsible for processing

Brain Não information and emotions.
I like to read books that challenge my thinking and

Read Đọc expand my knowledge.
As an adult, you have the freedom to make your own

Adult Người lớn decisions and choices.
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The pacifier helped soothe the crying baby and gave the
Pacifier Bình an trị liệu parents some relief.
School-aged children are excited to start a new academic

School-aged Tuổi học sinh year with their friends.
She skimmed through the magazine quickly to find the

Skim Xem qua article she was looking for.
Unbeknown to him, his friends were planning a surprise

Unbeknown Bất biết birthday party.
Liên kết thần Neuronal connections in the brain are crucial for
Neuronal kinh transmitting information.
The electronic circuit controls the functioning of the

Circuit Mạch điện não device.
The implications of the new policy are yet to be fully

Implications Hậu quả understood.
Khoa học thần Neurosciences research aims to understand the

Neurosciences kinh complexities of the nervous system.
Trình độ chữ Literacy rates have improved significantly over the past
Literacy viết decade in the country.
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Decoding encrypted messages requires advanced
Decoding Giải mã cryptographic knowledge.
The transformation of the caterpillar into a butterfly is a

Transformation Biến đổi remarkable process.
The scientist elaborated on the intricate details of the

Elaborated Phát triển experiment.
Intellectual discussions help broaden one's understanding

Intellectual Trí tuệ of various subjects.
Tác động cảm Expressing emotions through art can be a powerful

Affective xúc affective experience.
Perspective- Perspective-taking allows us to see things from others'

taking Có quan điểm points of view.
Technological innovation has revolutionized many

Innovation Đổi mới aspects of our lives.
Comprehension of complex theories requires deep

Comprehension Hiểu biết concentration and analysis.
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The sequencing of events in the novel adds to its suspense
Sequencing Xếp hàng and intrigue.
The reconstruction of the historical site aimed to preserve

Reconstruction Tái tạo its cultural heritage.
Collateral damage during the war affected innocent

Collateral Bất ngờ civilians and their homes.
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CAMBRIDGE 17
Reading test 1
PASSAGE 1
Những người Environmental advocates work tirelessly to protect our

Advocates ủng hộ planet and promote sustainable practices.
The team is brainstorming to find a viable solution to the

Solution Giải pháp complex problem.
Heavy traffic during rush hour can be frustrating for

Traffic Giao thông commuters.
Charles is a talented artist known for his exquisite

Charles Charles paintings.
The railway system efficiently connects different cities

Railway Đường sắt and towns.
Overground trains offer a scenic view of the countryside

Overground Trên mặt đất during the journey.
256
The central stations in London are bustling hubs for
Stations Các nhà ga travelers and commuters.
London is a vibrant city with a rich history and diverse

London Luân Đôn culture.
Efforts are being made to improve living conditions in the

Slums Khu ổ chuột slums and provide better opportunities for residents.
They found a cheap and convenient way to travel without

Cheap Rẻ compromising on comfort.
Many families prefer to live in the suburbs for a quieter

Suburbs Ngoại ô and more spacious environment.
The members of parliament debated the proposed bill for

Parliament Quốc hội hours before reaching a decision.
The team will construct a new building to accommodate

Construct Xây dựng the growing workforce.
The artist's radical approach to painting sparked

Radical Cực đoan controversy among art critics.
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Her critical feedback on the project helped improve its
Critical Chính trị overall quality.
The government launched a scheme to promote

Scheme Kế hoạch renewable energy sources.
Due to poor maintenance, the old building eventually

Collapsed Sụp đổ collapsed.
The emissions from factories contribute to air pollution

Emissions Khí thải and environmental issues.
The construction of the new bridge is progressing

Construction Xây dựng smoothly and on schedule.
The workers dug a deep trench to lay the foundation for

Trench Mương the water pipeline.
The artist used a unique technique to create mesmerizing

Technique Kỹ thuật art pieces.
They are demolishing the old structure to make way for a

Demolishing Phá hủy modern facility.
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The tunnel provides a convenient shortcut for commuters
Tunnel Hầm during rush hours.
The successful operation saved many lives during the

Operation Vận hành emergency situation.
The extensions to the highway aim to reduce traffic

Extensions Mở rộng congestion in the city.
The traffic congestion in the city was so severe that it

Congestion Ùn tắc took me twice as long to reach my destination.
As an alternative solution, they proposed a different

Alternative Lựa chọn khác approach to the problem.
The confined space posed challenges for the workers

Confined Hạn chế during the renovation.
The new software update is more reliable and offers

Reliable Đáng tin cậy enhanced features.
The technical team solved the complex issue with their

Technical Kỹ thuật expertise and skills.
PASSAGE 2
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Among all the students, she stood out with her
Among Trong số exceptional academic performance.
The archaeologists uncovered an ancient burial site dating

Ancient Cổ xưa back over 2,000 years.
The city centre is bustling with shops, restaurants, and

Centre Trung tâm entertainment venues.
The construction of the new bridge is expected to be

Construction Xây dựng completed by the end of the year.
The festival celebrates the rich culture and traditions of

Culture Văn hóa the local community.
The public is invited to attend the town hall meeting to

Public Công cộng voice their opinions on the new project.
He is widely regarded as one of the greatest artists of his

Regarded Được coi là generation.
The enthusiastic spectators cheered loudly as their team

Spectators Khán giả scored the winning goal.
The stadiums were packed with excited fans eager to

Stadiums Sân vận động watch the championship match.
The urban landscape is constantly evolving with new

Urban Đô thị skyscrapers and infrastructure projects.
260
The modern architecture of the building incorporates eco-

Architecture Kiến trúc friendly design elements.
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Despite the harsh weather conditions, the ancient fortress

Endured Chịu đựng endured for centuries.
The company's innovative approach to product

Innovative Đổi mới development led to its success in the market.
The artist intended to convey a message of hope and unity

Intended Nhằm mục đích through their artwork.
As she immersed herself in the novel, she was absorbed

Absorbed Tiếp thu in the captivating storyline.
The national park is dedicated to the conservation of

Conservation Bảo tồn endangered species.
The bridge was reinforced to withstand the heavy traffic

Reinforced Cốt liệu and earthquakes.
261
The cozy cafe is nestled among the beautiful surrounding
Surrounding Xung quanh hills and forests.
The company's commitment to sustainable practices has

Sustainable Bền vững earned them several environmental awards.
Multi- The multi-functionality of the smartphone allows users to

functionality Đa chức năng perform various tasks with ease.
The photovoltaic panels on the rooftop generate clean

Photovoltaic Quang điện energy for the entire building.
The speech emphasizes the importance of teamwork and

Emphasizes Nhấn mạnh collaboration in achieving success.
The aspiring artist seeks to emulate the painting

Emulate Bắt chước techniques of the renowned masters.
The educational program had a positive impact on the

Impact Tác động students' academic performance.
The new art gallery was inaugurated with a grand opening

Inaugurated Khai trương ceremony.
262
Liên kết với The interconnected network of computers allows
Interconnected nhau seamless data sharing among team members.
The singer's performance was notably impressive, earning

Notably Đáng chú ý a standing ovation from the audience.
Có ảnh hưởng The benefits of regular exercise far outweigh the risks of
Outweigh lớn a sedentary lifestyle.
The versatile actor effortlessly transitions between

Versatile Đa năng comedic and dramatic roles.
PASSAGE 3
His arrival at the airport was greeted with a warm

Arrival Sự đến welcome from the enthusiastic crowd.
The brave soldier managed to capture the enemy spy and

Capture Bắt giữ obtain crucial information.
The two companies reached a favorable deal that would

Deal Giao kèo benefit both parties involved.
263
Despite their best efforts, the team was defeated in the
Defeated Bị đánh bại championship match.
The stranded hiker felt desperate as night fell in the

Desperate Tuyệt vọng wilderness.
The report provided a detailed analysis of the company's

Detail Chi tiết financial performance.
The region's economy relies heavily on its agricultural

Agricultural Nông nghiệp sector for sustenance.
The main character in the novel undergoes a profound

Character Nhân vật transformation throughout the story.
The complexity of the scientific experiment required

Complexity Tính phức tạp skilled researchers to conduct it.
The stand-up comedian's humor had the audience

Humour Hài hước laughing uncontrollably.
The government launched various initiatives to improve

Initiatives Sáng kiến education and healthcare.
264
A monument was built to memorialize the soldiers who
Memorialise Tưởng niệm sacrificed their lives in the war.
The country transitioned from a monarchy to a republican

Republican Cộng hòa form of government.
The spy used subterfuge to obtain classified information

Subterfuge Mánh khóe from the enemy.
The community showed great sympathy for the victims of

Sympathy Đồng cảm the natural disaster.
The tantalizing aroma of freshly baked bread filled the

Tantalising Lôi cuốn air.
The children were treated to a day of fun at the

Treat Đối xử amusement park.
The renowned artist was commissioned to paint a portrait

Commissioned Được ủy nhiệm of the royal family.
The courtiers attended to the king's every need at the

Courtiers Quý tộc grand event.
The magician's impressive tricks left the audience in awe

Impressive Ấn tượng and wonder.
265
The detective used clever disguise to go undercover and

Disguise Che đậy solve the case.
The prisoner managed to plan his escapes from the high-

Escapes Trốn thoát security prison.
The fugitive was on the run, evading capture from the

Fugitive Kẻ lưu vong authorities.
The artist was commissioned to create an enormous mural

Commissioned Được ủy nhiệm for the city's art festival.
The skyscraper was an enormous structure that dominated

Enormous To lớn the city skyline.
The fierce competition brought out the best in the

Fierce Hung hãn athletes.
Fugitives Fugitives The police pursued the fugitives in a high-speed chase.
The book is a memoir that memorializes the author's life

Memoralise Tưởng niệm experiences.
The idea of traveling to the moon was once considered

Preposterous Quái đản preposterous but became a reality.
266
Her recollections of the past brought back memories of
Recollections Kỷ niệm her childhood.
Reading test 2
PASSAGE 1
The archaeological dig in the ancient area revealed many

Area Khu vực artifacts.
The renowned archaeologist made significant discoveries

Archaeologist Nhà khảo cổ học at the excavation site.
The curious child asked endless questions about the

Curious Tò mò strange object.
The report provided intricate details of the research

Details Chi tiết findings.
The existence of rare species in the forest was confirmed

Existence Tồn tại by the scientists.
The university professors conducted an engaging lecture

Professors Giáo sư on historical events.
267
Inhabitants Dân cư The island's inhabitants have lived there for generations.
The long journey across the desert was filled with

Journey Hành trình adventures.
Treasure Kho báu The treasure chest was hidden deep within the old castle.
The lost artifact was finally recovered during the

Recovered Khôi phục expedition.
The academic conference attracted scholars from around

Academic Học thuật the world.
The creative advertisement caught the attention of many

Advertisement Quảng cáo potential customers.
The town organized elaborate celebrations to mark the

Celebrations Lễ kỷ niệm festival.
Chiselled Chạm khắc The intricate design was chiselled onto the stone pillar.
The dish was a delicious combination of flavors and

Combination Kết hợp textures.
268
The ancient manuscripts provided valuable insights into
Manuscripts Bản thảo history.
The two countries negotiated a trade deal to benefit both

Negociated Đàm phán economies.
The narrow passage led to a hidden chamber in the

Passage Lối đi ancient temple.
Scientists presented various hypotheses to explain the

Hypotheses Giả thuyết mysterious phenomenon.
The company followed strict regulations to ensure

Regulations Quy định product safety.
Antiquity Đồ cổ The archaeological site contained artifacts from antiquity.
Bible Kinh thánh He always carries his Bible to church.
The encrypted message was deciphered by the code-

Deciphered Giải mã breakers.
Devout Sùng đạo The devout followers gathered at the temple for prayer.
269
The handwritten manuscript was carefully preserved on
Manuscript Bản thảo parchment.
The medieval document was written on parchment, a

Parchment Giấy da thú material made from animal skin.
The prevailing theory suggests that climate change is a

Prevaling Thịnh hành significant factor.
The respected statesman played a crucial role in the peace

Statesman Chính trị gia negotiations.
Theorized Lý giả Scientists theorized about the origin of the universe.
Pillaged Cướp bóc The ancient ruins were pillaged by treasure hunters.
PASSAGE 2
The scientific approach to studying the human brain

Approach Tiếp cận involves using advanced imaging techniques.
The recent changes in the company's management

Changes Biến đổi structure have led to improved efficiency.
270
A healthy diet rich in fruits and vegetables is considered
Desirable Mong muốn desirable for overall well-being.
The cultural diversity of the city is reflected in its cuisine,

Diversity Đa dạng traditions, and festivals.
Dogs have been domesticated for thousands of years,

Domesticated Thuần hóa becoming loyal companions to humans.
Regular exercise is essential for enhancing physical

Enhancing Nâng cao fitness and mental well-being.
The ripe fruit on the tree was ready to be picked and

Fruit Trái cây enjoyed.
The once tiny sapling has now grown into a tall, majestic
Grown Trưởng thành tree.
Oranges are a good source of vitamin C, which boosts the

Vitamin Vitamin immune system.
The new wheat strain developed by scientists is resistant

Strain Cepa to common diseases.
271
Biologists study various organisms to understand their
Biologists Sinh học học behavior and characteristics.
The editing process involves revising and improving the

Editing Biên tập written content of a document.
Genetic research has helped unravel the mysteries of

Genetic Di truyền heredity and inheritance.
Lycopene is a powerful antioxidant found in tomatoes,

Lycopene Lycopene giving them their red color.
Mutations can lead to genetic variations and drive the

Mutations Đột biến process of evolution.
The new technology has the potential to revolutionize the

Potential Tiềm năng healthcare industry.
Regulatory agencies ensure that products meet safety and

Regulatory Quy định quality standards.
The relative humidity in the region affects the climate and

Relative Họ hàng weather conditions.
Some plants are tolerant of harsh conditions and can

Tolerant Dễ chịu survive in challenging environments.
Some bacteria have developed resistance to antibiotics,

Resistant Kháng cự posing a serious health concern.
272
The augmented reality game catapulted to the top of the

Augmented Tăng lên app charts.
The unexpected success of their new product catapulted

Catapulted Ném mạnh the small startup company to fame and fortune.
During the drought, farmers faced challenges in

Drought Hạn hán maintaining their crops.
Gao's research has contributed valuable insights to the

Gao Gao field of genetics.
The genome sequencing project provided a

Genome Bộ gen comprehensive understanding of the human DNA.
Groundcherries, also known as Physalis, are a popular

Groundcherry Cào cào fruit in some regions.
The physalis fruit, also known as cape gooseberry, has a

papery outer husk and a sweet, juicy orange-colored
Hoa quả interior. It is used in various culinary applications and is a
Physalis Physalis popular fruit in certain regions.
Lúa miền nhiệt Sorghum is a versatile crop used for food, animal feed,
Sorghum đới and biofuel production.
273
The sprawling city has expanded rapidly over the years,
Sprawling Bành trướng covering a large area.
Phát triển mạnh With determination and hard work, he managed to thrive
Thrive mẽ in his chosen career.
PASSAGE 3
Scientific research is crucial for advancing our

Scientific Khoa học understanding of the natural world.
Intellectuals from various fields gathered to discuss the

Intellectual Trí thức latest discoveries and ideas.
Their efforts to find a cure for the disease resulted in a

Efforts Nỗ lực groundbreaking medical breakthrough.
Her insightful analysis of the data led to a new hypothesis

Insight Hiểu biết about the phenomenon.
The real challenge lies in implementing these solutions on

Real Thực tế a global scale.
Human behavior is a complex subject, influenced by a

Human Nhân loại multitude of factors.
274
The beauty of nature can be found in the mesmerizing
Nature Tính chất landscapes and diverse wildlife.
The team conducted a series of trials to test the

Trial Thử nghiệm effectiveness of the new treatment.
Despite the initial error, they were able to rectify the

Error Sai lầm mistake and achieve success.
Artificial intelligence is revolutionizing many industries

Intelligent Trí tuệ with its intelligent algorithms.
Một cách khoa The hypothesis was scientifically tested and proven
Scientifically học through rigorous experimentation.
He postulated a new theory to explain the observed

Postulated Giả định phenomenon.
The cumulative effects of small changes over time led to

Cumulative Tích lũy a significant transformation.
Her fanciful imagination often inspired creative works of

Fanciful Tưởng tượng art.
275
Scientists proposed various theories to explain the
Theories Lý thuyết mysterious phenomenon.
The speculations about the origin of the ancient artifact

Speculations Suy đoán intrigued historians.
The author introduced a novel concept in the field of

Novel Mới lạ artificial intelligence.
She managed to conceive a groundbreaking idea for a

Conceive Sinh con sustainable energy source.
The study of animal behaviors provides valuable insights

Behaviors Hành vi into their habitats.
Sự tình cờ tốt The discovery of penicillin was a result of serendipity in

Serendipity đẹp Alexander Fleming's lab.
Their endeavor to build a sustainable community was met

Endeavor Nỗ lực with challenges and triumphs.
The new technology aims to pave the way for a greener

Pave Đổ nền future.
276
The experiment yielded phenomenally positive results,
Phenomenally Phi thường exceeding all expectations.
The banal routine of everyday life can sometimes be

Banal Bình thường broken by exciting events.
The mechanistic explanation of the machine's operation

Mechanistic Cơ chế was detailed in the manual.
The enduring legacy of his work continues to influence

Enduring Bền vững generations of artists.
The provenance of the ancient artifact was traced back to

Provenance Nguồn gốc ancient Egypt.
Her naive belief in magic made her view the world with
Naive Ngây thơ wonder.
The cumulative impact of pollution on the environment is

Cumulative Tích lũy a growing concern.
Không được His unheralded contributions to the field of mathematics

Unheralded đánh giá cao were later recognized and celebrated.
Reading test 3
PASSAGE 1
277
Extinct Tuyệt chủng The dodo bird is an example of an extinct species.
Paleontologists discovered a well-preserved fossil of a

Fossil Hóa thạch dinosaur.
The population of certain bird species started to decline

Decline Suy giảm due to habitat loss.
The red fox was introduced to Australia by European

Introduced Giới thiệu settlers.
The long neck of a giraffe is an adaptation that helps them

Adaptation Sự thích nghi reach leaves on tall trees.
Prey Mồi Lions often prey on zebras and wildebeests in the wild.
The breeding season for sea turtles is a critical time for

Breeding Sinh sản their survival.
The bear made its lair in a cozy cave for hibernation

Lair Hang ẩn during the winter.
Động vật săn

Predator mồi Lions are apex predators in the African savannah.
278
The extinction of certain species is a concerning issue in
Extinction Tuyệt chủng today's world.
The mountain climbers faced treacherous terrain as they

Terrain Địa hình ascended the peak.
Nocturnal Ban đêm Owls are nocturnal creatures, active during the night.
Kangaroos are marsupials, carrying their young in a

Marsupial Động vật túi pouch.
The zebra's black and white stripes provide camouflage in

Stripes Sọc the grasslands.
The extermination of invasive species is crucial to protect

Extermination Diệt trừ native wildlife.
Due to the scarcity of resources, the animals had to

Scarcity Sự khan hiếm migrate in search of food.
The museum displayed various specimens of rare

Specimens Mẫu vật minerals.
279
The distemper outbreak among dogs led to several deaths
Distemper Bệnh cảm cúm in the neighborhood.
Các cuộc thám The scientific expeditions aimed to explore remote

Expeditions hiểm regions and study wildlife.
Rõ ràng, xác The discovery of fossilized bones provided definitive

Definitive định evidence of a new dinosaur species.
The signs of increased seismic activity were clear

Indications Dấu hiệu indications of an impending volcanic eruption.
Dữ dội, không The relentless efforts of conservationists led to the

Relentless ngừng nghỉ recovery of the endangered species.
Thợ săn tiền Bounty hunters were hired to capture dangerous criminals
Bounty hunters thưởng in the Wild West.
Được đánh dấu

ngày tháng The age of the ancient artifact was determined through
Well-dated chính xác well-dated archaeological methods.
280
The discovery of ancient inscriptions ascribed to an
Được quy cho, unknown civilization sparked excitement among
Ascribed gán cho researchers.
Được diễn tả, The artist expressed his emotions through the beautiful
Expressed bày tỏ paintings.
Marie Curie's groundbreaking research on radioactivity

Notable Đáng chú ý made her a notable figure in the scientific community.
Prime breeding Mùa sinh sản Spring is the prime breeding season for many bird
season chính species.
Captive Mẫu vật được The zoo keeps captive specimens of endangered animals
specimens giam cầm to protect them from extinction.
Tigers are carnivorous predators, hunting for their prey in

Carnivorous Ăn thịt the jungle.
PASSAGE 2
The rainforest is teeming with diverse plant and animal

Rainforest Rừng nhiệt đới species.
281
Đa dạng sinh Conservation efforts are crucial to protect the rich
Biodiversity học biodiversity of the coral reefs.
The delicious chocolate cake was consumed quickly by

Consumed Tiêu thụ the guests at the party.
The picturesque scenery of the mountains was attractive

Attractive Hấp dẫn to tourists from all over the world.
Having a stable job with a good salary is considered an

Ideal Lý tưởng ideal situation for many people.
The packaged snacks were neatly arranged on the store

Packaged Đóng gói shelves for customers to grab easily.
This traditional recipe has been preserved in our family

Shelf Kệ for generations.
Please check the best before date on the milk carton

Preserved Bảo quản before drinking it.
Hạn sử dụng tốt We must take steps to protect the environment for the
Best before nhất sake of our children's future.
The company's vision for the future includes sustainable

Future Tương lai practices and innovative technologies.
282
Farmers aim to maximise their crop yields by

Maximise Tối đa hóa implementing efficient agricultural practices.
The expansion of cropland has led to the reduction of

Cropland Đất canh tác natural habitats for wildlife.
The factory produced thousands of units of the new

Produced Sản xuất product to meet global demand.
The company expanded its operations globally, opening

Globally Toàn cầu branches in multiple countries.
The annual report provides an overview of the company's

Annual Hàng năm financial performance.
The figure representing the company's profits showed a

Figure Số liệu significant increase this year.
With improved technology, the company managed to

Triple Gấp ba lần triple its production capacity.
Climate change is a major concern that requires urgent

Major concern Vấn đề lớn attention and action.
Deforestation in the Amazon rainforest is causing

Deforestation Suy thoái rừng devastating impacts on biodiversity.
283
Đơn vị trồng Monoculture farming can lead to environmental issues
Monoculture trọt duy nhất and loss of genetic diversity.
Có nguy cơ Many species are endangered due to habitat destruction

Endangered tuyệt chủng and human activities.
The freshly harvested fruits were ripe and ready to be

Edible Ẩm thực eaten, as they were edible.
The medicine is derived from natural plant extracts and

Derived Có nguồn gốc has therapeutic properties.
The scientist proposed a radical new theory that

Radical Cấp tiến challenged existing beliefs.
The issue is complex and requires a nuanced approach to

Nuanced Phân biệt find a solution.
Some activists call for a boycott of certain products to

Boycott Tẩy chay protest unethical practices.
The utilitarian approach seeks to maximize overall

Utilitarian Hữu ích benefits for society.
284
Competing in the global market can be challenging for
Competing Cạnh tranh small businesses.
Trees play a crucial role in sequestering carbon dioxide

Sequester Lưu trữ and mitigating climate change.
The assessment revealed that the project's impact on the

Assessment Đánh giá environment was minimal.
PASSAGE 3
The building stands tall among the city's skyline, an

Building Tòa nhà architectural marvel admired by many.
As a reader, I was captivated by the plot twists and

Reader Người đọc character development in the novel.
The detailed explanation in the textbook helped the

Detailed Chi tiết students understand the complex concept.
The history of ancient civilizations fascinates historians

History Lịch sử and archaeologists alike.
Economics plays a crucial role in shaping the policies of

Economics Kinh tế học governments and the global economy.
285
The data collected from the surveys provided valuable
Data Dữ liệu insights for the research project.
His experiences in the military have shaped his

Shaped Định hình perspective on life.
Everyone has a part to play in this project to make it

Part Phần successful.
The conference primarily focuses on advancements in

Primarily Chủ yếu medical research.
The research conducted by the scientists led to

Research Nghiên cứu groundbreaking discoveries in the field of physics.
The city has various business clusters that specialize in

Clusters Cụm different industries.
The development of new technology has transformed the

Development Phát triển way we live.
286
The compilation of data from different sources provided a
Compilation Sưu tập comprehensive overview.
The company plans to incorporate customer feedback to

Incorporate Kết hợp improve its products.
The book covers various aspects of art history, from the

Aspects Khía cạnh Renaissance to modern art.
Máy bay trực The helicopter tour provided a breathtaking view of the
Helicopter thăng city from above.
The subterranean tunnels connect different parts of the

Subterranean Dưới lòng đất underground transportation system.
The tenements in the old neighborhood were renovated to

Tenements Căn hộ cho thuê create affordable housing.
The foundation of the building was laid with precision

Foundation Nền móng and care.
The regression analysis revealed a significant relationship

Regression Hồi quy between the variables.
287
The thorough investigation led to a clear understanding of
Thorough Toàn diện the problem.
The viability of the project is being carefully assessed

Viability Khả thi before proceeding.
The exuberance of the crowd was palpable as they

Exuberance Hưng phấn celebrated the victory.
The financing options for the new business venture were

Financing Tài chính carefully considered.
The estimations show that the project will be completed

Estimations Ước tính within the given timeframe.
The impressive architecture of the ancient temple attracts

Impressive Ấn tượng tourists from all over the world.
The epilogue provides closure to the story and answers

Epilogue Kết luận some lingering questions.
Climate change is a pressing global issue that requires

Climate change Biến đổi khí hậu immediate action.
Policy Đề xuất chính The policy suggestions aim to address the growing
suggestions sách environmental concerns.
Tiến lên phía Going forward, we need to be more mindful of our impact
Going forward trước on the planet.
288
Reading test 4
PASSAGE 1
The team will investigate the impact of climate change on

Investigate Điều tra the local ecosystem.
Her contribution to the project was instrumental in its

Contribution Đóng góp success.
The company's financial statements show a steady

Financial Tài chính increase in revenue.
The destruction of the forests has disrupted the delicate

Ecosystems Hệ sinh thái balance of the ecosystems.
Modern farming techniques have improved crop yields

Techniques Kỹ thuật significantly.
Their relationship has been going strong for over ten

Relationship Mối quan hệ years.
The detective gathered all the evidence needed to solve

Evidence Bằng chứng the case.
289
Crucial Quan trọng Regular exercise is crucial for maintaining good health.
Protein Protein This protein is essential for muscle repair and growth.
The rainforest's natural regeneration process helps

Regeneration Tái sinh maintain its biodiversity.
The suppressor gene helps control the growth and

Suppressor Chất ức chế division of cells in the body.
The teacher encourages her students to explore new ideas

Encourages Khuyến khích and take risks in their learning.
The police will investigate the crime scene to gather clues

Investigate Điều tra and find the perpetrator.
Some bird species preferentially choose certain types of

Preferentially Ưu tiên nesting sites over others.
There are indications that the economy is starting to

Indications Dấu hiệu recover from the recession.
290
The strong relationship between the two countries has led
Relationship Mối quan hệ to fruitful collaborations.
Solving the complicated puzzle required a team effort and

Complicated Phức tạp critical thinking.
Despite facing challenges, she remains optimistic about

Optimistic Lạc quan her chances of success.
The body's natural regeneration process helps heal

Regeneration Tái sinh wounds and repair damaged tissues.
The company is committed to adopting sustainable

Sustainable Bền vững practices to reduce its environmental impact.
The effectiveness of the new medicine was evident as

Effectiveness Hiệu quả patients showed rapid improvement.
Researchers used advanced methods to quantify the

Quantify Định lượng impact of pollution on the environment.
The company aims to maximize its profits while

Maximize Tối đa hóa minimizing its environmental footprint.
291
Insectivorous animals play a crucial role in controlling
Insectivorous Ăn côn trùng insect populations in the ecosystem.
The natural regeneration of the forest allowed it to

Regeneration Tái sinh recover after the wildfire.
The long-term sustainability of the project depends on

Sustainability Bền vững careful resource management.
Some individuals are more susceptible to certain diseases

Susceptible Dễ bị tổn thương due to genetic factors.
The significance of the archaeological discovery shed

Significance Ý nghĩa new light on ancient civilizations.
Understanding the complicated process required

Complicated Phức tạp collaboration between experts from different fields.
PASSAGE 2
Decade Thập kỷ Over the last decade, technology has advanced rapidly.
292
The research team created a comprehensive database to
Database Cơ sở dữ liệu store the information.
Compiled Tổng hợp The data was carefully compiled from various sources.
The Faculty of Medicine offers top-notch education and

Faculty Khoa training.
She studied economics to understand the financial world

Economics Kinh tế học better.
The guild of artisans preserved traditional crafts and

Guild Hội skills.
The parish church held a special ceremony on Christmas

Parish Giáo xứ Eve.
Các cuộc điều The government conducts regular censuses to track

Censuses tra dân số population changes.
Tax Thuế The tax rate for businesses increased this year.
The historical archives contain valuable documents from

Archives Lưu trữ the past.
293
Her belongings were neatly packed in the suitcase for the

Belongings Tài sản trip.
Inventories Hàng tồn kho The store keeps detailed inventories of its products.
Many families in the region depend on agricultural

Agricultural Nông nghiệp activities for their livelihoods.
The ownership of the company changed hands after the

Ownership Sở hữu merger.
Education- Liên quan đến The school provides various education-related programs
related giáo dục to support students' learning.
Khả năng đếm Numeracy skills are essential for solving mathematical
Numeracy số problems.
The data indicates a positive trend in sales for the past

Indicate Chỉ ra year.
Lack of funding is one of the main obstacles to

Obstacles Rào cản implementing the project.
Each individual's contribution is crucial to the team's

Individual Cá nhân success.
294
Her industriousness and dedication earned her a
Industriousness Chăm chỉ promotion.
The demographic data showed an aging population in the

Demographic Nhân khẩu học area.
The family's descendants have been living in this town for

Descendants Con cháu generations.
The teacher chastised the students for talking during

Chastised Quở trách class.
The pastor delivered an inspiring sermon about kindness

Sermon Bài giảng and compassion.
Reprimanded Bị quở trách He was reprimanded by his boss for being late to work.
The company introduced new strategies to counter the

Counter Phản đối competition.
Dominance Sự thống trị The dominance of the team in the league is remarkable.
295
She actively engages in community service and charity
Engage Tham gia work.
The team's collaborative efforts led to a highly productive

Productive Hiệu quả outcome.
The decision had serious implications for the company's

Implications Hậu quả future.
PASSAGE 3
An intense game of chess requires strategic thinking and

Chess Cờ vua foresight.
The young chess player won the tournament with skill

Player Người chơi and determination.
Opponents Đối thủ He defeated all his opponents in the chess championship.
Her outstanding performance in the chess tournament

Performance Biểu diễn earned her a standing ovation.
296
His adventurous spirit led him to explore the world
Adventure Cuộc phiêu lưu through chess competitions in various countries.
She is known for her strong chess moves and strategic

Strong Mạnh mẽ planning in the game.
The chess marathon lasted for hours, testing the

Marathon Marathon endurance and mental stamina of the players.
The researchers conducted a study to investigate the

Researchers Nhà nghiên cứu effects of sleep on memory consolidation.
Understanding complex concepts in neuroscience can be

Understanding Hiểu biết challenging but rewarding.
The mental agility displayed by the puzzle-solving

Mental Tâm lý champion was extraordinary.
His memory feats amazed everyone as he memorized a

Feats Kỳ công deck of cards in just a few minutes.
Memory Trí nhớ
297
Her remarkable achievements in the field of medicine
Remarkable Nổi bật earned her international recognition.
The native language of the tribe is spoken fluently by all

Native Bản địa its members.
Many talented players gathered to compete in the

Tournament Giải đấu prestigious chess tournament.
The young prodigy was crowned the national champion in

Crowned Đăng quang the spelling bee competition.
He was ranked among the top ten players in the world in

Ranked Đứng hạng the sport.
The athlete's superhuman strength and speed set new

Superhuman Phi thường records in the Olympics.
During the simultaneous exhibition, the chess

Simultaneous Đồng thời grandmaster played against multiple opponents at once.
After hours of intense training, the athlete experienced

Fatigue Mệt mỏi physical and mental fatigue.
298
The memories of the traumatic event were fragmented,
Fragmented Một phần making it difficult to piece together the whole story.
His skills in problem-solving and critical thinking were

Supremely Vượt trội supremely advanced for his age.
Despite being blindfolded, she played a flawless game of

Blindfolded Bị bịt mắt chess against her friend.
Only a few can reach the rarefied level of grandmasters in

Rarefied Hiếm chess.
Since childhood, he had a fondness for playing chess,

Fondness Sự thích spending hours honing his skills.
Identifying patterns in data is a crucial aspect of data

Patterns Mẫu mực analysis.
299
Các khóa học IELTS Online Cá nhân hóa tại IELTS I-Ready:
 Khóa học IELTS Mất gốc 4 kỹ năng – Pre IELTS: https://iready.edu.vn/khoa-hoc/ielts-

mat-goc-4-ky-nang-pre-ielts/
 Khóa học IELTS Nền tảng 4 kỹ năng – IELTS Foundation: https://iready.edu.vn/khoa-

hoc/khoa-ielts-foundation/
 Khóa học IELTS Bứt tốc 4 kỹ năng Cá nhân hóa – IELTS Intensive:
https://iready.edu.vn/khoa-hoc/but-toc-4-ky-nang-ielts-intensive/
 Khóa học IELTS Speaking bứt tốc Cá nhân hóa – Speaking Acceleration:
https://iready.edu.vn/khoa-hoc/speaking-but-toc-speaking-acceleration/
 Khóa học IELTS Writing bứt tốc Cá nhân hóa – Writing Acceleration
https://iready.edu.vn/khoa-hoc/ielts-writing-but-toc-writing-acceleration/
300
Hotline: 091.638.2288
Website: iready.edu.vn
Fanpage: www.facebook.com/IeltsIReady/
Group chữa Ielts Writing:
www.facebook.com/groups/chuaieltswritingvalu
yenspeakingmienphi
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1

Lời nói đầu

 TÀI LIỆU BỘ TỪ VỰNG TRONG IELTS READING

Chúc các em sớm đạt Aim!

The year 2000 marked the beginning of a

Stepwells were essential for accessing

Basic literacy skills are fundamental for a

We should cherish every moment of life

The desert is one of the driest places on

The old house was neglected for years and

In a recent study, scientists discovered a

The historic building underwent extensive

The team's victory brought glory and pride

The fireworks display on New Year's Eve

The ancient pyramids in Egypt are some of

The old castle stands as a reminder of a

The inhabitants of the small village were

The new road provides easier access to the

The house was spotlessly clean after a

The bakery sells delicious bread that is

Groundwater Nước dưới đất

The design of the building was utilitarian,

The new mobile app is a useful application

The north-western region of the country is

DocumentPlease make sure to carefully

The 1980s was considered the heyday of

There are many variations of this

The park is adorned with small pavilions

The artist spent hours creating intricate

The hurricane caused devastating damage

The character has gone through multiple

The city is known for its rich architectural

Xu hướng The current trend in technology is towards

Nhu cầu The high demand for the latest smartphone

Tăng The company plans to increase its

Hàng hoá The store offers a wide range of goods,

Tăng trưởng The startup experienced rapid growth in its

Sản xuất The factory has increased its production

Kinh tế The country's economy is thriving, with

Biên giới, ranh giới The scientific research is pushing the

Hiện tượng The sudden appearance of bright lights in

Di dời The company decided to relocate its

Tập trung mạnh The athletes underwent intensive training

Ứng viên Several qualified candidates applied for

Vận tải hàng hoá The transportation company specializes in

Hiện hữu Before implementing new policies, it is

Khẩn thiết It is imperative to follow safety guidelines

Đạt được After months of hard work, the team

Khí thải The factory installed advanced filters to

Sustainable Bền vững We need to adopt sustainable practices to

Thực hiện The government is implementing new

Cộng đồng The project aims to benefit the local

Chiến lược The company is developing new

Mục tiêu The main objective of the research is to

Tích hợp The software allows easy integration with

Đảo ngược We need to take action to reverse the

Sự cần thiết Access to clean water is a necessity for

Phương tiện vận Trains and buses are common modes of

Tách ra The government is considering

The company introduced a

He started his own business selling

The company faced financial difficulties

There are several tech companies in the