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Summary

ARMENIA IN 1937

Critical observations on the occasion of the 80th anniversary of

political repressions
Ararat M. Hakobyan

Key words - repression, J. Stalin, fear, interrogation, A.

Khanjyan, treachery, trial, prison, A. Amatuni, Dashnak, anti-rev-
olutionary, investigator, Troika, military tribunal, execution.

The collapse of the Soviet regime in 1991 put an end to the monopoly of
the CPSU in the territory of the former USSR. Certain conditions were created
in the post-Soviet space for the reassessment of certain pages of history. One
of the similar periods in USSR, including Armenia, were the repressions of 1937.
We, as well as many researchers are convinced that the policy of repres-
sions was not due solely to Stalins personality, his character and cruelty, but
proceeded from the Marxist-Leninist doctrine, from the ideological foundations
of the Communist Party, as according to their vision all anti-revolutionary,
Trotskyist and other so-called ideologically antagonistic elements had to be
eliminated so that the true communist society could be formed in the Soviet
Union and, if possible, in the whole world.
The unique and difficult past of the historical and political development of
tsarist Russia also left a mark on the dictatorial character of Soviet power, the
successor to autocratic Russia.
The repressive policy was applied practically from the first days of the So-

XLIV
viet power, it lasted in the following decades, and the peak of the repressions

was in 1937.
In the mid-1950s, when criticism of the cult of personality began, the
blame for repressions was unilaterally imposed only on Stalin. This was done in
order to somehow save the reputation of the CPSU. It is also obvious that other
leaders involved in this black case, tried to avoid personal responsibility. The
reality is that Stalin adhered and consistently followed the Leninist course,
while other leaders, out of fear or out of conviction, approved of his policy.
After Stalins death (1953), the repressions were greatly reduced. As a result
of changes in the international and domestic situation, repressions took a more
hidden and mild form, the methods of violence and persecutions changed.
Based on the false position of further aggravation of the class struggle, the
party-state bodies formed an unhealthy socio-political atmosphere of distrust,

() , 3 (59), -, 2017
fear and betrayal, in order to put pressure on people. In consequence of this
policy, people often reported to each other without any grounds to expose the
so-called enemies of the people.
Mostly through false testimony, torture during interrogations, falsification
of signatures and other methods, confessions were often extorted, ground-
less accusations, court judgments were made. Judicial proceedings lasted only
15-20 minutes and military tribunals or Trojkas sentenced thousands of inno-
cent people to 1 category (execution) and the second category (prison and ex-
ile).
According to available data, in 1920-1953 the total number of repressed
people in Armenia was about 42,000. The most absurd is that the authorities of
Soviet Armenia periodically received from Moscow a concrete plan on how
many enemies of the people they should expose, and the Armenian govern-
ment has always exceeded its plan to emphasize its adherence to the ideas of
Marxism-Leninism and socialism. Planning the economy for the Soviet system
can be understandable, but the fact that even the human life was planned,
proves that the system was dictatorial.
Our observations of a thousand terminated and declassified court cases in
the fund 1191 of the Armenian National Archive show that in the 1930s there
were no political or anti-Soviet, terrorist, Trotskyist, Dashnak and nationalist
groups and organizations in Armenia. The reality is that there were some indi-

viduals, writers and intellectuals in Armenia, who were concerned by the prob-
lems facing their country and the Armenian people, so they expressed a desire
that the unjustly occupied lands of Armenia, such as Kars, Karabakh, Surmalin-
sky district, Nakhchivan and others were returned to Armenia.
80 years after political repressions, our observations allow not only to re-
store the historical reality and pay tribute to thousands of innocent victims,
but also provide an instructive lesson for those who have dictatorial tendencies
and send a message to democratic states and civil society so that they live and
never forget about freedom and justice.

XLV


1937

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